Reference: Messiah
Easton
(Heb mashiah), in all the thirty-nine instances of its occurring in the Old Testament, is rendered by the LXX. "Christos." It means anointed. Thus priests (Ex 28:41; 40:15; Nu 3:3), prophets (1Ki 19:16), and kings (1Sa 9:16; 16:3; 2Sa 12:7) were anointed with oil, and so consecrated to their respective offices. The great Messiah is anointed "above his fellows" (Ps 45:7); i.e., he embraces in himself all the three offices. The Greek form "Messias" is only twice used in the New Testament, in Joh 1:41; 4:25 (R.V., "Messiah"), and in the Old Testament the word Messiah, as the rendering of the Hebrew, occurs only twice (Da 9:25-26; R.V., "the anointed one").
The first great promise (Ge 3:15) contains in it the germ of all the prophecies recorded in the Old Testament regarding the coming of the Messiah and the great work he was to accomplish on earth. The prophecies became more definite and fuller as the ages rolled on; the light shone more and more unto the perfect day. Different periods of prophetic revelation have been pointed out, (1) the patriarchal; (2) the Mosaic; (3) the period of David; (4) the period of prophetism, i.e., of those prophets whose works form a part of the Old Testament canon. The expectations of the Jews were thus kept alive from generation to generation, till the "fulness of the times," when Messiah came, "made of a woman, made under the law, to redeem them that were under the law." In him all these ancient prophecies have their fulfilment. Jesus of Nazareth is the Messiah, the great Deliverer who was to come. (Comp. Mt 26:54; Mr 9:12; Lu 18:31; 22:37; Joh 5:39; Ac 2; 16:31; 26:22-23.)
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Moreover, I will put hatred between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed. And that seed shall tread thee on the head, and thou shalt tread it on the heel."
and thou shalt put them upon Aaron thy brother and on his sons with him and shalt anoint them and fill their hands and consecrate them, that they may minister unto me.
that their anointing may be an everlasting priesthood unto them throughout their generations."
These are the names of the sons of Aaron which were priests anointed and their hands filled to minister,
"Tomorrow about this time I will send thee a man out of the land of Benjamin: him shalt thou anoint to be captain over my people Israel, that he may save my people out of the hand of the Philistines, for I have looked upon my people and their cry is come unto me."
And call Jesse to the offering, and I will show thee what thou shalt do: And thou shalt anoint him whom I say unto thee."
and Jehu the son of Nimshi, anoint to be king over Israel; And Elisha the son of Shaphat of Abelmeholah anoint to be Prophet in thy room.
Thou hast loved righteousness, and hated iniquity; wherefore God, even thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows.
Understand this then, and mark it well: That from the time it shall be concluded to go and repair Jerusalem again, unto Christ, the anointed Prince: there shall be seven weeks.Then shall the streets and walls be builded again sixty two weeks, but with hard troublous time. After these sixty two weeks, shall Christ be slain, and they shall have no pleasure in him. Then shall there come a people with the prince, and destroy the city and the Sanctuary: and his end shall come as the water flood. But the desolation shall continue till the end of the battle.
But how then should the scriptures be fulfilled? For so must it be."
He answered and said unto them, "Elijah verily shall first come and restore all things. Also the son of man, as it is written, shall suffer many things, and shall be set at nought.
He took unto him twelve, and said unto them, "Behold, we go up to Jerusalem, and all shall be fulfilled that are written by the prophets of the son of man.
For I say unto you that, yet, that which is written must be performed in me: for those things which are written of me have an end."
The same found his brother Simon first, and said unto him, "We have found Messiah," which is by interpretation, Anointed.
The woman said unto him, "I know well Messiah shall come, which is called Christ. When he is once come, he will tell us all things."
Search the scriptures: for in them, ye think ye have eternal life; and they are they which testify of me.
Fausets
("anointed" (Hebrew) equates to "Christ (Greek)). (See CHRIST.) In KJV only in Da 9:25-26 of Old Testament; Joh 1:41; 4:25, of New Testament Having the immeasurable unction of the Holy Spirit as Prophet, Priest, and King at one and the same time. All others have but a measure, and that derived from Him (Joh 1:16; 3:36). See the type (Ex 28:41; 30:23-24; 1Sa 24:6); and the prophecies (Ge 3:15; 9:26; 12:2-3,20; compare Joh 8:56; Ge 49:10; Nu 24:17-19; De 18:18 with Ac 3:22-24; Joh 5:45-47; Ps 2:2,6 margin; Ps 2:7-12/type/mstc'>12/type/mstc'>12/type/mstc'>12,12/type/mstc'>12/type/mstc'>12/type/mstc'>12,12/type/mstc'>12/type/mstc'>12/type/mstc'>12,12/type/mstc'>12/type/mstc'>12/type/mstc'>12; 45:7 compare 1Ki 1:39-40; Psalm 69; 72; 110).
His birthplace (Mic 5:2), His lineage (Isa 11:1), His time of coming (Da 9:25-26), while the second temple stood (Hag 2:9), and His forerunner (Isa 40:3-5; Mal 3:1) are foretold. From Psalm 2; Jer 23:5-6; Zec 9:9, the Jews expected a triumphant king, but overlooked the prophecies of His sufferings first (Isaiah 53; Lu 24:21-27). A few looked for a more spiritual deliverance (Lu 2:30,38), and among them the despised Samaritans (Joh 4:25,42) and the thief on the cross (Lu 23:42). The rabbis got over the Messianic prophecies which prove Jesus to be Messiah by imagining a Messiah ben Joseph who should suffer, distinct from Messiah ben David who should reign; but the prophecies of the suffering and glory are so blended as to exclude the idea of any but one and the same Messiah (compare Isa 52:7,13-15,15).
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Moreover, I will put hatred between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed. And that seed shall tread thee on the head, and thou shalt tread it on the heel."
And I will make of thee a mighty people, and will bless thee, and make thy name great, that thou mayst be a blessing. And I will bless them that bless thee, and curse them that curse thee. And in thee shall be blessed all the generations of the earth."
Pharaoh also gave a charge unto his men over Abram, to lead him out, with his wife and all that he had.
The scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor a ruler from between his legs, until Shiloh come, unto whom the people shall hearken.
and thou shalt put them upon Aaron thy brother and on his sons with him and shalt anoint them and fill their hands and consecrate them, that they may minister unto me.
"Take principal spices: of pure myrrh five hundred sicles, of sweet cinnamon half so much, two hundred and fifty sicles: of sweet calamite, two hundred and fifty. Of cassia, two hundred and fifty after the holy sicle, and of olive oil a hin.
I see him but not now, I behold him but not nigh. There shall come a star of Jacob and rise a scepter of Israel, which shall smite the coasts of Moab and undermine all the children of Seth. And Edom shall be his possession, and the possession of Seir shall be their enemies, and Israel shall do manfully. read more. And out of Jacob shall come he that shall destroy the remnant of the cities."
