Reference: Stranger
American
Is sometimes used in a special sense, easily understood from the context. It usually denotes a foreigner, who is not a native of the land in which he resides, Ge 23:4. The Mosaic Law enjoined a generous hospitality towards foreign residents, saying, "Thou shalt love him as thyself," Le 19:33-34; De 10:18-19; 24:17; 27:19. They were subject to the law, Ex 20:10; Le 16:20, and were admitted to many of the privileges of the chosen people of God, Nu 9:14; 15:14. The strangers whom David collected to aid in building the temple, 1Ch 22:2, probably comprised many of the remnants of the Canaanite tribes, 1Ki 9:20-21. Hospitality to strangers, including all travellers, was the duty of all good citizens, Job 31:32; Heb 13:2.
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A sojourner and settler, am I with you, - Give me a possession of a buryingplace with you, That I may bury my dead, from before me.
but, the seventh day, is a sabbath unto Yahweh thy God, - thou shalt do no work, thou nor thy son nor thy daughter nor thy servant, nor thy handmaid, nor thy beast, nor thy sojourner who is within thy gates,
And, when he hath made an end of covering by propitiation the holy place, and the tent of meeting, and the altar, then shall he bring near the living goat.
And, when there sojourneth with thee a sojourner in your land, ye shall not oppress him: As one home born from among yourselves, shall be unto you the sojourner who sojourneth with you, So shalt thou love him as thyself, For, sojourners, became ye, in the land of Egypt, - I - Yahweh, am your God.
When moreover there may sojourn with you a sojourner, who would keep a passover unto Yahweh, according to the statute of the passover, and according to the regulation thereof, so, must he keep it , - one statute, shall there be for you, both for the sojourner and for the native of the land.
And when there shall sojourn with you a sojourner, or one who is in your midst to your generations, and he would offer an altar-flame of a satisfying odour unto Yahweh, as ye offer, so, shall he offer,
executing the vindication of the orphan and the widow, - and loving sojourner, giving him food and raiment. Therefore shall ye love the sojourner, - for sojourners, became ye in the land of Egypt.
Thou shalt not pervert the judgment of the sojourner or the fatherless, - neither shalt thou take in pledge the garment of a widow;
Cursed, be he that perverteth the right of the sojourner, the fatherless, or the widow. And all the people shall say - Amen.
All the people that were left, of the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Hivites and the Jebusites, who were, not of the sons of Israel; their sons, who were left after them in the land, whom the sons of Israel were not able to devote to destruction, Solomon levied them for a toiling labour-band which remaineth unto this day.
And David gave word, to gather together the sojourners, who were in the land of Israel, - and he set hewers to hew squared stones, for building the house of God;
Outside, the sojourner lodged not for the night, My doors - to the wayfarer, I threw open.
Of the entertaining of strangers, be not forgetful, for, hereby, unawares, have some entertained, messengers.
Easton
This word generally denotes a person from a foreign land residing in Palestine. Such persons enjoyed many privileges in common with the Jews, but still were separate from them. The relation of the Jews to strangers was regulated by special laws (De 23:3; 24:14-21; 25:5; 26:10-13). A special signification is also sometimes attached to this word. In Ge 23:4 it denotes one resident in a foreign land; Ex 23:9, one who is not a Jew; Nu 3:10, one who is not of the family of Aaron; Ps 69:8, an alien or an unknown person. The Jews were allowed to purchase strangers as slaves (Le 25:44-45), and to take usury from them (De 23:20).
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A sojourner and settler, am I with you, - Give me a possession of a buryingplace with you, That I may bury my dead, from before me.
And a sojourner, shalt thou not drive away, - seeing that, ye yourselves, know the, soul of a sojourner; for sojourners, became ye in the laud of Egypt.
And as for thy bondman and thy bond-maid which thou shalt have, of the nations that are round about you - from them, may ye buy bondman and bond-maid. Moreover also, of the sons of the settlers who are sojourning with you - of them, may ye buy, and of their families that are with you, which they have begotten in your land, - so shall they become yours, as a possession;
but unto Aaron, and unto his sons, shalt thou give oversight, so shall they keep charge of their priesthood, - and, the stranger who cometh near, shall be put to death.
Neither an Ammonite nor a Moabite shall enter into the convocation of Yahweh, - even to the tenth generation, shall none that belong to them enter into the convocation of Yahweh, unto times age-abiding:
to a foreigner, thou mayest lend on interest, but to thy brother, shalt thou not lend on interest, - that Yahweh thy God may bless thee, in everything where-unto thou puttest thy hand, upon the land which thou art entering to possess.
