Reference: Plagues of Egypt
Hastings
There are not many references in the Bible to the plagues outside the Book of Exodus. They are epitomized in Ps 78:44-51; 105:28-36. In Ro 9:14-24 God's treatment of Pharaoh is dwelt upon, to show His absolute right to do what He will with the creatures of His own handiwork. And in Re 8; 9; 16 much of the imagery in the visions of the trumpets and the bowls is based upon the plagues
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The Egyptians piled them up in large mounds, until the land began to stink with them.
The flax and the barley were ruined, because the barley was ripe, and the flax was budding.
They said: It is blood! The three armies fought and killed each other! Let us go and loot their camp!
He turned their rivers into blood so that they could not drink from their streams. He sent a swarm of flies that bit them and frogs that ruined them.
He sent a swarm of flies that bit them and frogs that ruined them. He gave their crops to grasshoppers and their produce to locusts. read more. He killed their vines with hail and their fig trees with frost. He let the hail strike their cattle and bolts of lightning strike their livestock. He sent his fierce burning anger, his rage and fury against them. He sent an army of destroying angels. He cleared a path for his anger. He did not spare them from death. He let the plague take their lives. He destroyed every firstborn in Egypt, the ones born in the tents of Ham when their fathers were young.
He sent darkness and made their land dark. They did not rebel against his orders. He turned their water into blood and caused their fish to die. read more. He made their land swarm with frogs, even in the kings' bedrooms. He spoke, and swarms of flies and gnats infested their entire territory.
He spoke, and swarms of flies and gnats infested their entire territory. He gave them hail and lightning instead of rain throughout their land. read more. He struck their grapevines and fig trees and smashed the trees in their territory. He spoke, and countless locusts and grasshoppers came. They devoured all the plants in the land. They devoured the crops in the fields. He killed all the firstborn sons, the first ones born in the land when their fathers were young.
I fade away like a lengthening shadow. I have been shaken off like a grasshopper.
I will remove the northern army far from you. I will drive it into a land barren and desolate. Its advance troops into the eastern sea and its rearguard into the western sea. It has done great things so its stench shall arise and its foul smell shall come up.
What shall we say then? Is there injustice with God? There is not! He says to Moses, I will show mercy to the one I choose to show mercy, and I will feel compassion for the one I choose to feel compassion. read more. So then it does not depend on mans will or effort, but on God who shows mercy. The scripture says to Pharaoh: For this reason I have raised you up, that I might through you, show my power and declare my name in all the earth. He shows mercy to the one he chooses, and he allows others to be stubborn. You say to me: Why does he yet find fault? Who resists his purpose (will)? Yes, but you, O man, who are you to answer back to God? Shall the thing formed say to him that formed it: Why have you made me this way? (Isaiah 45:9) Or does the potter not have authority over the clay? Can he make out of the same lump one vessel to honor, and another for common use? (Jeremiah 18:6) If God decided to show his wrath and make his power known, endured with much long-suffering vessels of wrath fit for destruction. In that way he could make known the riches of his glory upon vessels of mercy that he had prepared in advance for glory. We are the ones he has also called, not only from among the Jews, but also from among the nations.
The first angel blew his trumpet. Hail and fire mixed with blood came down upon the earth. A third of the trees were burned up, and all green grass was burned up. The second angel blew his trumpet. Something like a great mountain burning with fire was hurled into the sea. A third of the sea became blood.
The fourth angel blew his trumpet. A third of the sun was struck. A third of the moon, and a third of the stars were darkened. The illumination of both day and night was cut by one third.
The fifth angel blew his trumpet. I saw a star fall from heaven to the earth. The key of the bottomless pit was given to him. He opened the bottomless pit. Smoke came out of the pit, like the smoke of a great furnace. The smoke from the pit darkened the sun and the air. read more. Out of the smoke came locusts upon the earth. Power was given to them like the scorpions of the earth have power. They were commanded not to hurt the grass of the earth, nor any tree, but only those men who do not have the seal of God in their foreheads. The locusts were not to kill them, but should torment them for five months: and their torment was the torment of a scorpion, when it strikes a man. Men will seek death in those days and will not find it. They will desire to die and death will elude them. The appearance of the locusts was like horses prepared for battle. They wore gold crowns on their heads and their faces were like the faces of men. Their hair was like the hair of women. Their teeth were like the teeth of lions. They had breastplates like iron. The sound of their wings was as the sound of chariots with many horses running to battle. Their tails were like scorpions' tails, for there were stings in their tails. They had power to hurt men five months. The angel of the bottomless pit was their king. His name in the Hebrew language is Abaddon, and in Greek, Apollyon.
