Reference: Evil
Hastings
EVIL is an older form of the word 'ill'; used, both as substantive and adjective, to tr various synonyms and ranging in meaning from physical unfitness to moral wickedness. The former is archaic, but occurs in Ge 28:8 (Authorized Version margin), Ex 21:8 (Authorized Version margin), Jer 24:3 (AV), and Mt 7:18, though the two last passages are not without an ethical tinge. But the word almost invariably connotes what is either morally corrupt (see Sin) or injurious to life and happiness.
1. In the OT the two meanings are at first scarcely differentiated. Whatever comes to man from without is, to begin with, attributed simply to God (Am 3:6; La 3:38; Eze 14:9; Isa 45:7). Destruction is wrought by His angels (Ex 12:23; 2Sa 24:16; Ps 78:49). Moral temptations come from Him (2Sa 24:1; 1Ki 22:23), though there is a tendency to embody them in beings which, though belonging to the host of heaven, are spoken of as evil or lying spirits (1Sa 16:14; Jg 9:23; 1Ki 22:22). The serpent of the Fall narrative cannot be pressed to mean more than a symbol of temptation, though the form which the temptation takes suggests hostility to the will of God external to the spirit of the woman (2Co 11:3, cf. Ge 3:1-3). Then later we have the figure of the Adversary or Satan, who, though still dependent on the will of God, is nevertheless so identified with evil that he is represented as taking the initiative in seduction (Zec 3:1; 1Ch 21:1, but cf. 2Sa 24:1). This marks the growth of the sense of God's holiness (De 32:4 etc.), the purity which cannot behold evil (Hab 1:13); and correspondingly sharpens the problem. Heathen gods are now identified with demons opposed to the God of Israel (De 32:17; Ps 106:37; cf. 1Co 10:20). This tendency, increased perhaps by Persian influence, becomes dominant in apocryphal literature (2Pe 2:4 and Jude 1:6 are based on the Book of Enoch), where the fallen angels are a kingdom at war with the Kingdom of God.
2. In the NT moral evil is never ascribed to God (Jas 1:13), being essentially hostile to His mind and will (Ro 1:18-21; 5:10; 1Jo 1:5-7; 2:16,29; 3:4,9); but to the Evil One (Mt 6:13; 13:19; 1Jo 5:19), an active and personal being identical with the Devil (Mt 13:39; Joh 8:44) or Satan (Mt 4:10; Mr 4:15; Lu 22:31; Joh 13:27), who with his angels (Mt 25:41) is cast down from heaven (Re 12:9, cf. Lu 10:18), goes to and fro in the earth as the universal adversary (1Pe 5:8; Eph 4:27; 6:11; Jas 4:7), and will be finally imprisoned with his ministering spirits (Re 20:2,10, cf. Mt 25:41). Pain and suffering are ascribed sometimes to God (Re 3:19; 1Th 3:3; Heb 12:5-11), inasmuch as all things work together for good to those that love Him (Ro 8:28); sometimes to Satan (Lu 13:16; 2Co 12:7) and the demons (Mt 8:28 etc.), who are suffered to hurt the earth for a season (Re 9:1-11; 12:12).
The speculative question of the origin of evil is not resolved in Holy Scripture, being one of those things of which we are not competent judges (see Butler's Analogy, i. 7, cf. 1Co 13:12). Pain is justified by the redemption of the body (Ro 8:18-25; 1Pe 4:13), punishment by the peaceable fruits of righteousness (Heb 12:7-11), and the permission of moral evil by the victory of the Cross (Joh 12:31; Ro 8:37-39; Col 2:15; 1Co 15:24-28). Accept the facts and look to the end is the teaching of the Bible as a guide to practical religion (Jas 5:11). Beyond this we enter the region of that high theology which comprehensive thinkers like Aquinas or Calvin have not shrunk from formulating, but which, so far as it is dealt with in the NT, appears rather as a by-product of evangelical thought, than as the direct purpose of revelation (as, e.g., in Ro 9, where God's elective choice is stated only as the logical presupposition of grace). St. Paul is content to throw the responsibility for the moral facts of the universe upon God (Ro 9:19-24; cf. Job 33:12; Ec 5:2; Isa 29:16), who, however, is not defined as capricious and arbitrary power, but revealed as the Father, who loves the creatures of His hand, and has foreordained all things to a perfect consummation in Christ the Beloved (Eph 1:3-14 etc.).
