Reference: Eucharist
Hastings
This is the earliest title for the sacrament of the body and blood of Christ. It is found in Ignatius and the Didache, and is based upon the eucharistia or giving of thanks with which our Lord set apart the bread and wine at the Last Supper as memorials of Himself (Mt 26:27; Lu 22:17,19; 1Co 11:24). The name Lord's Supper, though legitimately derived from 1Co 11:20, is not there applied to the sacrament itself, but to the Love-feast or Agape, a meal commemorating the Last Supper, and not yet separated from the Eucharist when St. Paul wrote. The irregularities rebuked by the Apostle (1Co 11:21,29) are such as could only have accompanied the wider celebration, and doubtless contributed to the speedy separation of the essential rite from the unnecessary accessories. The title Communion comes from 1Co 10:16, where, however, the word is a predicate not used technically. The breaking of (the) bread (Ac 2:42,46) probably refers to the Eucharist (cf. Ac 20:7; Lu 24:35?), but until modern times does not seem to have been adopted as a title.
1. The institution is recorded by each of the Synoptic Gospels, but not by St. John. A fourth account appears in 1 Corinthians.
As they were eating, he took bread, and when he had blessed, he brake it, and gave to them, and said. Take ye: this is my body. And he took a cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave to them: and they all drank of it. And he said unto them, This is my blood of the covenant, which is shed for many. Verily I say unto you, I will no more drink of the fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new in the kingdom of God.
As they were eating, Jesus took bread, and blessed, and brake it; and he gave to the disciples, and said, Take, eat: this is my body. And he took a cup, and gave thanks, and gave to them, saying, Drink ye all of it; for this is my blood of the covenant, which is shed for many unto remission of sins. But I say unto you, I will not drink henceforth of this fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father's kingdom.
Lu 22:14-20.
When the hour was come, he sat down, and the apostles with him. And he said unto them, With desire I have desired to eat this passover with you before I suffer: for I say unto you, I will not eat it, until it be fulfilled in the kingdom of God. And he received a cup, and when he had given thanks, he said, Take this, and divide it among yourselves: for I say unto you, I will not drink from henceforth of the fruit of the vine, until the kingdom of God shall come. And he took bread, and when he had given thanks, he brake it, and gave to them, saying, This is my body [which is given for you: this do in remembrance of me. And the cup in like manner after supper, saying. This cup is the new covenant in my blood, even that which is poured out for you].
I received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you, how that the Lord Jesus in the night in which he was betrayed took bread; and when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said. This is my body, which is for you: this do in remembrance of me. In like manner also the cup, after supper, saying, This cup is the new covenant in my blood: this do, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me.
A comparison shows variations of minor importance between Mark and Matthew. But the most remarkable differences are those of Luke, which mentions what is apparently a second cup. It seems scarcely credible that at a supreme moment, like that in which a sacred rite was being established, our Lord should have created the possibility of confusion by solemnly delivering two of the Paschal cups, dividing between them the words which, according to the other Synoptics, belong, as it would seem appropriately, to one. Nor, if He were about to ballow a succeeding cup as Eucharistic, is it likely that He would have spoken of the fulfilment of the Paschal wine in relation to another (Lu 22:17). In spite, therefore, of the fact that the majority of MSS and Versions favour its inclusion, Westcott and Hort are probably right in regarding the passage inclosed in brackets above as an interpolation. With this omitted, the narrative is assimilated to the other Synoptics. The inversion of bread and cup, which now becomes apparent and which probably belongs not to Luke but to his source, is perhaps due to the fact that the writer, dwelling on the Lord's intention that the Passover should be fulfilled in a Messianic rite, records at the opening of his narrative a declaration similar to that which Matthew and Mark assign to a later stage, the delivery of the cup (Mt 26:29; Mr 14:25). These words, though referring more particularly to the Eucharistic bread, yet, as extending to the whole meal ('this passover'), require no mention of the action that would accompany them; whereas the companion statement concerning the fruit of the vine (Lu 22:18) necessitates the mention of the cup (Lu 22:17). The first half of Lu 22:19 (the consecration of the bread), which, if the account were symmetrical, would appear (as arranged in Rush-brooke's Synopticon) before Lu 22:15, is then added to complete the institution. A copyist, assuming a part of the narrative to be wanting, would then introduce, probably from a contemporary liturgical formula, the second half of Lu 22:19 and Lu 22:20, which bear a striking resemblance to the Pauline account, of which Luke is otherwise independent. A similar inversion is found in the sub-Apostolic Teaching of the Apostles.
