Reference: Sadducees
American
This name was applied in the time of Jesus to a portion or sect of the Jews, who were usually at variance with the other leading sect, namely, the Pharisees, but united with them in opposing Jesus and accomplishing his death, Mt 16:1-12; Lu 20:27. The name would seem to be derived from a Hebrew word signifying the just; but the Talmudists affirm that it comes from a certain Sadoc, or Sadducus, who was the founder of the sect, and lived about three centuries before the Christian era. The Sadducees disregarded all the traditions and unwritten laws which the Pharisees prized so highly, and professed to consider the Scriptures as the only source and rule of the Jewish religion. They rejected the demonology of the Pharisees; denied the existence of angles and spirits; considered the soul as dying with the body, and of course admitted no future state of rewards and punishments, Mt 22:23. While, moreover, the Pharisees believed that all events and actions were directed by an overruling providence or fate, the Sadducees considered them all as depending on the will and agency of man. The tenets of these freethinking philosophers were not, in general, so acceptable to the people as those of the Pharisees; yet many of the highest rank adopted them, and practiced great severity of manners and of life. Many members of the Sanhedrin were Sadducees, Ac 23:6-9; and so was the high priest in the time of Christ seems to have added bitterness to their hatred of Christianity, Ac 4:1; 5:17.
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And the Pharisees and Sadducees having come, tempting, asked him to shew them a sign from heaven. And he having answered, said to them, It being evening, ye say, Calm weather: for the heaven is fiery red. read more. And in the morning, Today, wintry weather: for heaven, being sad, is fiery red. Hypocrites, truly ye know to decide the face of heaven, but the signs of the times ye cannot. An evil and adulterous generation seeks for a sign; and no sign shall be given her, except the sign of Jonas the prophet. And having left them, he departed. And his disciples having come to the other side, forgot to take loaves. And Jesus said to them, Attend and keep from the leaven of the Pharisees and the Sadducees. And they reasoned among themselves, saying, Because we took no loaves. And Jesus having known, said to them, Why reason ye among yourselves, O ye of little faith, because ye have taken no loaves Do ye not yet understand, nor remember the five loaves of five thousand, and how many baskets ye took? Nor the seven loaves of four thousand, and how many wicker baskets ye took? How do ye not understand that I spake not to you concerning bread, to keep from the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees? Then understood they that he spake, not to keep from the leaven of bread, but from the teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees.
In that day the Sadducees came to him, they saying there is to be no rising up: and they asked him,
And certain of the Sadducees having approached, speaking against there being a rising up, asked him,
And they speaking to the people, the priests, and commander of the temple, and the Sadducees, resisted them,
And the chief priest having risen, and all they with him, (the sect being of the Sadducees,) they were filled with zeal,
And Paul having known that one part is of the Sadducees, and the other of the Pharisees, cried in the council, Men, brethren, I am a Pharisee, son of a Pharisee: for the hope and rising up of the dead am I judged. And he having spoken this, there was a dissension of the Pharisees and Sadducees: and the multitude was divided. read more. For truly the Sadducees say there is no rising up, neither messenger, nor spirit: and the Pharisees acknowledge both. And there was a great cry: and the scribes of the Pharisees' part, having risen, struggled with obstinacy, saying, We find nothing evil in this man: but if a spirit or messenger spake to him, we should not contend against God.
Easton
The origin of this Jewish sect cannot definitely be traced. It was probably the outcome of the influence of Grecian customs and philosophy during the period of Greek domination. The first time they are met with is in connection with John the Baptist's ministry. They came out to him when on the banks of the Jordan, and he said to them, "O generation of vipers, who hath warned you to flee from the wrath to come?" (Mt 3:7.) The next time they are spoken of they are represented as coming to our Lord tempting him. He calls them "hypocrites" and "a wicked and adulterous generation" (Mt 16:1-4; 22:23). The only reference to them in the Gospels of Mark (Mr 12:18-27) and Luke (Lu 20:27-38) is their attempting to ridicule the doctrine of the resurrection, which they denied, as they also denied the existence of angels. They are never mentioned in John's Gospel.
There were many Sadducees among the "elders" of the Sanhedrin. They seem, indeed, to have been as numerous as the Pharisees (Ac 23:6). They showed their hatred of Jesus in taking part in his condemnation (Mt 16:21; 26:1-3,59; Mr 8:31; 15:1; Lu 9:22; 22:66). They endeavoured to prohibit the apostles from preaching the resurrection of Christ (Ac 2:24,31-32; 4:1-2; 5:17,24-28). They were the deists or sceptics of that age. They do not appear as a separate sect after the destruction of Jerusalem.
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And seeing many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming to his immersion, he said to them, O generation of vipers, who has indicated to you to flee from the wrath about to come?
And the Pharisees and Sadducees having come, tempting, asked him to shew them a sign from heaven. And he having answered, said to them, It being evening, ye say, Calm weather: for the heaven is fiery red. read more. And in the morning, Today, wintry weather: for heaven, being sad, is fiery red. Hypocrites, truly ye know to decide the face of heaven, but the signs of the times ye cannot. An evil and adulterous generation seeks for a sign; and no sign shall be given her, except the sign of Jonas the prophet. And having left them, he departed.
From then Jesus began to shew to his disciples, that he must depart to Jerusalem, and suffer many things from the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and be raised in the third day.
