Reference: Weights and Measures
Fausets
WEIGHTS: mishkol from "shekel" (the weight in commonest use); eben, a "stone", anciently used as a weight; peles, "scales". Of all Jewish weights the shekel was the most accurate, as a half shekel was ordered by God to be paid by every Israelite as a ransom. From the period of the Exodus there were two shekels, one for ordinary business (Ex 38:29; Jos 7:21; 2Ki 7:1; Am 8:5), the other, which was larger, for religious uses (Ex 30:13; Le 5:15; Nu 3:47). The silver in the half-shekel was 1 shilling, 3 1/2 pence; it contained 20 gerahs, literally, beans, a name of a weight, as our grain from grain.
The Attic tetradrachma, or Greek stater, was equivalent to the shekel. The didrachma of the Septuagint at Alexandria was equivalent to the Attic tetradrachma. The shekel was about 220 grains weight. In 2Sa 14:26 "shekel after the king's weight" refers to the perfect standard kept by David. Michaelis makes five to three the proportion of the holy shekel to the commercial shekel; for in Eze 45:12 the maneh contains 60 of the holy shekels; in 1Ki 10:17; 2Ch 9:16, each maneh contained 100 commercial shekels, i.e. 100 to (60 or five to three. After the captivity the holy shekel alone was used. The half shekel (Ex 38:26; Mt 17:24) was the beka (meaning "division"): the "quarter shekel", reba; the "20th of the shekel", gerah.
Hussey calculates the shekel at half ounce avoirdupois, and the maneh half pound, 14 oz.; 60 holy shekels were in the maneh, 3,000 in the silver talent, so 50 maneh in the talent: 660,000 grains, or 94 lbs. 5 oz. The gold talent is made by Smith's Bible Dictionary 100 manehs, double the silver talent (50 manehs); by the Imperial Bible Dictionary identical with it. (See SHEKEL; MONEY; TALENT.) A gold maneh contained 100 shekels of gold. The Hebrew talents of silver and copper were exchangeable in the proportion of about one to 80; 50 shekels of silver are thought equal to a talent of copper. "Talent" means a circle or aggregate sum. One talent of gold corresponded to 24 talents of silver.
MEASURES: Those of length are derived from the human body. The Hebrew used the forearm as the "cubit," but not the "foot." The Egyptian terms hin, 'ephah, and 'ammah (cubit) favor the view that the Hebrew derived their measures from Egypt. The similarity of the Hebrew to the Athenian scales for liquids makes it likely that both came from the one origin, namely, Egypt. Piazzi Smyth observes the sacred cubit of the Jews, 25 inches (to which Sir Isaac Newton's calculation closely approximates), is represented in the great pyramid, 2500 B.C.; in contrast to the ordinary standard cubits, from 18 to 21 inches, the Egyptian one which Israel had to use in Egypt. The 25-inch cubit measure is better than any other in its superior earth-axis commensurability. The inch is the real unit of British linear measure: 25 such inches (increased on the present parliamentary inch by one thousandth) was Israel's sacred cubit; 1.00099 of an English inch makes one pyramid inch; the earlier English inch was still closer to the pyramid inch.
Smyth remarks that no pagan device of idolatry, not even the sun and moon, is pourtrayed in the great pyramid, though there are such hieroglyphics in two older pyramids. He says the British grain measure "quarter" is just one fourth of the coffer in the king's chamber, which is the same capacity as the Saxon chaldron or four quarters. The small passage of the pyramid represents a unit day; the grand gallery, seven unit days or a week. The grand gallery is seven times as high as one of the small and similarly inclined passages equalling 350 inches, i.e. seven times 50 inches. The names Shofo and Noushofo (Cheops and Chephren of Herodotus) are marked in the chambers of construction by the stonemasons at the quarry. The Egyptian dislike to those two kings was not because of forced labour, for other pyramids were built so by native princes, but because they overthrew the idolatrous temples.
The year is marked by the entrance step into the great gallery, 90.5 inches, going 366 times into the circumference of the pyramid. The seven overlappings of the courses of polished stones on the eastern and the western sides of the gallery represent two weeks of months of 26 days each so there are 26 holes in the western ramp; on the other ramp 28, in the antechamber two day holes over and above the 26. Four grooves represent four years, three of them hollow and one full, i.e. three years in which only one day is to be added to the 14 x 26 for the year; the fourth full from W. to E., i.e. two days to be added on leap year, 366 days. The full groove not equal in breadth to the hollow one implies that the true length of the year is not quite 365 1/4 days. Job (Job 38:6) speaks of the earth's "sockets" with imagery from the pyramid, which was built by careful measurement on a prepared platform of rock.
