Reference: Eucharist
Hastings
This is the earliest title for the sacrament of the body and blood of Christ. It is found in Ignatius and the Didache, and is based upon the eucharistia or giving of thanks with which our Lord set apart the bread and wine at the Last Supper as memorials of Himself (Mt 26:27; Lu 22:17,19; 1Co 11:24). The name Lord's Supper, though legitimately derived from 1Co 11:20, is not there applied to the sacrament itself, but to the Love-feast or Agape, a meal commemorating the Last Supper, and not yet separated from the Eucharist when St. Paul wrote. The irregularities rebuked by the Apostle (1Co 11:21,29) are such as could only have accompanied the wider celebration, and doubtless contributed to the speedy separation of the essential rite from the unnecessary accessories. The title Communion comes from 1Co 10:16, where, however, the word is a predicate not used technically. The breaking of (the) bread (Ac 2:42,46) probably refers to the Eucharist (cf. Ac 20:7; Lu 24:35?), but until modern times does not seem to have been adopted as a title.
1. The institution is recorded by each of the Synoptic Gospels, but not by St. John. A fourth account appears in 1 Corinthians.
As they were eating, he took bread, and when he had blessed, he brake it, and gave to them, and said. Take ye: this is my body. And he took a cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave to them: and they all drank of it. And he said unto them, This is my blood of the covenant, which is shed for many. Verily I say unto you, I will no more drink of the fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new in the kingdom of God.
As they were eating, Jesus took bread, and blessed, and brake it; and he gave to the disciples, and said, Take, eat: this is my body. And he took a cup, and gave thanks, and gave to them, saying, Drink ye all of it; for this is my blood of the covenant, which is shed for many unto remission of sins. But I say unto you, I will not drink henceforth of this fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father's kingdom.
Lu 22:14-20.
When the hour was come, he sat down, and the apostles with him. And he said unto them, With desire I have desired to eat this passover with you before I suffer: for I say unto you, I will not eat it, until it be fulfilled in the kingdom of God. And he received a cup, and when he had given thanks, he said, Take this, and divide it among yourselves: for I say unto you, I will not drink from henceforth of the fruit of the vine, until the kingdom of God shall come. And he took bread, and when he had given thanks, he brake it, and gave to them, saying, This is my body [which is given for you: this do in remembrance of me. And the cup in like manner after supper, saying. This cup is the new covenant in my blood, even that which is poured out for you].
I received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you, how that the Lord Jesus in the night in which he was betrayed took bread; and when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said. This is my body, which is for you: this do in remembrance of me. In like manner also the cup, after supper, saying, This cup is the new covenant in my blood: this do, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me.
A comparison shows variations of minor importance between Mark and Matthew. But the most remarkable differences are those of Luke, which mentions what is apparently a second cup. It seems scarcely credible that at a supreme moment, like that in which a sacred rite was being established, our Lord should have created the possibility of confusion by solemnly delivering two of the Paschal cups, dividing between them the words which, according to the other Synoptics, belong, as it would seem appropriately, to one. Nor, if He were about to ballow a succeeding cup as Eucharistic, is it likely that He would have spoken of the fulfilment of the Paschal wine in relation to another (Lu 22:17). In spite, therefore, of the fact that the majority of MSS and Versions favour its inclusion, Westcott and Hort are probably right in regarding the passage inclosed in brackets above as an interpolation. With this omitted, the narrative is assimilated to the other Synoptics. The inversion of bread and cup, which now becomes apparent and which probably belongs not to Luke but to his source, is perhaps due to the fact that the writer, dwelling on the Lord's intention that the Passover should be fulfilled in a Messianic rite, records at the opening of his narrative a declaration similar to that which Matthew and Mark assign to a later stage, the delivery of the cup (Mt 26:29; Mr 14:25). These words, though referring more particularly to the Eucharistic bread, yet, as extending to the whole meal ('this passover'), require no mention of the action that would accompany them; whereas the companion statement concerning the fruit of the vine (Lu 22:18) necessitates the mention of the cup (Lu 22:17). The first half of Lu 22:19 (the consecration of the bread), which, if the account were symmetrical, would appear (as arranged in Rush-brooke's Synopticon) before Lu 22:15, is then added to complete the institution. A copyist, assuming a part of the narrative to be wanting, would then introduce, probably from a contemporary liturgical formula, the second half of Lu 22:19 and Lu 22:20, which bear a striking resemblance to the Pauline account, of which Luke is otherwise independent. A similar inversion is found in the sub-Apostolic Teaching of the Apostles.