In that day the Sadducees came to him, they saying there is to be no rising up: and they asked him,
And it was when Jesus finished all the words, he said to his disciples Ye know that after two days is the passover, and the Son of man shall be delivered to be crucified. read more. Then were gathered together the chief priests, and scribes, and the more ancient of the people, into the court-yard of the chief priest, called Caliaphas,
And the chief priests, and the elders, and the whole council sought false testimony against Jesus, so that they might put him to death;
And he began to teach them that the Son of man must suffer many things, and be disapproved of by the elders, and the chief priests, and scribes, and be killed, and after three days rise up.
And the Sadducees come to him, who say there is no rising up; and they asked him, saying, Teacher, Moses wrote to us, That if any one's brother die, and leave his wife, and leave no children, that his brother should take his wife, and raise up seed to his brother. read more. There were seven brethren: and the first took a wife, and dying left no seed. And the second took her, and died, and neither left he seed: and the third likewise. And the seven took her, and left no seed: and the woman died last of all. Therefore in the rising up, when they should rise, to which of them shall the woman be? for the seven had her a wife. And Jesus having answered, said to them, For this do ye not go astray, not knowing the writings, nor the power of God? For when they arise from the dead, they neither marry, nor are given in marriage, but are as the messengers which in the heavens. And concerning the dead that they are raised: have ye not read in the book of Moses, at the bramble, how God spake to him, I the God of Abraham, and God of Isaac, and God of Jacob He is not God of the dead, but God of the living; ye therefore go astray greatly.
And quickly the chief priests having made counsel with the more ancient and scribes and the whole council, having bound Jesus, led away, and delivered to Pilate.
Saying, That the Son of man must suffer many things, and be disapproved of by the more ancient and the chief priests and the scribes, and be slain, and be raised up the third day.
And certain of the Sadducees having approached, speaking against there being a rising up, asked him, Saying, Teacher, Moses wrote to us, If any one's brother die. having a wife, and he die without children, that his brother should take the wife, and raise up seed to his brother. read more. Therefore were there seven brethren: and the first having taken a wife, died without children. And the second took the wife, and he died without children. And the third took her; and likewise also the seven: and they left no children, and died. And after all died the woman also. Then in the rising up, whose wife of them is she for seven had her a wife. And Jesus having answered, said to them, The sons of this life marry, and are given in marriage And they having been deemed worthy to obtain that life, and the rising up of the dead, neither marry, nor are given in marriage: For neither can they die any more: for they are like to messengers; and are sons of God, being the sons of the rising up. And that the dead are raised, Moses made known at the bramble, when he calls the Lord, God of Abraham, God of Isaac, and God of Jacob. And he is not God of the dead, but of the living: for all live to him.
And when it was day, the council of elders of the people was gathered together, and the chief priests and scribes, and they brought him to their council,
Whom God raised up, having loosed the pains of death: as it was not possible for him to be holden of it.
Foreknowing, he spake of the rising up of Christ, that his soul was not left in hades, neither did his flesh see corruption. This Jesus God raised up, of which all we are witnesses.
And they speaking to the people, the priests, and commander of the temple, and the Sadducees, resisted them, Being exercised because they taught the people, and announced in Jesus the rising up from the dead.
And the chief priest having risen, and all they with him, (the sect being of the Sadducees,) they were filled with zeal,
And when the priest and captain of the temple and chief priests heard these words, they were in doubt of them, what this might be. And a certain one having come near, announced to them, saying, That, behold, the men which ye put in prison are standing in the temple, and teaching the people. read more. Then the commander having gone with attendants, brought them, not with force: for they feared the people, lest they might be stoned. And having brought them, they set in the council: and the chief priest asked them, Saying, Did we not announce to you by order, not to teach by this name? and, behold, ye have filled Jerusalem with your teaching, and ye desire to bring upon us this man's blood.
And Paul having known that one part is of the Sadducees, and the other of the Pharisees, cried in the council, Men, brethren, I am a Pharisee, son of a Pharisee: for the hope and rising up of the dead am I judged.
Fausets
Mt 3:7; 6/1/type/juliasmith'>16:1,6,11-12; 22:23,34; Mr 12:18; Lu 20:27; Ac 4:1; 5:17; 23:6-8. Matthew (as distinguished from Mark) does not usually explain Jewish usages, taking for granted that his readers are familiar with them. His deviating from his wont to explain "the S. say there is no resurrection" is cleared up by what Josephus (Ant. 18:1, section 4) states "the doctrine of the Sadducees is that the soul and body perish together; the law is all that they are concerned to, observe; this doctrine however has not many followers, but those of the highest rank, ... almost nothing of public business falls into their hands." See also his B. J., ii. 8, section 14. Thus the Jews might easily be ill informed as to the dogmas of a sect, small in numbers, raised above those masses to whom Matthew addresses himself, and to whom therefore his information would not have been superfluous.
Another undesigned coincidence, confirming the sacred writers accuracy, is that the opposition to Christ in the Gospels is almost exclusively on the part of the Pharisees (Mt 23:29,32; Joh 11:57; 18:3) and His denunciations are mainly against these; but in Acts on the part of the Sadducees (Ac 4:1; 5:17; 23:6,8). Why so? Because the resurrection of the dead (the doctrine denied by the Sadducees), which was scarcely understood during the Gospels' period (Mr 9:10), became the leading doctrine of Christianity in connection with the apostles' witness for Christ's resurrection at the time described in Ac 1:22; 2:32; 3:12; 4:2 (Greek "preached in the person of Jesus the resurrection from the dead"), Ac 4:10; 5:31; 10:40; and was therefore bitterly opposed by the Sadducees.
