Reference: Children (Sons) of God
Hastings
There are a few passages in the OT in which the term 'sons of God' is applied to angelic beings (Ge 6:1-4; Job 1:6; 2:1; 38:7; cf. Da 3:25 RV). Once the judges of Israel are referred to as 'gods,' perhaps as appointed by God and vested with His authority (but the passage is very obscure; may the words be ironical?), and, in parallel phrase, as 'sons of the Most High' (Ps 82:6, cf. Joh 10:34; also, Ps 29:1; 89:6 Revised Version margin).
With these exceptions, the term, with the correlative one of 'Father,' designates the relation of men to God and of God to men, with varying fulness of meaning. It is obvious that the use of such a figure has wide possibilities. To call God 'Father' may imply little more than that He is creator and ruler of men (cf. 'Zeus, father of gods and men'); or it may connote some phase of His providence towards a favoured individual or nation; or, again, it may assert that a father's love at its highest is the truest symbol we can frame of God's essential nature and God's disposition towards all men. Similarly, men may conceivably be styled 'children of God' from mere dependence, from special privilege, from moral likeness, or finally from a full and willing response to the Divine Fatherhood in filial love, trust, and obedience. It is, therefore, not surprising that the Scripture facts present a varying and progressive conception of God as Father and of men as His children.
I. In the OT.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called the children of God.
Ye have heard that it hath been said, "Thou shalt love thy neighbour, and hate thine enemy." But I say unto you, Love your enemies, bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you, and pray for those who treat you insolently, and persecute you; read more. that ye may be the children of your Father who is in heaven: for he causeth his sun to rise on the evil and on the good, and tendeth rain on the just and on the unjust.
that ye may be the children of your Father who is in heaven: for he causeth his sun to rise on the evil and on the good, and tendeth rain on the just and on the unjust. For if ye love those who love you, what reward have you? do not even the publicans the same thing? read more. And if ye embrace your brethren only, what do ye extraordinary? do not even the publicans so? Be ye therefore perfect, as your Father who is in heaven is perfect.
TAKE heed that ye do not your alms before men, in order to catch their eye: for otherwise ye have no reward from your Father who is in heaven.
but if ye forgive not to men their offences, neither will your Father forgive your offences.
Look on the birds of the air: for they neither sow, nor reap, nor gather into barns; yet your heavenly Father feedeth them. Are you not of more value than they?
At that time Jesus spake and said, I thank thee, O Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that thou hast hid these things from the wise and the intelligent, and hast revealed them to babes:
At that time Jesus spake and said, I thank thee, O Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that thou hast hid these things from the wise and the intelligent, and hast revealed them to babes:
Then shall the righteous shine forth as the sun, in the kingdom of their Father. He that hath ears to hear, let him hear.
And going a little farther, he fell on his face, praying, and saying, My Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me: nevertheless, not as I will, but as thou wilt.
And when ye stand praying, forgive, if ye have a matter against any man: that your Father also who is in heaven may forgive you your trespasses.
But love your enemies, and do good and lend, hoping for nothing in return: and your reward shall be great, and ye shall be the children of the Most High; for he is kind unto the unthankful and to the wicked. Be ye therefore compassionate, as also your Father is compassionate.
All things are given up to me by my Father: and no man knoweth who is the Son, but the Father; and who is the Father, but the Son, and he to whomsoever the Son is pleased to reveal him.
And he said unto them, When ye pray say, Our Father, which art in heaven, hallowed be thy name: thy kingdom come: thy will be done as in heaven so upon earth.
If ye then, evil as ye are, know how to give good gifts to your children; how much more shall your Father, who is in heaven, give his Holy Spirit to those who ask him?
And Jesus crying with a loud voice, said, Father, into thy hands I commit my spirit: and having said this, he expired.
But as many as did receive him, on them he bestowed authority to become children of God, even on those who believe on his name: who were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God. read more. And the Word became incarnate, and tabernacled with us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father,) full of grace and truth.