French savants A.D. 1800 described sockets in the leveled rock fitted to receive the four corner stones. The fifth corner stone was the topstone completing the whole; the morning stars singing together at the topstone being put to creation answers to the shoutings, Grace unto it, at the topstone being put to redemption (Job 38:7; Zec 4:7); Eph 2:19, "the chief corner stone in which all the building fitly framed together groweth into an holy tern. pie." The topstone was "disallowed by the builders" as "a stone of stumbling and a rock of offense" to them; for the pyramids previously constructed were terrace topped, not topped with the finished pointed cornerstone.
Pyramid is derived from peram "lofty" (Ewald), from puros "wheat" (P. Smyth). The mean density of the earth (5,672) is introduced into the capacity and weight measures of the pyramid (Isa 40:12). The Egyptians disliked the number five, the characteristic of the great pyramid, which has five sides, five angles, five corner stones, and the five sided coffer. Israel's predilection for it appears in their marching five in a rank (Hebrew for "harnessed"), Ex 13:18; according to Manetho, 250,000, i.e. 5 x 50,000; so the shepherd kings at Avaris are described as 250,000; 50 inches is the grand standard of length in the pyramid, five is the number of books in the Pentateuch, 50 is the number of the Jubilee year, 25 inches (5 x 5) the cubit, an integral fraction of the earth's axis of rotation, 50 the number of Pentecost. (See NUMBER.)
The cow sacrifice of Israel was an "abomination to the Egyptians"; and the divinely taught builders of the great pyramid were probably of the chosen race, in the line of, though preceding, Abraham and closer to Noah, introducers into Egypt of the pure worship of Jehovah (such as Melchizedek held) after its apostasy to idols, maintaining the animal sacrifices originally ordained by God (Ge 3:21; 4:4,7; Heb 11:4), but rejected in Egypt; forerunners of the hyksos or shepherd kings who from the Canaan quarter made themselves masters of Egypt. The enormous mass of unoccupied masonry would have been useless as a tomb, but necessary if the pyramid was designed to preserve an equal temperature for unexceptionable scientific observations; 100 ft. deep inside the pyramid would prevent a variation of heat beyond 01 degree of Fahrenheit, but the king's chamber is 180 ft. deep to compensate for the altering of air currents through the passages.
The Hebrew finger, about seven tenths of an inch, was the smaller measure. The palm or handbreadth was four fingers, three or four inches; illustrates the shortness of time (Ps 39:5). The span, the space between the extended extremities of the thumb and little finger, three palms, about seven and a half inches. The old Mosaic or sacred cubit (the length from the elbow to the end of the middle finger, 25 inches) was a handbreadth longer than the civil cubit of the time of the captivity (from the elbow to the wrist, 21 inches): Eze 40:5; 43:13; 2Ch 3:3, "cubits after the first (according to the earlier) measure." The Mosaic cubit (Thenius in Keil on 1Ki 6:2) was two spans, 20 1/2 Dresden inches, 214,512 Parisian lines long.
Og's bedstead, nine cubits long (De 3:11) "after the cubit of a man," i.e. according to the ordinary cubit (compare Re 21:17) as contrasted with any
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And Jehovah God will make to Adam and to his wife, coats of skin, and will clothe them.
And Abel, he also brought in the first-born of his sheep, and their fat. And Jehovah will look to Abel and to his gift
If thou shalt do well thou shalt be lifted up; and if thou shalt not do well, sin lies at the entrance; and to thee his desire, and thou shalt rule over him.
And Abraham will hasten to the tent to Sarah, and will say, Hasten thou measures of the finest flour; knead and make cakes.
And they will remove from the House of God; and there will be yet a measure of land to come to Ephrath: and Rachel will bring forth, and she will be hard in bringing forth.
And I in my coming from Padan, Rachel died by me in the land of Canaan, in the way, in yet a length of land to go to Ephrath: and I shall bury her there in the way of Ephmth; this the house of bread.
And God will turn the people about the way of the desert, the sea of sedge: and the sons of Israel went up active out of the land of Egypt
This the word which Jehovah commanded, Gather ye from it, each according to the mouth of his eating: an omer for the head from the numbering of your souls, ye shall take each for those in his tent
And Moses will say to Aaron, Take one vase and give there an omer full of manna, and deposit it before Jehovah for a preservation to your generations. As Jehovah commanded Moses, and Aaron will deposit it before the testimony for preservation.
This they shall give, all passing by upon their reviewing, from half the shekel by the holy shekel; (twenty gerahs the shekel:) from half a shekel an offering to Jehovah.