John never mentions them, and no writing of theirs has come down to us. They denied the oral and upheld the written law. Rabbi Nathan (first mentioned in the Aruch, a rabbiical dictionary, A.D. 1105) states that Antigonus of Socho (mentioned in the Mishna, Avoth 1, as having received the oral law from Simon the Just, last of the great synagogue). had two disciples, who in turn taught disciples his saying "be not like servants who serve their master for the sake of reward, but serve without view of reward"; and that the disciples reasoned, "if our fathers had known that there is another world, and a resurrection of the dead, they would not have spoken thus"; so they separated themselves from the law (and denied there is another world and a resurrection); "so there arose two sects, the Zadokites from Zadok, and Baithusians from Baithos." But this does not justify the modern notion that Zadok himself misinterpreted Antigonus' saying; still the Sadducees might claim this Zadok as their head.
But the Zadok from whom the Sadducees are named may be rather the famous Zadok who superseded Abiathar under Solomon (1Ki 2:35); "the house of Zadok," "the sons of Zadok," "the seed of Zadok" are named with preeminent honour in 2Ch 31:10; Eze 40:46; 42:19; 44:15; 48:11; so they became a kind of sacerdotal aristocracy, including the high priests' families; compare Mishna, Sanhed. iv. 2, which ordains that only priests, Levites, and Israelites whose daughters might marry priests, were "clean" so as to be judges in capital trials; also Ac 5:17, "the high-priest, and all that were with him, which is the sect of the Sadducees." Besides their reasonable denial of an oral law, which the Pharisees maintained was transmitted by Moses, the Sadducees denied the resurrection because it is not explicitly stated in Moses' Pentateuch, the legislator's sanctions of the law being primarily temporal rewards and punishments (Ex 20:12; 23:25-26; De 7:12-15; 28:1-12,15-68).
Christ (Mt 22:31-32; Lu 20:37) however shows that even Ex 3:6,16 suffices to prove the resurrection; and Hebrew 11 quotes the patriarchs as examples of a faith which looked beyond the present for eternal rewards. Job (Job 19:26), Isaiah (Isa 26:19), Daniel (Da 12:2), and David (Psalm 16; Psalm 17) express the same faith, the germ of which is in the Pentateuch (See RESURRECTION.) The Pharisees, though wrong in maintaining oral tradition as obligatory, yet preserved in respect to the resurrection the faith of the fathers. In Ac 23:8 "the Sadducees" are said to disbelieve in "angel or spirit"; but angels are often introduced in the Pentateuch, which the Sadducees admitted (Ge 16:7; 19:1; 22:11; 28:12; Ex 23:20; Nu 22:23); and Josephus and the Mishna do not mention their disbelief of angels.
Probably it is only their disbelief of angelic communications to men in their time, such as the Pharisees suggested (Ac 23:9) may have been made to Paul, that the Sadducees denied. Josephus states, "the Pharisees say that some things are the work of fate (he should have said God's providence; he uses the Roman mode of expression), but others in our own power to be or not to be; the Essenes, that fate rules all things. The Sadducees make all things in the power of ourselves as the causes of our good things, and meeting with evils through our own inconsiderateness" (Ant. 18:1, section 3; B. J. 2:8, section 14).
The Sadducees, though giving paramount authority to Moses' Pentateuch, did not as Epiphanius asserts (Haer. 14) reject the other Scriptures; for Josephus would certainly have mentioned it were it so. After the fall of Jerusalem the Sadducees doctrine disappeared, the afflicted Jews instinctively turning for consolation from the sad present to the bright hope of an eternal future life. The Sadducees, the Pharisees, and the Herodians of Jesus' day represent the three schools antagonistic to vital Christianity in our days: infidelity; superstition, spiritualism and spiritual pride; worldly compromise. This "leaven" (see Le 2:11; 1Co 5:8) Jesus warns against; called "doctrine" in Mt 16:12, "hypocrisy" in Lu 12:1, "the leaven of Herod" Mr 8:15; Antichrist's antitrinity, the three frogs out of the mouth of the dragon, the false prophet, and the beast (Re 16:13-14).
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And the messenger of Jehovah shall find her by a fountain of water in the wilderness, by the fountain in the way to Shur.
And two messengers shall come to Sodom in the evening; and Lot will sit in the gate of Sodom; and Lot will see, and will rise up to meet them, and will bow himself with the face to the earth.
And the messenger of Jehovah will call to him out of the heavens, and will say, Abraham, Abraham. And he will say, Behold me.
And he will dream, and behold a ladder placed in the earth, and the head of it reaching to the heavens: and behold the messengers of God ascending and descending upon it.
And he will say, I am the God of thy father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaak and the God of Jacob. And Moses will hide his face, for he will be afraid to look to God.
Come, and gather together the old men of Israel, and say to them, Jehovah, the God of your fathers, was seen to me, the God of Abraham, Isaak and Jacob, saying, Reviewing, I reviewed you and what was done to you in Egypt
Honor thy father and thy mother, so that thy days shall be prolon upon the land which Jehovah thy gave to thee.
Behold, I send a messenger before thee to guard thee in the way, and to bring thee to the place which I prepared.
And serve ye Jehovah your God, and he blessed thy bread, and thy waters; and I turned away disease from the midst of thee. And there shall not be bereaving of children or barren upon thy land: the number of thy days I will fill up.
Every gift which ye shall bring near to Jehovah shall not be made leavened: for all leaven and all honey ye shall not burn from it a sacrifice to Jehovah.
And the ass will see the messenger of Jehovah standing in the way, and his sword drawn in his hand: and the ass will turn from the way and go into the field: and Balaam will strike the ass to turn her in the way.