No man hath seen God at any time; the only begotten Son, who is in the bosom of the Father, he hath thoroughly described him.
Jesus answered and said to him, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God. Nicodemus saith unto him, How can a man be born when he is old? can he enter a second time into his mother's womb, and be born? read more. Jesus replied, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God. That which is born of the flesh is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit.
That which is born of the flesh is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit. Marvel not that I said unto thee, Ye must be born again. read more. The wind bloweth where it will, and thou hearest the sound of it, but knowest not from whence it cometh, nor whither it goeth: just so is every one who is born of the Spirit.
No man can come to me, except the Father who hath sent me draw him: and I will raise him up at the last day.
And he said, Therefore have I informed you, That no man can come to me, except it be given him of my Father.
They answered and said unto him, Our Father is Abraham. Jesus saith unto them, If ye were the children of Abraham, ye would have done the works of Abraham. But now ye seek to kill me, a man who hath told you the truth, which I have heard from God. Abraham did not so. read more. Ye do the works of your father. They said unto him, We are not born of whoredom; we have one Father, even God. Then said Jesus unto them, If God was your Father, ye would have loved me: for I came out from God, and I am coming; neither indeed came I of myself, but he hath sent me.
Jesus answered them, Is it not written in your law, "I said ye are gods?"
and not for that nation only, but that he should collect into one body the children of God wherever dispersed.
Jesus saith to him, I am the way, and the truth, and the life: no man cometh to the Father, but by me.
In that day ye shall know that I am in the Father, and ye in me, and I in you.
Jesus saith to her, Touch me not; for I have not yet ascended to my Father: but go to my brethren, and tell them, I am ascending to my Father, and your Father; to my God, and your God.
but these are written, that ye might believe that Jesus is the Messiah, the Son of God; and that believing ye might have life through his name.
for from him we derive life, and power of motion, and existence; as also some of your own poets have said, "For we are even his offspring."
definitively marked out as the Son of God by miracle, according to the spirit of holiness, by the resurrection of the dead:
For as many as are guided by the Spirit of God, they are the sons of God. For ye have not received a spirit of bondage again unto fear; but ye have received a Spirit of adoption, by which we cry, Abba, Father. read more. The same spirit beareth witness with our spirit, that we are the children of God. But if children, then heirs; heirs indeed of God, and joint-heirs with Christ; if so be we suffer with him, that we may also together with him be glorified. For I reckon that the sufferings of the present moment are not worthy to be placed against the future glory that shall be revealed to us. For the eager expectation of the creation is waiting for the revelation of the children of God. For the creation was made subject to vanity, not voluntarily, but by him who made it subject, in hope that the same creation shall be emancipated from the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the children of God. For we know that the whole creation groaneth together and travaileth in birth to this moment. And not only so, but ourselves also, who have the first-fruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan in ourselves, expecting the adoption, the redemption of our body.
And not only so, but ourselves also, who have the first-fruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan in ourselves, expecting the adoption, the redemption of our body. For by hope we have been saved: now hope seen is not hope; for that which any man seeth how doth he yet hope for? read more. But if we hope for what we see not, we with patience expect it.
For whom he foreknew, he predestinated also to a conformity with the image of his Son, that he might be the first-begotten among many brethren.
For whom he foreknew, he predestinated also to a conformity with the image of his Son, that he might be the first-begotten among many brethren.
who are Israelites; whose is the adoption, and the glory, and the covenants, and the gift of the law, and the sacred service, and the promises;
That is, not the children of the flesh, these are the children of God: but the children of the promise are accounted for the seed.
As also he saith in Hosea, "I will call her which was not my people, my people; and her which was not beloved, beloved. And it shall be in the place where it was said unto them, ye are not my people; there shall they be called the sons of the living God."
And it shall be in the place where it was said unto them, ye are not my people; there shall they be called the sons of the living God."
For there is no difference between either Jew or Greek: for the same Lord of all is rich to all that call upon him. "For every one shall be saved, whosoever calleth on the name of the Lord."