2. From the Synoptic record the following inferences may be drawn: (1) The words of institution cannot themselves determine the meaning of the rite. Luke (unless v. 20 be genuine) omits 'This is my blood of the covenant.' [Notice also that the other traditional form varies the phrase
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And when your children ask you, 'What manner of service is this ye do?' Ye shall say, 'It is the sacrifice of the LORD's Passover, which passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, as he smote the Egyptians and saved our houses.'" Then the people bowed themselves and worshipped.
Ye shall say, 'It is the sacrifice of the LORD's Passover, which passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, as he smote the Egyptians and saved our houses.'" Then the people bowed themselves and worshipped.
In one house shall it be eaten. Ye shall carry none of the flesh out at the doors: moreover, see that ye break not a bone thereof.
And they rose up in the morning and offered burnt offerings, and brought offerings of atonement also. And then they sat them down to eat and drink, and rose up again to play.
"Thou shalt not offer the blood of my sacrifice with leavened bread: neither shall ought of the sacrifice of the feast of Passover, be left unto the morning.
and shall bring it unto Aaron's sons, the priests. And one of them shall take thereout his handful of the flour, and of the oil with all the frankincense, and burn it for a memorial upon the altar: an offering of a sweet savour unto the LORD.
and shall heave up part of the meat offering for a memorial, and shall burn it upon the altar: an offering of a sweet savour unto the LORD.
And the priest shall burn part of the beaten corn and part of that oil, with all the frankincense, for a remembrance. That is an offering unto the LORD."'
And let him bring it to the priest, and the priest shall take his handful of it and burn it upon the altar for a remembrance to be a sacrifice for the LORD: that is a sin offering.
And the flesh of the thank offering of his peace offerings shall be eaten the same day that it is offered, and there shall none of it be laid up until the morning. "'If it be a vow or a freewill offering that he bringeth, the same day that he offereth it, it shall be eaten, and that which remaineth may be eaten on the morrow: read more. but as much of the offered flesh as remaineth unto the third day shall be burned with fire. For if any of the flesh of the peace offerings be eaten the third day then shall he that offered it obtain no favour, neither shall it be reckoned unto him: but shall be an abomination, and the soul that eateth of it shall bear the sin thereof. The flesh that toucheth any unclean thing shall not be eaten, but burnt with fire: and all that be clean in their flesh, may eat flesh. If any soul eat of the flesh of the peace offerings, that pertain unto the LORD, and his uncleanness yet upon him, the same soul shall perish from among his people. Moreover if a soul touch any unclean thing, whether it be the uncleanness of man or of any unclean beast or any abomination that is unclean: and then eat of the flesh of the peace offerings which pertain unto the LORD, that soul shall perish from his people.'"
and put pure frankincense upon the rows. And it shall be bread of remembrance, and an offering to the LORD.
and he shall take a handful of the memorial offering and burn it upon the altar, and then make her drink the water.
and said, "We are defiled upon a dead corpse, wherefore are we kept back that we may not offer an offering unto the LORD in the due season, among the children of Israel?"
But if a man be clean and not let in a journey, and yet was negligent to offer Passover, the same soul shall perish from his people, because he brought not an offering unto the LORD in his due season: and he shall bear his sin.
Also, when ye be merry in your feast days and in the first days of your months, ye shall blow the trumpets over your burnt sacrifices and peaceofferings, that it may be a remembrance of you before your God. I am the LORD your God."
but ye shall enquire the place which the LORD your God shall have chosen out of all your tribes to put his name there and there to dwell.
And ye shall rejoice before the LORD your God, both ye, your sons and your daughters, your servants and your maids and the Levite that is within your gates for he hath neither part nor inheritance with you.