And it was because ye shall hear these judgments, and watch them and do them, and Jehovah thy God watched to thee the covenant and. the mercy which he sware to thy fathers: And he loved thee and blessed thee, and multiplied thee: and he blest the fruit of thy womb, and the fruit of thy land, thy grain and thy new wine and thy new oil, and the young of thy cows and thy flocks of sheep, upon the land which he sware to thy fathers to give to thee. read more. Thou shalt be blessed above all peoples: there shall not be in thee barren male and female, and in thy cattle. And Jehovah turned away from thee all sickness; and all the evil did-eases of Egypt which thou knewest, he will not put upon thee: and he will give them upon all hating thee.
And it being if hearing thou shalt hear to the voice of Jehovah thy God, to watch and to do all his commands that I command thee this day, and Jehovah thy God gave thee high above all the nations of the earth. And all these blessings came upon thee and overtook thee, when thou shalt hear to the voice of Jehovah thy God. read more. Blessed thou in the city, blessed thou in the field. Blessed the fruit of thy belly, and the fruit of thy land, and the fruit of thy cattle, the offspring of thine oxen and the flocks of thy sheep. Blessed thy basket and thy remainders. Blessed thou in thy coming in, and blessed thou in thy going out Jehovah will give thine enemies rising up against thee smitten before thy face; in one way shall they come forth against thee, and in seven ways shall they flee before thy face. Jehovah will command with thee the blessing in thy store-houses, and in all the sending forth of thy hand; and he blessed thee in the land which Jehovah thy God gave to thee. Jehovah will raise thee up to him for a holy people, as he sware to thee, when thou shalt watch the commands of Jehovah thy God and go in his ways. And all the peoples of the earth saw that the name of Jehovah was called upon thee; and they were afraid of thee. And Jehovah made thee to abound for good in the fruit of thy belly, and in the fruit of thy cattle, and in the fruit of thy land, upon the land which Jehovah sware to thy fathers to give to thee. Jehovah will open to thee his good store, the heavens to give the rain of thy land in its time, and to bless all the doing of thy hand: and thou didst lend to many nations, and thou shalt not borrow.
And it being, if thou shalt not hear to the voice of Jehovah thy God, to watch to do all his commands and his laws which I command thee this day; and all these curses came upon thee, and overtook thee: Cursed thou in the city, and cursed thou in the field. read more. Cursed thy basket and thy remainders. Cursed the fruit of thy belly, and the fruit of thy land, the offspring of thine oxen, and the flocks of thy sheep. Cursed thou in thy coming in, and cursed thou in thy going out Jehovah will send upon thee the curse and the consternation, and the rebuke, upon all the sending forth of thy hand which thou shalt do, till he destroyed thee, and till he caused thee to perish quickly: on account of the evil of thy works by which thou forsookest me. Jehovah shall cleave upon thee death, till his consuming thee from the land which thou wentest there to possess it Jehovah shall strike thee with consumption, and with burning fever, and with inflammation, and with sword and with burning, and with blasting, and with yellowness: and they shall pursue thee till he have destroyed thee. And the heavens which over thy head were brass, and the earth which is under thee, iron. Jehovah will give the rain of thy land dust and clay: from the heavens shall it come down upon thee, till he destroyed thee. And Jehovah will give thee smitten before thine enemies: in one way thou shalt go forth against him, and in seven ways shalt thou flee before his face; and thou wert for a shaking to all the kingdoms of the earth. And thy carcass was for food to all the birds of the heavens and to the cattle of the earth, and none terrifying. Jehovah shall strike thee with the burning sore of Egypt, and with tumors, and with scratching, and with the itch of which thou shalt not be able to be healed. Jehovah will strike thee with madness and with blindness and with astonishment of heart; And thou wert groping at noon as the blind shall grope in darkness, and thou shalt not succeed with thy ways: and thou wert only oppressed and stripped all the days, and none saving. Thou shalt betroth a wife, and another man shall lie with her: thou shalt build a house and shall not dwell in it; thou shalt plant a vineyard and thou shalt not lay it open. Thine ox slaughtered before thine eyes and thou shalt not eat from it: thine ass stripped from before thee and shall not turn back to thee; thy sheep, given to thine enemies, and none to thee saving. Thy sons and thy daughters given to another people, and thine eyes seeing and failing for them all the day: and nothing for the strength of thy hand. The fruit of thy land and all thy labors, a people which thou knewest not shall eat: and thou wert only oppressed and broken all the days. And thou wert mad from the sight of thine eyes which thou shalt see. Jehovah shall strike thee with an evil burning sore upon thy knees and upon thy legs, which thou shalt not be able to heal from the sole of thy foot to thy crown. Jehovah shall lead thee, and thy king which thou shalt set up over thee, to a nation which thou knewest not thou and thy fathers; and thou servedst there other gods, wood and stone. And thou wert for an astonishment, for a parable, for a sharp saying in all the peoples where Jehovah shall lead thee there. Thou shalt bring out much seed to thy field, and shalt gather little, for the locust shall devour it Thou shalt plant vineyards and thou shalt work; and thou shalt not drink the wine, and thou shalt not gather, for the worm shall eat it Olive trees shall be to thee in all thy boundaries, and thou shalt not be anointed with oil, for thine olive shall slip away. And thou shalt beget sons and daughters, and they shall not be to thee, for they shall go into captivity. All thy wood and the fruit of thy land shall the grasshopper seize. The stranger which is in the midst of thee shall go up above thee, going up, going up; and thou shalt go down beneath, beneath. He shall lend to thee and thou shalt not lend to him: he shall be for head, and thou shalt be for tail. And all these curses came upon thee and pursued thee and overtook thee, till he destroyed thee; for thou heardst not to the voice of Jehovah thy God, to watch his commands and his laws which he commanded thee. And they were upon thee for a sign and for a wonder, and upon thy seed even to forever. Because that thou servedst not Jehovah