Thou shalt not oppress a hired servant that is poor and needy, - of thy brethren or of thy sojourners that are in thy land, within thy gates; for his day, shalt thou give his hire neither shall the sun, go in upon it, for, poor, he is, and, unto it, is he lifting up his soul, - lest he cry out against thee, unto Yahweh, and it be, in thee a sin. read more. Fathers shall not be put to death for sons, nor shall sons, be put to death for fathers, - every man, for his own sin, shall he put to death. Thou shalt not pervert the judgment of the sojourner or the fatherless, - neither shalt thou take in pledge the garment of a widow; so shalt thou remember that, a servant, becamest thou in Egypt, and that Yahweh thy God, redeemed thee, from thence, - therefore, am I commanding thee to do this thing. When thou cuttest down thy harvest in thy field and forgettest a sheaf in the field, thou shalt not turn back to fetch it, to the sojourner, to the fatherless, and to the widow, shall it belong, - that Yahweh thy God, may bless thee, in all the Work of thy hands. When thou beatest thine olive-tree, thou shalt not glean after thee, - to the sojourner to the fatherless and to the widow, shall it belong, When thou cuttest off the grapes of thy vineyard, thou shalt not go about picking after thee, - to the sojourner to the fatherless and to the widow, shall it belong:
When brethren dwell together, and one of them dieth, having, no son, the wife of the dead shall not marry outside to a stranger, - her husband's brother, shall go in unto her, and take her unto him to wife and do for her as a husband's brother.
Now, therefore lo! I have brought in the first of the fruit of the soil, which thou hast given unto me, O Yahweh. Thus shalt thou set it down before Yahweh thy God, and shall bow thyself down before Yahweh thy God; and shalt rejoice in all the good things which Yahweh thy God, hath given unto thee, and unto thy house, - thou and the Levite, and the sojourner who is in thy midst. read more. When thou shalt make an end of tithing all the tithe of thine increase in the third year the year of tithing, - and shalt give unto the Levite unto the sojourner, unto the fatherless and unto the widow, and they shall eat within thy gates and be satisfied, then shalt thou say - before Yahweh thy God: - I have carefully removed that which was hallowed out of the house moreover also I have given it unto the Levite, and unto the sojourner unto the fatherless and unto the widow, according to all thy commandment which thou hast commanded me, - I have not transgressed any of thy commandments neither have I forgotten,
One estranged, have I become, to my own brethren, Yea, an alien, to the sons of my own mother;
Fausets
A foreigner settled among the covenant people, without Israelite citizenship, but subject to Israel's laws, and having a claim to kindness and justice (Ex 12:49; Le 24:22; 19:34; 25:6; De 1:16; 24:17-19; 10:18-19; 16:11,14; 26:11). (See PROSELYTES.) In contrast to one "born in the land," not transplanted, "ezrach." Geer, toshab; geer implies the stranger viewed in respect to his foreign origin, literally, one turned aside to "another people"; toshab implies his permanent residence in the hind of hision. Distinguished from the "foreigner," nakri, who made no stay in Israel. The stranger included the "mixed multitude" from Egypt (Ex 12:38); the Canaanites still remaining in Palestine and their descendants, as Uriah the Hittite and Araunah the Jebusite, Doeg the Edomite, Ittai the Gittite; captives in war, fugitives, and merchants, amounting under Solomon to 153,600 males (2Ch 2:17), one tenth of the population.
Strictly, the stranger had no share in the land. It is to be a peculiarity of restored Israel that the stranger shall inherit along with the native born (Eze 47:22). Still anomalies may have been tolerated of necessity, as that of Canaanites (on conversion to the law) retaining land from which Israel had been unable to eject their forefathers. Strangers were excluded from kingship. Though tolerated they must not violate the fundamental laws by blaspheming Jehovah, breaking the sabbath by work, eating leavened bread at the Passover, infringing the marriage laws, worshipping Moloch, or eating blood (Le 24:16; 18:26; 20:2; 17:10,15; Ex 20:10; 12:19). If the stranger were a bondservant he had to be circumcised (Ex 12:44). If free he was exempt, but if not circumcised was excluded from the Passover (Ex 12:48); he might eat foods (De 14:21) which the circumcised stranger might not eat (Le 17:10,15).
