Reference: Sadducees
American
This name was applied in the time of Jesus to a portion or sect of the Jews, who were usually at variance with the other leading sect, namely, the Pharisees, but united with them in opposing Jesus and accomplishing his death, Mt 16:1-12; Lu 20:27. The name would seem to be derived from a Hebrew word signifying the just; but the Talmudists affirm that it comes from a certain Sadoc, or Sadducus, who was the founder of the sect, and lived about three centuries before the Christian era. The Sadducees disregarded all the traditions and unwritten laws which the Pharisees prized so highly, and professed to consider the Scriptures as the only source and rule of the Jewish religion. They rejected the demonology of the Pharisees; denied the existence of angles and spirits; considered the soul as dying with the body, and of course admitted no future state of rewards and punishments, Mt 22:23. While, moreover, the Pharisees believed that all events and actions were directed by an overruling providence or fate, the Sadducees considered them all as depending on the will and agency of man. The tenets of these freethinking philosophers were not, in general, so acceptable to the people as those of the Pharisees; yet many of the highest rank adopted them, and practiced great severity of manners and of life. Many members of the Sanhedrin were Sadducees, Ac 23:6-9; and so was the high priest in the time of Christ seems to have added bitterness to their hatred of Christianity, Ac 4:1; 5:17.
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And, the Pharisees and Sadducees coming near, putting him to the test, requested him, a sign out of the heaven, to shew unto them. But, he, answering said unto them -
A wicked and adulterous generation, a sign, doth seek after, and, a sign, will not be given it, - save the sign of Jonah. And, leaving them behind, he departed. And the disciples coming, to the other side, had forgotten to take loaves. read more. And, Jesus, said unto them - Mind! and beware, of the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees. And, they, began to deliberate among themselves, saying - Because, loaves, we took not. And, observing it, Jesus said - Why are ye deliberating among yourselves, ye little-of-faith! because, loaves, ye have not? Not yet, perceive ye, neither remember, - The five loaves of the five thousand, and how many baskets ye received? Nor the seven loaves of the four thousand, and how many hampers ye received? How is it ye perceive not, that, not concerning loaves, spake I unto you, - but beware of the leaven, of the Pharisees and Sadducees? Then, understood they that he did not bid them beware of theleaven of loavesbut of, the teaching, of the Pharisees and Sadducees.
On that day, there came unto him Sadducees, who say, there is, no resurrection - and they questioned him,
But there came near certain of the Sadducees, they who say, Resurrection, there is none! and questioned him,
But, as they were speaking unto the people, the High-priests and the Captain of the temple and the Sadducees came upon them,
But the High-priest, arising, and all who were with him, - being the sect of the Sadducees, - were filled with jealousy,
But Paul, getting to know that, the one part, were Sadducees and, the other, Pharisees, began to cry aloud in the council - Brethren! I, am, a Pharisee, son of Pharisees: - Concerning a hope, even of a rising again of the dead, am I to be judged. And, as this he was saying, there arose a dissension of the Pharisees and Sadducees; and rent asunder was the throng. read more. For, Sadducees, say, there is no rising again, nor messenger, nor spirit, whereas, Pharisees, confess them both. And there arose a great outcry, and certain of the Scribes of the party of the Pharisees, standing up, began to strive, saying - Nothing bad, find we in this man; - but, if a spirit hath spoken unto him, or a messenger --
Easton
The origin of this Jewish sect cannot definitely be traced. It was probably the outcome of the influence of Grecian customs and philosophy during the period of Greek domination. The first time they are met with is in connection with John the Baptist's ministry. They came out to him when on the banks of the Jordan, and he said to them, "O generation of vipers, who hath warned you to flee from the wrath to come?" (Mt 3:7.) The next time they are spoken of they are represented as coming to our Lord tempting him. He calls them "hypocrites" and "a wicked and adulterous generation" (Mt 16:1-4; 22:23). The only reference to them in the Gospels of Mark (Mr 12:18-27) and Luke (Lu 20:27-38) is their attempting to ridicule the doctrine of the resurrection, which they denied, as they also denied the existence of angels. They are never mentioned in John's Gospel.
There were many Sadducees among the "elders" of the Sanhedrin. They seem, indeed, to have been as numerous as the Pharisees (Ac 23:6). They showed their hatred of Jesus in taking part in his condemnation (Mt 16:21; 26:1-3,59; Mr 8:31; 15:1; Lu 9:22; 22:66). They endeavoured to prohibit the apostles from preaching the resurrection of Christ (Ac 2:24,31-32; 4:1-2; 5:17,24-28). They were the deists or sceptics of that age. They do not appear as a separate sect after the destruction of Jerusalem.
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But, seeing, many of the Pharisees and Sadducees, coming unto his immersion, he said to them, - Broods of vipers! who suggested to you, to be fleeing from the coming wrath?
And, the Pharisees and Sadducees coming near, putting him to the test, requested him, a sign out of the heaven, to shew unto them. But, he, answering said unto them -
A wicked and adulterous generation, a sign, doth seek after, and, a sign, will not be given it, - save the sign of Jonah. And, leaving them behind, he departed.
From that time, began Jesus Christ to be pointing out to his disciples that he must needs, into Jerusalem, go away, and, many things, suffer, from the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be slain, - and on, the third day, arise.
On that day, there came unto him Sadducees, who say, there is, no resurrection - and they questioned him,
And it came to pass, when Jesus ended all these words, he said unto his disciples: Ye know that, after two days, the passover, taketh place, - and, the Son of Man, is to be delivered up, to be crucified. read more. Then, were gathered together, the High-priests and the Elders of the people, into the court of the High-priest who was called Caiaphas;
Now, the High-priests and all the High-council, were seeking false-witness against Jesus, that they might, put him to death;
And he began to be teaching them - The Son of Man, must needs suffer many things, and be rejected by the Elders and the High-priests and the Scribes, - and be slain; and, after three days, arise.