The first poured out his bowl on the earth. A painful and grievous sore appeared on the men who had the mark of the beast, and upon those who worshiped his image. Then the second angel poured out his bowl on the sea. It became like the blood of a dead man, and every living being died in the sea.
Then the fifth angel poured out his bowl on the throne of the beast; and his kingdom became full of darkness. And they gnawed their tongues because of the pain.
I saw three unclean spirits like frogs come out of the mouth of the dragon, and out of the mouth of the beast, and out of the mouth of the false prophet.
Then the seventh angel poured out his bowl into the air. A loud voice came out of the temple of heaven. It said: It is done!
Morish
These were wrought by God to show to Pharaoh and to the Egyptians His great power, and that all the elements of creation were at His disposal. Ex. 7
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You have spoken it! Moses answered. You will never see me again.
Moses approached the king. He said: I have come to let you know what Jehovah is going to do. About midnight he will go through the land of Egypt, and wherever he goes, the first-born son in every family will die. Your own son will die. So will the son of the lowest slave woman. Even the first-born males of cattle will die. read more. Everywhere in Egypt there will be loud crying. Nothing like this has ever happened before or will ever happen again. But against any of the sons of Israel a dog will not even bark, whether against man or beast. This is so you may understand how Jehovah makes a distinction between Egypt and Israel. All these your servants will come down to me and bow themselves before me. They will say: Go out, you and all the people who follow you. Then I will go out. He went out from Pharaoh in hot anger.
He sent a swarm of flies that bit them and frogs that ruined them.
He spoke, and swarms of flies and gnats infested their entire territory.
Watsons
PLAGUES OF EGYPT. The design of these visitations, growing more awful and tremendous in their progress, was to make Pharaoh know, and confess, that the God of the Hebrews was the supreme Lord, and to exhibit his power and his justice in the strongest light to all the nations of the earth, Ex 9:16; 1Sa 4:8, &c; to execute judgment upon the Egyptians and upon all their gods, inanimate and bestial, for their cruelty to the Israelites, and for their grovelling polytheism and idolatry, Ex 7:14-17; 12:12. The Nile was the principal divinity of the Egyptians. According to Heliodorus, they paid divine honours to this river, and revered it as the first of their gods. They declared him to be the rival of heaven, since he watered the country without the aid of the clouds and rain. His principal festival was at the summer solstice, when the inundation commenced; at which season, in the dog days, by a cruel idolatrous rite, they sacrificed red-haired persons, principally foreigners, to Typhon, or the power that presided over tempests, at Busiris, Heliopolis, &c, by burning them alive, and scattering their ashes in the air, for the good of the people, as we learn from Plutarch. Hence Bryant infers the probability, that these victims were chosen from among the Israelites, during their residence in Egypt. The judgment then inflicted upon the river, and all the waters of Egypt, in the presence of Pharaoh and of his servants, as foretold,
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I will bring judgment on the nation that they serve! Afterward they will come out with great possessions.
We must outsmart them or they will increase in number. If war breaks out they will leave the country and join our enemies to fight against us.
Jehovah said to Moses: Pharaoh is being stubborn. He will not let my people go. In the morning meet Pharaoh when he is on his way to the Nile. Wait for him on the bank of the river. Take the staff that turned into a snake. read more. Say to Pharaoh: 'Jehovah the God of the Hebrews sent me to tell you, Let my people go to worship me in the wilderness. So far you have not listened.' Jehovah says: 'This is the way you will recognize that I am Jehovah: I will strike the Nile with this staff in my hand. The water will turn into blood.
Jehovah said to Moses: Early tomorrow morning, go and meet the king as he goes to the river. Tell him that Jehovah says: 'Let my people go, so that they can serve me. I warn you that if you refuse, I will punish you by sending flies on you, your officials, and your people. The houses of the Egyptians will be full of flies. The ground will be covered with them. read more. At that same time I will cut off the land of Goshen where my people live. No swarms of flies shall be there. / Then you will know that I am Jehovah in the midst of the earth. I will put a dividing line between my people and your people. This sign will happen tomorrow.'
Then Jehovah said to Moses: Go to Pharaoh, and tell him, this is what Jehovah the God of the Hebrews says: Let my people go to serve me. If you refuse to let them go and continue to hold them in slavery, read more. Jehovah will bring a terrible plague on your livestock, including your horses, donkeys, camels, cattle, sheep, and goats. Jehovah will distinguish between Israel's livestock and the livestock of the Egyptians. The animals belonging to the Israelites will not die.' Jehovah set a definite time: I, Jehovah, choose tomorrow as the time when I will do this. The next day Jehovah did as he had said. The Egyptian's animals all died. Not one of the animals of the Israelites died.
