Reference: Stranger
American
Is sometimes used in a special sense, easily understood from the context. It usually denotes a foreigner, who is not a native of the land in which he resides, Ge 23:4. The Mosaic Law enjoined a generous hospitality towards foreign residents, saying, "Thou shalt love him as thyself," Le 19:33-34; De 10:18-19; 24:17; 27:19. They were subject to the law, Ex 20:10; Le 16:20, and were admitted to many of the privileges of the chosen people of God, Nu 9:14; 15:14. The strangers whom David collected to aid in building the temple, 1Ch 22:2, probably comprised many of the remnants of the Canaanite tribes, 1Ki 9:20-21. Hospitality to strangers, including all travellers, was the duty of all good citizens, Job 31:32; Heb 13:2.
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I am a sojourner and stranger with you: give me the possession of a grave with you, and I will bury my dead from my face.
And the seventh day the Sabbath to Jehovah thy God: thou shall do no service, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, thy servant, and thy maid, and thy cattle, and thy stranger which is in thy gates.
And he finished expiating the holy place, and the tent of appointment, and the altar, and he brought the living he goat.
And when a stranger shall sojourn with thee in your land, ye shall not oppress him. As the native among you shall be to you the stranger sojourning with you; thou shalt love him as thyself; for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt: I Jehovah your God.
And when a stranger shall sojourn with you, and he did the passover to Jehovah; according to the law of the passover and according to its judgment, so shall he do: one law shall be to you, and to the stranger, and to the native of the land.
And when a stranger shall sojourn with you, or whoever in the midst of you for your generations, and he did a sacrifice, an odor of sweetness to Jehovah; as ye shall do, so shall he do.
He did the judgment of the orphan and the widow, and he loved the stranger to give to him bread and a garment And love ye the stranger, for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt
Thou shalt not turn away the judgment of the stranger, the fatherless; and thou shalt not take as a pledge the garment of the widow.
Cursing he turning away the judgment of the stranger, the orphan and the widow: and all the people said, Amen.
All the people remaining of the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Hivites and the Jebusites, which were not of the sons of Israel; Their sons which were left after them in the land, which the sons of Israel will not be able to destroy them, and Solomon will bring them up for tribute of work even to this day.
And David will say to assemble the strangers which are in the land of Israel; and he will set up hewers of stone to hew out hewn stones to build the house of God
The stranger shall not lodge without: I shall open my doors to the traveler.
Forget not hospitality: for by this some knew not having treated angels with friendship.
Easton
This word generally denotes a person from a foreign land residing in Palestine. Such persons enjoyed many privileges in common with the Jews, but still were separate from them. The relation of the Jews to strangers was regulated by special laws (De 23:3; 24:14-21; 25:5; 26:10-13). A special signification is also sometimes attached to this word. In Ge 23:4 it denotes one resident in a foreign land; Ex 23:9, one who is not a Jew; Nu 3:10, one who is not of the family of Aaron; Ps 69:8, an alien or an unknown person. The Jews were allowed to purchase strangers as slaves (Le 25:44-45), and to take usury from them (De 23:20).
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I am a sojourner and stranger with you: give me the possession of a grave with you, and I will bury my dead from my face.
Thou shalt not press the stranger: and ye knew the soul of the stranger, for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt
And thy servant and thy maid which shall be to thee, from the nations which are round about you, from them ye shall buy servant and maid. And from the sons of the sojourner sojourning with you, from them shall ye buy, and from their families which are with you, which were born in your land: and they were to you for a possession.
And Aaron and his sons thou shalt set up, and they shall watch their priesthood; and the stranger coming near shall die.
An Ammonite and a Moabite shall not come into the gathering of Jehovah; also the tenth generation to them shall not come in to the gathering of Jehovah, even forever:
To a foreigner thou shalt lend on interest; and to thy brother thou shalt not lend on interest: so that Jehovah thy God shall bless thee in all the stretching forth of thy hand upon the land which thou goest there to possess it
Thou shalt not oppress the poor and needy hireling from thy brethren, or from thy stranger which is in thy land in thy gates. In his day thou shalt give his hire, and the sun shall not go down upon it, for he is poor, and he lifted up his soul to it; and he will cry against thee to Jehovah, and it was sin in thee. read more. The fathers shall not die for the sons, and the sons shall not die for the fathers: a man shall die in his sin. Thou shalt not turn away the judgment of the stranger, the fatherless; and thou shalt not take as a pledge the garment of the widow. And remember that thou wert a servant in Egypt, and Jehovah thy God will redeem thee from thence; for this I commend thee to do this word. When thou shalt reap thy harvest in thy field and didst forget a sheaf in the field, thou shalt not turn back to take it: to the stranger and to the orphan and to the widow shall it be; so that Jehovah thy God shall bless thee in all the doing of thy hands. When thou shalt beat thine olive thou shalt not go over the boughs after thee: to the stranger, to the orphan, and to the widow it shall be. And when thou shalt gather thy vineyard thou shalt not glean after thee; to the stranger, and to the orphan, and to the widow it shall be.