2. From the Synoptic record the following inferences may be drawn: (1) The words of institution cannot themselves determine the meaning of the rite. Luke (unless v. 20 be genuine) omits 'This is my blood of the covenant.' [Notice also that the other traditional form varies the phrase
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And it shall come to pass, when your sons shall say to you, What do ye mean by this service? that ye shall say, It is the sacrifice of LORD's Passover, who passed over the houses of the sons of Israel in Egypt, when he smote the Egyptians, and delivered our houses. And the people bowed the head and worshipped.
that ye shall say, It is the sacrifice of LORD's Passover, who passed over the houses of the sons of Israel in Egypt, when he smote the Egyptians, and delivered our houses. And the people bowed the head and worshipped.
In one house it shall be eaten. Thou shall not carry forth any of the flesh abroad out of the house, neither shall ye break a bone of it.
And they rose up early on the morrow, and offered burnt-offerings, and brought peace-offerings. And the people sat down to eat and to drink, and rose up to revel.
Thou shall not offer the blood of my sacrifice with leavened bread, nor shall the sacrifice of the feast of the Passover be left to the morning.
And he shall bring it to Aaron's sons the priests, and he shall take out of it his handful of the fine flour of it, and of the oil of it, with all the frankincense of it. And the priest shall burn the memorial of it upon the altar,
And the priest shall take up from the meal-offering the memorial of it, and shall burn it upon the altar, an offering made by fire, of a sweet savor to LORD.
And the priest shall burn the memorial of it, part of the crushed grain of it, and part of the oil of it, with all the frankincense of it. It is an offering made by fire to LORD.
And he shall bring it to the priest, and the priest shall take his handful of it as the memorial of it, and burn it on the altar, upon the offerings of LORD made by fire. It is a sin-offering.
And the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace-offerings for thanksgiving shall be eaten on the day of his oblation; he shall not leave any of it until the morning. But if the sacrifice of his oblation be a vow, or a freewill-offering, it shall be eaten on the day that he offers his sacrifice, and on the morrow that which remains of it shall be eaten, read more. but that which remains of the flesh of the sacrifice on the third day shall be burnt with fire. And if any of the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace-offerings is eaten on the third day, it shall not be accepted, nor shall it be imputed to him who offers it. It shall be an abomination, and the soul that eats of it shall bear And the flesh that touches any unclean thing shall not be eaten; it shall be burnt with fire. And as for the flesh, every clean man shall eat of it, but the soul that eats of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace-offerings, that pertain to LORD, having his uncleanness upon him, that soul shall be cut off from his people. And when a soul shall touch any unclean thing, the uncleanness of man, or an unclean beast, or any unclean abomination, and eats of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace-offerings, which pertain to LORD, that soul shall be cut off fr
And thou shall put pure frankincense upon each row, that it may be to the bread for a memorial, even an offering made by fire to LORD.
And the priest shall take a handful of the meal-offering, as the memorial of it, and burn it upon the altar, and afterward shall make the woman drink the water.
and those men said to him, We are unclean by reason of the dead body of a man. Why are we kept back, that we may not offer the oblation of LORD in its appointed season among the sons of Israel?
But the man who is clean, and is not on a journey, and forbears to keep the Passover, that soul shall be cut off from his people, because he did not offer the oblation of LORD in its appointed season; that man shall bear his sin.
Also in the day of your gladness, and in your set feasts, and in the beginnings of your months, ye shall blow the trumpets over your burnt-offerings, and over the sacrifices of your peace-offerings. And they shall be to you for a m
But to the place which LORD your God shall choose out of all your tribes, to put his name there, even to his habitation ye shall seek, and there thou shall come.
And ye shall rejoice before LORD your God, ye, and your sons, and your daughters, and your men-servants, and your maid-servants, and the Levite who is within your gates--inasmuch as he has no portion nor inheritance with you.