The liberal spirit of the law contrasts with the exclusiveness of Judaism after the return from Babylon. This narrowness was at first needed, in order to keep the holy seed separate from foreign admixture (Nehemiah 9; 10; 13; Ezra 10). But its degeneracy into proud, morose isolation and misanthropy our Lord rebukes in His large definition of "neighbour" in the parable of the good Samaritan (Lu 10:36). The law kept Israel a people separate from the nations, yet exercising a benignant influence on them. It secured a body of 600,000 yeomen ready to defend their own land, but unfit for invading other lands, as their force was ordained to be of infantry alone. Interest front a fellow citizen was forbidden, but from a stranger was allowed, subject to strict regard to equity. The hireling was generally taken from strangers, the law guarded his rights with tender considerateness (De 24:14-15). (See NETHINIM; SOLOMON'S SERVANTS.)
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For seven days, leaven, shall not be found in your houses, - for, whosoever eateth what is leavened, then shall that soul be cut off out of the assembly of Israel, whether sojourner or native of the land.
Moreover also, a mixed multitude, came up with them, - flocks also, and herds, exceeding much cattle,
but, every man's servant bought with silver, - when thou hast circumcised him, then, shall he eat thereof:
And when there may sojourn with thee a sojourner who may wish to keep a passover to Yahweh, there must be circumcised to him every male and then, may he draw near to keep it, so shall he be as a native of the land, - but no uncircumcised male, shall eat thereof. One law, shall there be for the native, and for the sojourner that sojourneth in your midst.
but, the seventh day, is a sabbath unto Yahweh thy God, - thou shalt do no work, thou nor thy son nor thy daughter nor thy servant, nor thy handmaid, nor thy beast, nor thy sojourner who is within thy gates,
And, what man soever, there may be of the house of Israel, or of the sojourners that sojourn in their midst, that partaketh of any manner of blood, then will I set my face against the person that partaketh of the blood, and will cut him off from the midst of his people.
And, what man soever, there may be of the house of Israel, or of the sojourners that sojourn in their midst, that partaketh of any manner of blood, then will I set my face against the person that partaketh of the blood, and will cut him off from the midst of his people.
And, in the case of any person who eateth that which died of itself or was torn in pieces, whether he be home-born, or a sojourner, then shall he wash his clothes, and bathe in water, and be unclean until the evening, and then be clean.
And, in the case of any person who eateth that which died of itself or was torn in pieces, whether he be home-born, or a sojourner, then shall he wash his clothes, and bathe in water, and be unclean until the evening, and then be clean.
Ye, therefore, shall observe my statutes and my regulations, and have nothing to do with any of these abominations, - whether the home-born, or the sojourner that sojourneth in your midst;
As one home born from among yourselves, shall be unto you the sojourner who sojourneth with you, So shalt thou love him as thyself, For, sojourners, became ye, in the land of Egypt, - I - Yahweh, am your God.
Unto the sons of Israel, therefore shalt thou say, What man soever, there may be of the sons of Israel, or of the sojourners that sojourn in Israel, that giveth of his seed unto Molech, he shall, surely be put to death, - the people of the land shall stone him with stones;
And, he that contemptuously uttereth the name of Yahweh, shall be, surely put to death, all the assembly shall, surely stone, him, - as the sojourner so the home-born, when he contemptuously-uttereth the Name, he shall be put to death.
One rule, shall ye have, as the sojourner, so the home-born, shall be, - For, I - Yahweh, am your God.
So shall the sabbath of the land be unto you for food: unto thee, and unto thy servant and unto thy handmaid, - and unto thy hireling, and unto thy settlers that are sojourning with thee;
And I charged your judges, at that time, saying, - Ye are to hear between your brethren and shall judge righteously, between each magi and his brother and his sojourner.
executing the vindication of the orphan and the widow, - and loving sojourner, giving him food and raiment. Therefore shall ye love the sojourner, - for sojourners, became ye in the land of Egypt.
Ye shall not eat any thing that dieth of itself: to the sojourner who is within thy gates, mayest thou give it and he may eat it or thou mayest sell it to a foreigner, for a holy people, art thou unto Yahweh thy God. Thou shalt not boil a kid, in the milk of its dam.
So shalt thou rejoice before Yahweh thy God - thou, and thy son and thy daughter and thy servant and thy handmaid, and the Levite who is within thy gates, and the sojourner, and the fatherless and the widow who are in thy midst, - in the place which Yahweh thy God shall choose, to make a habitation for his name there.