If brethren shall dwell together and one of them died, and a son not to him, the wife of the dead shall not be without to a man a stranger: her husband's brother shall go in to her, and he took her to him for a wife, and he acted the husband's brother to her.
And now, behold, I brought the first-fruits of the earth that thou Jehovah gave to me: and set thou it before Jehovah thy God, and worship before Jehovah thy God. And rejoice in all the good that Jehovah thy God gave to thee and to thy house, thou and the Levite and the stranger which is in the midst of them. read more. When thou shalt finish to tithe all the tenth part of thy produce, in the third year the year of the tenth part, and thou gavest it to the Levite and to the stranger and to the orphan and to the widow, and they ate in thy gates and were satisfied. And thou saidst before Jehovah thy God, I took away the holy thing from the house, and also I gave it to the Levite, and to the stranger, to the orphan and to the widow, according to all thy commands which thou didst command me: I passed not by from thy command, and I did not forget
I was polluted to my brethren, and a stranger to my mother's sons.
Fausets
A foreigner settled among the covenant people, without Israelite citizenship, but subject to Israel's laws, and having a claim to kindness and justice (Ex 12:49; Le 24:22; 19:34; 25:6; De 1:16; 24:17-19; 10:18-19; 16:11,14; 26:11). (See PROSELYTES.) In contrast to one "born in the land," not transplanted, "ezrach." Geer, toshab; geer implies the stranger viewed in respect to his foreign origin, literally, one turned aside to "another people"; toshab implies his permanent residence in the hind of hision. Distinguished from the "foreigner," nakri, who made no stay in Israel. The stranger included the "mixed multitude" from Egypt (Ex 12:38); the Canaanites still remaining in Palestine and their descendants, as Uriah the Hittite and Araunah the Jebusite, Doeg the Edomite, Ittai the Gittite; captives in war, fugitives, and merchants, amounting under Solomon to 153,600 males (2Ch 2:17), one tenth of the population.
Strictly, the stranger had no share in the land. It is to be a peculiarity of restored Israel that the stranger shall inherit along with the native born (Eze 47:22). Still anomalies may have been tolerated of necessity, as that of Canaanites (on conversion to the law) retaining land from which Israel had been unable to eject their forefathers. Strangers were excluded from kingship. Though tolerated they must not violate the fundamental laws by blaspheming Jehovah, breaking the sabbath by work, eating leavened bread at the Passover, infringing the marriage laws, worshipping Moloch, or eating blood (Le 24:16; 18:26; 20:2; 17:10,15; Ex 20:10; 12:19). If the stranger were a bondservant he had to be circumcised (Ex 12:44). If free he was exempt, but if not circumcised was excluded from the Passover (Ex 12:48); he might eat foods (De 14:21) which the circumcised stranger might not eat (Le 17:10,15).
The liberal spirit of the law contrasts with the exclusiveness of Judaism after the return from Babylon. This narrowness was at first needed, in order to keep the holy seed separate from foreign admixture (Nehemiah 9; 10; 13; Ezra 10). But its degeneracy into proud, morose isolation and misanthropy our Lord rebukes in His large definition of "neighbour" in the parable of the good Samaritan (Lu 10:36). The law kept Israel a people separate from the nations, yet exercising a benignant influence on them. It secured a body of 600,000 yeomen ready to defend their own land, but unfit for invading other lands, as their force was ordained to be of infantry alone. Interest front a fellow citizen was forbidden, but from a stranger was allowed, subject to strict regard to equity. The hireling was generally taken from strangers, the law guarded his rights with tender considerateness (De 24:14-15). (See NETHINIM; SOLOMON'S SERVANTS.)