I will raise them up a prophet from among their brethren like unto thee and will put my words into his mouth and he shall speak unto them all that I shall command him.
And Zadok the priest took a horn of oil out of the tabernacle and anointed Solomon. And they blew a trumpet, and they all said, "God save king Solomon!" And all the people came up after him piping with pipes and rejoicing greatly, so that the earth rang with the sound of them.
The kings of the earth stood up and the rulers came together against the LORD, and against his Christ.
"Yet have I set my king upon my holy hill of Zion." As for me, I will preach the law, whereof the LORD hath said unto me, "Thou art my son, this day have I begotten thee. read more. Desire of me, and I shall give thee the Heathen for thine inheritance; and the uttermost parts of the world for thy possession. Thou shalt bruise them with a rod of iron, and break them in pieces like a potter's vessel." Be wise now therefore, O ye kings; be warned, ye that are judges of the earth. Serve the LORD in fear, and rejoice unto him in reverence. Kiss the Son, lest he be angry, and so ye perish from the right way. For his wrath shall be kindled shortly: blessed are all they that put their trust in him.
Kiss the Son, lest he be angry, and so ye perish from the right way. For his wrath shall be kindled shortly: blessed are all they that put their trust in him.
Kiss the Son, lest he be angry, and so ye perish from the right way. For his wrath shall be kindled shortly: blessed are all they that put their trust in him.
Kiss the Son, lest he be angry, and so ye perish from the right way. For his wrath shall be kindled shortly: blessed are all they that put their trust in him.
Thou hast loved righteousness, and hated iniquity; wherefore God, even thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows.
There shall come a rod out of the stock of Jesse, and a branch shall spring out of his root.
A voice crieth in the wilderness, "Prepare the way for the LORD, make straight the path for our God in the desert. Let all valleys be exalted, and every mountain and hill be laid low. Whatso is crooked, let it be made straight, and let the rough places be made plain fields. read more. For the glory of the LORD shall appear, and all flesh shall at once see it. For why? The mouth of the LORD hath spoken it."
O how beautiful are the feet of the Ambassador, that bringeth the message from the mountain, and proclaimeth peace: That bringeth the good tidings, and preacheth health, and sayeth unto Zion, "Thy God is the king."
Behold, my servant shall deal wisely, therefore shall he be magnified, exalted and greatly honored. Like as the multitude shall wonder upon him, because his face shall be so deformed and not as a man's face, and his beauty like no man: read more. Even so shall the multitude of the Gentiles look unto him, and the kings shall shut their mouths before him. For they that have not been told of him, shall see him, and they that heard nothing of him, shall behold him.
Even so shall the multitude of the Gentiles look unto him, and the kings shall shut their mouths before him. For they that have not been told of him, shall see him, and they that heard nothing of him, shall behold him.
"Behold, the time cometh, sayeth the LORD, that I will raise up the righteous Branch of David, which shall bear rule, and discuss matters with wisdom, and shall set up equity and righteousness again in the earth. In his time shall Judah be saved and Israel shall dwell without fear. And this is the name that they shall call him: even, 'The LORD our righteous maker.'
Understand this then, and mark it well: That from the time it shall be concluded to go and repair Jerusalem again, unto Christ, the anointed Prince: there shall be seven weeks.Then shall the streets and walls be builded again sixty two weeks, but with hard troublous time.
Understand this then, and mark it well: That from the time it shall be concluded to go and repair Jerusalem again, unto Christ, the anointed Prince: there shall be seven weeks.Then shall the streets and walls be builded again sixty two weeks, but with hard troublous time. After these sixty two weeks, shall Christ be slain, and they shall have no pleasure in him. Then shall there come a people with the prince, and destroy the city and the Sanctuary: and his end shall come as the water flood. But the desolation shall continue till the end of the battle.
After these sixty two weeks, shall Christ be slain, and they shall have no pleasure in him. Then shall there come a people with the prince, and destroy the city and the Sanctuary: and his end shall come as the water flood. But the desolation shall continue till the end of the battle.
And thou Bethlehem Ephrata, art little among the thousands of Judah: Out of thee shall come one, unto me, which shall be the governour in Israel: whose outgoing hath been from the beginning, and from everlasting.
Thus the glory of the last house shall be greater than the first, sayeth the LORD of Hosts: and in this place will I give peace, sayeth the LORD of Hosts.'"
Rejoice thou greatly, O daughter Zion; be glad, O daughter Jerusalem. For lo, thy King cometh unto thee, even the righteous and Saviour: Lowly and simple is he, he rideth upon an ass, and upon the foal of an ass.
Behold, I send my messenger which shall prepare the way before me. And suddenly shall the Lord whom ye seek, come unto his temple, and the messenger of the covenant whom ye desire. Behold, he cometh saith the LORD Sabaoth.
And the same came forth that same hour, and praised the Lord, and spake of him to all that looked for redemption in Jerusalem.
And he said unto Jesus, "Lord, remember me when thou comest into thy kingdom."
But we trusted, that it should have been he that should have delivered Israel. And as touching all these things, today is even the third day, that they were done. Yea, and certain women also of our company made us astonished: which came early unto the sepulchre, read more. and found not his body. And came saying, that they had seen a vision of angels which said that he was alive. And certain of them which were with us, went their way to the sepulchre, and found it even so as the women had said: but him they saw not." And he said unto them, "O fools, and slow of heart to believe all that the prophets have spoken. Ought not Christ to have suffered these things, and to enter into his glory?" And he began at Moses, and at all the prophets, and interpreted unto them, in all scriptures which were written of him.
And of his fullness have all we received, even grace for grace.
The same found his brother Simon first, and said unto him, "We have found Messiah," which is by interpretation, Anointed.
He that believeth on the son, hath everlasting life. And he that believeth not the son, shall not see life: but the wrath of God abideth on him."
The woman said unto him, "I know well Messiah shall come, which is called Christ. When he is once come, he will tell us all things."
The woman said unto him, "I know well Messiah shall come, which is called Christ. When he is once come, he will tell us all things."
and said unto the woman, "Now we believe not because of thy saying: for we have heard him ourselves, and know that this is even indeed Christ, the saviour of the world."
Do not think that I will accuse you to my father. There is one that accuseth you, even Moses in whom ye trust. For had ye believed Moses, ye would have believed me: For he wrote of me. read more. But seeing ye believe not his writing, how shall ye believe my words?"
Your father Abraham was glad to see my day, and he saw it and rejoiced."
For Moses said unto the fathers, 'A prophet shall the Lord your God raise up unto you, even of your brethren, like unto me: him shall ye hear in all things whatsoever he shall say unto you. For the time will come, that every soul which shall not hear that same prophet, shall be destroyed from among the people.' read more. Also all the prophets from Samuel, and thenceforth, as many as have spoken, have in likewise told of these days.