A bekah for a head, being half of a shekel by the shekel of the holy place, for all passing through upon reviewing, from the son of twenty years and from above, for six hundred thousand and three thousand and five hundred and fifty.
And the brass of the waving, seventy talents, and two thousand and four hundred shekels.
When a soul shall cover transgression and sin in erring from the holy things of Jehovah; and he brought his trespass to Jehovah, a blameless ram from the sheep, by thy estimation of shekels of silver, by the shekel of the holy place, for the trespass.
Speak to the sons of Israel, and say to them, When ye shall come into the land which I give to you, and ye reaped its harvest, and brought a handful of the first-fruits of your harvest to the priest:
And thou shalt take five shekels by the heads, according to the holy shekel thou shalt take: twenty gerahs the shekel.
And a spirit removed from Jehovah and it will divide out the quails from the sea, and will cast upon the camp, as the way of a day hither, and the way of a day thither, round about the camp, and as two cubits upon the face of the earth.
For only Og, king Of Bashan, remained from the remnant of the Rephaims; behold, his bed, a bed of iron; is it not in Rabbath of the sons of Ammon? nine cubits its length and four cubits its breadth, according to the cubit of a man.
And I shall see in the plunder a wide cloak of Shinar, a good one, and two hundred shekels of silver and one tongue of gold of fifty shekels from its weight, and I shall desire them, and shall take them, and behold them hid in the earth in the midst of my tent, and the silver under it.
And in his shaving his head (and it was from the end of days to days that he will shave, for it was heavy upon him;) and he shaved and weighed the hair of his head, two hundred shekels by the stone of the king.
And the house which king Solomon built to Jehovah, sixty cubits its length, and twenty its breadth, and thirty cubits its height
Nothing in the ark only the two tables of stones that Moses set down there in Horeb which Jehovah cut out with the sons of Israel in their coming out of the land of Egypt
And three hundred shields of beaten gold; three parts of gold will come up upon the one shield: and the king will give them to the house of the forest of Lebanon.
And a great famine will be in Shomeron: and behold them pressing upon it till the head of an ass was for eighty of silver, and the fourth of a cup of doves dung, for five of silver.
Upon what were its bases impressed? or who placed its corner-stone? In the rejoicing together of the stars of morning, and all the sons of God will shout for joy?
Behold, thou gavest my days a hand-breadth, and my life as nothing before thee: but every man stood all vanity. Silence.
Who measured the water in his palm, and measured the heavens with a span, and held the dust of the earth in a third, and weighed the mountains in a balance and the bills in scales?
And behold a wall from without to the house round about, round about, and in the man's hand a reed of measure six cubits by the cubit, and a handbreadth: and he will measure the breadth of the building, one reed: and the height, one reed.
And behold a wall from without to the house round about, round about, and in the man's hand a reed of measure six cubits by the cubit, and a handbreadth: and he will measure the breadth of the building, one reed: and the height, one reed.
And I saw to the house the height round about, round about the foundations of the sides the fulness of a reed, six cubits the joining.
And these the measures of the altar by cubits: a cubit, a cubit and a hand-breadth; and the bosom, a cubit and a cubit the breadth; and its bound to its lip round about, one span: and this the back of the altar.
The ephah and the bath shall be one measure, for the bath to lift up the tenth of the homer, and the ephah the tenth of the homer: to the homer shall it be from its measure.
The ephah and the bath shall be one measure, for the bath to lift up the tenth of the homer, and the ephah the tenth of the homer: to the homer shall it be from its measure. And the shekel twenty gerahs: twenty shekels, five and twenty shekels, fifteen shekels the maneh shall be to you.
And the law of oil, the bath of oil, the tenth of the bath from the cor, ten baths the homer, for ten baths are the homer.
And I shall buy her to me for fifteen of silver, and an homer of barley, and a measure of barley:
Saying, When will the month pass through, and we will sell grain? and the Sabbath, and we will open wheat to diminish the ephah, and to enlarge the shekel, and to make crooked the balance of deceit?
Who art thou, O great mountain? before the face of Zerubbabel for a level region. And he brought forth the stone of the head, a noise: Grace, grace to it
Neither do they burn a light, and set it under a basket, but upon a chandelier: and it shines to all in the house.
And whoever shall compel thee to carry dispatches one mile, go forward with him two.
Another parable spake he to them; The kingdom of the heavens is like to leaven, which a woman having taken, hid in three measures of wheaten flour, till the whole was leavened.
And they having come to Capernaum, they taking double drachmas came to Peter and said, Does not your teacher pay double drachmas?