And now, lo: I have brought the first fruits of the land which the LORD hath given me.' And set it before the LORD thy God, and worship before the LORD thy God, and rejoice over all the good things which the LORD thy God hath given unto thee and unto thine house, both thou the Levite and the stranger that is among you.
But Samuel answered, "How shall I go? For Saul shall hear it and will kill me." And the LORD said, "Take a heifer with thee, and say thou goest to offer to the LORD.
Then said Samuel to Jesse, "Are here all thy children?" And he said, "The youngest is yet behind. Behold, he keepeth the sheep." Then Samuel said unto Jesse, "Send and fetch him for we will not sit down, till he be come hither."
Yea, even he shall build up the temple of the LORD. He shall bear the praise, he shall sit upon the LORD's throne, and have the domination. A priest shall he be also upon his throne, and a peaceable counsel shall be betwixt them both.
In this: that ye offer unclean bread upon mine altar. And if ye will say, 'Wherein have we offered any unclean thing unto thee?' In this that ye say: the altar of the LORD is not to be regarded.
But ye have unhallowed it, in that ye say, 'The altar of the LORD is not to be regarded, and the thing that is set thereupon, not worthy to be eaten.'
As they did eat, Jesus took bread and gave thanks, brake it, and gave it to the disciples, and said, "Take. Eat. This is my body." And he took the cup, and thanked, and gave it them, saying, "Drink of it every one.
And he took the cup, and thanked, and gave it them, saying, "Drink of it every one. This is my blood of the new testament, that shall be shed for many, for the forgiveness of sins.
This is my blood of the new testament, that shall be shed for many, for the forgiveness of sins. I say unto you, I will not drink henceforth of this fruit of the vine tree, until that day, when I shall drink it new with you in my father's kingdom."
I say unto you, I will not drink henceforth of this fruit of the vine tree, until that day, when I shall drink it new with you in my father's kingdom."
And he ordained the twelve that they should be with him, and that he might send them to preach.
And at even, he came with the twelve.
And as they ate, Jesus took bread, blessed and brake it and gave it to them and said, "Take, eat; This is my body." And he took the cup, gave thanks, and gave it to them, and they drank all of it. read more. And he said unto them, "This is my blood, of the New Testament, which is shed for many. Verily I say unto you, I will drink no more of this fruit of the vine, until that day that I shall drink it new in the kingdom of God."
Verily I say unto you, I will drink no more of this fruit of the vine, until that day that I shall drink it new in the kingdom of God."
And when the hour was come, he sat down: and the twelve apostles with him. And he said unto them, "I have inwardly desired to eat this Easter lamb with you before that I suffer.
And he said unto them, "I have inwardly desired to eat this Easter lamb with you before that I suffer.
And he said unto them, "I have inwardly desired to eat this Easter lamb with you before that I suffer. For I say unto you, Henceforth, I will not eat of it any more, until it be fulfilled in the kingdom of God." read more. And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and said, "Take this, and divide it among you.
And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and said, "Take this, and divide it among you.
And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and said, "Take this, and divide it among you.
And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and said, "Take this, and divide it among you. For I say unto you, I will not drink of the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God be come."
For I say unto you, I will not drink of the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God be come." And he took bread, gave thanks, and brake it, and gave it unto them, saying, "This is my body which is given for you. This do in the remembrance of me."
And he took bread, gave thanks, and brake it, and gave it unto them, saying, "This is my body which is given for you. This do in the remembrance of me."
And he took bread, gave thanks, and brake it, and gave it unto them, saying, "This is my body which is given for you. This do in the remembrance of me."
And he took bread, gave thanks, and brake it, and gave it unto them, saying, "This is my body which is given for you. This do in the remembrance of me." Likewise also, when they had supped, he took the cup saying, "This cup is the new testament, in my blood, which shall for you be shed.
Likewise also, when they had supped, he took the cup saying, "This cup is the new testament, in my blood, which shall for you be shed. "Yet behold, the hand of him that betrayeth me, is with me on the table.