Hastings
The 'one anointed' (Gr. Christos), i.e. appointed and empowered by God through the impartation of His own spirit, to become the Saviour of His people. The conception of the Messiah is logically implicit in all the expectations of the Hebrew people that Jehovah would deliver Israel and turn it into a glorious empire to which all the heathen would be subjected. But it is not always explicit. The expectation of the coming Kingdom is more in evidence than the expectation of the coming King. But in the same proportion as the conception of the personal Messiah emerges from the general Messianic hope these elements appear within it: (1) the Deliverer; (2) the presence of God's Spirit in His own personality as the source of His power; (3) His work as the salvation of God's people, at first the Jewish nation, but ultimately all those who join themselves to Him.
1. The Messiah of the OT
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And the LORD God said unto the serpent, "Because thou hast so done, most cursed be thou of all cattle and of all beasts of the field. Upon thy belly shalt thou go, and earth shalt thou eat all days of thy life.
And the LORD God said unto the serpent, "Because thou hast so done, most cursed be thou of all cattle and of all beasts of the field. Upon thy belly shalt thou go, and earth shalt thou eat all days of thy life. Moreover, I will put hatred between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed. And that seed shall tread thee on the head, and thou shalt tread it on the heel."
Moreover, I will put hatred between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed. And that seed shall tread thee on the head, and thou shalt tread it on the heel."
God increase Japheth that he may dwell in the tents of Shem. And Canaan be their servant."
Then departed he thence unto a mountain that lieth on the east side of Bethel and pitched his tent - Bethel being on the west side, and Ai on the east - and he built there an altar unto the LORD, and called on the name of the LORD.
And he went to him and kissed him. And he smelled the savour of his raiment and blessed him, and said, "See, the smell of my son is as the smell of a field which the LORD hath blessed. God give thee of the dew of heaven, and of the fatness of the earth and plenty of corn and wine. read more. People be thy servants, and nations bow unto thee. Be lord over thy brethren, and thy mother's children stoop unto thee. Cursed be he that curseth thee, and blessed be he that blesseth thee."
"Judah, thy brethren shall praise thee, and thine hand shall be in the neck of thine enemies, and thy father's children shall stoop unto thee. Judah is a lion's whelp. From spoil, my son, thou art come on high: he laid him down and couched himself as a lion, and as a lioness. Who dare stir him up? read more. The scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor a ruler from between his legs, until Shiloh come, unto whom the people shall hearken. He shall bind his foal unto the vine, and his ass's colt unto the vine branch, and shall wash his garment in wine and his mantle in the blood of grapes: his eyes are roudier than wine, and his teeth whiter than milk.
I see him but not now, I behold him but not nigh. There shall come a star of Jacob and rise a scepter of Israel, which shall smite the coasts of Moab and undermine all the children of Seth. And Edom shall be his possession, and the possession of Seir shall be their enemies, and Israel shall do manfully. read more. And out of Jacob shall come he that shall destroy the remnant of the cities."
The LORD thy God will stir up a Prophet among you: even of thy brethren, like unto me, and unto him ye shall hearken according to all that thou desiredest of the LORD thy God in Horeb in the day when the people were gathered, saying, 'Let me hear the voice of my LORD God no more, nor see this great fire any more, that I die not.'
according to all that thou desiredest of the LORD thy God in Horeb in the day when the people were gathered, saying, 'Let me hear the voice of my LORD God no more, nor see this great fire any more, that I die not.' And the LORD said unto me, 'They have well spoken;
And the LORD said unto me, 'They have well spoken; I will raise them up a prophet from among their brethren like unto thee and will put my words into his mouth and he shall speak unto them all that I shall command him.
I will raise them up a prophet from among their brethren like unto thee and will put my words into his mouth and he shall speak unto them all that I shall command him. And whosoever will not hearken unto the words which he shall speak in my name, I will require it of him.
And whosoever will not hearken unto the words which he shall speak in my name, I will require it of him.
"Dost thou so reward the LORD? O foolish nation and unwise. Is not he thy father and thine owner? Hath he not made thee and ordained thee? Remember the days that are past: consider the years from time to time. Ask thy father and he will show thee; thine elders, and they will tell thee. read more. When the most highest gave the nations an inheritance, and divided the sons of Adam, he put the borders of the nations fast by the multitude of the children of Israel. For the LORD's part is his folk, and Israel is the portion of his inheritance. "He found him in a desert land, in a void ground and a roaring wilderness. He led him about and gave him understanding, and kept him as the apple of his eye.
Moreover, God spake unto Ahaz, saying, "Ask thee a sign of the LORD thy God, from alow beneath, or from on high above." read more. But Ahaz answered, "I will not ask, neither will tempt the LORD." Wherefore the LORD said, "Hearken, ye of the house of David: Is it so small a thing for you, to be grievous to men, but that ye should also be painful unto God? Neverthelater, yet the Lord, he will give you a sign. Behold: a virgin shall be with child, and shall bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel. He shall eat butter and honey, that he may have understanding to refuse the evil and to choose the good. For before the child come to knowledge, to eschew the evil and chose the good, the land that thou so abhorest shall be desolate of both her kings. "The LORD also shall send a time upon thee, upon thy people, and upon thy father's house, such as never came since the time that Ephraim departed from Judah, through the king of the Assyrians.
Even like as in time past it hath been well seen, that the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, wherethrough the sea way goeth over Jordan in to the land of Galilee, was at the first in little trouble, but afterward sore vexed. The people that have dwelt in darkness, shall see a great light. As for them that dwell in the land of the shadow of death, upon them shall the light shine. read more. Shalt thou multiply the people, and not increase the joy also? They shall rejoice before thee even as men make merry in harvest, and as men that have gotten the victory, when they deal the spoil. For thou shalt break the yoke of the people's burden: the staff of his shoulder and the rod of his oppressor, as in the day of Midian. Moreover all temerarious and seditious power, yea, where there is but a coat filled with blood, shall be burnt, and feed the fire. For unto us a child is born, and unto us a son is given. Upon his shoulders shall the kingdom lie, and he shall be called with his own name, "Wonderful, the giver of counsel, the mighty God, the Everlasting Father, the Prince of peace." He shall make no end to increase the kingdom and peace, and shall sit upon the seat of David and in his kingdom, to set up the same: to establish it with equity and righteousness, from thenceforth for evermore. This shall the jealousy of the LORD of hosts bring to pass.
There shall come a rod out of the stock of Jesse, and a branch shall spring out of his root.
There shall come a rod out of the stock of Jesse, and a branch shall spring out of his root. And on him shall light the spirit of the LORD: the spirit of wisdom and of understanding, the spirit of counsel and of strength, the spirit of knowledge and of reverence, and it shall make him savour of the fear of the LORD
And on him shall light the spirit of the LORD: the spirit of wisdom and of understanding, the spirit of counsel and of strength, the spirit of knowledge and of reverence, and it shall make him savour of the fear of the LORD And he shall not judge after the sight of his eyes: neither shall rebuke after the hearing of his ears.
And he shall not judge after the sight of his eyes: neither shall rebuke after the hearing of his ears. But he shall judge the causes of the poor with righteousness, and shall rebuke with equity for the humble of the earth. And he shall smite the earth with the rod of his mouth, and with the breath of his lips shall slay the wicked.