And thou shalt rejoice in thy festival, - thou, and thy son and thy daughter, and thy servant and thy handmaid, and the Levite and the sojourner, and the fatherless and the widow, who are within thy gates.
Thou shalt not oppress a hired servant that is poor and needy, - of thy brethren or of thy sojourners that are in thy land, within thy gates; for his day, shalt thou give his hire neither shall the sun, go in upon it, for, poor, he is, and, unto it, is he lifting up his soul, - lest he cry out against thee, unto Yahweh, and it be, in thee a sin.
Thou shalt not pervert the judgment of the sojourner or the fatherless, - neither shalt thou take in pledge the garment of a widow; so shalt thou remember that, a servant, becamest thou in Egypt, and that Yahweh thy God, redeemed thee, from thence, - therefore, am I commanding thee to do this thing. read more. When thou cuttest down thy harvest in thy field and forgettest a sheaf in the field, thou shalt not turn back to fetch it, to the sojourner, to the fatherless, and to the widow, shall it belong, - that Yahweh thy God, may bless thee, in all the Work of thy hands.
and shalt rejoice in all the good things which Yahweh thy God, hath given unto thee, and unto thy house, - thou and the Levite, and the sojourner who is in thy midst.
So Solomon numbered all the men that were sojourners, who were in the land of Israel, after the numbering, wherewith David his father had numbered them, - and they were found to be - a hundred and fifty-three thousand and six hundred.
And it shall come to pass that ye shall divide it by lot as an inheritance, to yourselves and to the sojourners who are sojourning in your midst, who have begotten children in your midst, - so shall they be to you as a native among the sons of Israel with you, shall they cast lots for an inheritance, in the midst of the tribes of Israel.
Hastings
This seems, on the whole, the most suitable English word by which to render the Heb. z
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And he said to Abram - Thou must surely know, that, sojourners, will thy seed become in a land not theirs, and shall serve them and they will humble them, four hundred years;
and said unto them - We cannot do this thing, to give our sister to a man that is uncircumcised, - for a reproach, it would be to us.
For seven days, leaven, shall not be found in your houses, - for, whosoever eateth what is leavened, then shall that soul be cut off out of the assembly of Israel, whether sojourner or native of the land.
And when a man shall smite his servant or his handmaid with a rod, and he die under his hand, he shall, surely be avenged;
And, a sojourner, shalt thou not tread down neither shalt thou drive him away, - for sojourners, ye became in the land of Egypt.
And a sojourner, shalt thou not drive away, - seeing that, ye yourselves, know the, soul of a sojourner; for sojourners, became ye in the laud of Egypt.
And a sojourner, shalt thou not drive away, - seeing that, ye yourselves, know the, soul of a sojourner; for sojourners, became ye in the laud of Egypt.
Six days, shalt thou do thy work, but on the seventh day, shalt thou keep sabbath, - that thine ox may rest and thine ass, and that the son of thy handmaid and the sojourner may be refreshed. And, in all that I have said unto thee, shalt thou take heed to thyself, - and the name of other gods, shalt thou not mention, it shall not be heard upon thy mouth.
thus shall they eat those things wherewith a propitiatory-covering hath been made, to install them, to hallow them, but, a stranger, shall not eat, for holy, they are.
Whosoever compoundeth any like it, and whosoever bestoweth thereof upon a stranger, shall he out off from among his people.
And it shall become unto you, a statute age-abiding, - In the seventh month on the tenth of the month, Shall ye humble you souls And, no work, shall ye do, The home-born, Or the sojourner that sojourneth in your midst;
But, in the fourth year, all the fruit thereof shall be hallowed for a festival of thanksgiving unto Yahweh.
And, no stranger, shall eat what is hallowed, - neither, one who dwelleth with a priest nor a hireling shall eat what is hallowed.
And, when, a priest's daughter, belongeth to a husband, who is a stranger, she, of the heave-offering of the hallowed things, may not eat.
And, when the hand of the sojourner and settler with thee getteth possessions, and thy brother with him, waxeth poor, - and so he selleth himself to the sojourner who is a settler with thee, or to one who hath taken root, of the family of the sojourner,
And, when the habitation is to set forward, the Levites shall take it down, and when the habitation is to be pitched, the Levites, shall set it up, but the stranger that draweth near, shall be put to death.
but unto Aaron, and unto his sons, shalt thou give oversight, so shall they keep charge of their priesthood, - and, the stranger who cometh near, shall be put to death.
