Reference: Predestination
Easton
This word is properly used only with reference to God's plan or purpose of salvation. The Greek word rendered "predestinate" is found only in these six passages, Ac 4:28; Ro 8:29-30; 1Co 2:7; Eph 1:5,11; and in all of them it has the same meaning. They teach that the eternal, sovereign, immutable, and unconditional decree or "determinate purpose" of God governs all events.
This doctrine of predestination or election is beset with many difficulties. It belongs to the "secret things" of God. But if we take the revealed word of God as our guide, we must accept this doctrine with all its mysteriousness, and settle all our questionings in the humble, devout acknowledgment, "Even so, Father: for so it seemed good in thy sight."
For the teaching of Scripture on this subject let the following passages be examined in addition to those referred to above; Ge 21:12; Ex 9:16; 33:19; De 10:15; 32:8; Jos 11:20; 1Sa 12:22; 2Ch 6:6; Ps 33:12; 65:4; 78:68; 135:4; Isa 41:1-10; Jer 1:5; Mr 13:20; Lu 22:22; Joh 6:37; 15:16; 17:2,6,9; Ac 2:28; 3:18; 4:28; 13:48; 17:26; Ro 9:11,18,21; 11:5; Eph 3:11; 1Th 1:4; 2Th 2:13; 2Ti 1:9; Tit 1:2; 1Pe 1:2. (See Decrees of God; Election of Grace.)
Hodge has well remarked that, "rightly understood, this doctrine (1) exalts the majesty and absolute sovereignty of God, while it illustrates the riches of his free grace and his just displeasure with sin. (2.) It enforces upon us the essential truth that salvation is entirely of grace. That no one can either complain if passed over, or boast himself if saved. (3.) It brings the inquirer to absolute self-despair and the cordial embrace of the free offer of Christ. (4.) In the case of the believer who has the witness in himself, this doctrine at once deepens his humility and elevates his confidence to the full assurance of hope" (Outlines).
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And had not the Lord cut short those days, not a single person would escape; but for the elect's sake whom he has chosen, he has cut them short.
"The Son of man indeed goes on his way, as it has been determined; but woe to that man by who he is betrayed."
"Everyone whom the Father gives me will come to me; and him who comes to me I will never reject.
"You did not choose me, but I chose you and appointed you, that you should go and bear fruit, and that your fruit should remain; so that whatever you ask the Father in my name, he may give it to you.
since thou hast given him authority over all mankind, to give eternal life to all whom thou hast given him.
"I have made known thy name to the men whom thou gavest me out of the world. Thine they were, and thou gavest them to me, and they have kept thy word.
"I am praying for them; I am not praying for the world, but for those whom thou hast given me; for they are thine,
"Thou hast made known to me the paths of life, Thou wilt fill me with gladness in thy presence.
"But God has thus fulfilled what he foretold by the mouth of all the prophets, that his Christ should suffer.
When the Gentiles heard this, they were glad, and glorified the word of the Lord, and all who had been ordained to eternal life, believed.
"He has made of one blood every nation of men to dwell on all the face of the earth, having determined their appointed seasons and the bounds of their habitation,
For whom he foreknew, he also foreordained to be conformed to the likeness of his Son, so that he might be the eldest of a great brotherhood; and whom he foreordained, those he also called; and whom he called, those he also justified; and whom he justified, those he also glorified.
and even though they were still unborn, and had done nothing either good or bad, in order that the purpose of God might stand according to election, not of works, but of Him who called,
So then he has mercy on whom he will, and whom he will, he hardens.
Or has not the potter power over the clay, to make out of the same lump one vessel for noble, and another for ignoble uses?
In the same way also at this time there is a remnant chosen by gift of grace.
For in his love he predestined us (such was the good pleasure of his will) to adoption for himself as sons through Jesus Christ,
It is he in whom we Jews also have our inheritance, having been chosen beforehand according to the purpose of Him who executes all things according to the counsel of his will,
according to his eternal purpose which he purposed in Christ Jesus our Lord.
since you are rooted in him, and in him continually built up. Be firmly established in the faith as you were taught it, and continually abound in it with thanksgiving.
I write in hope of life eternal which God who never lies, promised before times eternal,
He must hold to the faithful word according to the teaching, so that he may be able both to encourage by sound teaching, and to confute our opponents.