But he shall judge the causes of the poor with righteousness, and shall rebuke with equity for the humble of the earth. And he shall smite the earth with the rod of his mouth, and with the breath of his lips shall slay the wicked. And righteousness shall be the girdle of his loins, and faithfulness the girdle of his reins.
And righteousness shall be the girdle of his loins, and faithfulness the girdle of his reins. Then shall the wolf dwell with the lamb, and the Leopard shall lie down by the goat. Bullocks, Lions and cattle shall keep company together, so that a little child shall rule them.
Then shall the wolf dwell with the lamb, and the Leopard shall lie down by the goat. Bullocks, Lions and cattle shall keep company together, so that a little child shall rule them. The cow and the Bear shall feed together, and their young ones shall lie together. The Lion shall eat straw like the ox, or the cow.
The cow and the Bear shall feed together, and their young ones shall lie together. The Lion shall eat straw like the ox, or the cow. The child while he sucketh, shall have a desire to the serpents nest, and when he is weaned, he shall put his hand in to the Cockatrice den.
The child while he sucketh, shall have a desire to the serpents nest, and when he is weaned, he shall put his hand in to the Cockatrice den. No man shall do evil to another, no man shall destroy another, in all the hill of my Sanctuary. For the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the LORD, even as though the water of the sea flowed over the earth.
No man shall do evil to another, no man shall destroy another, in all the hill of my Sanctuary. For the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the LORD, even as though the water of the sea flowed over the earth. Then shall the Gentiles enquire after the root of Jesse, which shall be set up for a token unto the Gentiles; for his dwelling shall be glorious.
The sinners at Zion are afraid, and a sudden fearfulness is come upon the hypocrites. "What is he among us," say they, "that will dwell by that consuming fire? Which of us may abide that everlasting heat?" He that leadeth a godly life - say I - and speaketh the truth; He that abhorreth to do violence and deceit; he that keepeth his hand that he touch no reward; which stoppeth his ears, that he hear no counsel against the innocent; which holdeth down his eyes, that he see none evil. read more. He it is, that shall dwell on high; whose safeguard shall be in the true rock, to him shall be given the right true meat and drink. His eyes shall see the king in his glory, and in the wide world; and his heart shall delight in the fear of God. What shall then become of the scribe? Of the receiver of our money? What of him that taxed our fair houses? There shalt thou not see a people of a strange tongue to have so diffused a language, that it may not be understood: neither so strange a speech but it shall be perceived. There shall Zion be seen, the head city of our solemn feasts. There shall thine eyes see Jerusalem, that glorious habitation; the tabernacle that never shall remove, whose nails shall never be taken out; world without end, whose cords everyone shall never corrupt. For the glorious Majesty of the LORD shall there be present among us. In that place, where fair broad rivers and streams are, shall neither Galley row, nor great ship sail. For the LORD shall be our captain, the LORD shall be our law giver. The LORD shall be our king, and he himself shall be our Saviour There are the cords so laid abroad, that they cannot be better; The mast set up of such a fashion, that no banner nor sail hangeth thereon; but there is dealt great spoil: yea, lame men run after the prey; There lieth no man that sayeth, "I am sick," but all evil is taken away from the people, that dwell there.
Then shall the eyes of the blind be lightened, and the ears of the deaf opened. Then shall the lame man leap as a hart and the dumb man's tongue shall give thanks. In the wilderness also, there shall wells spring, and floods of water in the desert.
But now, the LORD that made thee O Jacob, and he that fashioned thee O Israel, sayeth thus, "Fear not, for I will defend thee. I have called thee by thy name, thou art mine own. If thou goest through the water, I will be with thee, that the strong floods should not pluck thee away. When thou walkest in the fire, it shall not burn thee, and the flame shall not kindle upon thee. read more. For I am the LORD thy God, the holy one of Israel, thy Saviour. I gave Egypt for thy deliverance, the Ethiopians and the Sabees for thee: because thou wast dear in my sight, and because I set by thee, and loved thee. I will give over all men for thee, and deliver up all people for thy sake. Fear not, for I am with thee. I will bring thy seed from the East, and gather thee together from the West. I will say to the North, 'Let go.' And to the South, 'Keep not back: but bring me my sons from far, and my daughters from the ends of the world: Namely, all those that be called after my name. For them have I created, fashioned, and made for mine honour.'" Bring forth that people which is blind, yet hath eyes; which is deaf yet hath ears. All nations shall come in one, and be gathered in one people. But which among yonder gods shall declare such things, and tell us what is to come? Let them bring their witnesses, so shall they be free: for then men shall hear it, and say, "It is truth." But I bring you witnesses, sayeth the LORD: even those that are my servants, whom I have chosen - to the intent that ye might be certified and give me faithful credence. Yea, and to consider, that I am he before whom there was never any God, and there shall be none after me. I, even I, am the only LORD, and without me there is no Saviour. I gave warning, I made whole, I taught you when there was no strange god among you. And this record must ye bear me yourselves, sayeth the LORD: that I am God. And even he am I from the beginning, and there is none that can take anything out of my hand. And what I do, can no man change.
And now saith the LORD that formed me in the womb, to be his servant and to turn Jacob unto him,
And therefore thus sayeth the LORD God: Behold, I will stretch out mine hand to the Gentiles, and set up my token to the people. They shall bring thy sons in their laps, and carry thy daughters unto thee upon their shoulders. For kings shall be thy nursing fathers, and Queens shall be thy nursing mothers. They shall fall before thee with their faces flat upon the earth, and lick up the dust of thy feet: that thou mayest know, how that I am the LORD. And who so putteth his trust in me, shall not be confounded.
Behold, my servant shall deal wisely, therefore shall he be magnified, exalted and greatly honored. Like as the multitude shall wonder upon him, because his face shall be so deformed and not as a man's face, and his beauty like no man: read more. Even so shall the multitude of the Gentiles look unto him, and the kings shall shut their mouths before him. For they that have not been told of him, shall see him, and they that heard nothing of him, shall behold him.
Come to the waters, all ye that be thirsty, and ye that have no money. Come buy, that ye may have to eat. Come buy wine and milk, without any money, or money worth. Wherefore do ye lay out your money, for the thing that feedeth not, and spend your labour about the thing that satisfieth you not? But hearken rather unto me, and ye shall eat of the best, and your soul shall have her pleasure in plenteousness. read more. Incline your ears, and come unto me, take heed, and your soul shall live. For I will make an everlasting covenant with you, even the sure mercies of David. Behold, I shall give him for a witness among the folk, for a Prince and Captain unto the people. Lo, thou shalt call an unknown people: and a people that had no knowledge of thee, shall run unto thee, because of the LORD thy God, the holy one of Israel which glorifieth thee. Seek the LORD, while he may be found, and call upon him while he is nigh.