But, they who were to encamp before the habitation eastwards before the tent of meeting, towards sunrise, were Moses and Aaron and his sons. to keep the charge of the sanctuary, as the charge of the sons of Israel and, the stranger that came near, was to be put to death.
When moreover there may sojourn with you a sojourner, who would keep a passover unto Yahweh, according to the statute of the passover, and according to the regulation thereof, so, must he keep it , - one statute, shall there be for you, both for the sojourner and for the native of the land.
Therefore also thy brethren of the tribe of Levi the stem of thy father, bring thou near with thee, and let them be joined unto thee, and let them wait upon thee, - both on thee and on thy sons with thee, before the tent of the testimony.
But thou and thy sons with thee, shall keep the charge of your priesthood, as to every matter of the altar and as to the interior of the veil, and shall do the laborious work, as a laborious service of gifts, do I give your priesthood, and, the stranger who cometh near shall be put to death.
but, the seventh day, is a sabbath unto Yahweh thy God, - thou shalt do no work - thou nor thy son nor thy daughter nor thy servant nor thy handmaid nor thine ox nor thine ass nor any of thy cattle, nor thy sojourner who is within thy gates, that thy servant and thy handmaid may rest, as well as thou.
When Yahweh thy God shall bring thee into the land which thou art going in to possess, and shall clear away many nations from before thee - the Hittites and the Girgashites and the Amorites, and the Canaanites and the Perizzites, and the Hivites and the Jebusites - seven nations greater in number and stronger than thou;
executing the vindication of the orphan and the widow, - and loving sojourner, giving him food and raiment.
executing the vindication of the orphan and the widow, - and loving sojourner, giving him food and raiment. Therefore shall ye love the sojourner, - for sojourners, became ye in the land of Egypt.
and the Levite shall come in - because he hath neither portion nor inheritance with thee - and the sojourner and the fatherless and the widow who are within thy gates, and they shall eat and be satisfied, - that Yahweh thy God may bless thee, in all the work of thy hand which thou shalt do.
and the Levite shall come in - because he hath neither portion nor inheritance with thee - and the sojourner and the fatherless and the widow who are within thy gates, and they shall eat and be satisfied, - that Yahweh thy God may bless thee, in all the work of thy hand which thou shalt do.
and the Levite shall come in - because he hath neither portion nor inheritance with thee - and the sojourner and the fatherless and the widow who are within thy gates, and they shall eat and be satisfied, - that Yahweh thy God may bless thee, in all the work of thy hand which thou shalt do.
So shalt thou rejoice before Yahweh thy God - thou, and thy son and thy daughter and thy servant and thy handmaid, and the Levite who is within thy gates, and the sojourner, and the fatherless and the widow who are in thy midst, - in the place which Yahweh thy God shall choose, to make a habitation for his name there.
because they met you not with bread and water, in the way, when ye came forth out of Egypt, - but hired against thee Balaam son of Beer from Pethor of Mesopotamia, to curse thee.
Thou shalt not abhor an Edomite, for thy brother, he is, - thou shalt not abhor an Egyptian, for a sojourner, becamest thou in his land;
Thou shalt not oppress a hired servant that is poor and needy, - of thy brethren or of thy sojourners that are in thy land, within thy gates;
Thou shalt not pervert the judgment of the sojourner or the fatherless, - neither shalt thou take in pledge the garment of a widow;
When thou cuttest down thy harvest in thy field and forgettest a sheaf in the field, thou shalt not turn back to fetch it, to the sojourner, to the fatherless, and to the widow, shall it belong, - that Yahweh thy God, may bless thee, in all the Work of thy hands.
And Moses with the elders of Israel commanded the people saying, - Observe all the commandment which I am commanding you to-day. So then it shall be in the day when ye shall pass over the Jordan, into the land which Yahweh thy God is giving unto thee, - that thou shalt rear thee up great stones, and plaster them with plaster; read more. and shalt write upon them all the words of this law, when thou shalt pass over, - to the end that thou mayest enter upon the land which Yahweh thy God is giving unto thee a land flowing with milk and honey, as Yahweh the God of thy fathers hath spoken unto thee. So then it shall be when ye shall pass over the Jordan, that ye shall rear up these stones which I am commanding you to-day in Mount Ebal, - and thou shalt plaster them with plaster. And thou shalt build there an altar unto Yahweh thy God, - an altar of stones, thou shalt not wield thereupon any tool of iron. Of whole stones, shalt thou build the altar of Yahweh thy God, - then shalt thou cause to go up thereon ascending-sacrifices, unto Yahweh thy God; and thou shalt sacrifice peace-offerings and shalt eat there, - and rejoice before Yahweh thy God. And thou shalt write upon the stones all the words of this law doing it plainly and well. And Moses and the priests the Levites spake unto all Israel saying, - Keep silence and hear O Israel, This day, hast thou been made a people unto Yahweh thy God.