And now, behold, I have brought the first of the fruit of the ground, which thou, O LORD, have given me. And thou shall set it down before LORD thy God, and worship before LORD thy God. And thou shall rejoice in all the good which LORD thy God has given to thee, and to thy house, thou, and the Levite, and the sojourner who is in the midst of thee.
And Samuel said, How do I go? If Saul hears it, he will kill me. And LORD said, Take a heifer with thee, and say, I have come to sacrifice to LORD.
And Samuel said to Jesse, Are all thy sons here? And he said, There remains yet the youngest, and, behold, he is keeping the sheep. And Samuel said to Jesse, Send and fetch him, for we will not sit down till he comes here.
even he shall build the temple of LORD. And he shall bear the glory, and shall sit and rule upon his throne. And he shall be a priest upon his throne, and the counsel of peace shall be between them both.
Ye offer polluted bread upon my altar. And ye say, How have we polluted thee? In that ye say, The table of LORD is contemptible.
But ye profane it, in that ye say, The table of LORD is polluted. And the fruit of it, even its food, is contemptible.
And as they were eating, Jesus, having taken bread, having expressed thanks, broke in pieces, and he gave to the disciples, and said, Take, eat, this is my body. And having taken the cup, having expressed thanks, he gave to them, saying, All ye drink of it,
And having taken the cup, having expressed thanks, he gave to them, saying, All ye drink of it, for this is my blood of the new covenant, which is shed on behalf of many for remission of sins.
for this is my blood of the new covenant, which is shed on behalf of many for remission of sins. But I say to you, that I will, no, not drink of this fruit of the grapevine henceforth until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father's kingdom.
But I say to you, that I will, no, not drink of this fruit of the grapevine henceforth until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father's kingdom.
And he appointed twelve men, so that they might be with him, and that he might send them forth to preach,
And having become evening he comes with the twelve.
And as they were eating, Jesus having taken bread, having blessed, he broke in pieces, and gave to them, and said, Take, eat, this is my body. And after taking the cup, having expressed thanks, he gave to them, and they all drank from it. read more. And he said to them, This is my blood of the new covenant, which is poured out for many. Truly I say to you, that I will no more drink of the fruit of the grapevine, until that day when I drink it anew in the kingdom of God.
Truly I say to you, that I will no more drink of the fruit of the grapevine, until that day when I drink it anew in the kingdom of God.
And when the hour came, he sat down, and the twelve apostles with him. And he said to them, With desire I have desired to eat this Passover with you before my suffering.
And he said to them, With desire I have desired to eat this Passover with you before my suffering.
And he said to them, With desire I have desired to eat this Passover with you before my suffering. For I say to you, that I will eat of it no more, no, not till when it is fulfilled in the kingdom of God. read more. And having taken a cup, having expressed thanks, he said, Take this, and divide it among yourselves.
And having taken a cup, having expressed thanks, he said, Take this, and divide it among yourselves.
And having taken a cup, having expressed thanks, he said, Take this, and divide it among yourselves.
And having taken a cup, having expressed thanks, he said, Take this, and divide it among yourselves. For I say to you, that I will, no, not drink from the fruit of the grapevine till when the kingdom of God comes.
For I say to you, that I will, no, not drink from the fruit of the grapevine till when the kingdom of God comes. And after taking bread, having expressed thanks, he broke in pieces, and gave to them, saying, This is my body that is given for you. Do ye this in my memory.
And after taking bread, having expressed thanks, he broke in pieces, and gave to them, saying, This is my body that is given for you. Do ye this in my memory.
And after taking bread, having expressed thanks, he broke in pieces, and gave to them, saying, This is my body that is given for you. Do ye this in my memory.
And after taking bread, having expressed thanks, he broke in pieces, and gave to them, saying, This is my body that is given for you. Do ye this in my memory. Likewise also the cup after dining, saying, This cup is the new covenant in my blood being shed for you.
Likewise also the cup after dining, saying, This cup is the new covenant in my blood being shed for you. Nevertheless behold, the hand of the man who betrays me is with me on the table.