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Seven days leaven shall not be found in your houses; for all eating from the leavened, that soul shall be destroyed from the assembly of Israel, for the sojourner or for the native of the land.
And also a great mixture went up with them; and sheep and oxen, very much cattle.
And every servant of a man bought with silver, and thou hast circumcised him, then he shall eat of it
And when a stranger shall sojourn with thee, and do the passing over to Jehovah, all the males to him being circumcised, and then he shall draw near to do it; and he was as a native of the land: and every one uncircumcised shall not eat of it. One law shall be to the native and to the stranger sojourning in the midst of you.
And the seventh day the Sabbath to Jehovah thy God: thou shall do no service, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, thy servant, and thy maid, and thy cattle, and thy stranger which is in thy gates.
And a man, a man from the house of Israel, and from the stranger sojourning in the midst of you, who shall eat any blood; and I gave my face against the soul eating the blood, and I cut it off from the midst of its people.
And a man, a man from the house of Israel, and from the stranger sojourning in the midst of you, who shall eat any blood; and I gave my face against the soul eating the blood, and I cut it off from the midst of its people.
And every soul which shall eat a carcass and torn in pieces among the native or the stranger, and he washed his garments and washed in water, and was unclean till the evening: and he was clean.
And every soul which shall eat a carcass and torn in pieces among the native or the stranger, and he washed his garments and washed in water, and was unclean till the evening: and he was clean.
And ye watched these my laws, and my judgments, and ye shall not do from all of these abominations, the native and the stranger sojourning in your midst:
As the native among you shall be to you the stranger sojourning with you; thou shalt love him as thyself; for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt: I Jehovah your God.
And to the sons of Israel thou shalt say, A man, a man from the sons of Israel, and from the stranger sojourning in Israel which shall give of his seed to Molech, dying, he shall die: the people of the land. shall stone him with stones.
And he vilifying the name of Jehovah, dying, shall die; stoning, all the assembly shall stone him: as the stranger so the native, in his vilifying the name, he shall die.
One judgment to you; as the stranger so the native shall it be: for I Jehovah your God.
And the Sabbath of the land shall be to you for food; to thee and to thy servant, and to thy maid, and to thy hireling, and to thine inhabitant sojourning with thee.
And I shall command your judges in that time, saying, Hear between your brethren, and judge justice between a man and between his brother and between his stranger.
He did the judgment of the orphan and the widow, and he loved the stranger to give to him bread and a garment And love ye the stranger, for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt
Ye shall not eat any carcass: to the stranger that is in thy gates ye shall give it, and he shall eat it; or sell it to a foreigner: for thou a holy people to Jehovah thy God. Thou shalt not boil a kid in his mother's milk.
And rejoice before Jehovah thy God, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, and thy servant, and thy maid, and the Levite that is in thy gates, and the stranger, and the orphan and the widow, which are in the midst of thee in the place which Jehovah thy God shall choose to cause his name to dwell there.
And rejoice in thy festival, thou and thy son and thy daughter, and thy servant, and thy maid, and the Levite, and the stranger, and the orphan, and the widow, which are in thy gates:
Thou shalt not oppress the poor and needy hireling from thy brethren, or from thy stranger which is in thy land in thy gates. In his day thou shalt give his hire, and the sun shall not go down upon it, for he is poor, and he lifted up his soul to it; and he will cry against thee to Jehovah, and it was sin in thee.
Thou shalt not turn away the judgment of the stranger, the fatherless; and thou shalt not take as a pledge the garment of the widow. And remember that thou wert a servant in Egypt, and Jehovah thy God will redeem thee from thence; for this I commend thee to do this word. read more. When thou shalt reap thy harvest in thy field and didst forget a sheaf in the field, thou shalt not turn back to take it: to the stranger and to the orphan and to the widow shall it be; so that Jehovah thy God shall bless thee in all the doing of thy hands.
And rejoice in all the good that Jehovah thy God gave to thee and to thy house, thou and the Levite and the stranger which is in the midst of them.
And Solomon will number all the men, the strangers which are in the land of Israel, after the numbering which David his father numbered them; and they will be found a hundred and fifty thousand and three thousand and six hundred.
And ye shall cause it to fall in inheritance to you, and to the strangers sojourning in the midst of you, who begat sons in the midst of you: and they were to you as the nation among the sons of Israel with you they shall fall in the inheritance in the midst of the tribes of Israel.