and so it come to pass while he is hearing the words of this oath, that he will bless himself in his heart - saying, Prosperity, shall I have, although in the stubbornness of my heart, I go on, - so that the drunkenness addeth to the thirst:
And two men, captains of bands, pertained to Ish-bosheth son of Saul - the name of the one, was Baanah, and, the name of the other, Rechab - sons of Rimmon the Beerothite, of the sons of Benjamin, - for, even Beeroth, used to be reckoned unto Benjamin;
For, aliens, have risen up against me, And, men of violence, have sought my life, They have not set God before them. Selah.
To rescue thee, from the woman that is a stranger, from the female unknown, who with her speeches seduceth;
Your country - is a desolation, Your cities - are consumed with fire, - Your soil - right before your eyes, foreigners are devouring it, And it is a desolation a very overthrow by foreigners;
Yea I will deliver it Into the hand of foreigners for a prey, And to the lawless ones of the earth for a spoil, And they will profane it;
So will I take you forth out of her midst, and will deliver you into the hand of foreigners, - and will execute upon you judgments.
Foreigners have, eaten up, his strength, and, he, knoweth it not, - even gray hairs, are sprinkled upon him, and, he, knoweth it not.
For, to the wind, they sow, and, to the whirlwind, they reap: stalk, hath it none, That which shooteth forth, shall yield no meal, If so be it yield, foreigners, swallow it lip,
So shall ye know that, I, Yahweh, am your God, making my habitation in Zion my holy mountain, - So shall, Jerusalem, be, holy, and, foreigners, shall pass through her no more.
In the day when thou didst take thy stand over against him, in the day when foreigners took captive his forces, - and, aliens, entered his gates, and, over Jerusalem, cast lots, even thou, wast like one of them!
Alas for you, Scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites: because ye compass sea and dry land, to make one convert - and, when it is done, ye make him a son of gehenna, twofold more than ye.
And this sound occurring the throng came together and was thrown into confusion, because each one severally heard in his own language them who were speaking;
Morish
1. This term was applied to any sojourning among the Israelites, who were not descendants of Israel. The law gave injunctions against the oppression of such. Nu 15:14-30.
2. Gentiles are also called 'strangers' from the covenants of promise (Eph 2:12), showing that the covenants made with Israel did in no wise embrace the Gentiles, though God's grace at all times extended to them.
3. Those called strangers in 1Pe 1:1 were Jews away from their own land: sojourners of the dispersion.
4. Both the O.T. and the N.T. saints were and are strangers upon earth. David said, "I am a stranger with thee, and a sojourner, as all my fathers were." Ps 39:12. They "confessed that they were strangers and pilgrims on the earth." Heb 11:13. The same is true of the saints now. 1Pe 2:11. Their citizenship is in heaven, and this earth is no longer their home or their rest.
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And when there shall sojourn with you a sojourner, or one who is in your midst to your generations, and he would offer an altar-flame of a satisfying odour unto Yahweh, as ye offer, so, shall he offer, In the convocation, one statute, shall there be for you and for the sojourner who sojourneth, - an age-abiding statute unto your generations, as ye are, so, the sojourner, shall be before Yahweh: read more. one law and one regulation, shall there be for yourselves and for the sojourner that sojourneth with you.