But I say, Did not Israel know? Moses first saith, "I will excite your jealousy by what is no nation, and by an ignorant people will I provoke you to wrath."
But before the faith came, we were in ward under the law, shut up together for the faith that should be revealed.
For ye are all the sons of God through faith in Christ Jesus.
NOW I affirm, that as long as the heir is an infant, he differeth nothing from a servant, though he be master of all; but is under tutors and trustees until the time fixed by his father. read more. So we also, when we were infants, were in bondage under the first elementary principles of the world: but when the fulness of time was come, God sent forth his Son born of a woman, born under the law, that he might redeem those who were under the law, that we might receive the adoption of sons. But because ye are sons, God hath sent forth the Spirit of his Son into your hearts, crying, Abba, Father! Therefore thou art no more a slave, but a son, and if a son, an heir also of God through Christ.
Therefore thou art no more a slave, but a son, and if a son, an heir also of God through Christ.
So we, brethren, as Isaac, are the children of the promise.
having predestinated us for his adopted children by Jesus Christ unto himself, according to the good pleasure of his will, to the praise of the glory of his grace, whereby he hath made us acceptable in that beloved one; read more. in whom we have redemption through his blood, even the forgiveness of sins, according to the riches of his grace; wherein he hath abounded towards us with all wisdom and intelligence, having made known to us the mystery of his will, according to his good pleasure, which he purposed in himself; at the dispensation of the fulness of the appointed times to gather together under one head all things in Christ, whether they be things in heaven or things in earth, in him: in whom also we have obtained our inheritance, predestinated according to the purpose of him who effectually worketh all things according to the counsel of his own will: that we should be to the praise of his glory, who first had hope in Christ. In whom ye also [trusted] after ye had heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation; in whom also, having believed, ye have been sealed with the holy Spirit of promise, which is the earnest of our inheritance, until the final redemption, acquired by him, come, to the praise of his glory.
which is the earnest of our inheritance, until the final redemption, acquired by him, come, to the praise of his glory. For this cause I also, since I heard of your faith in the Lord Jesus, and the love ye have to all saints, read more. have not ceased offering up my praises for you, making mention of you in my prayers, that the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, would give you the spirit of wisdom and revelation by the knowledge of him; the eyes of your understanding being enlightened, that you may know what is the hope to which he hath called you, and what the riches of the glory of his inheritance for the saints,
that ye may be blameless and harmless, the children of God, inoffensive, in the midst of an untoward and perverse generation, among whom ye shine as luminaries in the world;
For to which of the angels ever said he, "My Son art thou, I have to-day begotten thee?" And again, "I will be to him a Father, and he shall be to me a Son?"
But we see Jesus for a little while made lower than angels, by the suffering of death, crowned with glory and honour, that, by the grace of God, he might taste of death for every one. For it became him, for whom are all things, and by whom are all things, in bringing many sons unto glory, to perfect the Author of their salvation by sufferings. read more. For both he that sanctifies, and they who are sanctified, are all of one. For which cause he is not ashamed to call them brethren, saying, "I will declare thy name to my brethren, in the midst of the church I will sing hymns to thee." And again, "I will place my confidence in him." And again, "Behold! Here am I, and the children which God hath given me." Seeing therefore that the children have partaken of flesh and blood, he also himself, in exact resemblance, partook of the same, that by death he might destroy him who held the power of death, that is, the devil; and deliver those, even as many as through their whole life were subjects of bondage to the fear of death. For he verily took not on him the angelic nature, but assumed that of the seed of Abraham. Wherefore he ought in all things to be made like to his brethren, in order to become a merciful and faithful high-priest in those things which relate to God, to make a propitiation for the sins of the people: for inasmuch as he hath himself suffered, having been tempted, he is able to succour those who are tempted.