And there come Sadducees unto him, - who, indeed say - Resurrection, there is none! and they were questioning him, saying - Teacher! Moses, wrote for us, that - If one's brother die, and leave behind a wife, and leave no child, that his brother should take his wife, and raise up seed unto his brother. read more. Seven brethren, there were: and, the first, took a wife, and, dying, left no seed, - And, the second, took her, and died, not leaving behind seed, - and, the third, likewise, - And, the seven, left no seed; last of all, the woman also, died: - In the resurrection, - of, which, of them shall she be, wife? For, the seven, had her to wife. Jesus said unto them - Are ye not, for this cause, deceiving yourselves, knowing neither the Scriptures, nor the power of God? For, when, from among the dead, they rise, they neither marry, nor are given in marriage, but are like messengers in the heavens. But, as touching the dead, that they, do rise, - Have ye not read in the book of Moses, at the Bush, how God spake unto him, saying - I am the God of Abraham, and God of Isaac, and God of Jacob: - He is not a God of, dead, men, but of, living. Greatly, are ye deceiving yourselves.
And, straightway, early, when they had made, a council, the High-priest, with the Elders, and Scribes, and all the High-council, binding Jesus, led him away, and delivered him up unto Pilate.
saying - The Son of Man must needs suffer, many things, and be rejected by the Elders and High priests and Scribes, and be slain, - and, on the third day, arise.
But there came near certain of the Sadducees, they who say, Resurrection, there is none! and questioned him, saying - Teacher! Moses, wrote for us, If one's brother die, having a wife, and, he, be, childless, that his brother shall take the wife, and raise up seed unto his brother. read more. Seven brethren, therefore, there were, - and, the first, taking a wife, died childless, And, the second, and the third, took her, - yea, likewise, even the seven; They left no children, and died: Later on, the woman also, died. The woman, therefore, in the resurrection, Of which of them, doth she become wife? for, the seven, had her to wife. And Jesus said unto them - The sons of this age, marry, and are given in marriage, - But, they who have been accounted worthy, that age, to obtain, and the resurrection that is from among the dead, neither marry, nor are given in marriage; For they cannot, even die any more, - for, equal unto messengers, are they, and are, sons of God, Of the resurrection, being, sons. But, that the dead do rise, even Moses, disclosed at the bush, when he calleth the Lord - The God of Abraham and God of Isaac and God of Jacob: Now, God, he is not, of the dead, but, of the living, - for, all, unto him, do live.
And, when it became day, the Eldership of the people was gathered together - both High-priests and Scribes, - and they led him away into their high-council, saying - If, thou, art the Christ, tell us!
Whom, God, raised up, loosing the pangs of death, inasmuch as it was, not possible, for him to continue held fast by it.
With foresight, spake he concerning the resurrection of the Christ - that neither was he abandoned unto hades, nor did his flesh see corruption. The same Jesus, hath God raised up, whereof, all we, are witnesses!
But, as they were speaking unto the people, the High-priests and the Captain of the temple and the Sadducees came upon them, Being tired out because of their teaching the people, and announcing, in Jesus, the resurrection from among the dead;
But the High-priest, arising, and all who were with him, - being the sect of the Sadducees, - were filled with jealousy,
Now, when both the captain of the temple and the High-priests heard these words, they were utterly at a loss concerning them - what perhaps this might come to. But some one, entering, brought tidings unto them - Lo! the men whom ye put in the prison, are in the temple, standing, and teaching the people! read more. Then, the captain with the officers, departing, brought them - not with violence, - for they were afraid of the people, lest they should be stoned; But, leading them in, set them in the high- council. And the High-priest questioned them, Saying - Strictly, did we charge you not to be teaching upon this name; and lo! ye have filled Jerusalem with your teaching, and are minded to bring down upon us, the blood of this man.
But Paul, getting to know that, the one part, were Sadducees and, the other, Pharisees, began to cry aloud in the council - Brethren! I, am, a Pharisee, son of Pharisees: - Concerning a hope, even of a rising again of the dead, am I to be judged.
Fausets
Mt 3:7; 6/1/type/emb'>16:1,6,11-12; 22:23,34; Mr 12:18; Lu 20:27; Ac 4:1; 5:17; 23:6-8. Matthew (as distinguished from Mark) does not usually explain Jewish usages, taking for granted that his readers are familiar with them. His deviating from his wont to explain "the S. say there is no resurrection" is cleared up by what Josephus (Ant. 18:1, section 4) states "the doctrine of the Sadducees is that the soul and body perish together; the law is all that they are concerned to, observe; this doctrine however has not many followers, but those of the highest rank, ... almost nothing of public business falls into their hands." See also his B. J., ii. 8, section 14. Thus the Jews might easily be ill informed as to the dogmas of a sect, small in numbers, raised above those masses to whom Matthew addresses himself, and to whom therefore his information would not have been superfluous.
Another undesigned coincidence, confirming the sacred writers accuracy, is that the opposition to Christ in the Gospels is almost exclusively on the part of the Pharisees (Mt 23:29,32; Joh 11:57; 18:3) and His denunciations are mainly against these; but in Acts on the part of the Sadducees (Ac 4:1; 5:17; 23:6,8). Why so? Because the resurrection of the dead (the doctrine denied by the Sadducees), which was scarcely understood during the Gospels' period (Mr 9:10), became the leading doctrine of Christianity in connection with the apostles' witness for Christ's resurrection at the time described in Ac 1:22; 2:32; 3:12; 4:2 (Greek "preached in the person of Jesus the resurrection from the dead"), Ac 4:10; 5:31; 10:40; and was therefore bitterly opposed by the Sadducees.
John never mentions them, and no writing of theirs has come down to us. They denied the oral and upheld the written law. Rabbi Nathan (first mentioned in the Aruch, a rabbiical dictionary, A.D. 1105) states that Antigonus of Socho (mentioned in the Mishna, Avoth 1, as having received the oral law from Simon the Just, last of the great synagogue). had two disciples, who in turn taught disciples his saying "be not like servants who serve their master for the sake of reward, but serve without view of reward"; and that the disciples reasoned, "if our fathers had known that there is another world, and a resurrection of the dead, they would not have spoken thus"; so they separated themselves from the law (and denied there is another world and a resurrection); "so there arose two sects, the Zadokites from Zadok, and Baithusians from Baithos." But this does not justify the modern notion that Zadok himself misinterpreted Antigonus' saying; still the Sadducees might claim this Zadok as their head.