Speak unto the sons of Israel, and thou shalt say unto them, - When ye enter into the land whereinto I, am bringing you, then shall it be, when ye eat the bread of the land, that ye shall heave up a heave-offering unto Yahweh. read more. Of the first of your meal, shall ye heave up, a cake, as a heave-offering, - like the heave-offering of grain, so shall ye heave it. Of the first of your meal, shall ye give unto Yahweh a heave-offering, - unto your generations. And when ye shall make a mistake, and not observe all these commandments, - which Yahweh hath spoken unto Moses; even all that Yahweh hath given unto you in command, by the hand of Moses, - from the day that Yahweh gave command, and onward unto your generations, then shall it be - if, any from the eyes of the assembly, it hath been done by mistake, that all the assembly shall offer one choice young bullock for an ascending-sacrifice as a satisfying odour unto Yahweh, with the meal-offering thereof and the drink-offering thereof, according to the regulation, - and one young he-goat as a sin-bearer. So shall the priest put a propitiatory, covering over all the assembly of the sons of Israel and pardon shall be granted unto them, - because a mistake, it was, they, therefore have brought in their offering - an altar-flame unto Yahweh and their sin-bearer before Yahweh for their mistake: and pardon shall be granted unto all the assembly of the sons of Israel and unto the sojourner that sojourneth in their midst, - for, in the case of all the people, it was, by mistake. And if, any one person, shall sin by mistake, then shall he bring near a she-goat of the first year as a sin-bearer; and the priest shall put a propitiatory-covering over the person who hath made the mistake, when he hath sinned by mistake before Yahweh, even put a propitiatory-covering over him, and pardon shall be granted him. For the native born among the sons of Israel, and for the sojourner that sojourneth in their midst, one law, shall there be unto you - for acting by mistake. But, as for the person who acteth with a high hand - of the native born or of the sojourners, Yahweh himself, he, reproacheth, - therefore shall that person
Hear my prayer, O Yahweh, And, unto my cry for help, give ear, At my tears, do not be silent, - For, a sojourner, am, I, with thee, A stranger, like all my fathers.
That ye were, in that season, separate from Christ, alienated from the citizenship of Israel, and strangers from the covenants of promise, having no hope, and godless in the world;
In faith, all these died - not bearing away the promises, but, from afar, beholding and saluting them, and confessing that, strangers and sojourners, were they upon the land.
Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, unto the chosen pilgrims of the dispersion, throughout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia and Bithynia, -
Beloved! I exhort you, as sojourners and pilgrims, to abstain from fleshly covetings, such as take the field against the soul;
Smith
Stranger.
A "stranger," in the technical sense of the term, may be defined to be a person of foreign, i.e. non-Israelitish, extraction resident within the limits of the promised land. He was distinct from the proper "foreigner," inasmuch as the latter still belonged to another country, and would only visit Palestine as a traveller: he was still more distinct from the "nations," or non-Israelite peoples. The term may be compared with our expression "naturalized foreigner." The terms applied to the "stranger" have special reference to the fact of residing in the land. The existence of such a class of persons among the Israelites is easily accounted for the "mixed multitude" that accompanied them out of Egypt,
formed one element the Canaanitish Population,which was never wholly extirpated from their native soil, formed another and a still more important one captives taken in war formed a third; fugitives, hired servants, merchants, etc., formed a fourth. With the exception of the Moabites and Ammonites,
De 23:3
all nations were admissible to the rights of citizenship under certain conditions. The stranger appears to have been eligible to all civil offices, that of king excepted.
De 17:15
In regard to religion, it was absolutely necessary that the stranger should not infringe any of the fundamental laws of the Israelitish state. If he were a bondman, he was obliged to submit to circumcision,
if he were independent, it was optional with him but if he remained uncircumcised, he was prohibited from partaking of the Passover,
and could not be regarded as a full citizen. Liberty was also given to an uncircumcised stranger in regard to the use of prohibited food. Assuming, however, that the stranger was circumcised, no distinction existed in regard to legal rights ha between the stranger and the Israelite; to the Israelite is enjoined to treat him as a brother.
Le 19:34; De 10:19
It also appears that the "stranger" formed the class whence the hirelings were drawn; the terms being coupled together in
The liberal spirit of the Mosaic regulations respecting strangers presents a strong contrast to the rigid exclusiveness of the Jews at the commencement of the Christian era. The growth of this spirit dates from the time of the Babylonish captivity.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
Moreover also, a mixed multitude, came up with them, - flocks also, and herds, exceeding much cattle,
but, every man's servant bought with silver, - when thou hast circumcised him, then, shall he eat thereof:
And when there may sojourn with thee a sojourner who may wish to keep a passover to Yahweh, there must be circumcised to him every male and then, may he draw near to keep it, so shall he be as a native of the land, - but no uncircumcised male, shall eat thereof.
As one home born from among yourselves, shall be unto you the sojourner who sojourneth with you, So shalt thou love him as thyself, For, sojourners, became ye, in the land of Egypt, - I - Yahweh, am your God.