Hastings
This seems, on the whole, the most suitable English word by which to render the Heb. z
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And he will say to Abram, Knowing thou shalt know that thy seed shall be a sojourner in the land not to them; and they shall serve them and they shall humble them four hundred years.
And they will say to them, We shall not be able to do this word, to give our sister to a man which to him is uncircumcision; for this a reproach to us.
Seven days leaven shall not be found in your houses; for all eating from the leavened, that soul shall be destroyed from the assembly of Israel, for the sojourner or for the native of the land.
And if a man shall strike his servant or his maid with a rod, and he died under his hand, avenging, he shall be avenged.
Thou shalt not treat evil the stranger, and thou shalt not press him: for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.
Thou shalt not press the stranger: and ye knew the soul of the stranger, for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt
Thou shalt not press the stranger: and ye knew the soul of the stranger, for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt
Six days thou shalt do thy works, and in the seventh day thou shalt rest: that thine ox shall rest, and thine ass, and the son of thy maid shall be refreshed, and the stranger. And in all which I said to you ye shall watch; and ye shall not call to mind the name of other gods; it shall not be heard above thy mouth.
And they shall eat these which covered up in them to fill their hand to consecrate them: and a stranger shall not eat for they are holy.
A man who shall perfume like it, and shall give to the stranger, and he shall be cut off from his people.
And it was to you for a law forever: in the seventh month, in the tenth of the month ye shall humble your souls, and all work ye shall not do, the native and the stranger sojourning in the midst of you.
And any stranger shall not eat the holy thing: a sojourner of the priest and a hireling shall not eat the holy thing.
And if the priest's daughter shall be for a man, a stranger, she shall not eat from the offering of the holies.
And if the hand of a stranger and sojourner with thee shall attain, and thy brother with him be poor, and he sold to the stranger, a sojourner with thee, or to the root of the stranger's family:
And in the removing of the dwelling the Levites shall take it down, and in pitching the dwelling, the Levites shall set it up: and the stranger coming near shall die.
And Aaron and his sons thou shalt set up, and they shall watch their priesthood; and the stranger coming near shall die.
And they encamping before the dwelling eastward before the tent of appointment, from the sunrising, Moses and Aaron and his sons, watching the watches of the holy place, for the watches of the sons of Israel; and the stranger coming near shall die.
And when a stranger shall sojourn with you, and he did the passover to Jehovah; according to the law of the passover and according to its judgment, so shall he do: one law shall be to you, and to the stranger, and to the native of the land.
And also thy brethren, the tribe of Levi, the tribe of thy father, bring thou near with thee, and they shall be joined to thee, and they shall serve thee: and thou and thy sons with thee, before the tent of testimony.
And thou and thy sons with thee shall watch your priesthood for all the word of the altar, and to within the vail; and ye served: the services a gift I will give your priesthood; and the stranger coming near shall die.
And the seventh day, the Sabbath to Jehovah thy God: thou shalt not do any work, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, and thy servant, and thy maid, and thine ox, and thine ass, and all thy cattle, and thy stranger who is in thy gates; so that thy servant and thy maid shall rest like thyself.
When Jehovah thy God shall bring thee to the, land where thou goest there to possess it, and he cast out many nations from before thee, the Hittite and the Girgashite and the Amorite and the Canaanite, and the Perizzite, and the Hivite and the Jebusite, seven nations many and strong above thee;
He did the judgment of the orphan and the widow, and he loved the stranger to give to him bread and a garment
He did the judgment of the orphan and the widow, and he loved the stranger to give to him bread and a garment And love ye the stranger, for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt
And the Levite came (because no portion and inheritance to him with thee) and the stranger, and the orphan, and the widow which is in thy gates, and ate and were satisfied; so that Jehovah thy God shall bless thee in all the work of thy hand which thou shalt do.
And the Levite came (because no portion and inheritance to him with thee) and the stranger, and the orphan, and the widow which is in thy gates, and ate and were satisfied; so that Jehovah thy God shall bless thee in all the work of thy hand which thou shalt do.
And the Levite came (because no portion and inheritance to him with thee) and the stranger, and the orphan, and the widow which is in thy gates, and ate and were satisfied; so that Jehovah thy God shall bless thee in all the work of thy hand which thou shalt do.
And rejoice before Jehovah thy God, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, and thy servant, and thy maid, and the Levite that is in thy gates, and the stranger, and the orphan and the widow, which are in the midst of thee in the place which Jehovah thy God shall choose to cause his name to dwell there.