The spirit of the LORD God is with me, for the LORD hath anointed me, and sent me to preach good tidings unto the poor: that I might bind up the wounded hearts, that I might preach deliverance to the captive, and open the prison to them that are bound; That I might declare the acceptable year of the LORD, and the day of the vengeance of our God; that I might comfort all them that are in heaviness. read more. That I might give unto them that mourn in Zion, beauty in the stead of ashes, joyful ointment for sighing, pleasant raiment for a heavy mind; That they might be called excellent in righteousness, a planting of the LORD for him to rejoice in.
Behold, the days come, sayeth the LORD, that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah: not after the covenant that I made with their fathers, when I took them by the hand, and led them out of the land of Egypt: which covenant they brake, wherefore I punished them sore, sayeth the LORD: read more. But this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, sayeth the LORD: I will plant my law in the inward parts of them, and write it in their hearts, and will be their God, and they shall be my people. And from thenceforth shall no man teach his neighbour or his brother, and say, 'Know the LORD.' But they shall all know me, from the lowest unto the highest, sayeth the LORD. For I will forgive their misdeeds, and will never remember their sins anymore.
Behold, the time cometh, sayeth the LORD, that I will perform the good thing, which I have promised unto the house of Israel and to the house of Judah. Behold, the days will come saith the LORD, that I will stir up unto David a righteous branch, and he shall reign a king, and shall be wise, and shall do equity and justice in the earth. read more. And in his days Judah shall be safe, and Israel shall dwell without fear. And this is the name that they shall call him: 'The LORD our righteousness.' "For thus the LORD promiseth: David shall never want one to sit upon the stool of the house of Israel: neither shall the priests and Levites want one to offer always before me burnt offerings, to kindle the meat offerings, and to prepare the sacrifices." And the word of the LORD came unto Jeremiah after this manner, "Thus sayeth the LORD: May the covenant which I have made with day and night be broken, that there should not be day and night in due season? Then may my covenant also be broken, which I made with David my servant, and so he not to have a son to reign in his Throne. So shall also the priests and Levites never fail, but serve me. For like as the stars of heaven may not be numbered, neither the sand of the sea measured: so will I multiply the seed of David my servant, and of the Levites my ministers."
For thus sayeth the LORD God: Behold, I will look to my sheep myself, and seek them. Like as a shepherd among the flock seeketh after the sheep that are scattered abroad, even so will I seek after my sheep, and gather them together out of all places, where they have been scattered in the cloudy and dark day. read more. I will bring them out from all people, and gather them together out of all lands, I will bring them into their own land, and feed them upon the mountains of Israel, by the rivers, and in all the places of the country. I will feed them in right good pastures, and upon the high mountains of Israel shall their folds be. There shall they lie in a good fold, and in a fat pasture shall they feed: even upon the mountains of Israel. I will feed my sheep myself, and bring them to their rest, sayeth the LORD God. Such as be lost, will I seek; such as go astray, will I bring again; such as be wounded, will I bind up; such as be weak, will I make strong; such as be fat and well liking, those will I preserve and feed them with the thing that is lawful. "'And as for you, O my sheep, sayeth the LORD God: I will put a difference among the sheep, among the wethers and the goats. Was it not enough for you, to eat up the good pasture, but ye must tread down the residue of your pastures with your feet also? Was it not enough for you to drink clear water, but ye must trouble the residue also with your feet? Thus my sheep must be fain to eat the thing that ye have trodden down with your feet, and to drink it that ye with your feet have defiled. Therefore, thus sayeth the LORD God unto them: Behold, I will sever the fat sheep from the lean: forsomuch as ye have shot the weak sheep upon the sides and shoulders, and run upon them with your horns, so long till ye have utterly scattered them abroad. I will help my sheep, so that they shall no more be spoiled: yea, I will discern one sheep from another. I will raise up to them one only shepherd: even my servant David. He shall feed them, and he shall be their shepherd. I the LORD will be their God, and my servant David shall be their prince: Even I the LORD have spoken it. Moreover, I will make a covenant of peace with them, and drive all evil beasts out of the land: so that they may dwell safely in the wilderness, and sleep in the woods. Good fortune and prosperity will I give them, and unto all that be round about my hill. A prosperous shower and rain will I send them in due season, that the trees in the wood may bring forth their fruits, and the ground her increase. They shall be safe in their land, and shall know that I am the LORD: which have broken their yoke, and delivered them out of the hands of those that held them in subjection. They shall no more be spoiled of the Heathen, nor devoured with the beasts of the land: but safely shall they dwell, and no man shall fray them. I will set up an excellent plant for them, so that they shall suffer no more hunger in the land, neither bear the reproof of the Heathen anymore. Thus shall they understand, that I the LORD their God am with them, and that they, even the house of Israel, are my people, sayeth the LORD God. Ye men are my flock; ye are the sheep of my pasture: and I am your God, sayeth the LORD God.'"
The time will come also, that the great prince Michael, which standeth on thy people side, shall arise up, for there shall come a time of trouble, such as never was, since there began to be any people, unto that same time. Then shall thy people be delivered, yea all those that be found written in the book.
After this, will I pour out my spirit upon all flesh: and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy: your old men shall dream dreams, and your young men shall see visions. Yea, in those days I will pour out my spirit upon servants and maidens.
But in the latter days it will come to pass, that the hill of the LORD's house shall be set up higher than any mountains or hills: Yea, the people shall flow unto it, and the multitude of the Gentiles shall haste them thither, saying, "Come, let us go up to the hill of the LORD, and to the house of the God of Jacob: that he may teach us his way, and that we may walk in his paths." For the law shall come out of Zion, and the word of God from Jerusalem; read more. And shall give sentence among the multitude of the Heathen and reform the people of far countries: so that of their swords they shall make plowshares, and scythes of their spears. One people shall not lift up a sword against another, yea they shall no more learn to fight. But every man shall sit under his vineyard and under his fig tree, and no man to fray him away: for the mouth of the LORD of Hosts hath spoken it. Therefore, whereas all people have walked every man in the name of his own god, we will walk in the name of our God for ever and ever.
And thou Bethlehem Ephrata, art little among the thousands of Judah: Out of thee shall come one, unto me, which shall be the governour in Israel: whose outgoing hath been from the beginning, and from everlasting. In the meanwhile he plagueth them for a season, until the time that she which shall bear have born: then shall the remnant of his brethren be converted unto the children of Israel. read more. He shall stand fast, and give food in the strength of the LORD, and in the victory of the name of the LORD his God: and when they be converted, he shall be magnified unto the farthest parts of the world. Then shall there be peace, so that the Assyrian may come into our land, and tread in our houses. We shall bring up seven shepherds and eight princes upon them:
Then Haggai the LORD's messenger said in the LORD's message to the people, "I am with you, sayeth the LORD."
And as for thee, O Zerubbabel, sayeth the LORD of Hosts, thou son of Shealtiel my servant: I will take thee, sayeth the LORD, at the same time: and make thee as a seal. For I have chosen thee, sayeth the LORD of Hosts.'"