And, no stranger, shall eat what is hallowed, - neither, one who dwelleth with a priest nor a hireling shall eat what is hallowed.
So shall the sabbath of the land be unto you for food: unto thee, and unto thy servant and unto thy handmaid, - and unto thy hireling, and unto thy settlers that are sojourning with thee;
as a hired servant, as a settler, shall he remain with thee, - until the year of the jubilee, shall he serve with thee:
Therefore shall ye love the sojourner, - for sojourners, became ye in the land of Egypt.
thou shalt, set, over thee as king, him whom Yahweh thy God shall choose, - out of the midst of thy brethren, shalt thou set over thee a king, thou mayest not appoint over thee a man that is a foreigner, who is not thy brother.
Watsons
STRANGER. Moses inculcated and enforced by numerous and by powerful considerations, as well as by various examples of benevolent hospitality, mentioned in the book of Genesis, the exhibition of kindness and humanity to strangers. There were two classes of persons who, in reference to this subject, were denominated strangers, ????. One class were those who, whether Hebrews or foreigners, were destitute of a home, in Hebrew ??????. The others were persons who, though not natives, had a home in Palestine; the latter were ????, strangers or foreigners, in the strict sense of the word. Both of these classes, according to the civil code of Moses, were to be treated with kindness, and were to enjoy the same rights with other citizens, Le 19:33-34; 24:16,22; Nu 9:14; 15:14; De 10:18; 23:7; 24:17; 27:19. In the earlier periods of the Hebrew state, persons who were natives of another country, but who had come, either from choice or from necessity to take up their residence among the Hebrews, appear to have been placed in favourable circumstances. At a latter period, namely, in the reigns of David and Solomon, they were compelled to labour on the religious edifices which were erected by those princes; as we may learn from such passages as these: "And Solomon numbered all the strangers that were in the land of Israel, after the numbering wherewith David his father had numbered them; and they were found a hundred and fifty thousand and three thousand and six hundred; and he set three score and ten thousand of them to be bearers of burdens," &c, 1Ch 22:2; 2Ch 2:1,16-17. The exaction of such laborious services from foreigners was probably limited to those who had been taken prisoners in war; and who, according to the rights of war, as they were understood at that period, could be justly employed in any offices, however low and however laborious, which the conqueror thought proper to impose. In the time of Christ, the degenerate Jews did not find it convenient to render to the strangers from a foreign country those deeds of kindness and humanity which were not only their due, but which were demanded in their behalf by the laws of Moses. They were in the habit of understanding by the word ??, neighbour, their friends merely, and accordingly restricted the exercise of their benevolence by the same narrow limits that bounded in this case their interpretations; contrary as both were to the spirit of those passages which have been adduced above, Le 19:18.
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Thou shalt not take vengeance neither shalt thou cherish anger against the sons of thy people, So shalt thou love thy neighbour as thyself, - I, am Yahweh.
And, when there sojourneth with thee a sojourner in your land, ye shall not oppress him: As one home born from among yourselves, shall be unto you the sojourner who sojourneth with you, So shalt thou love him as thyself, For, sojourners, became ye, in the land of Egypt, - I - Yahweh, am your God.
And, he that contemptuously uttereth the name of Yahweh, shall be, surely put to death, all the assembly shall, surely stone, him, - as the sojourner so the home-born, when he contemptuously-uttereth the Name, he shall be put to death.
One rule, shall ye have, as the sojourner, so the home-born, shall be, - For, I - Yahweh, am your God.
When moreover there may sojourn with you a sojourner, who would keep a passover unto Yahweh, according to the statute of the passover, and according to the regulation thereof, so, must he keep it , - one statute, shall there be for you, both for the sojourner and for the native of the land.
And when there shall sojourn with you a sojourner, or one who is in your midst to your generations, and he would offer an altar-flame of a satisfying odour unto Yahweh, as ye offer, so, shall he offer,
executing the vindication of the orphan and the widow, - and loving sojourner, giving him food and raiment.
Thou shalt not abhor an Edomite, for thy brother, he is, - thou shalt not abhor an Egyptian, for a sojourner, becamest thou in his land;
Thou shalt not pervert the judgment of the sojourner or the fatherless, - neither shalt thou take in pledge the garment of a widow;
Cursed, be he that perverteth the right of the sojourner, the fatherless, or the widow. And all the people shall say - Amen.