But the Zadok from whom the Sadducees are named may be rather the famous Zadok who superseded Abiathar under Solomon (1Ki 2:35); "the house of Zadok," "the sons of Zadok," "the seed of Zadok" are named with preeminent honour in 2Ch 31:10; Eze 40:46; 42:19; 44:15; 48:11; so they became a kind of sacerdotal aristocracy, including the high priests' families; compare Mishna, Sanhed. iv. 2, which ordains that only priests, Levites, and Israelites whose daughters might marry priests, were "clean" so as to be judges in capital trials; also Ac 5:17, "the high-priest, and all that were with him, which is the sect of the Sadducees." Besides their reasonable denial of an oral law, which the Pharisees maintained was transmitted by Moses, the Sadducees denied the resurrection because it is not explicitly stated in Moses' Pentateuch, the legislator's sanctions of the law being primarily temporal rewards and punishments (Ex 20:12; 23:25-26; De 7:12-15; 28:1-12,15-68).
Christ (Mt 22:31-32; Lu 20:37) however shows that even Ex 3:6,16 suffices to prove the resurrection; and Hebrew 11 quotes the patriarchs as examples of a faith which looked beyond the present for eternal rewards. Job (Job 19:26), Isaiah (Isa 26:19), Daniel (Da 12:2), and David (Psalm 16; Psalm 17) express the same faith, the germ of which is in the Pentateuch (See RESURRECTION.) The Pharisees, though wrong in maintaining oral tradition as obligatory, yet preserved in respect to the resurrection the faith of the fathers. In Ac 23:8 "the Sadducees" are said to disbelieve in "angel or spirit"; but angels are often introduced in the Pentateuch, which the Sadducees admitted (Ge 16:7; 19:1; 22:11; 28:12; Ex 23:20; Nu 22:23); and Josephus and the Mishna do not mention their disbelief of angels.
Probably it is only their disbelief of angelic communications to men in their time, such as the Pharisees suggested (Ac 23:9) may have been made to Paul, that the Sadducees denied. Josephus states, "the Pharisees say that some things are the work of fate (he should have said God's providence; he uses the Roman mode of expression), but others in our own power to be or not to be; the Essenes, that fate rules all things. The Sadducees make all things in the power of ourselves as the causes of our good things, and meeting with evils through our own inconsiderateness" (Ant. 18:1, section 3; B. J. 2:8, section 14).
The Sadducees, though giving paramount authority to Moses' Pentateuch, did not as Epiphanius asserts (Haer. 14) reject the other Scriptures; for Josephus would certainly have mentioned it were it so. After the fall of Jerusalem the Sadducees doctrine disappeared, the afflicted Jews instinctively turning for consolation from the sad present to the bright hope of an eternal future life. The Sadducees, the Pharisees, and the Herodians of Jesus' day represent the three schools antagonistic to vital Christianity in our days: infidelity; superstition, spiritualism and spiritual pride; worldly compromise. This "leaven" (see Le 2:11; 1Co 5:8) Jesus warns against; called "doctrine" in Mt 16:12, "hypocrisy" in Lu 12:1, "the leaven of Herod" Mr 8:15; Antichrist's antitrinity, the three frogs out of the mouth of the dragon, the false prophet, and the beast (Re 16:13-14).
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And the messenger of Yahweh b found her by the fountain of water in the desert, - by the fountain in the way to Shur.
So the two messengers went in towards Sodom at eventide, Lot, being seated in the gate of Sodom, - so Lot beheld and rose up to meet them, and bowed himself with his face to the earth.
Then called out unto him the messenger of Yahweh out of the heavens, and said. Abraham, Abraham! And he said Behold me!
And he dreamed, and lo! a stairway, planted earthwards, with, its top, reaching towards the heavens, - and lo! messengers of God, ascending and descending thereon;
And he said - I, am the God of thy father, God of Abraham, God of Isaac and God of Jacob. And Moses hid his face, for he was afraid to look upon God.
Go - and thou shalt gather together the eiders of Israel and shalt say unto them-Yahweh. God of your fathers, hath appeared unto me, the God of Abraham Isaac, and Jacob saying, - I am, concerned, for you, and for what is done to you in Egypt;
Honour thy father, and thy mother, - that thy days may be prolonged upon the soil, which Yahweh thy God is about to give unto thee.
Lo! I, am sending a messenger before thee, to guard thee in the way, - and to bring thee into the place which I have prepared.
So shall ye serve Yahweh your God, and he will bless thy bread and thy water, - and I will take away sickness out of thy midst. There shall be nothing casting its young or barren in thy land, - the number of thy days, will I make full.
None of the meal-offerings which ye bring near unto Yahweh shall be made into anything leavened, - for, of no leaven and Of no syrup, may ye make a perfume, as an altar-flame unto Yahweh.
And the ass saw the messenger of Yahweh stationed in the road with his drawn sword in his hand, so the ass turned aside out of the road and went into the field, - and Balaam smote the ass, to make her turn back into the road.