thy God injoy and in a good heart for the multitude of all things. And thou servedst thine enemies which Jehovah shall send forth against thee in hunger and in thirst, and in nakedness, and in want of all things and he gave a yoke of iron upon thy neck till his destroying thee. Jehovah shall raise up against thee a nation from far off, from the extremity of the earth, as the eagle shall fly, whose tongue thou shalt not hear; A nation strong of face who shall not lift up the face to the old man, and shall not compassionate the young. And it shall eat the fruit of thy cattle, and the fruit of thy land till he destroyed thee: which shall not leave to thee grain, new wine or new oil, the offspring of thine oxen and the flocks of thy sheep, till his destroying thee. And he passed upon thee in all thy gates until the coming down of thy high and inaccessible fortresses which thou trustest in them in all thy land: and he passed upon thee in all thy gates in all thy land which Jehovah thy God gave to thee. And thou atest the fruit of thy belly, the flesh of thy sons and thy daughters, which Jehovah thy God gave to thee, in the distress and in the straitness which thine enemy shall press upon thee: The man tender in thee, and very delicate, his eye shall be evil upon his brother, and upon the wife of his bosom, and upon the remainder of his sons which he shall leave: The gift to one of them of the flesh of his sons which he shall eat from: nothing remaining to him of all things in the distress and in the straitness which his enemy shall press upon thee in all thy gates. She tender and delicate in thee, who tried not to set the sole of her foot upon the earth from delicateness and tenderness, her eye shall be evil upon the husband of her bosom, and upon her son, and upon her daughter, And upon her afterbirth coming forth from between her feet, and upon her sons which she shall bear: for she will eat them in want of all things, in secret, in the distress and in the straitness which thine enemy shall press upon thee in thy gates. If thou shalt not watch to do all the words of this law being written in this book, to fear this honored and fearful name JEHOVAH THY GOD; And Jehovah made thy smiting wonderful, and the smitings of thy seed, great and lasting blows, and evil and lasting diseases. And he turned back upon thee all the sicknesses of Egypt, of which thou west afraid from their face, and they did cleave to thee. Also every disease and every blow which is not written in the book of this law, Jehovah will bring them up upon thee, till he destroyed thee. And ye were left few in extension, instead of which ye were as the stars of the heavens for multitude, because thou heardst not to the voice of Jehovah thy God. And it being as Jehovah rejoiced over you to do you good and to multiply you, so Jehovah shall rejoice over you to destroy you and to cut you off; and ye were torn away from the land which thou wentest in there to possess it. And Jehovah scattered thee among all peoples from the end of the earth even to the end of the earth; and thou servedst there other gods which thou knewest not, thou and thy fathers, wood and stone. And among these nations thou shalt not rest, and there shall not be rest to the sole of thy foot: and Jehovah gave to thee there a trembling heart and a wasting away of the eyes, and a faintnesss of soul. And thy lives were hung before thee; and thou wert afraid night and day, and thou shalt not trust to thy life In the morning thou shalt say, Who shall give evening? and in the evening thou shalt say, Who shall give morning? from the feat of thy heart which thou shalt fear, and from the sight of thine eyes which thou shalt see. And Jehovah turned thee back to Egypt in ships, in the way; which I said to thee, Thou shalt not add more to see it: and ye were sold there to thine enemies for servants, and for maids, and none buying
And the king will give Benaiah son of Jehoida instead of him over the army: and Zadok the priest, the king gave instead of Abiathar.
And Azariah the head priest for the house of Zadok will say to him and he will say, From the beginning to bring the oblations into the house of Jehovah, eating and being filled, and leaving even to abundance: for Jehovah blessed his people; and that being left this multitude.
And after they destroyed my skin, this, and from my flesh I shall see God:
Thy dead shall live, with my corpse shall they rise. Awake and shout, ye dwelling in dust: for the dew of brightness is thy dew, and the land of the shades shall fall.
And the cell whose face the way of the north, for the priests watching the watches of the altar: they the sons of Zadok drawing near from the sons of Levi, to Jehovah to serve him.
He turned to the wind of the sea, he measured five hundred reeds by the reed of measure.
And the priests the Levites, sons of Zadok, who watched the watches of my holy place in the going astray of the sons of Israel from me, they shall draw near to me to serve me, and they stood before me to bring near to me the fat and the blood, says the Lord Jehovah:
To the priests being consecrated: of the sons of Zadok, who watched my watches, who went not astray in the going astray of the sons of Israel, as the Levites went astray.
And many sleeping in the earth of dust shall awake, these to eternal life, and these to reproach and eternal abhorrence.
And seeing many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming to his immersion, he said to them, O generation of vipers, who has indicated to you to flee from the wrath about to come?
And the Pharisees and Sadducees having come, tempting, asked him to shew them a sign from heaven.
And Jesus said to them, Attend and keep from the leaven of the Pharisees and the Sadducees.
How do ye not understand that I spake not to you concerning bread, to keep from the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees? Then understood they that he spake, not to keep from the leaven of bread, but from the teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees.
Then understood they that he spake, not to keep from the leaven of bread, but from the teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees.
In that day the Sadducees came to him, they saying there is to be no rising up: and they asked him,
And for the rising up of the dead, read ye not that spoken by God, saying, I am God of Abraham, and God of Isaac, and God of Jacob? God is not the God of the dead, but of the living.
And the Pharisees having heard that he muzzled the Sadducees, were gathered upon the same.
Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye build the tombs of the prophets, and deck the monuments of the just,
And fill ye up yourselves the measure of your fathers.