And also a dispute develop among them, which of them is considered to be greater. And he said to them, The kings of the Gentiles have dominion over them, and those who exercise authority over them are called Benefactors. read more. But ye are not this way. Rather, the greater among you, shall become as the newer, and he who leads, as he who serves. For who ranks higher, he who sits dining, or he who serves? Is it not he who sits dining? But I am in the midst of you as he who serves. But ye are those who have continued with me in my trials. And I appoint to you, just as my Father appointed to me a kingdom, that ye may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom, and sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel. And the Lord said, Simon, Simon, behold, Satan demanded to have you to sift you as wheat, but I prayed for thee, so that thy faith may not fail. And thou, when thou have returned, strengthen thy brothers. And he said to him, Lord, I am ready to go with thee both to prison and to death. And he said, I say to thee, Peter, a cock will, no, not sound today, before thou will thrice deny that thou know me.
And they reported the things on the road, and how he was made known to them during the breaking of the bread.
The Jews therefore contended with each other, saying, How can this man give us his flesh to eat? Jesus therefore said to them, Truly, truly, I say to you, unless ye eat the flesh of the Son of man and drink his blood, ye have no life in yourselves. read more. He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day. For my flesh is truly food, and my blood is truly drink. He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood dwells in me, and I in him. Just as the living Father sent me, and I live because of the Father, also he who eats me, that man will also live because of me. This is the bread that came down out of heaven, not as your fathers ate the manna and died. He who eats this bread will live into the age.
It is the spirit that makes alive. The flesh benefits nothing. The sayings that I speak to you are spirit, are life.
For these things happened so that the scripture might be fulfilled, Not a bone of him will be broken.
For these things happened so that the scripture might be fulfilled, Not a bone of him will be broken.
And they were continuing steadfastly in the apostles doctrine, and in fellowship, and in the breaking of bread, and the prayers.
And continuing steadfastly, daily with one accord in the temple, and breaking bread from house to house, they partook of nourishment in gladness and evenness of heart,
And upon the first day of the week, the disciples having come together to break bread, Paul discoursed with them, intending to depart on the morrow. And he prolonged his speech until midnight.
Purge out the old leaven, so that ye may be a new lump, since ye are unleavened. For also Christ our Passover was sacrificed for us.
And so the Lord commanded those who proclaim the good-news to live from the good-news.
The cup of the blessing that we bless, is it not a participation of the blood of the Christ? The bread that we break, is it not a participation of the body of the Christ?
The cup of the blessing that we bless, is it not a participation of the blood of the Christ? The bread that we break, is it not a participation of the body of the Christ?
The cup of the blessing that we bless, is it not a participation of the blood of the Christ? The bread that we break, is it not a participation of the body of the Christ?
The cup of the blessing that we bless, is it not a participation of the blood of the Christ? The bread that we break, is it not a participation of the body of the Christ? Because we, the many, are one bread, one body, for we are all partakers of the one bread. read more. Look at Israel according to flesh. Those who eat the sacrifices, are they not partakers of the altar?
Rather, that which the Gentiles sacrifice, they sacrifice to demons and not to God, and I do not want you to become partakers of demons. Ye cannot drink the cup of Lord, and the cup of demons. Ye cannot be partakers of a table of Lord, and of a table of demons.
Ye cannot drink the cup of Lord, and the cup of demons. Ye cannot be partakers of a table of Lord, and of a table of demons.
Now in this that is commanded, I do not praise you, because ye do not assemble for the better but for the worse. For indeed first, when ye come together in a congregation, I hear divisions are present among you, and I partly believe it. read more. For there must also be factions among you, so that the genuine may become apparent among you. When therefore ye come together in the same place, it is not to eat the Lord's supper.
When therefore ye come together in the same place, it is not to eat the Lord's supper. For each man proceeds to eat his own meal, and one is hungry and another is drunken.
For each man proceeds to eat his own meal, and one is hungry and another is drunken.
For each man proceeds to eat his own meal, and one is hungry and another is drunken. For have ye no houses to eat and to drink in? Or do ye disparage the church of God, and humiliate those not having? What shall I say to you? Shall I praise you in this? I do not praise you.