And there was a strife among them, which of them should be taken for the greatest. And he said unto them, "The kings of the gentiles reign over them; And they that bear rule over them, are called gracious Lords. read more. But ye shall not be so. But he that is greatest among you, shall be as the youngest: And he that is chief, shall be as the minister. For whether is greater, he that sitteth at meat: or he that serveth? Is not he that sitteth at meat? And I am among you, as he that ministereth. Ye are they which have bidden with me in my temptations. And I appoint unto you a kingdom, as my father hath appointed to me: that ye may eat, and drink at my table in my kingdom and sit on seats, and judge the twelve tribes of Israel." And the Lord said, "Simon, Simon, behold Satan hath desired you, to sift you, as it were wheat: But I have prayed for thee that thy faith fail not. And when thou art converted, strengthen thy brethren." And he said unto him, "Lord, I am ready to go with thee into prison, and to death." And he said, "I tell thee Peter, the cock shall not crow this day, till thou have thrice denied that thou knowest me."
And they told what things was done in the way, and how they knew him in breaking of bread.
And the Jews strove among themselves, saying, "How can this fellow give us his flesh to eat?" Then Jesus said unto them, "Verily, verily I say unto you, Except ye eat the flesh of the son of man, and drink his blood, ye shall not have life in you. read more. Whosoever eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood, the same hath eternal life: And I will raise him up at the last day. For my flesh is meat indeed: and my blood is drink indeed. He that eateth my flesh and drinketh my blood, dwelleth in me: and I in him. As the living father hath sent me, even so live I by my father: and he that eateth me, shall live by me. This is the bread which came from heaven: not as your fathers have eaten manna and are dead. He that eateth of this bread, shall live ever."
It is the spirit that quickeneth, the flesh profiteth nothing. The words that I speak unto you are spirit and life.
These things were done that the scripture should be fulfilled, 'Ye shall not break a bone of him.'
These things were done that the scripture should be fulfilled, 'Ye shall not break a bone of him.'
And they continued in the Apostles' doctrine and fellowship, and in breaking of bread, and in prayer.
And they continued daily with one accord in the temple, and brake bread in every house, and did eat their meat together with gladness and singleness of heart, praising God,
And on the morrow after the Sabbath day the disciples came together for to break bread, and Paul preached unto them, ready to depart on the morrow; and continued the preaching unto midnight.
Purge therefore the old leaven, that ye may be new dough, as ye are sweet bread. For Christ our Easter lamb is offered up for us.
Even so also did the Lord ordain, that they which preach the gospel, should live of the gospel.
Is not the cup of blessing which we bless, partaking of the blood of Christ? Is not the bread which we break, partaking of the body of Christ?
Is not the cup of blessing which we bless, partaking of the blood of Christ? Is not the bread which we break, partaking of the body of Christ?
Is not the cup of blessing which we bless, partaking of the blood of Christ? Is not the bread which we break, partaking of the body of Christ?
Is not the cup of blessing which we bless, partaking of the blood of Christ? Is not the bread which we break, partaking of the body of Christ? Because that we - though we be many - yet are one bread, and one body inasmuch as we all are partakers of one bread. read more. Behold Israel which walketh carnally. Are not they which eat of the sacrifice, partakers of the altar?
Nay, but I say, that these things which the gentiles offer, they offer to devils, and not to God. And I would not that ye should have fellowship with the devils. Ye cannot drink of the cup of the Lord, and of the cup of the devils. Ye can not be partakers of the Lord's table, and of the table of devils.
Ye cannot drink of the cup of the Lord, and of the cup of the devils. Ye can not be partakers of the Lord's table, and of the table of devils.
This I warn you of, and commend not that ye come together: not after a better manner but after a worse. First of all, when ye come together in the congregation, I hear that there is dissension among you: And I partly believe it. read more. For there must be sects among you, that they which among you are perfect might be known. When ye come together in one place, a man cannot eat the Lord's supper.
When ye come together in one place, a man cannot eat the Lord's supper. For every man beginneth afore to eat his own supper. And one is hungry, and another is drunken.
For every man beginneth afore to eat his own supper. And one is hungry, and another is drunken.
For every man beginneth afore to eat his own supper. And one is hungry, and another is drunken. Have ye not houses to eat and to drink in? Or else despise ye the congregation of God? And shame them that have not? What shall I say unto you? Shall I praise you? In this praise I you not.