I lift up mine eyes again, and looked and behold, a man with a measuring line in his hand. Then said I, 'Whither goest thou?' And he said unto me, 'To measure Jerusalem, that I may see how long and how broad it is.' read more. And behold, the angel that talked with me, went his way forth. Then went there out another angel to meet him, and said unto him, 'Run, speak to this young man, and say: Jerusalem shall be inhabited without any wall, for the very multitude of people and cattle, that shall be therein: Yea, I myself, sayeth the LORD, will be unto her a wall of fire round about, and will be honored in her.'
"'Hear O Joshua thou high priest: thou and thy friends that dwell before thee, for they are wondrous people. Behold, I will bring forth the branch of my servant:
Behold, I send my messenger which shall prepare the way before me. And suddenly shall the Lord whom ye seek, come unto his temple, and the messenger of the covenant whom ye desire. Behold, he cometh saith the LORD Sabaoth.
He shall turn the hearts of the fathers to their children, and the hearts of the children to their fathers, that I come not and smite the earth with cursing."
He shall turn the hearts of the fathers to their children, and the hearts of the children to their fathers, that I come not and smite the earth with cursing."
When John, being in prison, heard the works of Christ, he sent two of his disciples and said unto him, "Art thou he that shall come? or, shall we look for another?" read more. Jesus answered and said unto them, "Go and show John what ye have heard and seen: The blind see, the halt go, the lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead are risen again, and the glad tidings is preached to the poor. And blessed is he that is not offended by me." And as they departed, Jesus began to speak unto the people, of John, "What for to see went ye out into the wilderness? Went ye to see a reed shaken in the wind? Other, what went ye out for to see? Went ye to see a man clothed in soft raiment? Behold, they that wear soft clothing are in kings' houses. But what went ye out for to see? Went ye out to see a prophet? Yea I say unto you, and more than a prophet. For this is he, of whom it is written, 'Behold, I send my messenger before thy face which shall prepare thy way before thee.'
and came in to his own country, and taught them in their synagogues, insomuch that they were astonished, and said, "Whence cometh all this wisdom and power unto him? Is not this the carpenter's son? Is not his mother called Mary? And his brethren be called, James and Joseph and Simon and Judas? read more. And are not his sisters all here with us? Whence hath he all these things?" And they were offended by him. Then Jesus said unto them, "A prophet is not without honour, save in his own country, and among his own kin." And he did not many miracles there, for their unbelief's sake.
When Jesus came into the coasts of the city which is called Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples saying, "Whom do men say that I, the son of man, am?" They said, "Some say that thou art John Baptist, some Elijah, some Jeremiah, or one of the prophets." read more. He said unto them, "But whom say ye that I am?" Simon Peter answered, and said, "Thou art Christ, the son of the living God."
And he called them unto him, and in similitudes said unto them, "How can Satan drive out Satan? For if a realm be divided against itself, that realm cannot endure. read more. Or if a house be divided against itself, that house cannot continue: So if Satan make insurrection against himself, and be divided, he cannot continue, but is it an end. No man can enter into a strong man's house, and take away his goods, except he first bind that strong man and then spoil his house. Verily I say unto you, All sins shall be forgiven unto men's children: and blasphemy, wherewith they blaspheme:
And Jesus went out, and his disciples, into the towns that belong to the city called Caesarea Philippi, and by the way he asked his disciples saying, "Whom do men say that I am?" And they answered, "Some say that thou art John Baptist: some, say Elijah, and some, one of the prophets." read more. And he said unto them, "But whom say ye that I am?" Peter answered and said unto him, "Thou art very Christ." And he charged them that they should tell no man of it.
And he held his peace, and answered nothing. Again the highest priest asked him, and said unto him, "Art thou the Christ, the son of the blessed?" And Jesus said, "I am. And ye shall see the son of man sit on the righthand of power, and come in the clouds of heaven."
And he came to Nazareth where he was nursed, and as his custom was, went into the synagogue on the Sabbath days, and stood up for to read. And there was delivered unto him the book of the prophet Isaiah. And when he had opened the book, he found the place, where it was written, read more. "The spirit of the Lord upon me, because he hath anointed me; To preach the gospel to the poor he hath sent me; And to heal which are broken hearted: To preach deliverance to the captive; And sight to the blind; And freely to set at liberty them that are bruised; And to preach the acceptable year of the Lord." And he closed the book, and gave it again to the minister, and sat down. And the eyes of all that were in the synagogue, were fastened on him. And he began to say unto them, "This day is this scripture fulfilled in your ears." And all they bare him witness, and wondered at the gracious words, which proceeded out of his mouth, and said, "Is not this Joseph's son?" And he said unto them, "Ye may very well say unto me this proverb. 'Physician, heal thyself. Whatsoever we have heard done in Capernaum, do the same here likewise in thine own country.'" And he said, "Verily I say unto you, No prophet is accepted in his own country. But I tell you of a truth, Many widows were in Israel in the days of Elijah, when heaven was shut three years and six months, when great famishment was throughout all the land; And unto none of them was Elijah sent, save into Zarephath besides Sidon, unto a woman that was a widow. And many lepers were in Israel in the time of Elisha the prophet, and yet none of them was healed, saving Naaman of Syria." And as many as were in the synagogue when they heard that, were filled with wrath and rose up, and thrust him out of the city, and led him even unto the edge of the hill, whereon their city was built, to cast him down headlong. But he went his way even through the midst of them:
And it fortuned, as he was alone praying, his disciples were with him, and he asked them saying, "Who say the people that I am?" They answered and said, "John Baptist. Some say Elijah. And some say, one of the old prophets is risen again." read more. And he said unto them, "Who say ye that I am?" Peter answered and said, "Thou art the Christ of God."