Then shall it come to pass if ye will hearken unto these regulations, and keep and do them, then will Yahweh thy God keep with thee the covenant and the lovingkindness which he sware unto thy fathers; and will love thee, and bless thee and multiply thee, - and bless the fruit of thy body and the fruit of thy ground thy corn and a thy new wine and thine ell the young of thy kine and the ewes of thy flock, upon the soil which he swart unto thy fathers to give unto thee. read more. Blessed shalt thou be beyond all the peoples, - there shall not be in thee a barren male or female, nor among thy cattle; and Yahweh, will turn away, from thee, all disease, - and as for all the sore sicknesses of Egypt which thou knowest, he will not lay them upon thee, but will put them upon all who hate thee;
And it shall be, if thou wilt, hearken, unto the voice of Yahweh thy God, to observe to do all his commandments which I am commanding thee to-day, then will Yahweh thy God set thee on high, above all the nations of the earth; and all these blessings shall come in upon thee, and reach thee, - because thou dost hearken unto the voice of Yahweh thy God: - read more. Blessed shalt, thou be in the city, - and blessed shalt thou be in the field: Blessed shall be the fruit of thy body, and the fruit of thy ground and the fruit of thy cattle, - the young of thy kine, and the ewes of thy flock: Blessed, shall be thy basket and thy kneading-trough: Blessed, shalt thou be when thou comest in, - and, blessed, shalt thou be when thou goest out: Yahweh will deliver thine enemies who rise up against thee, to be routed before thee, - one way, shall they come out against thee, and seven ways, shall they flee before thee: Yahweh will command to be with thee the blessing, in thy storehouses and in all whereunto thou settest thy hand, - and will bless thee in the land which Yahweh thy God is giving unto thee: Yahweh will confirm thee unto himself for a holy people, as he sware unto thee, - be-cause thou dost keep the commandments of Yahweh thy God, and dost walk in his ways. And all the peoples of the earth shall see that, the name of Yahweh, hath been called upon thee, - and shall be afraid of thee. And Yahweh will cause thee to abound in that which is good, in the fruit of thy body, and in the fruit of thy cattle and in the fruit of thy soil, - upon the soil which Yahweh sware unto thy fathers, to give unto thee: Yahweh will open unto thee his rich storehouse - the heavens, to give the rain of thy land in its season, and to bless ever, work of thy hand, so shalt thou lend unto many nations, but thou, shalt not borrow:
But it shall be, if thou do not hearken unto the voice of Yahweh thy God, to observe to do all his commandments and his statutes which I am commanding thee to-day, then shall come in upon thee all these curses and shall reach thee: - Cursed, shalt thou be in the city, - and cursed, shalt thou be in the field: read more. Cursed, shall be thy basket, and thy kneading-trough: Cursed, shall be the fruit of thy body, and the fruit of thy ground - the young of thy kine and the ewes of thy flock: Cursed, shalt thou be, when thou comest in, - and, cursed, shalt thou be, when thou goest out: Yahweh will send upon thee cursing, confusion and rebuke, in all whereunto thou settest thy hand that thou mayest do it, - until thou he destroyed and until thou perish quickly, because of the wickedness of thy doings, whereby thou hast forsaken me. Yahweh will cause to cleave unto thee - the pestilence, - until he hath consumed thee from off the soil which thou art entering to possess. Yahweh, will smite thee, with consumption and with fever, and with inflammation and with violent heat and with the sword, and with blight and with mildew, - and they shall pursue thee, until thou perish. And thy heavens which are over thy head shall become bronze, - and the earth which is under thee iron. Yahweh will cause the rain of thy land to he powder and dust, - out of the heavens, shall it come down upon thee, until thou he destroyed. Yahweh will give thee up to be routed before thine enemies, one way, shalt thou go out against them, and, seven ways, shalt thou flee before them, - and thou shalt become a terror unto all the kingdoms of the earth. And thy dead body shall become food for every bird of the heavens, and for the beast of the earth, - with none to fright them away. Yahweh, will smite thee, with the burning sores of Egypt and with the hemorrhoids, and with scab, and with itch, - of which thou canst not be healed. Yahweh, will smite thee, with madness and with blindness, - and with terror of heart; and thou shalt he groping about in noonday brightness, as the blind man gropeth in thick darkness, and thou shalt not make thy ways prosper, - but shalt be only oppressed and spoiled all the days with none to save. A wife, shalt thou betroth, and, another man shall lie with her. A house, shalt thou build, and shalt not dwell therein, - A vineyard, shalt thou plant, and shalt not throw it open; Thine ox slaughtered before thine eyes, and thou shalt not eat thereof, Thine ass stolen from before thee, and shall not be restored to thee, - Thy flock given to thine enemies, and thou shalt have none to save. Thy sons and thy daughters given to another people, thine eyes looking on, and failing for them all the day, thine own hand being powerless. The fruit of thy soil, and all thy toilsome produce, shall a people whom thou knowest not, eat up, - and thou shalt be only oppressed and crushed, all the days; so that thou shalt be mad, - for the sight of thine eyes which thou shalt see. Yahweh, will smite thee, with a grievous boil, upon the knees and upon the legs, of which thou canst not he healed, - from the sole of thy foot even unto the crown of thy head. Yahweh will bring thee and thy king whom thou wilt set up over thee, unto a nation which thou hast not known, thou nor thy fathers, - and thou shalt serve there other gods of wood and of stone. Thus shalt thou become a horror, a byword, and a mockery, among all the peoples whither Yahweh thy God will drive thee. Much seed, shalt thou take out into the field, - and little, shalt thou gather in, for the locust shall consume it. Vineyards, shalt thou plant, and dress, - but wine, shalt thou not drink, neither shalt thou gather the grapes, for the worm shall eat them. Olive trees, shalt thou have in all thy bounds, - but with oil, shalt thou not anoint thyself, for thine olives, shall drop off. Sons and daughters, shalt thou beget, and they shall not be thine, for they shall go into captivity. All thy trees, and the fruit of thy ground, shall the grasshopper, devour. The sojourner who is in thy midst, shall mount up above thee higher and higher, - whereas, thou, shalt come down lower and lower: he, shall lend to thee, but, thou, shalt not lend to him, - he, shall become head, and, thou, shalt become tail. Moreover, all these curses, shall come in upon thee, and pursue thee and overtake thee, until thou be destroyed, - because thou didst not hearken unto the voice of Yahweh thy God, to keep his commandments and his statutes which he hath commanded thee; and