For the word that they met you not with bread and with water in the way in your coming out of Egypt, and who hired against thee Balaam, son of Beor of Pethor, of Arum of the two rivers, to curse thee.
Thou shalt not abhor an Edomite, for he is thy brother: thou shalt not abhor an Egyptian' for thou wert a stranger in his land.
Thou shalt not oppress the poor and needy hireling from thy brethren, or from thy stranger which is in thy land in thy gates.
Thou shalt not turn away the judgment of the stranger, the fatherless; and thou shalt not take as a pledge the garment of the widow.
When thou shalt reap thy harvest in thy field and didst forget a sheaf in the field, thou shalt not turn back to take it: to the stranger and to the orphan and to the widow shall it be; so that Jehovah thy God shall bless thee in all the doing of thy hands.
And Moses and the old men of Israel will command the people, saying, Watch every command which I command you this day. And it was in the day which ye shall pass over Jordan to the land that Jehovah thy God gave to thee, and set up to thee great stones, and plaster them with lime. read more. And write upon them all the words of this law in thy passing over, so that thou shalt go in to the land that Jehovah thy God gave to thee; a land flowing milk and honey, as Jehovah the God of thy fathers spake to thee. And being in your passing over Jordan ye shall set up these stones which I command you this day, in mount Ebal, and plaster them with lime. And build there an altar to Jehovah thy God, an altar of stones: thou shalt not lift up iron upon them. Whole stones thou shalt build the altar of Jehovah thy God: and bring up upon it burnt-offerings to Jehovah thy God: And sacrifice peace, and eat there and rejoice before Jehovah thy God. And write upon the stones all the words of this law very diligently. And Moses will speak, and the priests, the Levites, to all Israel, saying, Be silent and hear, Israel; this day thou wert for a people to Jehovah thy God.
And it was in his hearing the words of this oath, and he blessed himself in his heart, saying, Peace shall be to me, if in the hardness of my heart, I shall go to add satiating to thirst:
And two men, chiefs of troops, were to the son of Saul: the name of the one, Baanah, and the name of the second, Rechab, sons of Rimmon the Beerothite, of the sons of Benjamin, for also Beeroth was reckoned to Benjamin.
For strangers rose up against me, and the powerful sought out my soul: they set not God before them. Silence.
To deliver thee from the strange woman, from the stranger making smooth her sayings;
Your land made desolate, your cities burnt with fire, your land before your strangers eating it up, and made desolate, as the overthrow of strangers.
And I gave it into the hands of strangers for plunder, and to the unjust of the earth for a spoil; and they profaned it
And I brought you from its midst, and I gave you into the hand of strangers and I did judgment upon you.
Strangers consumed his strength, and he knew not: also grayness of hair was sprinkled upon him, and he knew not
For they shall sow the wind, and they shall reap the whirlwind: no stalk to it: the sprout shall not make flour: perhaps it will make, strangers will swallow it down.
And ye knew that I am Jehovah your God dwelling in Zion my holy mountain: and Jerusalem was holy, and strangers shall no more pass through her.
In the day of thy standing from before, in the day of the strangers carrying away captive his strength, and foreigners came into his gate, and upon Jerusalem they cast the lot, also thou as one of them.
Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees hypocrites! for ye go about sea and dry land to make one proselyte, and when he should become, ye make him the son of hell, twofold more than you.
And there having been this voice, the multitude came together, and were disturbed, for each one heard them speaking in his own dialect.
Morish
1. This term was applied to any sojourning among the Israelites, who were not descendants of Israel. The law gave injunctions against the oppression of such. Nu 15:14-30.
2. Gentiles are also called 'strangers' from the covenants of promise (Eph 2:12), showing that the covenants made with Israel did in no wise embrace the Gentiles, though God's grace at all times extended to them.
3. Those called strangers in 1Pe 1:1 were Jews away from their own land: sojourners of the dispersion.
4. Both the O.T. and the N.T. saints were and are strangers upon earth. David said, "I am a stranger with thee, and a sojourner, as all my fathers were." Ps 39:12. They "confessed that they were strangers and pilgrims on the earth." Heb 11:13. The same is true of the saints now. 1Pe 2:11. Their citizenship is in heaven, and this earth is no longer their home or their rest.