And he enjoined them, saying, See ye, look away from the leaven of the Pharisees, and the leaven of Herod.
And they held the word firmly to themselves, searching out together what it is to arise from the dead.
And the Sadducees come to him, who say there is no rising up; and they asked him, saying,
Upon which, myriads of the crowd having been gathered together, so as to tread upon one another, he began to speak to his disciples first, Keep yourselves from the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy.
And certain of the Sadducees having approached, speaking against there being a rising up, asked him,
And that the dead are raised, Moses made known at the bramble, when he calls the Lord, God of Abraham, God of Isaac, and God of Jacob.
And also the chief priests and Pharisees had given a command, that if any know where he is, he should make known, that they might take him.
Then Judas, having taken a band and attendants from the chief priests and Pharisees, comes there with lights and torches and weapons.
Having begun from the immersion of John, unto the day which he was taken up from us, be one of these a witness with you of his rising up.
This Jesus God raised up, of which all we are witnesses.
And Peter, having seen, answered to the people, men, Israelites, why wonder ye at this? or why look ye intently at us, as by our own power or devotion having made him to walk?
And they speaking to the people, the priests, and commander of the temple, and the Sadducees, resisted them,
And they speaking to the people, the priests, and commander of the temple, and the Sadducees, resisted them, Being exercised because they taught the people, and announced in Jesus the rising up from the dead.
Be it known to all you, and to all the people of Israel, that in the name of Jesus Christ the Nazarite, whom ye crucified, whom God raised from the dead, in this he stands before you whole.
And the chief priest having risen, and all they with him, (the sect being of the Sadducees,) they were filled with zeal,
And the chief priest having risen, and all they with him, (the sect being of the Sadducees,) they were filled with zeal,
And the chief priest having risen, and all they with him, (the sect being of the Sadducees,) they were filled with zeal,
This, God exalted, a Chief and Saviour, with his right hand to give repentance to Israel, and remission of sins.
Him God raised the third day, and gave him to be manifest;
And Paul having known that one part is of the Sadducees, and the other of the Pharisees, cried in the council, Men, brethren, I am a Pharisee, son of a Pharisee: for the hope and rising up of the dead am I judged.
And Paul having known that one part is of the Sadducees, and the other of the Pharisees, cried in the council, Men, brethren, I am a Pharisee, son of a Pharisee: for the hope and rising up of the dead am I judged. And he having spoken this, there was a dissension of the Pharisees and Sadducees: and the multitude was divided. read more. For truly the Sadducees say there is no rising up, neither messenger, nor spirit: and the Pharisees acknowledge both.
For truly the Sadducees say there is no rising up, neither messenger, nor spirit: and the Pharisees acknowledge both.
For truly the Sadducees say there is no rising up, neither messenger, nor spirit: and the Pharisees acknowledge both. And there was a great cry: and the scribes of the Pharisees' part, having risen, struggled with obstinacy, saying, We find nothing evil in this man: but if a spirit or messenger spake to him, we should not contend against God.
And I saw out of the mouth of the dragon, and out of the mouth of the wild beast, and out of the mouth of the false prophet, three unclean spirits like frogs. For they are the spirits of demons, doing signs, to go out upon all the kings of the earth and of the whole habitable globe, to gather them together for the war of that great day of God, the Omnipotent Ruler.
Hastings
Probably the name 'Sadducee' is derived from the name Zadok, a notable priest in the time of David and Solomon (2Sa 8:17; 15:24; 1Ki 1:34). His descendants long played the leading part among the priests, so that Ezekiel regarded them as the only legitimate priests (Eze 40:46; 43:19; 44:15; 48:11). The name indicates the fact that is most decisive for the right understanding of the Sadducees. About the year 200 b.c., when party lines were beginning to be drawn, the name was chosen to point out the party of the priests. That is not saying that no priest could be a Pharisee or a Scribe. Neither is it saying that all the priests were Sadducees. In our Lord's time many of the poor priests were Pharisees. But the higher priestly families and the priests as a body were Sadducees. With them were joined the majority of the aristocratic lay families of Jud
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And Zadok, son of Ahitub, and Ahimelech, son of Abiathar, the priests; and Seraiah, scribe.
And behold, also Zadok, and all the Levites with him, lifting up the ark of the covenant of God; and they placed the ark of God: and Abiathar will go up till all the people finished passing over from the city.
And the cell whose face the way of the north, for the priests watching the watches of the altar: they the sons of Zadok drawing near from the sons of Levi, to Jehovah to serve him.
And give to the priests the Levites, those which are of the seed of Zadok, drawing near to me, says the Lord Jehovah, to save me, a bullock, son of a cow, for sin.
And the priests the Levites, sons of Zadok, who watched the watches of my holy place in the going astray of the sons of Israel from me, they shall draw near to me to serve me, and they stood before me to bring near to me the fat and the blood, says the Lord Jehovah:
To the priests being consecrated: of the sons of Zadok, who watched my watches, who went not astray in the going astray of the sons of Israel, as the Levites went astray.
In that day the Sadducees came to him, they saying there is to be no rising up: and they asked him,
And the Sadducees come to him, who say there is no rising up; and they asked him, saying,
And certain of the Sadducees having approached, speaking against there being a rising up, asked him,
For truly the Sadducees say there is no rising up, neither messenger, nor spirit: and the Pharisees acknowledge both.
For truly the Sadducees say there is no rising up, neither messenger, nor spirit: and the Pharisees acknowledge both.