they shall be upon thee, for a sign, and for a wonder, and upon thy seed, unto times age-abiding. Because thou servedst not Yahweh thy God, with rejoicing, and with gladness of heart, for abundance of all things, therefore shalt thou serve thine enemies, whom Yahweh will send against thee, with hunger and with thirst and with nakedness, and with want of all things, - and he, will put a yoke of iron upon thy neck, until he hath destroyed thee. Yahweh will bring against thee a nation from afar, from the end of the earth, as darteth a bird of prey, - a nation whose tongue thou canst not understand; a nation of fierce countenance, - who wilt not respect an elder nor to the young, show favour; then shall be eat the young of thy cattle and the fruit of thy ground until thou art destroyed, who will not leave for thee corn, new wine or oil, the young of thy kine, or the ewes of thy flock, - until he hath caused thee to perish. And he shall lay siege to thee in all thy gates, until thy high and fortified walls come down wherein thou wast trusting, in all thy land, - yea he will lay siege to thee in all thy gates, in all thy land which Yahweh thy God, hath given, unto thee. And thou wilt eat the fruit of thy body, the flesh of thy sons and of thy daughters, whom Yahweh thy God hath given unto thee - in the siege and in the straitness wherewith thine enemy will straiten thee. The man that is tender among you, and exceedingly delicate, his eye will be jealous of his brother and of the wife of his bosom, and of the remnant of his sons, whom be might leave behind; so that he will not give to any one of them, of the flesh of his sons which he will eat, because he hath nothing at all left him, - in the siege and in the straitness wherewith thine enemy will straiten thee within all thy gates. The tender and delicate woman among you who hath never adventured the sole of her foot to set it upon the ground, through delicateness and through tenderness, her eye shall be jealous of the husband of her bosom, and of her own son, and of her own daughter; both as to her afterbirth that cometh forth from between her feet and as to her children which she shall bear, for she will eat them for want of all things secretly, - in the siege and in the straitness wherewith thine enemy will straiten thee within thine own gates. If thou wilt not take heed to do all the words of this law, which are written in this scroll, - to revere this glorious and reverend name, Yahweh thy God, then will Yahweh make thy plagues wonderful, and the plagues of thy seed, - plagues great and lasting, and diseases grievous and lasting; and he will bring back on thee all the sickness of Egypt, because of which thou wast afraid, - and they shall cleave unto thee; even every disease and, every plague, which are not written in this scroll of the law, will Yahweh bring up against thee, until thou art destroyed, And ye shall be left men few in number, whereas ye had become as the stars of the heavens for multitude, - because thou hast not hearkened unto the voice of Yahweh thy God. And it shall come to pass that as Yahweh rejoiced over you to do you good and to multiply you, so, will Yahweh rejoice over you, to cause you to perish and to destroy you, - and ye shall be torn away, from off the soil, whither thou art going in to possess it; and Yahweh will scatter thee among all the peoples, from one end of the earth even unto the other end of the earth, - and thou wilt serve there other gods whom thou hast not known - thou nor thy fathers, - of wood and of stone. And among those nations, shalt thou find no ease, neither shall there be a place of rest for the sole of thy foot, - but Yahweh will give unto thee there a trembling heart, and a failing of eyes and faintness of soul. And thy life will be hung up for thee in front, - and thou wilt be in dread by night and by day, and wilt not trust in thy life. In the morning, thou wilt say - Oh that it were evening! and in the evening, thou wilt say - Oh that it were morning! because of the dread of thy heart which thou wilt dread, and because of the sight of thine eyes which thou wilt see. And Yahweh will take thee back again to Egypt in ships, by the way whereof I said unto thee, Thou shalt not again any more see it. And ye will offer yourselves there for sale unto thine enemies as servants and as handmaids with no one to buy.
And the king put Benaiah son of Jehoiada, in his stead, over the army, - and, Zadok the priest, did the king put in the stead of Abiathar.
And Azariah, the chief priest of the house of Zadok, spake unto him, - and said - From the time of beginning to bring in, the heave-offering, into the house of Yahweh - to eat and to be full, there hath still been left, even to this abundance. For, Yahweh, hath blessed his people, and, that which is left, is this great plenty.
And, though, after my skin is struck off, this followeth , yet, apart from my flesh, shall I see GOD:
Thy dead, shall come to life again, My dead body, they shall arise, - Awake and shout for joy, ye that dwell in the dust For, a dew of light, is thy dew, And, earth, to the shades shall give birth.
and the chamber whose front is towards the north is for the priests keeping the charge of the altar,-the same are the sons of Zadok k - who draw near from among the sons of Levi unto Yahweh. to wait upon him.
He turned about to the west side, - he measured five hundred reeds, by the measuring reed.
But the priests the Levites the sons of Zadok, Who kept the charge of my sanctuary - when the sons of Israel went astray from me, They shall draw near unto me to wait upon me, And shall stand before me, to bring near unto me the fat and the blood Declareth My Lord, Yahweh:
for the priests that are hallowed - the sons of Zadok, who kept my charge, - who went not astray when the sons of Israel went astray, as the Levites I went astray.
and, many of the sleepers in the dusty ground, shall awake, - these, shall be to age-abiding life, but, those, to reproach, and age-abiding abhorrence;
But, seeing, many of the Pharisees and Sadducees, coming unto his immersion, he said to them, - Broods of vipers! who suggested to you, to be fleeing from the coming wrath?
And, the Pharisees and Sadducees coming near, putting him to the test, requested him, a sign out of the heaven, to shew unto them.
And, Jesus, said unto them - Mind! and beware, of the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees.
How is it ye perceive not, that, not concerning loaves, spake I unto you, - but beware of the leaven, of the Pharisees and Sadducees? Then, understood they that he did not bid them beware of theleaven of loavesbut of, the teaching, of the Pharisees and Sadducees.
Then, understood they that he did not bid them beware of theleaven of loavesbut of, the teaching, of the Pharisees and Sadducees.
On that day, there came unto him Sadducees, who say, there is, no resurrection - and they questioned him,
But, as touching the resurrection of the dead - Have ye not read what was spoken unto you by God, saying - I, am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob? - He is not God, of the dead, but, of the living.