J. G. Simpson.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
Now the serpent was more cunning than any beast of the field which LORD God had made. And he said to the woman, Yea, has God said, Ye shall not eat of any tree of the garden? And the woman said to the serpent, Of the fruit of the trees of the garden we may eat, read more. but of the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of the garden, God has said, Ye shall not eat of it, nor shall ye touch it, lest ye die.
And Esau saw that the daughters of Canaan did not please Isaac his father.
For LORD will pass through to smite the Egyptians, and when he sees the blood upon the lintel, and on the two side-posts, LORD will pass over the door, and will not allow the destroyer to come in to your houses to smite you.
If she does not please her master, who has espoused her to himself, then he shall let her be redeemed. He shall have no power to sell her to a foreign people, since he has dealt deceitfully with her.
The Rock, his work is perfect, for all his ways are justice, a God of faithfulness and without iniquity, just and right is he.
They sacrificed to demons, not God, to gods that they knew not, to new [gods] that came up of late, which your fathers did not dread.
There shall not any man be able to stand before thee all the days of thy life. As I was with Moses, so I will be with thee. I will not fail thee, nor forsake thee. Be strong and of good courage, for thou shall cause this people to inherit the land which I swore to their fathers to give them. read more. Only be strong and very courageous to observe to do according to all the law, which Moses my servant commanded thee. Turn not from it to the right hand or to the left, that thou may have good success wherever thou go.
And she said to them, Get you to the mountain lest the pursuers come upon you. And hide yourselves there three days, until the pursuers be returned, and afterward ye may go your way.
Yet there shall be a space between you and it, about two thousand cubits by measure. Do not come near to it, that ye may know the way by which ye must go, for ye have not passed this way heretofore.
And God sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the men of Shechem, and the men of Shechem dealt treacherously with Abimelech,
Now the Spirit of LORD departed from Saul, and an evil spirit from LORD troubled him.
And again the anger of LORD was kindled against Israel, and he moved David against them, saying, Go, number Israel and Judah.
And again the anger of LORD was kindled against Israel, and he moved David against them, saying, Go, number Israel and Judah.
Behold, I will answer thee. In this thou are not just, for God is greater than man.
He cast upon them the fierceness of his anger, wrath, and indignation, and trouble, a band of [heavenly] agents of evil.
Yea, they sacrificed their sons and their daughters to demons,
Be not rash with thy mouth, and let not thy heart be hasty to utter anything before God. For God is in heaven, and thou upon earth. Therefore let thy words be few.
Ye turn things upside down! Shall the potter be esteemed as clay, that the thing made should say of him who made it, He did not make me, or the thing formed say of him who formed it, He has no understanding?
I form the light, and create darkness. I make peace, and create evil. I am LORD who does all these things.
Then LORD said to me, What do thou see, Jeremiah? And I said, Figs. The good figs, very good, and the bad, very bad, that cannot be eaten they are so bad.
Out of the mouth of the Most High does there not come evil and good.
And if the prophet is deceived and speaks a word, I, LORD, have deceived that prophet. And I will stretch out my hand upon him, and will destroy him from the midst of my people Israel.
Shall the trumpet be blown in a city, and the people not be afraid? Shall evil befall a city, and LORD has not done it?
Thou who are of purer eyes than to behold evil, and who cannot look on perverseness, why do thou look upon those who deal treacherously, and hold thy peace when the wicked man swallows up the man who is more righteous than he,
And he showed me Joshua the high priest standing before the agent of LORD, and Satan standing at his right hand to be his adversary.
Then Jesus says to him, Get thee behind me, Satan, for it is written, Thou shall worship Lord thy God, and him only thou shall serve.
And bring us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil, because from thee is the kingdom and the power and the glory into the ages. Truly.
A good tree cannot produce bad fruits, nor a corrupt tree produce good fruits.
And upon his coming to the other side, into the country of the Gergesenes, two men being demon possessed met him, coming out of the sepulchers, exceedingly fierce, so that no man could pass by that way.
Of every man who hears the word of the kingdom, and does not understands it, evil comes, and snatches away what was sown in his heart. This is that which was sown by the wayside.