For have ye no houses to eat and to drink in? Or do ye disparage the church of God, and humiliate those not having? What shall I say to you? Shall I praise you in this? I do not praise you. For I received from the Lord what I also delivered to you, that the Lord Jesus in the night in which he was betrayed took bread,
For I received from the Lord what I also delivered to you, that the Lord Jesus in the night in which he was betrayed took bread, and having expressed thanks, he broke in pieces, and said, Take ye, eat, this is my body broken for you. This do ye for my memorial.
and having expressed thanks, he broke in pieces, and said, Take ye, eat, this is my body broken for you. This do ye for my memorial.
and having expressed thanks, he broke in pieces, and said, Take ye, eat, this is my body broken for you. This do ye for my memorial. Likewise also the cup after the supper, saying, This cup is the new covenant in my blood. This do, as often as ye drink it, for my memorial.
Likewise also the cup after the supper, saying, This cup is the new covenant in my blood. This do, as often as ye drink it, for my memorial.
Likewise also the cup after the supper, saying, This cup is the new covenant in my blood. This do, as often as ye drink it, for my memorial. For as often as ye eat this bread and drink this cup, ye proclaim the Lord's death until he comes.
For as often as ye eat this bread and drink this cup, ye proclaim the Lord's death until he comes.
For as often as ye eat this bread and drink this cup, ye proclaim the Lord's death until he comes.
For as often as ye eat this bread and drink this cup, ye proclaim the Lord's death until he comes. Therefore whoever may eat this bread or drink the cup of the Lord unworthily of the Lord, will be guilty of the body and the blood of the Lord.
Therefore whoever may eat this bread or drink the cup of the Lord unworthily of the Lord, will be guilty of the body and the blood of the Lord.
Therefore whoever may eat this bread or drink the cup of the Lord unworthily of the Lord, will be guilty of the body and the blood of the Lord. But let a man examine himself, and let him so eat of the bread, and drink of the cup. read more. For he who eats and drinks unworthily, eats and drinks condemnation to himself, not discerning the body of the Lord.
For he who eats and drinks unworthily, eats and drinks condemnation to himself, not discerning the body of the Lord.
For he who eats and drinks unworthily, eats and drinks condemnation to himself, not discerning the body of the Lord.
For he who eats and drinks unworthily, eats and drinks condemnation to himself, not discerning the body of the Lord. Because of this many are weak and sickly among you, and a considerable sleep. read more. But if we were discerning ourselves we would not be judged.
But if we were discerning ourselves we would not be judged. But when we are judged by Lord, we are chastened so that we may not be condemned with the world. read more. Therefore, my brothers, when ye come together to eat, await each other. And if any man is hungry, let him eat at home so that ye may not come together for condemnation. And the rest I will set in order as soon as I come.
For I delivered to you at first what I also received, that Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures,
I marvel that ye are so soon removed from him who called you in the grace of Christ to another good-news, which is not another, except there are some who confuse you, and who want to pervert the good-news of the Christ. read more. But even if we, or an agent from heaven, should preach a good-news to you contrary to what we preached to you, let him be accursed. As we have said before, I now also say again, if any man preaches a good-news to you contrary to what ye received, let him be accursed.
Now a summation about the things being spoken is, we have such a high priest who was seated at the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in the heavens,
By which will we are sanctified through the one time offering of the body of Jesus Christ.
For by one offering he has fully perfected forever those being sanctified.
Having therefore, brothers, boldness for entrance into the holy things by the blood of Jesus, which he inaugurated for us, a new and living way through the curtain, that is, his flesh, read more. and a great priest over the house of God, let us approach with a TRUE heart in full assurance of faith, our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience, and our body washed in pure water.
and he who lives. And I became dead, and behold, I am living into the ages of the ages. Truly. And I have the keys of death and of Hades.
And I saw in the midst of the throne and of the four beings, and in the midst of the elders, a Lamb standing, like it had been killed, having seven horns and seven eyes, which are the seven Spirits of God being sent forth into all
Morish
See LORD'S SUPPER.
Watsons
EUCHARIST, the sacrament of the Lord's Supper. The word, in its original Greek, ??????????, properly signifies giving thanks; from the hymns and thanksgivings which accompanied that holy service in the primitive church. See LORD'S SUPPER.