The next day Jehovah did as he had said. The Egyptian's animals all died. Not one of the animals of the Israelites died. The king asked what had happened. He was told that none of the animals of the Israelites had died. He was stubborn and would not let the people go. read more. Then Jehovah said to Moses and Aaron: Take a few handfuls of ashes from a furnace. Moses is to throw them into the air in front of the king. They will spread out like fine dust over all the land of Egypt. They will produce boils that become open sores on the people and the animals. They got some ashes and stood before the king. Moses threw them into the air. They produced boils that became open sores on the people and the animals. The magicians were not able to appear before Moses, because they were covered with boils, like all the other Egyptians. Jehovah hardened the heart of Pharaoh and he did not listen to Moses and Aaron. Everything happened just as Jehovah had told Moses. Jehovah told Moses to get up early the next morning and say to the king: God of the Hebrews commands you to let his people go, so they can serve him! If you do not, he will send his worst plagues to strike you, your officials, and everyone else in your country. Then you will find out that no one can oppose Jehovah. He could already have sent a terrible disease and wiped you from the face of the earth. I have allowed you to remain, in order to show you my power and in order to proclaim my name through all the earth.
I have allowed you to remain, in order to show you my power and in order to proclaim my name through all the earth. Still you exalt yourself against my people by not letting them go. read more. At this time tomorrow, I will send a very heavy hail, such as has not been seen in Egypt from the day it was founded until now. Bring your livestock and whatever you have in the field to safety. Every man and beast that is found in the field and is not brought home will die from the hail. The ones among the servants of Pharaoh who respected the word of Jehovah made his servants and his livestock flee into the houses. He who paid no regard to the word of Jehovah left his servants and his livestock in the field.
The king sent for Moses and Aaron and said: This time I have sinned. Jehovah is in the right. My people and I are in the wrong. Pray to Jehovah! We have had enough of this thunder and hail! I promise to let you go. You do not have to stay here any longer. read more. Moses said to him: As soon as I go out of the city, I will lift up my hands in prayer to Jehovah. The thunder will stop. There will be no more hail. Thus you may know that the earth belongs to Jehovah. But I know that you and your servants do not yet respect Jehovah God. The flax and the barley were ruined, because the barley was ripe, and the flax was budding. But the wheat crops ripen later, and they were not damaged. Moses left the royal palace and the city. He lifted his arms in prayer to Jehovah. The thunder, hail, and drenching rain stopped. The king realized that the storm was over. He disobeyed once more. He and his officials were so stubborn that he refused to let the Israelites go. This was exactly what Jehovah said would happen.
Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and said to him: Thus says Jehovah, the God of the Hebrews, 'How long will you refuse to humble yourself before me? Let my people go, that they may serve me. If you refuse to let my people go, behold, tomorrow I will bring locusts into your territory. read more. They shall cover the surface of the land. No one will be able to see the land. They will also eat the rest of what has escaped and is left to you from the hail. They will eat every tree that sprouts for you out of the field. Your houses shall be filled and the houses of all your servants and the houses of all the Egyptians. This is something neither your fathers nor your grandfathers have seen, from the day that they came upon the earth until this day. He turned and went out from Pharaoh.' Pharaoh's servants said to him: How long shall this man be a snare to us? Let the men go so that they may serve Jehovah their God. Do you not yet know that Egypt is destroyed? Moses and Aaron were brought again to Pharaoh. He said to them: Go! Serve Jehovah your God. Who are the ones that shall go? Moses said: We will go with our young and with our old, with our sons and with our daughters. We will go with our flocks and with our herds. We must hold a feast to Jehovah. He said to them: May Jehovah be with you, as I send you and your little ones away. Watch out for evil is before you. Not so! You men go now and serve Jehovah. It is you who desired it. So they were driven out from Pharaoh's presence. Jehovah said to Moses: Stretch out your hand over the land of Egypt for the locusts. Let them come up upon the land of Egypt and eat every herb of the land, all that the hail has left. Moses held his staff over the land of Egypt. Jehovah made a wind from the east blow over the land all that day and all that night. By morning the east wind had brought the locusts. They invaded all of Egypt and landed all over the country in great swarms. Never before had there been so many locusts, nor would there ever be that many again. They covered all the ground until it was black with them. They ate all the plants and all the fruit on the trees that the hail had left. Nothing green was left on any tree or plant anywhere in Egypt.