As yet ye have not resisted unto blood, struggling against sin. And have you forgotten the exhortation which is addressed to you, as children, "My son, count not lightly of the Lord's childlike correction, nor faint when under his rebuke: read more. for whom the Lord loveth he correcteth, and scourgeth every son whom he receiveth." If ye patiently endure correction, God carries himself towards you as his children: for who is the son whom the father doth not correct? If then ye are without correction, of which all are partakers, then are ye bastards, and not children. If then we have had the fathers of our flesh for correctors, and reverenced them; shall we not much more be under subjection to the Father of spirits, and live? For they indeed for a few days as seemed proper to themselves corrected us; but he for our own advantage, that we might be partakers of his holiness. Now all correction at the moment seemeth not to be cause for joy, but for sorrow; but after a while it produceth peaceable fruit of righteousness to those who have thereby been disciplined. Wherefore stretch out again the hands that hang down, and the paralytic knees; and make strait paths for your feet, that what is halting may not be turned out of the way; but that it may rather be healed.
Every good gift, and every perfect gift, is from above, descending from the father of illuminations, with whom there is no variableness, nor shadow of change. Of his own choice he produced us by the word of truth, that we might be a sort of first fruit of his creatures.??19 Wherefore, my beloved brethren, let every man be swift to hear, slow to speak, slow to wrath.
Pure religion and undefiled with God even the Father is this, To pay diligent attention to the orphans and widows in their affliction, and to preserve himself spotless from the world.
With it we bless God even the Farther; and with the same we curse men, though after the likeness of God.
Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who according to his abundant mercy hath begotten us again unto an animating hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead,
And if ye invoke him as Father, who without respect of persons judgeth according to every man's work, conduct yourselves during the time of your sojourning with [jealous] fear:
born again, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, by the quickening word of God, and which abideth for ever.
WHEREFORE putting far away wickedness of every kind, and all deceit, and hypocrisies, and envyings, and all backbitings, as new-born babes desire earnestly the unadulterated milk of the word, that ye may grow thereby: read more. if so be ye have tasted that the Lord is gracious. Whom approaching, as the living stone, rejected indeed of men, but elect of God, and honourable, ye also, as living stones, are built up, a spiritual house, a holy priesthood, to offer spiritual sacrifices, well pleasing to God through Jesus Christ. Wherefore also it is contained in the scripture, "Behold, I lay in Sion a cornerstone, elect, precious, and the believer on him shall never be confounded." By you therefore who believe is he honoured: but respecting the disobedient, "the stone which the builders rejected, this very stone is become the head of the corner, and a stone of stumbling, and rock of offence," to those who stumble at the word, disobedient; whereunto also they were appointed. But ye are an elect race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people acquired by purchase; that ye should publish abroad the excellencies of him, who hath called you out of darkness into his marvellous light: who in time past were not a people, but are now the people of God; who had not obtained mercy, but are now the objects of mercy.
who in time past were not a people, but are now the people of God; who had not obtained mercy, but are now the objects of mercy.
For every thing which is in the world, the lust of the flesh, and the lust of the eyes, and the pomp of life, is not of the Father, but is of the world.
Every one that denieth the Son, neither doth he hold the Father; but he that acknowledgeth the Son, holdeth the Father also.
If ye know that he is righteous, know that every one who practises righteousness is born of him.
Beloved, now are we the children of God, and it is not yet evident what we shall be: but we know that when he shall appear, we shall be like him; because we shall see him as he is.
Every one who is born of God, doth not practise sin, because his seed abideth in him: and he cannot sin, because he is born of God.
Beloved, let us love one another; because love is from God, and every one who loveth is born of God, and knoweth God.
EVERY one who believeth that Jesus is the Messiah, is born of God; and every one who loveth him that begat, loveth him also who is begotten by him.
Because every one that is born of God overcometh the world: and this is the victory which overcometh the world, our faith.
He that overcometh shall inherit all things, and I will be to him a God, and he shall be to me a son. But to those who shrink back through fear, and to the infidels, and to the abominable, and to murderers, and to whoremongers, and to those who use magical incantations, and to idolaters, and to all liars, is their portion [appointed] in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone; which is the second death.