Fausets
(See ELECTION.) Ac 2:23; 4:28, "whatsoever Thy hand and Thy counsel determined before to be done" (proorisen). God has "predestinated" believers "unto the adoption of sons by Jesus Christ to Himself, according to the good pleasure of His will, to the praise of the glory of His grace." "He hath chosen us in Christ" out of the rest of the world, "predestinated" us to all things that secure the inheritance for us (Eph 1:4-5,11). "Predestination" refers to God's decree, embodied in God's "election" of us out of the mass; His grand end. in it being "the praise of the glory of His grace" (Eph 1:6,12,14). It is by virtue of our union to Christ, "foreordained before the foundation of the world" (1Pe 1:20), that we are "predestinated" (2Ti 1:9).
Believers are viewed by God before the world's foundation as "IN CHRIST" with whom the Father makes the covenant (Re 13:8; 17:8; Eph 3:11), "according to the eternal purpose which He purposed in Christ Jesus our Lord." In 2Th 2:13 the Greek for "chosen" (heilato) means rather "taken for Himself"; He adopted them in His eternal purpose; "in (Greek) sanctification of (i.e. by) the Spirit" (by consecration to perfect holiness in Christ once for all, next by imparting it to them ever more and more). There was no doubt or contingency with God from the first. All was foreordained. God's glory and the believer's salvation are secured unchangeably. All pride on man's part is excluded; all is of God's unmerited grace. Yet the will of man is, in the sense of preserving our reponsibility, free. God alone knows how the two harmonize, His predestination and our freedom; it is enough for us they are both distinctly revealed.
At the same time fatalism is excluded, for God who predestinated believers to salvation as the end predestinated them to be conformed to the image of His Son as the means. We must make as sure of the means as of the end. Not to have the Spirit of Christ is to be none of His. Yet God's predestination is not founded on the believer's character, but the believer's character results from God's predestination (2Th 2:13; Ro 8:9,28-30). God the Father gives us salvation by gratuitous election; the Son earns it by His blood-shedding; the Holy Spirit applies the Son's merits to the soul by the gospel word (Calvin): Ga 1:4,15; 1Pe 1:2; the element IN (Greek) which we are elected is "sanctification of (consecration once for all by) the Spirit unto obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ" (the end aimed at by God as regards us).
See Verses Found in Dictionary
him, delivered up by the settled purpose and fore-knowledge of God, you crucified and killed at the hands of lawless men;
But you are not earthly, but spiritual, if indeed the Spirit of God is really dwelling in you. If any one does not have the Spirit of Christ, he is none of his.
Now we know that all things continually work together for good to those who love God, to those who have been the called according to his purpose. For whom he foreknew, he also foreordained to be conformed to the likeness of his Son, so that he might be the eldest of a great brotherhood; read more. and whom he foreordained, those he also called; and whom he called, those he also justified; and whom he justified, those he also glorified.
who gave himself for our sins, that he might deliver us from this present evil age in accordance with the will of our God and Father,
But when God who had set me apart from my very birth,
Even as he chose us in him before the foundation of the world to be holy and without blemish in his sight. For in his love he predestined us (such was the good pleasure of his will) to adoption for himself as sons through Jesus Christ, read more. and to the praise of his glorious grace which he graciously bestowed upon us in the Beloved.
It is he in whom we Jews also have our inheritance, having been chosen beforehand according to the purpose of Him who executes all things according to the counsel of his will, that we who first hoped in Christ should be for the praise of his glory.
who for the praise of his glory is the pledge of our common heritage, unto the complete redemption of his purchased property.
according to his eternal purpose which he purposed in Christ Jesus our Lord.
But for you, brothers, whom the Lord loves, I ought to give thanks to God continually, because God has chosen you from the beginning for salvation in consecration of the Spirit and belief of the truth.
But for you, brothers, whom the Lord loves, I ought to give thanks to God continually, because God has chosen you from the beginning for salvation in consecration of the Spirit and belief of the truth.
He has saved us and called us with a holy calling, not dealing with us according to our works, but according to his purpose and grace which he gave us in Christ Jesus before the beginning of time.
He was indeed foreknown before the foundation of the world, but was manifested at the end of the times for your sake.
and each one whose name has not been written in the Lamb's book of life, the Lamb who has been slain from the foundation of the world. All who dwell on the earth shall worship him.
The beast that you saw was, and is not, and is about to come up out of the bottomless pit, and to go into perdition. And those who dwell on the earth shall wonder, those whose names have never, from the foundation of the world, been written in the Lamb's Book of Life, when they gaze on the beast; how he was and is not, and is to come.