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And when a stranger shall sojourn with you, or whoever in the midst of you for your generations, and he did a sacrifice, an odor of sweetness to Jehovah; as ye shall do, so shall he do. One law for you of the assembly, and for the stranger sojourning; a law forever to your generations: as ye, so the stranger shall be before Jehovah. read more. One law and one judgment shall be to you, and to the stranger sojourning with you. And Jehovah will speak to Moses, saying, Speak to the sons of Israel, and say to them, In your going into the land where I bring you there, And it was in your eating from the bread of the land, ye shall lift up a lifting up to Jehovah. The first of your groats, a cake, shall ye lift up a lifting up; as the lifting up of the threshing floor, so shall ye lift it up. From the first of your groats, shall ye give to Jehovah a lifting up, for your generations. And when ye shall err, and shall not do all these commands which Jehovah spake to Moses, All which Jehovah commanded to you by the hand of Moses from the day which Jehovah commanded, and onward to your generations; And it was if from the eyes of the assembly there was done in error, all the assembly did a bullock, the son of a cow, for a burnt-offering, for an odor of sweetness to Jehovah, and its gift and its libation, according to judgment, and one he goat of the goats for sin. And the priest expiated for all the assembly of the sons of Israel, and it was forgiven to them; for it is an error; and they brought their offering a sacrifice to Jehovah, and their sin before Jehovah, for their error. And it was forgiven to all the assembly of the sons of Israel, and to the stranger sojourning in the midst of them, to all the people in error. And if one soul shall sin in. error, and he brought a she goat the daughter of a goat, for sin. And the priest expiated for the soul erring, in sinning in error before Jehovah, to expiate for him; and it was forgiven to him. The native among the sons of Israel, and to the stranger sojourning in the midst of them, one law shall be to you, for doing in error. And the soul which shall do with a high hand, from the native, and from the stranger, it reproaches Jehovah, and that soul was cut off from the midst of its people.
Hear my prayer, O Jehovah, and give ear to my cry; thou wilt not be silent at my tears, for I a sojourner with thee, a dweller, as all my fathers.
That ye were in that time without Christy alienated from the citizenship of Israel, and foreigners from the covenants of solemn promise, having no hope, and without God in the world:
According to faith died all these, not having received the promises, but having seen them from afar, and been persuaded, and having embraced, and assented that they are strangers and newly arrived from a foreign country upon earth.
Peter, sent of Jesus Christ, to the chosen strangers of the dispersion of Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia,
Dearly beloved, I beseech as sojourners and strangers, to keep off from fleshly passions, which war against the soul;
Smith
Stranger.
A "stranger," in the technical sense of the term, may be defined to be a person of foreign, i.e. non-Israelitish, extraction resident within the limits of the promised land. He was distinct from the proper "foreigner," inasmuch as the latter still belonged to another country, and would only visit Palestine as a traveller: he was still more distinct from the "nations," or non-Israelite peoples. The term may be compared with our expression "naturalized foreigner." The terms applied to the "stranger" have special reference to the fact of residing in the land. The existence of such a class of persons among the Israelites is easily accounted for the "mixed multitude" that accompanied them out of Egypt,
formed one element the Canaanitish Population,which was never wholly extirpated from their native soil, formed another and a still more important one captives taken in war formed a third; fugitives, hired servants, merchants, etc., formed a fourth. With the exception of the Moabites and Ammonites,
De 23:3
all nations were admissible to the rights of citizenship under certain conditions. The stranger appears to have been eligible to all civil offices, that of king excepted.
De 17:15
In regard to religion, it was absolutely necessary that the stranger should not infringe any of the fundamental laws of the Israelitish state. If he were a bondman, he was obliged to submit to circumcision,
if he were independent, it was optional with him but if he remained uncircumcised, he was prohibited from partaking of the Passover,
and could not be regarded as a full citizen. Liberty was also given to an uncircumcised stranger in regard to the use of prohibited food. Assuming, however, that the stranger was circumcised, no distinction existed in regard to legal rights ha between the stranger and the Israelite; to the Israelite is enjoined to treat him as a brother.
Le 19:34; De 10:19
It also appears that the "stranger" formed the class whence the hirelings were drawn; the terms being coupled together in
The liberal spirit of the Mosaic regulations respecting strangers presents a strong contrast to the rigid exclusiveness of the Jews at the commencement of the Christian era. The growth of this spirit dates from the time of the Babylonish captivity.
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And also a great mixture went up with them; and sheep and oxen, very much cattle.