Now, the Pharisees, hearing that he had silenced the Sadducees, were brought together with one accord;
Alas for you, Scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites; because ye build the sepulchres of the prophets, and adorn the monuments of the righteous,
And, ye, fill ye up the measure of your fathers!
And he began charging them, saying - Mind! beware of the leaven of the Pharisees, and of the leaven of Herod!
And, the word, they held fast unto themselves, discussing what was, the rising from among the dead.
And there come Sadducees unto him, - who, indeed say - Resurrection, there is none! and they were questioning him, saying -
Amongst which things, when the ten thousands of the multitude were gathered together, so that they were treading one upon another, he began to be saying, unto his disciples, first - Be keeping yourselves free from the leaven of the Pharisees, the which is, hypocrisy.
But there came near certain of the Sadducees, they who say, Resurrection, there is none! and questioned him,
But, that the dead do rise, even Moses, disclosed at the bush, when he calleth the Lord - The God of Abraham and God of Isaac and God of Jacob:
Now the High-priests and the Pharisees had given commands, that, if anyone came to know where he was, he should inform them , so that they might seize him.
Judas, therefore, receiving the band, and officers, from among the High-priests and from amongthe Pharisees, cometh thither, with lights and torches and weapons.
Beginning from the immersion by John until the day when he was taken up from us, that, a witness of his resurrection along with us, should one of these become.
The same Jesus, hath God raised up, whereof, all we, are witnesses!
And Peter, seeing it, made answer unto the people: - Ye men of Israel! Why marvel ye at this man? Or, upon us, why are ye intently looking, as though, by our own power or godliness, we had made him walk?
But, as they were speaking unto the people, the High-priests and the Captain of the temple and the Sadducees came upon them,
But, as they were speaking unto the people, the High-priests and the Captain of the temple and the Sadducees came upon them, Being tired out because of their teaching the people, and announcing, in Jesus, the resurrection from among the dead;
Be it known unto you all, and unto all the people of Israel: that, in the name of Jesus Christ the Nazarene, - whom, ye, crucified, whom, God, raised from among the dead, in him, doth, this man stand by, in your presence, whole.
But the High-priest, arising, and all who were with him, - being the sect of the Sadducees, - were filled with jealousy,
But the High-priest, arising, and all who were with him, - being the sect of the Sadducees, - were filled with jealousy,
But the High-priest, arising, and all who were with him, - being the sect of the Sadducees, - were filled with jealousy,
Him, as Princely-leader and Saviour, hath God exalted unto his right hand, - to give repentance unto Israel, and remission of sins.
The same, God raised up on the third day, and gave him to become, manifest,
But Paul, getting to know that, the one part, were Sadducees and, the other, Pharisees, began to cry aloud in the council - Brethren! I, am, a Pharisee, son of Pharisees: - Concerning a hope, even of a rising again of the dead, am I to be judged.
But Paul, getting to know that, the one part, were Sadducees and, the other, Pharisees, began to cry aloud in the council - Brethren! I, am, a Pharisee, son of Pharisees: - Concerning a hope, even of a rising again of the dead, am I to be judged. And, as this he was saying, there arose a dissension of the Pharisees and Sadducees; and rent asunder was the throng. read more. For, Sadducees, say, there is no rising again, nor messenger, nor spirit, whereas, Pharisees, confess them both.
For, Sadducees, say, there is no rising again, nor messenger, nor spirit, whereas, Pharisees, confess them both.
For, Sadducees, say, there is no rising again, nor messenger, nor spirit, whereas, Pharisees, confess them both. And there arose a great outcry, and certain of the Scribes of the party of the Pharisees, standing up, began to strive, saying - Nothing bad, find we in this man; - but, if a spirit hath spoken unto him, or a messenger --
And I saw, out of the mouth of the dragon, and out of the mouth of the beast, and out of the mouth of the false-prophet, three impure spirits, as frogs; for they are spirits of demons, doing signs, which are to go forth unto the kings of the whole habitable earth, to gather them together unto the battle of the great day of God the Almighty. -
Hastings
Probably the name 'Sadducee' is derived from the name Zadok, a notable priest in the time of David and Solomon (2Sa 8:17; 15:24; 1Ki 1:34). His descendants long played the leading part among the priests, so that Ezekiel regarded them as the only legitimate priests (Eze 40:46; 43:19; 44:15; 48:11). The name indicates the fact that is most decisive for the right understanding of the Sadducees. About the year 200 b.c., when party lines were beginning to be drawn, the name was chosen to point out the party of the priests. That is not saying that no priest could be a Pharisee or a Scribe. Neither is it saying that all the priests were Sadducees. In our Lord's time many of the poor priests were Pharisees. But the higher priestly families and the priests as a body were Sadducees. With them were joined the majority of the aristocratic lay families of Jud
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And, Zadok, son of Ahitub, and Abimelech, son of Abiathar, were priests, - and, Seraiah, was scribe;
And lo! Zadok also, and all the Levites with him, were bearing the ark of the covenant of God, and they set down the ark of God, and Abiathar went up, until all the people had made an end of passing over out of the city.
and the chamber whose front is towards the north is for the priests keeping the charge of the altar,-the same are the sons of Zadok k - who draw near from among the sons of Levi unto Yahweh. to wait upon him.
So then thou e shalt give unto the priests the Levites those who are of the seed of Zadok who approach unto me Declareth My Lord Yahweh. to wait upon me - a young bullock as a sin-bearer,
But the priests the Levites the sons of Zadok, Who kept the charge of my sanctuary - when the sons of Israel went astray from me, They shall draw near unto me to wait upon me, And shall stand before me, to bring near unto me the fat and the blood Declareth My Lord, Yahweh:
for the priests that are hallowed - the sons of Zadok, who kept my charge, - who went not astray when the sons of Israel went astray, as the Levites I went astray.
On that day, there came unto him Sadducees, who say, there is, no resurrection - and they questioned him,
And there come Sadducees unto him, - who, indeed say - Resurrection, there is none! and they were questioning him, saying -
But there came near certain of the Sadducees, they who say, Resurrection, there is none! and questioned him,
For, Sadducees, say, there is no rising again, nor messenger, nor spirit, whereas, Pharisees, confess them both.