Hastings
The English word 'predestinate' in the AV is, in the few cases in which it occurs (Ro 8:29,36; Eph 1:5,11), exchanged in the RV for 'foreordain,' a return to the usage of the older Versions. The Gr. word (proorizo) conveys the simple idea of defining or determining beforehand (thus, in addition to above, in Ac 4:29; 1Co 2:7). The change in rendering brings the word into closer relation with a number of others expressing the same, or related, meanings, as 'foreknow' (in pregnant sense, Ac 2:23; Ro 8:29; 11:2; 1Pe 1:2,20), 'determine' (Ac 17:26), 'appoint' (1Pe 2:8), 'purpose' (Eph 1:9), in the case of believers, 'choose' or 'elect' (Eph 1:4 etc.). In the OT the idea is expressed by the various words denoting to purpose, determine, choose (e.g. Isa 14:24-27; 46:10-11), with the ahundance of phrases extolling the sovereignty and immutability of God's counsel in all the spheres of His operation (see below; so in NT). The best clue to the Scripture conception will he found in tracing it as it appears in these different spheres of the Divine action.
1. In its most general aspect, foreordination is coextensive with the sphere of God's universal providence, is, in fact, but another name for the eternal plan, design, purpose, counsel of God, which executes itself in providence. The election of believers, to which 'predestination' is sometimes narrowed, is hut a specific case of the 'purpose' of Him 'who worketh all things after the counsel of his will' (Eph 1:11). It is in this wider regard, accordingly, that foreordination must be studied first. It cannot be reasonably doubted that all Scripture
See Verses Found in Dictionary
thy kingdom come, and thy will be done, On earth, as in heaven.
"Are not two sparrows sold for a half-penny? Yet not one of them will fall to the ground without your father. "The very hairs on your head are all numbered.
him, delivered up by the settled purpose and fore-knowledge of God, you crucified and killed at the hands of lawless men;
"Thou hast made known to me the paths of life, Thou wilt fill me with gladness in thy presence.
"And now Lord, listen to their threats, and grant to thy slaves to proclaim thy message with all boldness,
"Says the Lord, who has been making this known from the beginning of the world.
"For it has seemed good to the Holy Ghost and to us, to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things;
"He has made of one blood every nation of men to dwell on all the face of the earth, having determined their appointed seasons and the bounds of their habitation,
For whom he foreknew, he also foreordained to be conformed to the likeness of his Son, so that he might be the eldest of a great brotherhood;
For whom he foreknew, he also foreordained to be conformed to the likeness of his Son, so that he might be the eldest of a great brotherhood;
For whom he foreknew, he also foreordained to be conformed to the likeness of his Son, so that he might be the eldest of a great brotherhood;
Even as it is written. For thy sake we are killed all the day long; We are accounted as sheep for the slaughter.
What shall we say then? that there is injustice with God? No indeed. His words to Moses are. I will have mercy on whom I choose to have mercy; I will have compassion on whom I choose to have compassion. read more. So then it is not a question of him who wills, nor of him who runs, but of God who has mercy. For the Scripture says to Pharaoh, It is for this very purpose that I have raised you up, To show in you my power, And to proclaim my name far and wide, in all the earth.
For the Scripture says to Pharaoh, It is for this very purpose that I have raised you up, To show in you my power, And to proclaim my name far and wide, in all the earth. So then he has mercy on whom he will, and whom he will, he hardens. read more. Then you will say to me. "Why does he still go on finding fault? Who can withstand his will?" "Nay, but who are you, O man, that replies to God? Shall the thing formed say unto him who formed it, "Why did you do me like this?"
"Nay, but who are you, O man, that replies to God? Shall the thing formed say unto him who formed it, "Why did you do me like this?" Or has not the potter power over the clay, to make out of the same lump one vessel for noble, and another for ignoble uses?
Or has not the potter power over the clay, to make out of the same lump one vessel for noble, and another for ignoble uses? But what if God, while intending to show forth his wrath, and to make known his power, yet endured, with much long-suffering, vessels of wrath, fitted to destruction?
But what if God, while intending to show forth his wrath, and to make known his power, yet endured, with much long-suffering, vessels of wrath, fitted to destruction?
But what if God, while intending to show forth his wrath, and to make known his power, yet endured, with much long-suffering, vessels of wrath, fitted to destruction? And what if he thus purposed to make known the riches of his glory upon vessels of mercy, which he had before prepared for glory?