And every servant of a man bought with silver, and thou hast circumcised him, then he shall eat of it
And when a stranger shall sojourn with thee, and do the passing over to Jehovah, all the males to him being circumcised, and then he shall draw near to do it; and he was as a native of the land: and every one uncircumcised shall not eat of it.
As the native among you shall be to you the stranger sojourning with you; thou shalt love him as thyself; for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt: I Jehovah your God.
And any stranger shall not eat the holy thing: a sojourner of the priest and a hireling shall not eat the holy thing.
And the Sabbath of the land shall be to you for food; to thee and to thy servant, and to thy maid, and to thy hireling, and to thine inhabitant sojourning with thee.
As the hireling, as the sojourner, he shall be with thee; till the year of jubilee he shall serve with thee;
And love ye the stranger, for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt
Setting, thou shalt set over thee a king whom Jehovah thy God shall choose in him: from the midst of thy brethren thou shalt set over thee a king: thou shalt not be able to set over thee a foreigner who is not of thy brethren.
Watsons
STRANGER. Moses inculcated and enforced by numerous and by powerful considerations, as well as by various examples of benevolent hospitality, mentioned in the book of Genesis, the exhibition of kindness and humanity to strangers. There were two classes of persons who, in reference to this subject, were denominated strangers, ????. One class were those who, whether Hebrews or foreigners, were destitute of a home, in Hebrew ??????. The others were persons who, though not natives, had a home in Palestine; the latter were ????, strangers or foreigners, in the strict sense of the word. Both of these classes, according to the civil code of Moses, were to be treated with kindness, and were to enjoy the same rights with other citizens, Le 19:33-34; 24:16,22; Nu 9:14; 15:14; De 10:18; 23:7; 24:17; 27:19. In the earlier periods of the Hebrew state, persons who were natives of another country, but who had come, either from choice or from necessity to take up their residence among the Hebrews, appear to have been placed in favourable circumstances. At a latter period, namely, in the reigns of David and Solomon, they were compelled to labour on the religious edifices which were erected by those princes; as we may learn from such passages as these: "And Solomon numbered all the strangers that were in the land of Israel, after the numbering wherewith David his father had numbered them; and they were found a hundred and fifty thousand and three thousand and six hundred; and he set three score and ten thousand of them to be bearers of burdens," &c, 1Ch 22:2; 2Ch 2:1,16-17. The exaction of such laborious services from foreigners was probably limited to those who had been taken prisoners in war; and who, according to the rights of war, as they were understood at that period, could be justly employed in any offices, however low and however laborious, which the conqueror thought proper to impose. In the time of Christ, the degenerate Jews did not find it convenient to render to the strangers from a foreign country those deeds of kindness and humanity which were not only their due, but which were demanded in their behalf by the laws of Moses. They were in the habit of understanding by the word ??, neighbour, their friends merely, and accordingly restricted the exercise of their benevolence by the same narrow limits that bounded in this case their interpretations; contrary as both were to the spirit of those passages which have been adduced above, Le 19:18.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
Thou shalt not avenge thyself nor keep anger with the sons of thy people, and didst love thy neighbor as thyself. I Jehovah.
And when a stranger shall sojourn with thee in your land, ye shall not oppress him. As the native among you shall be to you the stranger sojourning with you; thou shalt love him as thyself; for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt: I Jehovah your God.
And he vilifying the name of Jehovah, dying, shall die; stoning, all the assembly shall stone him: as the stranger so the native, in his vilifying the name, he shall die.
One judgment to you; as the stranger so the native shall it be: for I Jehovah your God.
And when a stranger shall sojourn with you, and he did the passover to Jehovah; according to the law of the passover and according to its judgment, so shall he do: one law shall be to you, and to the stranger, and to the native of the land.
And when a stranger shall sojourn with you, or whoever in the midst of you for your generations, and he did a sacrifice, an odor of sweetness to Jehovah; as ye shall do, so shall he do.
He did the judgment of the orphan and the widow, and he loved the stranger to give to him bread and a garment
Thou shalt not abhor an Edomite, for he is thy brother: thou shalt not abhor an Egyptian' for thou wert a stranger in his land.
Thou shalt not turn away the judgment of the stranger, the fatherless; and thou shalt not take as a pledge the garment of the widow.
Cursing he turning away the judgment of the stranger, the orphan and the widow: and all the people said, Amen.