For, Sadducees, say, there is no rising again, nor messenger, nor spirit, whereas, Pharisees, confess them both.
Morish
Next to the Pharisees, the Sadducees were the most prominent sect of the Jews. The Pharisees made proselytes, but the Sadducees were much more exclusive, and therefore remained fewer in number. They did not believe in the resurrection, nor in angels, nor in spirits: they held that the soul perished with the body. Mt 22:23; Ac 4:1-2; 23:8. Though strict in regard to the written law of Moses, they repudiated the traditions of the elders, or what is called the oral law. They believed that God punished a man's sins during his life, and that man's will was free, and he had power to restrain his passions. In consequence of this they were severe judges. The Lord Jesus warned His disciples against their doctrines, and denounced them as the 'offspring of vipers.' The tenets of the modern rationalists have much in common with the Sadducees.
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On that day, there came unto him Sadducees, who say, there is, no resurrection - and they questioned him,
But, as they were speaking unto the people, the High-priests and the Captain of the temple and the Sadducees came upon them, Being tired out because of their teaching the people, and announcing, in Jesus, the resurrection from among the dead;
For, Sadducees, say, there is no rising again, nor messenger, nor spirit, whereas, Pharisees, confess them both.
Smith
Sad'ducees
(followers of Zadok),
Mt 3:7; 6/1/type/emb'>16:1,6,11-12; 22:23,31; Mr 12:18; Lu 20:27; Ac 4:1; 5:17; 23:6-7,8
a religious party or school among the Jews at the time of Christ, who denied that the oral law was a revelation of God to the Israelites. and who deemed the written law alone to be obligatory on the nation, as of divine authority. Except on one occasion.
Christ never assailed the Sadducees with the same bitter denunciations which he uttered against the Pharisees. The origin of their name is involved in great difficulties, but the most satisfactory conjecture is that the Sadducees or Zadokites were originally identical with the sons of Zadok, and constituted what may be termed a kind of sacerdotal aristocracy, this Zadok being the priest who declared in favor of Solomon when Abiathar took the part of Adonijah.
To these sons of Zadok were afterward attached all who for any reason reckoned themselves as belonging to the aristocrats; such, for example, as the families of the high priest, who had obtained consideration under the dynasty of Herod. These were for the most part judges, and individuals of the official and governing class. This explanation elucidates at once
The leading tenet of the Sadducees was the negation of the leading tenet of their opponents. As the Pharisees asserted so the Sadducees denied, that the Israelites were in possession of an oral law transmitted to them by Moses, [PHARISEES] In opposition to the Pharisees, they maintained that the written law alone was obligatory on the nation, as of divine authority. The second distinguishing doctrine of the Sadducees was the denial of man's resurrection after death. In connection with the disbelief of a resurrection by the Sadducees, they likewise denied there was "angel or spirit,"
See Pharisees
and also the doctrines of future punishment and future rewards. Josephus states that the Sadducees believed in the freedom of the will, which the Pharisees denied. They pushed this doctrine so far as almost to exclude God from the government of the world. Some of the early Christian writers attribute to the Sadducees the rejection of all the sacred Scriptures except the Pentateuch; a statement, however, that is now generally admitted to have been founded on a misconception of the truth, and it seems to have arisen from a confusion of the Sadducees with the Samaritans. An important fact in the history of the Sadducees is their rapid disappearance from history after the first century, and the subsequent predominance among the Jews of the opinions of the Pharisees. Two circumstances contributed, indirectly but powerfully, to produce this result: 1st. The state of the Jews after the capture of Jerusalem by Titus; and 2d. The growth of the Christian religion. As to the first point, it is difficult to overestimate the consternation and dismay which the destruction of Jerusalem occasioned in the minds of sincerely-religious Jews. In their hour of darkness and anguish they naturally turned to the consolations and hopes of a future state; and the doctrine of the Sadducees, that there was nothing beyond the present life, would have appeared to them cold, heartless and hateful. Again, while they were sunk in the lowest depths of depression, a new religion, which they despised as a heresy and a superstition, was gradually making its way among the subjects of their detested conquerors, the Romans. One of the causes of its success was undoubtedly the vivid belief in the resurrection of Jesus and a consequent resurrection of all mankind, which was accepted by its heathen converts with a passionate earnestness of which those who at the present day are familiar from infancy with the doctrine of the resurrection of the dead call form only a faint idea. To attempt to chock the progress of this new religion among the Jews by an appeal to the temporary rewards and punishments of the Pentateuch would have been as idle as an endeavor to check an explosive power by ordinary mechanical restraints. Consciously, therefore, or unconsciously, many circumstances combined to induce the Jews who were not Pharisees, but who resisted the new heresy, to rally round the standard of the oral law, and to assert that their holy legislator, Moses, had transmitted to his faithful people by word of mouth, although not in writing, the revelation of a future state of rewards and punishments.
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Then said King David - Call me Zadok the priest, and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah son of Jehoiada. And they came in before the king. Then said the king unto them - Take ye with you the servants of your lord, and cause Solomon my son to ride upon the mule which pertaineth unto myself, - and bring him down unto Gihon; read more. then shall Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet anoint him there as king over Israel, - and ye shall blow with the horn, and say - Long live King Solomon! Then shall ye come up after him, and he shall enter, and sit upon my throne, yea, he, shall become king in my stead; even, him, have I charged to become leader, over Israel, and over Judah. Then did Benaiah son of Jehoiada make response unto the king, and say - Amen! so, say Yahweh, God of my lord the king. As Yahweh hath been with my lord the king, so, let him he with Solomon, - and make his throne greater than the throne of my lord, King David. So Zadok the priest, and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah son of Jehoiada, with the Cherethites and the Pelethites, went down, and caused Solomon to ride upon the mule of King David, - and they escorted him to Gihon. Then took Zadok the priest, the horn of oil out of the Tent, and anointed Solomon, - and they blew with a ram's horn, and all the people said, Long live King Solomon! And all the people came up after him, the people themselves also, playing with flutes, and rejoicing with great joy, - so that the earth rent with the sound of them. And Adonijah, and all the guests who were with him, heard it, just as, they, had made an end of eating, - and, when Joab heard the sound of a horn, he said - Wherefore the noise of the city, in tumult? While yet he was speaking, lo! Jonathan son of Abiathar the priest, came in, - and Adonijah said - Come in, for, a worthy man, thou art, and, good tidings, dost thou bring. But Jonathan responded and said to Adonijah, - Of a truth, our lord, King David, hath made, Solomon, king. And the king hath sent with him - Zadok the priest, and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah son of Jehoiada, with the Cherethites, and the Pelethites, - and they have caused him to ride upon the mule of the king; and Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet have anointed him king, in Gihon, and they went up from thence rejoicing, so that the city rang again, - That, is the noise ye have heard.