God did not cast off his people whom he foreknew. For do you not know what is said in the Scripture about Elijah? how he pleaded with God against Israel, saying,
Oh, the depths of the riches, both of the wisdom and the knowledge of God! How unfathomable are his judgments, and how unsearchable his paths! Who has known the mind of the Lord? Or who has been his counsellor?
Even as he chose us in him before the foundation of the world to be holy and without blemish in his sight.
Even as he chose us in him before the foundation of the world to be holy and without blemish in his sight.
Even as he chose us in him before the foundation of the world to be holy and without blemish in his sight. For in his love he predestined us (such was the good pleasure of his will) to adoption for himself as sons through Jesus Christ,
For in his love he predestined us (such was the good pleasure of his will) to adoption for himself as sons through Jesus Christ,
when he made known to us, I say, that good pleasure which he purposed in himself
It is he in whom we Jews also have our inheritance, having been chosen beforehand according to the purpose of Him who executes all things according to the counsel of his will,
It is he in whom we Jews also have our inheritance, having been chosen beforehand according to the purpose of Him who executes all things according to the counsel of his will,
It is he in whom we Jews also have our inheritance, having been chosen beforehand according to the purpose of Him who executes all things according to the counsel of his will,
And so God has given life to you Gentiles also, who were once dead in your trespasses and sins, in which you passed your lives after the way of this world, under the sway of the Prince of the Powers of the Air, the spirit who is now working among the sons of disobedience. read more. And among them we all once passed our lives, indulging the passions of our flesh, carrying out the dictates of our senses and temperament, and were by nature the children of wrath like all the rest. But God, who is rich in mercy, because of the great love with which he loved us, even while we were dead in our trespasses, made us live together with Christ (it is by grace you have been saved). together with him He raised us from the dead, and together with Christ Jesus seated us in the heavenly realm, in order that he might show to the ages to come the amazing riches of his grace by his goodness to us in Christ Jesus. For by grace you have been saved through faith, and that not of yourselves; it is God's gift.
Husbands, love your wives, just as Christ loved the church and gave himself for her, in order that after cleansing her in the bath of baptism, he might sanctify her by his word, read more. so as to present her to himself, the church glorified, without spot or wrinkle or any such blemish; but on the contrary holy and faultless.
since you are rooted in him, and in him continually built up. Be firmly established in the faith as you were taught it, and continually abound in it with thanksgiving.
But for you, brothers, whom the Lord loves, I ought to give thanks to God continually, because God has chosen you from the beginning for salvation in consecration of the Spirit and belief of the truth.
So, brothers, stand fast, and hold fast the teachings which you have been taught by me, whether by word of mouth or by letter.
Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to the elect who are sojourners of the dispersion in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Roman Asia, and Bithynia,
and, A stone of stumbling, and a rock of offense. They stumble over it because they are disobeying God's word, and to this they were also appointed.
and from Jesus Christ, the faithful witness, the firstborn of the dead, and the Ruler of the kings of the earth. To Him who loves us and has loosed us from our sins in his own blood; and has made us to be a kingdom of priests unto his God and Father; to him be the glory and the dominion forever and ever, Amen.
"Worthy art thou, our Lord and our God, To receive the glory and the honor and the power; For thou didst create all things, And because of thy will they came into being And were created."
and they cried with a loud voice, saying "Salvation to our God, who sits on the throne, And to the Lamb!"
And I looked, and lo, there was the Lamb standing on Mount Zion, and with were a hundred and forty and four thousand who had his name and his Father's name written on their foreheads. And I heard a voice from heaven like the voice of many waters, and the voice of a great thunder; and I heard the voice of harpers harping on their harps. read more. They were singing a new song before the throne, and before the four Living Creatures and the Elders; and none can learn that song, except the one hundred and forty and four thousand, who had been redeemed from the earth. These are they who were not defiled with women; for they are celibates. They follow the Lamb wherever he goes. They have been redeemed from among men to be the first-fruits unto God and the Lamb. No lie was ever found on their lips; they are spotless. Then I saw another angel who was flying in mid-heaven. He had an eternal evangel, to evangelize all the dwellers on the earth, of every nation and tribe and tongue and people.
Watsons
PREDESTINATION, according to some, is a judgment, or decree of God, by which he has resolved, from all eternity, to save a certain number of persons, hence named elect. Others define it, a decree to give faith in Jesus Christ to a certain number of men, and to leave the rest to their own malice and hardness of heart. A third, more Scripturally, God's eternal purpose to save all that "truly repent and unfeignedly believe his holy Gospel,"