And the enemy who sowed them is the devil, and the harvest is the end of the age, and the reapers are heavenly agents.
Then he will also say to those at the left hand, Depart from me, ye accursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his agents.
Then he will also say to those at the left hand, Depart from me, ye accursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his agents.
And these are those by the path where the word is sown. And whenever they may hear, straightaway Satan comes, and takes away the word that has been sown in their hearts.
And he said to them, I beheld Satan fallen as lightning from the sky.
And ought not this woman, being a daughter of Abraham whom Satan has bound, lo, eighteen years, be loosed from this bond on the day of the Sabbath?
And the Lord said, Simon, Simon, behold, Satan demanded to have you to sift you as wheat,
Ye are from the father, the devil, and ye want to do the desires of your father. He was a man-killer from the beginning, and he has not stood in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaks a lie, he speaks from his
Now is the judgment of this world. Now the ruler of this world will be cast out.
And after the morsel, then Satan entered into that man. Jesus therefore says to him, What thou do, do more quickly.
For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all irreverence and unrighteousness of men, who suppress the truth in unrighteousness, because what is knowable of God is apparent in them, for God made it known to them. read more. For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things made, both his eternal power and divinity, for them to be without excuse. Because, although knowing God, they did not glorify him as God, nor were they thankful, but became vain in their reasonings and their heart was darkened without understanding.
For if, while being enemies, we were reconciled to God through the death of his Son, much more having been reconciled we will be saved by his life.
For I reckon that the sufferings of the present time are not comparable to the glory that is going to be revealed for us. For the eager expectation of the creation is waiting for the manifestation of the sons of God. read more. For the creation was made subject to futility, not willingly, but because of him who subjected it in hope. Because the creation itself will also be freed from the bondage of corruption into the liberty of the glory of the children of God. For we know that the whole creation is groaning and travailing together until now. And not only so, but also ourselves who have the first fruit of the Spirit. And we ourselves groan within ourselves, waiting for adoption, the redemption of our body. For we were saved to hope. But hope that is seen is not hope. For what is seen, why also hope for that? But if we hope for what we do not see, we wait through patience.
And we know that all things work together for good to those who love God, who are the called according to purpose.
But in all these things we are more than conquerors through him who loved us. For I am persuaded that neither death, nor life, nor heavenly agents, nor principal positions, nor powers, nor things that have come, nor things that are coming, read more. nor height, nor depth, nor any other creation, will be able to separate us from the love of God in Christ Jesus our Lord.
Thou will say to me therefore, Why does he still find fault? For who has resisted his purpose? Rather, O man, who are thou answering back to God? No, will the thing formed say to him who formed it, Why did thou make me this way? read more. Or has the potter no right over the clay, from the same lump certainly to make this vessel for esteem, and that for disesteem? And if God, wanting to show his wrath, and to make his power known, endured with much longsuffering vessels of wrath prepared for destruction, and that he might make known the wealth of his glory upon vessels of mercy, which he previously prepared for glory, even us whom he called, not only from Jews but also from Gentiles.
Rather, that which the Gentiles sacrifice, they sacrifice to demons and not to God, and I do not want you to become partakers of demons.
For now we see by polished metal, in dimness, but then face to face. Now I know in part, but then I will know just as also I was known.
But I fear lest somehow, as the serpent enticed Eve by his craftiness, so your thoughts might be corrupted from the simplicity in the Christ.
Blessed is the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has blessed us with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly things in Christ. Just as he chose us in him before the foundation of the world, for us to be holy and unblemished before him in love. read more. Who predestined us for sonship through Jesus Christ for himself, according to the desire of his will, for appreciation of the glory of his grace, by which he blessed us in him who is beloved. In whom we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of transgressions, according to the wealth of his grace, which he abounded for us in all wisdom and intelligence. Having made known to us the mystery of his will according to his desire, which he purposed within himself for an administration of the fullness of the times. To gather together all things in the Christ, things in the heavens and things upon the earth, in him in whom also we obtained an inheritance. Having been predestined according to the purpose of him who works all things according to the deliberation of his will. For us to be for appreciation of his glory, men who have first hoped in the Christ. In whom ye also, having heard the word of the truth, the good-news of your salvation, in whom also having believed, ye were sealed with the Holy Spirit of the promise, which is a pledge of our inheritance for the redemption of the acquired possession, for appreciation of his glory.
neither give place to the devil.