But, seeing, many of the Pharisees and Sadducees, coming unto his immersion, he said to them, - Broods of vipers! who suggested to you, to be fleeing from the coming wrath?
And, the Pharisees and Sadducees coming near, putting him to the test, requested him, a sign out of the heaven, to shew unto them.
And, the Pharisees and Sadducees coming near, putting him to the test, requested him, a sign out of the heaven, to shew unto them.
A wicked and adulterous generation, a sign, doth seek after, and, a sign, will not be given it, - save the sign of Jonah. And, leaving them behind, he departed.
And, Jesus, said unto them - Mind! and beware, of the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees.
And, Jesus, said unto them - Mind! and beware, of the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees.
How is it ye perceive not, that, not concerning loaves, spake I unto you, - but beware of the leaven, of the Pharisees and Sadducees? Then, understood they that he did not bid them beware of theleaven of loavesbut of, the teaching, of the Pharisees and Sadducees.
On that day, there came unto him Sadducees, who say, there is, no resurrection - and they questioned him,
But, as touching the resurrection of the dead - Have ye not read what was spoken unto you by God, saying -
And there come Sadducees unto him, - who, indeed say - Resurrection, there is none! and they were questioning him, saying -
But there came near certain of the Sadducees, they who say, Resurrection, there is none! and questioned him,
But, as they were speaking unto the people, the High-priests and the Captain of the temple and the Sadducees came upon them,
But the High-priest, arising, and all who were with him, - being the sect of the Sadducees, - were filled with jealousy,
But the High-priest, arising, and all who were with him, - being the sect of the Sadducees, - were filled with jealousy,
But Paul, getting to know that, the one part, were Sadducees and, the other, Pharisees, began to cry aloud in the council - Brethren! I, am, a Pharisee, son of Pharisees: - Concerning a hope, even of a rising again of the dead, am I to be judged. And, as this he was saying, there arose a dissension of the Pharisees and Sadducees; and rent asunder was the throng. read more. For, Sadducees, say, there is no rising again, nor messenger, nor spirit, whereas, Pharisees, confess them both.
For, Sadducees, say, there is no rising again, nor messenger, nor spirit, whereas, Pharisees, confess them both.
Watsons
SADDUCEES, a sect among the Jews. It is said that the principles of the Sadducees were derived from Antigonus Sochaeus, president of the sanhedrim, about B.C. 250, who, rejecting the traditionary doctrines of the scribes, taught that man ought to serve God out of pure love, and not from hope of reward, or fear of punishment; and that they derived their name from Sadoc, one of his followers, who, mistaking or perverting this doctrine, maintained that there was no future state of rewards and punishments. Whatever foundation there may be for this account of the origin of the sect, it is certain, that in the time of our Saviour the Sadducees denied the resurrection of the dead, Ac 23:8, and the existence of angels and spirits, or souls of departed men; though, as Mr. Hume observes, it is not easy to comprehend how they could at the same time admit the authority of the law of Moses. They carried their ideas of human freedom so far as to assert that men were absolutely masters of their own actions, and at full liberty to do either good or evil. Josephus even says that they denied the essential difference between good and evil; and, though they believed that God created and preserved the world, they seem to have denied his particular providence. These tenets, which resemble the Epicurean philosophy, led, as might be expected, to great profligacy of life; and we find the licentious wickedness of the Sadducees frequently condemned in the New Testament; yet they professed themselves obliged to observe the Mosaic law, because of the temporal rewards and punishments annexed to such observance; and hence they were always severe in their punishment of any crimes which tended to disturb the public tranquillity. The Sadducees rejected all tradition, and some authors have contended that they admitted only the books of Moses; but there seems no ground for that opinion, either in the Scriptures or in any ancient writer. Even Josephus, who was himself a Pharisee, and took every opportunity of reproaching the Sadducees, does not mention that they rejected any part of the Scriptures; he only says that "The Pharisees have delivered to the people many institutions as received from the fathers, which are not written in the law of Moses. For this reason the Sadducees reject these things, asserting that those things are binding which are written, but that the things received by tradition from the fathers are not to be observed." Beside, it is generally believed that the Sadducees expected the Messiah with great impatience, which seems to imply their belief in the prophecies, though they misinterpreted their meaning. Confining all their hopes to this present world, enjoying its riches, and devoting themselves to its pleasures, they might well be particularly anxious that their lot of life should be cast in the splendid reign of this expected temporal king, with the hope of sharing in his conquests and glory; but this expectation was so contrary to the lowly appearance of our Saviour, that they joined their inveterate enemies, the Pharisees, in persecuting him and his religion. Josephus says, that the Sadducees were able to draw over to them the rich only, the people not following them; and he elsewhere mentions that this sect spread chiefly among the young. The Sadducees were far less numerous than the Pharisees, but they were in general persons of greater opulence and dignity. The council before whom our Saviour and St. Paul were carried consisted partly of Pharisees and partly of Sadducees.
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For, Sadducees, say, there is no rising again, nor messenger, nor spirit, whereas, Pharisees, confess them both.