As soon as the Lord had knowledge, how the Pharisees had heard that Jesus made and baptised more disciples than John - though that Jesus himself baptised not, but his disciples - read more. he left Jewry, and departed again into Galilee. And it was so that he must needs go through Samaria. Then came he to a city of Samaria called Sychar, beside the possession that Jacob gave to his son Joseph, and there was Jacob's well. Jesus, then wearied in his journey, sat thus on the well. And it was about the sixth hour: And there came a woman of Samaria to draw water. And Jesus said unto her, "Give me drink" - for his disciples were gone away unto the town to buy meat. Then the woman of Samaria said unto him, "How is it that thou, being a Jew, askest drink of me, which am a Samaritan?" For the Jews meddle not with the Samaritans. Jesus answered and said unto her, "If thou knowest the gift of God, and who it is, that sayeth to thee, 'Give me drink': thou wouldest have asked of him, and he would have given thee water of life." The woman said unto him, "Sir, thou hast no thing to draw it withal, and the well is deep: from whence then hast thou that water of life? Art thou greater than our father Jacob, which gave us the well, and he himself drank thereof and his children and his cattle?" Jesus answered and said unto her, "Whosoever drinketh of this water, shall thirst again. But whosoever shall drink of the water that I shall give him, shall never be more a thirst: But the water that I shall give him, shall be in him a well of water springing up into everlasting life." The woman said unto him, "Sir, give me of that water, that I thirst not, neither come hither to draw." Jesus said unto her, "Go and call thy husband, and come hither." The woman answered, and said to him, "I have no husband." Jesus said to her, "Thou hast well said, 'I have no husband.' For thou hast had five husbands, and he whom thou now hast, is not thy husband. That saidst thou truly." The woman said unto him, "Sir, I perceive that thou art a prophet. Our fathers worshipped in this mountain: and ye say that in Jerusalem is the place where men ought to worship." Jesus said unto her, "Woman, believe me; The hour cometh, when ye shall neither in this mountain, nor yet at Jerusalem, worship the father. Ye worship ye know not what: we know what we worship. For salvation cometh of the Jews. But the hour cometh, and now is, when the true worshippers shall worship the father in spirit, and in truth. For verily, such the father requireth to worship him. God is a spirit, and they that worship him, must worship him in spirit, and truth." The woman said unto him, "I know well Messiah shall come, which is called Christ. When he is once come, he will tell us all things." Jesus said unto her, "I that speak unto thee, am he." And even at that point, came his disciples, and marveled that he talked with the woman. Yet no man said unto him, "What meanest thou," or "Why talkest thou with her?" The woman then left her water pot behind her, and went her way into the city, and said to the men there, "Come, see a man which told me all things that ever I did. Is not he Christ?" Then they went out of the city, and came unto him. And in the meanwhile his disciples prayed him, saying, "Master, eat." He said unto them, "I have meat to eat, that ye know not of." Then said the disciples between themselves, "Hath any man brought him meat?" Jesus said unto them, "My meat is to do the will of him that sent me. And to finish his work. Say not ye, 'There are yet four months, and then cometh harvest?' Behold, I say unto you, lift up your eyes, and look on the regions: For they are white already unto harvest. And he that reapeth, receiveth reward; and gathereth fruit unto life eternal: That both he that soweth and he that reapeth might rejoice together. And herein is the saying true, That one soweth; And another reapeth. I sent you to reap that whereon ye bestowed no labor. Other men laboured; And ye are entered into their labors." Many of the Samaritans of that city believed on him, for the woman's saying: which testified, "He told me all things that ever I did." Then, when the Samaritans were come unto him, they besought him that he would tarry with them. And he abode there two days. And many more believed because of his own words, and said unto the woman, "Now we believe not because of thy saying: for we have heard him ourselves, and know that this is even indeed Christ, the saviour of the world."
Then the captain came near and took him, and commanded him to be bound with two chains, and demanded what he was, and what he had done.
Morish
Messi'ah Messias. Messi'as
See CHRIST.
Smith
Messi'ah
(anointed). This word (Mashiach) answers to the word Christ (Christos) in the New Testament, and is applicable in its first sense to any one anointed with the holy oil. The kings of Israel were called anointed, from the mode of their consecration.
1Sa 2:10,5/type/mstc'>35; 12:3,5
etc. This word also refers to the expected Prince of the chosen people who was to complete God's purposes for them and to redeem them, and of whose coming the prophets of the old covenant in all time spoke. He was the Messiah, the Anointed, i.e. consecrated as the king and prophet by God's appointment. The word is twice used in the New Testament of Jesus.
Joh 1:41; 4:25
Authorized Version "Messias." The earliest gleam of the gospel is found in the account of the fall.
the blessings in store for the children of Shem are remarkable indicated int he words of Noah.
Next follows the promise to Abraham.
A great step is made in
This is the first case in which the promises distinctly centre in one person. The next passage usually quoted is the prophecy of Balaam.
The prophecy of Moses,
De 18:18
claims attention. Passages in the Psalms are numerous which are applied to the Messiah in the New Testament; such as Psal 2,16,22,40,110. The advance in clearness in this period is great. The name of Anointed, i.e. King, comes in, and the Messiah is to come of the Lineage of David. He is described in his exaltation, with his great kingdom that shall be spiritual rather than temporal. Psal 2,21,40,110. In other places he is seen in suffering and humiliation. Psal 16,22,40. Later on the prophets show the Messiah as a king and ruler of David's house, who should come to reform and restore the Jewish nation and purify the Church, as in Isai 11,40-66 The blessings of the restoration, however, will not be confined to Jews; the heathen are made to share them fully.
The passage of
(comp. Matt 2:6 ) left no doubt in the mind of the Sanhedrin as to the birthplace of the Messiah. The lineage of David is again alluded to in
The coming of the Forerunner and of the Anointed is clearly revealed in
The Pharisees and those of the Jews who expected Messiah at all looked for a temporal prince only. The apostles themselves were infected with this opinion till after the resurrection.
Mt 20:20-21; Lu 24:21; Ac 1:6
Gleams of a purer faith appear in
Lu 2:30; 23:42; Joh 4:25
See Verses Found in Dictionary
Moreover, I will put hatred between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed. And that seed shall tread thee on the head, and thou shalt tread it on the heel."
And I will make of thee a mighty people, and will bless thee, and make thy name great, that thou mayst be a blessing. And I will bless them that bless thee, and curse them that curse thee. And in thee shall be blessed all the generations of the earth."
The scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor a ruler from between his legs, until Shiloh come, unto whom the people shall hearken.
I see him but not now, I behold him but not nigh. There shall come a star of Jacob and rise a scepter of Israel, which shall smite the coasts of Moab and undermine all the children of Seth. And Edom shall be his possession, and the possession of Seir shall be their enemies, and Israel shall do manfully. read more. And out of Jacob shall come he that shall destroy the remnant of the cities."
I will raise them up a prophet from among their brethren like unto thee and will put my words into his mouth and he shall speak unto them all that I shall command him.
The LORD's adversaries shall be made to fear him: and out of heaven he shall thunder upon them. The LORD shall judge the ends of the world, and shall give might unto his king, and exalt the horn of his anointed."
And I will stir me up a faithful priest that shall do as it is in mine heart and in my mind. And I will build him a sure house. And he shall walk before mine anointed forever.
Behold, here I am. Answer me before the LORD and before his anointed, whose ox have I taken? Or whose ass have I taken? Whom have I done wrong to? Or whom have I oppressed? And of whose hand have I received any bribe, to blind mine eyes therewith? And I will restore it you again."
Then said he to them, "The LORD is witness unto you, and his anointed is witness this day, that ye have found nought in my hands." And they answered, "We are witnesses."
Fear not, then, any man whose breath is in his nostrils - for what is he?
And thou Bethlehem Ephrata, art little among the thousands of Judah: Out of thee shall come one, unto me, which shall be the governour in Israel: whose outgoing hath been from the beginning, and from everlasting.
Behold, I send my messenger which shall prepare the way before me. And suddenly shall the Lord whom ye seek, come unto his temple, and the messenger of the covenant whom ye desire. Behold, he cometh saith the LORD Sabaoth.
Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet: before the coming of the day of the great and fearful LORD. He shall turn the hearts of the fathers to their children, and the hearts of the children to their fathers, that I come not and smite the earth with cursing."
Then came to him the mother of Zebedee's children with her sons, worshipping him, and desiring a certain thing of him. And he said unto her, "What wilt thou have?" She said unto him, "Grant that these my two sons may sit, the one on thy right hand, and the other on thy left hand in thy kingdom."
And he said unto Jesus, "Lord, remember me when thou comest into thy kingdom."
But we trusted, that it should have been he that should have delivered Israel. And as touching all these things, today is even the third day, that they were done.
The same found his brother Simon first, and said unto him, "We have found Messiah," which is by interpretation, Anointed.
The woman said unto him, "I know well Messiah shall come, which is called Christ. When he is once come, he will tell us all things."
The woman said unto him, "I know well Messiah shall come, which is called Christ. When he is once come, he will tell us all things."
When they were come together, they asked of him, saying, "Lord, wilt thou at this time restore again the kingdom to Israel?"
Watsons
MESSIAH. The Greek word ???????, from whence comes Christ and Christian, exactly answers to the Hebrew Messiah, which signifies him that hath received unction, a prophet, a king, or a priest. See JESUS CHRIST.
Our Lord warned his disciples that false messiahs should arise, Mt 24:24; and the event has verified the prediction. No less than twenty-four false Christs have arisen in different places and at different times: Caziba was the first of any note who made a noise in the world. Being dissatisfied with the state of things under Adrian, he set himself up as the head of the Jewish nation, and proclaimed himself their long expected messiah. He was one of those banditti that infested Judea, and committed all kinds of violence against the Romans; and had become so powerful that he was chosen king of the Jews, and by them acknowledged their messiah. However, to facilitate the success of this bold enterprise, he changed his name from Caziba, which it was at first, to that of Barchocheba, alluding to the star foretold by Balaam; for he pretended to be the star sent from heaven to restore his nation to its ancient liberty and glory. He chose a forerunner, raised an army, was anointed king, coined money inscribed with his own name, and proclaimed himself messiah and prince of the Jewish nation. Adrian raised an army, and sent it against him; he retired into a town called Bither, where he was besieged. Barchocheba was killed in the siege, the city was taken, and a dreadful havoc succeeded. The Jews themselves allow, that, during this short war against the Romans in defence of this false messiah, they lost five or six hundred thousand souls. This was in the former part of the second century. In the reign of Theodosius the younger, A.D. 434, another impostor arose, called Moses Cretensis. He pretended to be a second Moses, sent to deliver the Jews who dwelt in Crete, and promised to divide the sea, and give them a safe passage through it. Their delusion proved so strong and universal, that they neglected their lands, houses, and other concerns, and took only so much with them as they could conveniently carry. And on the day appointed, this false Moses, having led them to the top of a rock, men, women, and children threw themselves headlong down into the sea, without the least hesitation or reluctance, till so great a number of them were drowned as opened the eyes of the rest, and made them sensible of the cheat. They then began to look for their pretended leader; but he had disappeared, and escaped out of their hands. In the reign of Justin, about A.D. 520, another impostor appeared, who called himself the son of Moses. His name was Dunaan. He entered into a city of Arabia Felix, and there he greatly oppressed the Christians; but he was taken prisoner, and put to death by Elesban, an Ethiopian general. The Jews and Samaritans rebelled against the Emperor Justinian, A.D. 529, and set up one Julian for their king, and accounted him the messiah. The emperor sent an army against them, killed great numbers of them, took their pretended messiah prisoner, and immediately put him to death. In the time of Leo Isaurus, about A.D. 721, arose another false messiah in Spain; his name was Serenus. He drew great numbers after him, to their no small loss and disappointment; but all his pretensions came to nothing. The twelfth century was fruitful in messiahs. About A.D. 1137, there appeared one in France, who was put to death, and numbers of those who followed him. In A.D. 1138, the Persians were disturbed with a Jew, who called himself the messiah. He collected a vast army; but he too was put to death, and his followers treated with great inhumanity. A false messiah stirred up the Jews at Corduba in Spain, A.D. 1157. The wiser and better sort looked upon him as a madman, but the great body of the Jews in the nation believed in him. On this occasion nearly all the Jews in Spain were destroyed. Another false messiah arose in the kingdom of Fez, A.D. 1167, which brought great troubles and persecutions upon the Jews that were scattered throughout that country. In the same year, an Arabian professed to be the messiah, and pretended to work miracles. When search was made for him, his followers fled, and he was brought before the Arabian king. Being questioned by him, he replied, that he was a prophet sent from God. The king then asked him what sign he could show to confirm his mission. "Cut off my head," said he, "and I will return to life again." The king took him at his word, promising to believe him if his prediction was accomplished. The poor wretch, however, never came to life again, and the cheat was sufficiently discovered. Those who had been deluded by him were grievously punished, and the nation condemned to a very heavy fine. Not long after this, a Jew who dwelt beyond the Euphrates, called himself the messiah, and drew vast multitudes of people after him. He gave this for a sign of it, that he had been leprous, and had been cured in the course of one night. He, like the rest, perished, and brought great persecution on his countrymen. A magician and false christ arose in Persia, A.D. 1174, who seduced many of the common people, and brought the Jews into great tribulation. Another of these impostors arose, A.D. 1176, in Moravia, who was called David Almusser. He pretended he could make himself invisible; but he was soon taken and put to death, and a heavy fine laid upon the Jews. A famous cheat and rebel exerted himself in Persia, A.D. 1199, called David el David. He was a man of learning, a great magician, and pretended to be the messiah. He raised an army against the king, but was taken and imprisoned; and, having made his escape, was afterward retaken and beheaded. Vast numbers of the Jews were butchered for taking part with this impostor. Rabbi Lemlem, a German Jew of Austria, declared himself a forerunner of the messiah, A.D. 1500, and pulled down his own oven, promising, his brethren that they should bake their bread in the holy land next year. A false christ arose in the East Indies, A.D. 1615, and was greatly followed by the Portuguese Jews who are scattered over that country. Another in the Low Countries declared himself to be the messiah of the family of David, and of the line of Nathan, A.D. 1624. He promised to destroy Rome, and to overthrow the kingdom of antichrist, and the Turkish empire. In A.D. 1666, appeared the false messiah Sabatai Tzevi, who made a great noise, and gained a great number of proselytes. He was born at Aleppo, and imposed on the Jews for a considerable time; but afterward, with a view of saving his life, he turned Mohammedan, and was at last beheaded. The last false christ that made any considerable number of converts was one rabbi Mordecai, a Jew of Germany: he appeared, A.D. 1682. It was not long before he was found out to be an impostor, and was obliged to flee from Italy to Poland to save his life: what became of him afterward does not seem to be recorded.
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for there shall arise false Christs, and false prophets and shall do great miracles and wonders. Insomuch that if it were possible, even the very elect should be deceived.