Jehovah then said to Moses: Raise your hand toward the sky. Darkness thick enough to be felt will cover the land of Egypt. Moses raised his hand toward the sky. Total darkness fell throughout Egypt for three days. read more. The Egyptians could not see each other. No one left his house during that time. The Israelites, however, had light where they were living. The king called Moses. He said: You may go and worship Jehovah. Even your women and children may go with you. But your sheep, goats, and cattle must stay here. Moses answered: Then you would have to provide us with animals for sacrifices and burnt offerings to offer to Jehovah our God. No, we will take our animals with us! Not one will be left behind. We must select the animals with which to worship Jehovah our God. We will not know what animals to sacrifice to him until we get there. Jehovah made the king stubborn. He would not let them go. He said to Moses: Get out of my sight! Do not let me ever see you again! On the day I do, you will die! You have spoken it! Moses answered. You will never see me again.
Jehovah said to Moses: I will send only one more punishment (plague) on the king of Egypt and his people. After that he will let you leave. In fact, he will drive all of you out of here.
Moses approached the king. He said: I have come to let you know what Jehovah is going to do. About midnight he will go through the land of Egypt, and wherever he goes, the first-born son in every family will die. Your own son will die. So will the son of the lowest slave woman. Even the first-born males of cattle will die. read more. Everywhere in Egypt there will be loud crying. Nothing like this has ever happened before or will ever happen again. But against any of the sons of Israel a dog will not even bark, whether against man or beast. This is so you may understand how Jehovah makes a distinction between Egypt and Israel. All these your servants will come down to me and bow themselves before me. They will say: Go out, you and all the people who follow you. Then I will go out. He went out from Pharaoh in hot anger.
All these your servants will come down to me and bow themselves before me. They will say: Go out, you and all the people who follow you. Then I will go out. He went out from Pharaoh in hot anger. Then Jehovah said to Moses: Pharaoh will not listen to you, so that my signs will be multiplied in the land of Egypt. read more. Moses and Aaron performed all these wonders before Pharaoh. Yet Jehovah hardened Pharaoh's heart. He did not let the sons of Israel go out of his land.
Jehovah said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt: This month shall be the beginning of months for you. It is to be the first month of the year to you. read more. Tell the whole community of Israel: 'On the tenth day of this month each man must take a sheep for his family, one animal per household. A household may be too small to eat a whole animal. That household and the one next-door can share one animal. Choose your animal based on the number of people and what each person can eat. Your animal must be a one-year-old male that has no defects. You may choose a lamb or a young goat. Take care of it until the fourteenth day of this month. Then at dusk, all the assembled people from the community of Israel must slaughter their animals. Some of the blood must be put on the two doorposts and above the door of each house where the animals are to be eaten. That night the animals are to be roasted and eaten, together with bitter herbs (greens) and unleavened bread made without yeast. Do not eat the meat raw or boiled. The entire animal, including its head, legs, and insides, must be roasted. Eat what you want that night, and the next morning burn whatever is left. Eat it in this manner: with your loins girded, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand. Eat it in haste. It is Jehovah's Passover.' Jehovah said: That night I will go through the land of Egypt. I will strike down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast. I will execute judgments against all the gods of Egypt! I am Jehovah!
Jehovah said: That night I will go through the land of Egypt. I will strike down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast. I will execute judgments against all the gods of Egypt! I am Jehovah! The blood will be a sign for you on the houses where you live. When I see the blood I will pass over you. No plague will befall you to destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt. read more. This day will be a memorial to you. You shall celebrate it as a feast to Jehovah. You are to celebrate it as a permanent ordinance throughout your generations. You will eat unleavened bread for seven days. The first day you shall remove leaven from your houses. Whoever eats anything leavened from the first day until the seventh day will be cut off from Israel. You shall have a holy assembly on the first day. There should be another holy assembly on the seventh day. No work at all will be done on them, except what must be eaten by every person that alone may be prepared by you. You shall also observe the Feast of Unleavened Bread. That was the day I brought your hosts out of the land of Egypt. Observe this day throughout your generations as a long lasting ordinance. In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at evening, you shall eat unleavened bread, until the twenty-first day of the month at evening. There shall be no leaven found in your houses for seven days. Whoever eats what is leavened shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he is an alien or a native of the land. You shall not eat anything leavened. Eat unleavened bread in all your dwellings. Moses called all the elders of Israel and said: Take lambs according to your families and slay the Passover lamb. Take a bunch of hyssop and dip it in the blood that is in the basin. Apply some of the blood that is in the basin to