Morish
Next to the Pharisees, the Sadducees were the most prominent sect of the Jews. The Pharisees made proselytes, but the Sadducees were much more exclusive, and therefore remained fewer in number. They did not believe in the resurrection, nor in angels, nor in spirits: they held that the soul perished with the body. Mt 22:23; Ac 4:1-2; 23:8. Though strict in regard to the written law of Moses, they repudiated the traditions of the elders, or what is called the oral law. They believed that God punished a man's sins during his life, and that man's will was free, and he had power to restrain his passions. In consequence of this they were severe judges. The Lord Jesus warned His disciples against their doctrines, and denounced them as the 'offspring of vipers.' The tenets of the modern rationalists have much in common with the Sadducees.
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In that day the Sadducees came to him, they saying there is to be no rising up: and they asked him,
And they speaking to the people, the priests, and commander of the temple, and the Sadducees, resisted them, Being exercised because they taught the people, and announced in Jesus the rising up from the dead.
For truly the Sadducees say there is no rising up, neither messenger, nor spirit: and the Pharisees acknowledge both.
Smith
Sad'ducees
(followers of Zadok),
Mt 3:7; 6/1/type/juliasmith'>16:1,6,11-12; 22:23,31; Mr 12:18; Lu 20:27; Ac 4:1; 5:17; 23:6-7,8
a religious party or school among the Jews at the time of Christ, who denied that the oral law was a revelation of God to the Israelites. and who deemed the written law alone to be obligatory on the nation, as of divine authority. Except on one occasion.
6/1/type/juliasmith'>Mt 16:1,4,6
Christ never assailed the Sadducees with the same bitter denunciations which he uttered against the Pharisees. The origin of their name is involved in great difficulties, but the most satisfactory conjecture is that the Sadducees or Zadokites were originally identical with the sons of Zadok, and constituted what may be termed a kind of sacerdotal aristocracy, this Zadok being the priest who declared in favor of Solomon when Abiathar took the part of Adonijah.
To these sons of Zadok were afterward attached all who for any reason reckoned themselves as belonging to the aristocrats; such, for example, as the families of the high priest, who had obtained consideration under the dynasty of Herod. These were for the most part judges, and individuals of the official and governing class. This explanation elucidates at once
The leading tenet of the Sadducees was the negation of the leading tenet of their opponents. As the Pharisees asserted so the Sadducees denied, that the Israelites were in possession of an oral law transmitted to them by Moses, [PHARISEES] In opposition to the Pharisees, they maintained that the written law alone was obligatory on the nation, as of divine authority. The second distinguishing doctrine of the Sadducees was the denial of man's resurrection after death. In connection with the disbelief of a resurrection by the Sadducees, they likewise denied there was "angel or spirit,"
See Pharisees
and also the doctrines of future punishment and future rewards. Josephus states that the Sadducees believed in the freedom of the will, which the Pharisees denied. They pushed this doctrine so far as almost to exclude God from the government of the world. Some of the early Christian writers attribute to the Sadducees the rejection of all the sacred Scriptures except the Pentateuch; a statement, however, that is now generally admitted to have been founded on a misconception of the truth, and it seems to have arisen from a confusion of the Sadducees with the Samaritans. An important fact in the history of the Sadducees is their rapid disappearance from history after the first century, and the subsequent predominance among the Jews of the opinions of the Pharisees. Two circumstances contributed, indirectly but powerfully, to produce this result: 1st. The state of the Jews after the capture of Jerusalem by Titus; and 2d. The growth of the Christian religion. As to the first point, it is difficult to overestimate the consternation and dismay which the destruction of Jerusalem occasioned in the minds of sincerely-religious Jews. In their hour of darkness and anguish they naturally turned to the consolations and hopes of a future state; and the doctrine of the Sadducees, that there was nothing beyond the present life, would have appeared to them cold, heartless and hateful. Again, while they were sunk in the lowest depths of depression, a new religion, which they despised as a heresy and a superstition, was gradually making its way among the subjects of their detested conquerors, the Romans. One of the causes of its success was undoubtedly the vivid belief in the resurrection of Jesus and a consequent resurrection of all mankind, which was accepted by its heathen converts with a passionate earnestness of which those who at the present day are familiar from infancy with the doctrine of the resurrection of the dead call form only a faint idea. To attempt to chock the progress of this new religion among the Jews by an appeal to the temporary rewards and punishments of the Pentateuch would have been as idle as an endeavor to check an explosive power by ordinary mechanical restraints. Consciously, therefore, or unconsciously, many circumstances combined to induce the Jews who were not Pharisees, but who resisted the new heresy, to rally round the standard of the oral law, and to assert that their holy legislator, Moses, had transmitted to his faithful people by word of mouth, although not in writing, the revelation of a future state of rewards and punishments.
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And king David will say, Call to me for Zadok the priest, and for Nathan the prophet, and for Benaiah the son of Jehoida. And they will come in before the king. And the king will say to them, Take with you the servants of your lord and cause Solomon my son to ride upon the mule which is to me, and bring down to Gihon: read more. And Zadok the priest anointed him there, and Nathan the prophet, for king over Israel: and strike ye upon the trumpet and say, King Solomon shall live. And come up after him, and he coming, and he shall sit upon my throne, and he shall reign instead of me: and I commanded him to be ruler over Israel and over Judah. And Benaiah, son of Jehoida, will answer the king and say, Verily: so will Jehovah say, the God of my lord the king. As Jehovah was with my lord the king, so will he be with Solomon, and he will magnify his throne above the throne of my lord, king David. And Zadok the priest will go down, and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah son of Jehoida, and the Cherethites and the Pelethites, and they will cause Solomon to ride upon king David's mule, and they will cause him to go to Gihon. And Zadok the priest will take a horn of oil from the tent and will anoint Solomon; and they will strike upon the trumpet, and all the people will say, King Solomon shall live. And all the people will go up after him, and the people piping with pipes and rejoicing with great joy, and the earth will break forth with their voice. And Adonijah will hear, and all being called with him, and they finished eating. And Joab will hear the voice of the trumpet, and say, Wherefore the voice of the city put in motion? He yet speaking, and behold, Jonathan son of Abiathar the priest came in; and Adonijah will say, Come in, for thou a man of strength, and thou wilt announce good news. And Jonathan will answer and say to Adonijah, Truly our lord king David made Solomon king. And the king will send with him Zadok the priest, and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah son of Jehoida, and the Cherethites and the Pelethites, and they will cause him to ride upon the kings mule: And Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet will anoint him for king in Gihon: and they will go up from thence rejoicing, and the city will be put in motion: this the voice which ye heard.