Have ye not houses to eat and to drink in? Or else despise ye the congregation of God? And shame them that have not? What shall I say unto you? Shall I praise you? In this praise I you not. That which I delivered unto you I received of the Lord. For the Lord Jesus the same night in the which he was betrayed, took bread,
That which I delivered unto you I received of the Lord. For the Lord Jesus the same night in the which he was betrayed, took bread, and thanked and brake, and said, "Take ye, and eat ye. This is my body which is broken for you. This do ye in the remembrance of me."
and thanked and brake, and said, "Take ye, and eat ye. This is my body which is broken for you. This do ye in the remembrance of me."
and thanked and brake, and said, "Take ye, and eat ye. This is my body which is broken for you. This do ye in the remembrance of me." After the same manner he took the cup when supper was done saying, "This cup is the new testament in my blood, this do as oft as ye drink it, in the remembrance of me."
After the same manner he took the cup when supper was done saying, "This cup is the new testament in my blood, this do as oft as ye drink it, in the remembrance of me."
After the same manner he took the cup when supper was done saying, "This cup is the new testament in my blood, this do as oft as ye drink it, in the remembrance of me." For as often as ye shall eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye shall show the Lord's death, till he come.
For as often as ye shall eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye shall show the Lord's death, till he come.
For as often as ye shall eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye shall show the Lord's death, till he come.
For as often as ye shall eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye shall show the Lord's death, till he come. Wherefore whosoever shall eat of this bread, or drink of the cup unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord.
Wherefore whosoever shall eat of this bread, or drink of the cup unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord.
Wherefore whosoever shall eat of this bread, or drink of the cup unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord. Let a man therefore examine himself, and so let him eat of the bread and drink of the cup. read more. For he that eateth or drinketh unworthily, eateth and drinketh his own damnation, because he maketh no difference of the Lord's body.
For he that eateth or drinketh unworthily, eateth and drinketh his own damnation, because he maketh no difference of the Lord's body.
For he that eateth or drinketh unworthily, eateth and drinketh his own damnation, because he maketh no difference of the Lord's body.
For he that eateth or drinketh unworthily, eateth and drinketh his own damnation, because he maketh no difference of the Lord's body. For this cause many are weak and sick among you, and many sleep. read more. If we had truly judged ourselves, we should not have been judged.
If we had truly judged ourselves, we should not have been judged. But when we are judged of the Lord we are chastened, because we should not be damned with the world. read more. Wherefore my brethren, when ye come together to eat, tarry one for another. If any man hunger, let him eat at home, that ye come not together unto condemnation. Other things will I set in order when I come.
For first of all, I delivered unto you that which I received: how that Christ died for our sins, agreeing to the scriptures,
I marvel that ye are so soon turned from him that called you in the grace of Christ, unto another gospel: which is nothing else, but that there be some which trouble you, and intend to pervert the gospel of Christ. read more. Nevertheless, though we ourselves, or an angel from heaven, preach any other gospel unto you than that which we have preached unto you, hold him as accursed. As I said before, so say I now again, if any man preach any other thing unto you, than that ye have received, hold him accursed.
Of the things which we have spoken, this is the sum: that we have such a high priest, that is sitten on the righthand of the seat of majesty in heaven;
By the which will we are sanctified, by the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all.
For with one offering hath he made perfect forever them that are sanctified.
Seeing, brethren, that by the means of the blood of Jesus, we may be bold to enter into that holy place, by the new and living way, which he hath prepared for us, through the veil, that is to say by his flesh. read more. And seeing also that we have a high priest which is ruler over the house of God, let us draw nigh with a true heart in a full faith sprinkled in our hearts, from an evil conscience, and washed in our bodies with pure water,
and am alive, and was dead. And behold I am alive for evermore, and have the keys of hell and of death.
And I beheld, and lo, in the midst of the seat and of the four beasts, and in the midst of the elders, stood a lamb as though he had been killed, which had seven horns and seven eyes, which are the spirits of God, sent into all the world.
Morish
See LORD'S SUPPER.
Watsons
EUCHARIST, the sacrament of the Lord's Supper. The word, in its original Greek, ??????????, properly signifies giving thanks; from the hymns and thanksgivings which accompanied that holy service in the primitive church. See LORD'S SUPPER.