the lintel and the two doorposts. No one shall go outside the door of his house until morning. Jehovah will pass through to strike the Egyptians. When he sees the blood on the top and sides of the doorframe, Jehovah will pass over the door and will not allow the destroyer to come in to your houses to kill you. You shall observe this event as an ordinance for you and your children from generation to generation. When you enter the land Jehovah will give you, as he has promised, you shall observe this rite. When your children ask you: What does this rite mean to you? You shall say: 'It is a Passover sacrifice to Jehovah who passed over the houses of the sons of Israel in Egypt when He killed the Egyptians, but spared our homes. The people bowed low and worshiped.' Then the sons of Israel did just as Jehovah had commanded Moses and Aaron. At midnight Jehovah killed every firstborn male in Egypt from the firstborn son of Pharaoh who ruled the land to the firstborn son of the prisoner in jail, and also every firstborn animal. Pharaoh, all his officials, and all the other Egyptians got up during the night. There was loud crying throughout Egypt because in every house someone had died. Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron during the night. He said: You and the Israelites must leave my people at once. Go serve Jehovah just as you requested. Take your flocks and herds, too, as you asked. Just go! And bless me, too! The Egyptians begged the people to leave the country quickly. They said: We will all be dead soon! The people picked up their bread dough before it had risen. They carried it on their shoulders in bowls and wrapped up in their clothes. The sons of Israel did what Moses told them. They asked the Egyptians for gold and silver jewelry and for clothes. Jehovah made the Egyptians generous to the people. They gave them what they asked for. So the sons of Israel stripped Egypt of its wealth. The Israelites left Rameses to go to Succoth. There were about six hundred thousand men on foot, plus all the women and children. Many other people also went with them, along with large numbers of sheep, goats, and cattle.
The pillar of cloud was always in front of the people during the day, and the pillar of fire at night.
I will throw your enemies into panic! I will drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites as you advance.
That day the tent of the words of God's Covenant was set up. The column of smoke covered it. The smoke over the tent glowed like fire from evening until morning. The smoke always glowed this way. At night the smoke that covered the tent glowed like fire. read more. When the smoke moved from the tent the Israelites would break camp. Wherever it stopped the Israelites would set up camp. The Israelites would break camp or set up camp at Jehovah's command. They stayed at the place where the column of smoke stayed over the tent. When the smoke stayed over the tent for a long time, the Israelites obeyed Jehovah's command and did not break camp. The same thing happened when the smoke stayed only a few days over the tent: At Jehovah's command they would set up camp, and at his command they would break camp. Sometimes the column of smoke stayed only from evening until morning. They broke camp when the smoke moved in the morning. Day or night, when the smoke moved, they broke camp. Whether it was two days, a month, or a year, as long as the column of smoke stayed over the tent, the Israelites stayed in the same place. But when the smoke moved, they would break camp and move. At Jehovah's command they set up camp, and at his command they broke camp. They obeyed the command Jehovah gave through Moses.
The people left Sinai, the holy mountain. They traveled three days. Jehovah's Ark of the Covenant always went ahead of them to find a place for them to camp. They moved camp to camp with the cloud of Jehovah over them by day. read more. When the Ark of the Covenant started out, Moses would say: ARISE, JEHOVAH; scatter your enemies and put to flight those who hate you! And when it stopped, he would say: RETURN, O JEHOVAH, to the countless thousands of Israel!
Some foreigners among the Israelites had a strong craving for other kinds of food. Even the Israelites cried again and said: If only we had meat to eat!
They moved from Rameses on the fifteenth day of the first month, the day after the Passover. The Israelites boldly left in full view of all the Egyptians.
But you are Jehovah's people! He led you through fiery trials and rescued you from Egypt.
Jehovah your God will send the hornet against them. Those who are left will hide from you and perish.
You advanced and I threw them into panic in order to drive out the two Amorite kings. Your swords and bows had nothing to do with it.
The country of Moab rebelled against Israel after the death of King Ahab of Israel. King Ahaziah of Israel fell off the balcony on the roof of his palace in Samaria and was seriously injured. He sent some messengers and said to them: Go to consult Baalzebub, the god of the Philistine city of Ekron, to find out whether or not I will recover from this.
Very much pain awaits wicked people, but loving-kindness and mercy surrounds those who trust Jehovah.
He sent his fierce burning anger, his rage and fury against them. He sent an army of destroying angels.
They did not like to retain God in their knowledge, so God gave them over to a reprobate (depraved) mind, to do things that are not fitting.
If God decided to show his wrath and make his power known, endured with much long-suffering vessels of wrath fit for destruction.
Observe both God's kindness and severity. Severity is for those who fail to continue. But kindness is for you as long as you continue in his kindness. Otherwise you will be cut off.
If we continue to (practice) (deliberately persist in) sin willfully after we have received the knowledge of the truth, there remains no more sacrifice for sins.