And seeing many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming to his immersion, he said to them, O generation of vipers, who has indicated to you to flee from the wrath about to come?
And the Pharisees and Sadducees having come, tempting, asked him to shew them a sign from heaven.
And the Pharisees and Sadducees having come, tempting, asked him to shew them a sign from heaven.
An evil and adulterous generation seeks for a sign; and no sign shall be given her, except the sign of Jonas the prophet. And having left them, he departed.
And Jesus said to them, Attend and keep from the leaven of the Pharisees and the Sadducees.
And Jesus said to them, Attend and keep from the leaven of the Pharisees and the Sadducees.
How do ye not understand that I spake not to you concerning bread, to keep from the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees? Then understood they that he spake, not to keep from the leaven of bread, but from the teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees.
In that day the Sadducees came to him, they saying there is to be no rising up: and they asked him,
And for the rising up of the dead, read ye not that spoken by God, saying,
And the Sadducees come to him, who say there is no rising up; and they asked him, saying,
And certain of the Sadducees having approached, speaking against there being a rising up, asked him,
And they speaking to the people, the priests, and commander of the temple, and the Sadducees, resisted them,
And the chief priest having risen, and all they with him, (the sect being of the Sadducees,) they were filled with zeal,
And the chief priest having risen, and all they with him, (the sect being of the Sadducees,) they were filled with zeal,
And Paul having known that one part is of the Sadducees, and the other of the Pharisees, cried in the council, Men, brethren, I am a Pharisee, son of a Pharisee: for the hope and rising up of the dead am I judged. And he having spoken this, there was a dissension of the Pharisees and Sadducees: and the multitude was divided. read more. For truly the Sadducees say there is no rising up, neither messenger, nor spirit: and the Pharisees acknowledge both.
For truly the Sadducees say there is no rising up, neither messenger, nor spirit: and the Pharisees acknowledge both.
Watsons
SADDUCEES, a sect among the Jews. It is said that the principles of the Sadducees were derived from Antigonus Sochaeus, president of the sanhedrim, about B.C. 250, who, rejecting the traditionary doctrines of the scribes, taught that man ought to serve God out of pure love, and not from hope of reward, or fear of punishment; and that they derived their name from Sadoc, one of his followers, who, mistaking or perverting this doctrine, maintained that there was no future state of rewards and punishments. Whatever foundation there may be for this account of the origin of the sect, it is certain, that in the time of our Saviour the Sadducees denied the resurrection of the dead, Ac 23:8, and the existence of angels and spirits, or souls of departed men; though, as Mr. Hume observes, it is not easy to comprehend how they could at the same time admit the authority of the law of Moses. They carried their ideas of human freedom so far as to assert that men were absolutely masters of their own actions, and at full liberty to do either good or evil. Josephus even says that they denied the essential difference between good and evil; and, though they believed that God created and preserved the world, they seem to have denied his particular providence. These tenets, which resemble the Epicurean philosophy, led, as might be expected, to great profligacy of life; and we find the licentious wickedness of the Sadducees frequently condemned in the New Testament; yet they professed themselves obliged to observe the Mosaic law, because of the temporal rewards and punishments annexed to such observance; and hence they were always severe in their punishment of any crimes which tended to disturb the public tranquillity. The Sadducees rejected all tradition, and some authors have contended that they admitted only the books of Moses; but there seems no ground for that opinion, either in the Scriptures or in any ancient writer. Even Josephus, who was himself a Pharisee, and took every opportunity of reproaching the Sadducees, does not mention that they rejected any part of the Scriptures; he only says that "The Pharisees have delivered to the people many institutions as received from the fathers, which are not written in the law of Moses. For this reason the Sadducees reject these things, asserting that those things are binding which are written, but that the things received by tradition from the fathers are not to be observed." Beside, it is generally believed that the Sadducees expected the Messiah with great impatience, which seems to imply their belief in the prophecies, though they misinterpreted their meaning. Confining all their hopes to this present world, enjoying its riches, and devoting themselves to its pleasures, they might well be particularly anxious that their lot of life should be cast in the splendid reign of this expected temporal king, with the hope of sharing in his conquests and glory; but this expectation was so contrary to the lowly appearance of our Saviour, that they joined their inveterate enemies, the Pharisees, in persecuting him and his religion. Josephus says, that the Sadducees were able to draw over to them the rich only, the people not following them; and he elsewhere mentions that this sect spread chiefly among the young. The Sadducees were far less numerous than the Pharisees, but they were in general persons of greater opulence and dignity. The council before whom our Saviour and St. Paul were carried consisted partly of Pharisees and partly of Sadducees.
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For truly the Sadducees say there is no rising up, neither messenger, nor spirit: and the Pharisees acknowledge both.