Put on the full armor of God to enable you to stand against the wiles of the devil.
Having stripped the principal offices and the positions of authority, he exposed them openly, having triumphed over them by it.
And have ye forgotten the exhortation that reasons with you as with sons, My son, do not disparage the chastening of Lord, nor become disheartened when punished by him? For whom Lord loves he chastens. And he whips every son whom he receives. read more. Because of chastening ye endure; God is treating you as with sons, for what son is there whom a father does not chasten?
Because of chastening ye endure; God is treating you as with sons, for what son is there whom a father does not chasten? And if ye are without chastening, of which all have become participants, then ye are bastards, and not sons.
And if ye are without chastening, of which all have become participants, then ye are bastards, and not sons. Besides, we indeed have had chastisers--the fathers of our flesh--and we were turned around. Shall we not much more be subordinate to the Father of the spirits, and we will live?
Besides, we indeed have had chastisers--the fathers of our flesh--and we were turned around. Shall we not much more be subordinate to the Father of the spirits, and we will live? For those men indeed for a few days chastened us according to that which seemed good to them, but he for that which is advantageous, in order to be partakers of his holiness.
For those men indeed for a few days chastened us according to that which seemed good to them, but he for that which is advantageous, in order to be partakers of his holiness. But of course no chastening for the present seems to be of joy but of sorrow, yet afterward it yields peaceable fruit of righteousness to those who have been trained by it.
But of course no chastening for the present seems to be of joy but of sorrow, yet afterward it yields peaceable fruit of righteousness to those who have been trained by it.
Let no man say when he is tempted, I am tempted by God, for God is without temptation of evils, and he himself tempts no man.
Be subordinate therefore to God, but resist the devil and he will flee from you.
Behold, we regard those who endured, blessed. Ye have heard of the fortitude of Job, and have seen the outcome of Lord, that he is very compassionate and merciful.
Be sober, be vigilant. Your opponent the devil, as a roaring lion, walks about seeking whom to devour.
For if God did not spare heavenly agents who sinned, but delivered them up to chains of darkness, having been cast into hell being reserved for judgment,
And the heavenly agents who did not keep their own principality, but left their own habitation, he has kept reserved in eternal bonds under darkness for the judgment of the great day.
As many as I love, I rebuke and chasten. Be zealous therefore, and repent.
And the fifth agent sounded, and I saw a star fallen from the sky to the earth. And the key of the pit of the abyss was given to him. And he opened the pit of the abyss, and smoke ascended out of the pit, like smoke of a burning furnace. And the sun and the air were darkened from the smoke of the pit. read more. And locusts came forth out of the smoke upon the earth, and power was given to them, like the scorpions of the earth have power. And it was told them that they should not hurt the grass of the earth, nor anything green, nor any tree, except the men who have not the seal of God on their foreheads. And it was given them that they would not kill them, but that they would be tormented five months. And their torment was as the torment of a scorpion when it strikes a man. And in those days men will seek death, and will, no, not find it. And they will long to die, and death will flee from them. And the likeness of the locusts was similar to horses prepared for battle. And upon their heads were like golden crowns, and their faces were as men's faces. And they had hair like the hair of women, and their teeth were as of lions. And they had breastplates like iron breastplates. And the sound of their wings was like the sound of chariots of many horses running into battle. And they have tails similar to scorpions, and stings. And in their tails they have power to hurt men five months. Having a king over them, the agent of the abyss, whose name in Hebrew is Abaddon, but in the Greek he has the name Apollyon.
And the great dragon was cast out, the ancient serpent, called the Devil and Satan, he who leads the whole world astray. He was cast out to the earth, and his agents were cast out with him.
Rejoice because of this, O heavens, and ye who dwell in them. Woe to the earth and the sea, because the devil has come down to you, having great wrath, knowing that he has little time.
And he seized the dragon, the old serpent, who is the Devil and Satan, who leads the whole world astray, and bound him a thousand years.
And the devil who leads them astray was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone, where also were the beast and the FALSE prophet. And they will be tormented day and night into the ages of the ages.