And from the market-place, except they be immersed, they eat not. And there are many other things which they received to hold; the immersion of cups, and of measures, and of brazen vases, and of chairs.) Then the Pharisees and scribes asked him, Wherefore do not thy disciples according to the tradition of the elders, but eat bread with unwashed hands? read more. And he having answered, said to them, That Esaias prophesied well concerning you, as it has been written, This people honour me with lips, and their heart keeps far from me. And in vain they revere me, teaching doctrines the commands of men. For having left the command of God, ye hold firmly to the tradition of men, the immersion of measures and cups: and many other such like things ye do.
And he said, An hundred baths of oil. And he said to him, Take thou thy book, and having quickly sat down, write fifty. Then said he to another, How much owest thou? And he said, An hundred measures of wheat. And he said to him, Take thy book, and write eighty.
And, behold, two of them were going in the same day to a town being about sixty stadia from Jerusalem, the name of which Emmaus.
And they were always in the temple, praising and extolling God. Amen.
And six stone water-buckets were placed there, according to the purification of the Jews, containing each two or three measures.
Wherefore then are ye no more foreigners and sojourners, but fellow-citizens of the holy, and the household of God;
By faith Abel brought near a greater sacrifice to God than Cain, by which he was testified of to be just, God testifying of his gifts; and by it he being dead yet speaks.
And I heard a voice in the midst of the four living creatures saying, A measure of wheat for a drachma, and three measures of barley for a drachma; and thou shouldest not injure the oil and the wine.
And he measured her wall, an hundred forty-four cubits, the measure of a man, which is the angel.
Hastings
Since the most important of all ancient Oriental systems of weights and measures, the Babylonian, seems to have been based on a unit of length (the measures of capacity and weight being scientifically derived there from), it is reasonable to deal with the measures of length before proceeding to measures of capacity and weight. At the same time it seems probable that the measures of length in use in Palestine were based on a more primitive, and (so far as we know) unscientific system, which is to be connected with Egypt. The Babylonian system associated with Gudea (c. b.c. 3000), on statues of whom a scale, indicating a cubit of 30 digits or 19? inches, has been found engraved, was not adopted by the Hebrews.
I. Measures of Length
The Hebrew unit was a cubit /6 of a reed, Eze 40:5), containing 2 spans or 6 palms or 24 finger's breadths. The early system did not recognize the foot or the fathom. Measurements were taken both by the 6-cubit rod or reed and the line or 'fillet' (Eze 40:3; Jer 31:39; 52:21; 1Ki 7:15).
The ancient Hebrew literary authorities for the early Hebrew cubit are as follows. The 'cubit of a man' (De 3:11) was the unit by which the 'bedstead' of Og, king of Bashan, was measured (cf. Re 21:17). This implies that at the time to which the passage belongs (apparently not long before the time of Ezekiel) the Hebrews were familiar with more than one cubit, of which that in question was the ordinary working cubit. Solomon's Temple was laid out on the basis of a cubit 'after the first (or ancient) measure' (2Ch 3:3). Now Ezekiel (Eze 40:5; 43:13) prophesies the building of a Temple on a unit which he describes as a cubit and a band's breadth, i.e. 7/5 of the ordinary cubit. As in his vision he is practically reproducing Solomon's Temple, we may infer that Solomon's cubit, i.e. the ancient cubit, was also /5 of the ordinary cubit of Ezekiel's time. We thus have an ordinary cubit of 6, and what we may call (by analogy with the Egyptian system) the royal cubit of 7 hand's breadths. For this double system is curiously parallel to the Egyptian, in which there was a common cubit of 0.450 m. or 17.72 in., which was /7 of the royal cubit of 0.525 m. or 20.67 in. (these data are derived from actual measuring rods). A similar distinction between a common and a royal norm existed in the Babylonian weight-system. Its object there was probably to give the government an advantage in the case of taxation; probably also in the case of measures of length the excess of the royal over the common measure had a similar object.
We have at present no means of ascertaining the exact dimensions of the Hebrew ordinary and royal cubits. The balance of evidence is certainly in favour of a fairly close approximation to the Egyptian system. The estimates vary from 16 to 25.2 inches. They are based on: (1) the Siloam inscription, which says: 'The waters flowed from the outlet to the Pool 1200 cubits,' or, according to another reading, '1000 cubits.' The length of the canal is estimated at 537.6 m., which yields a cubit of 0.525 to 0.527 m. (20.67 to 20.75 in.) or 0.538 m. (21.18 in.) according to the reading adopted. Further uncertainty is occasioned by the possibility of the number 1200 or 1000 being only a round number. The evidence of the Siloam inscription is thus of a most unsatisfactory kind. (2) The measurements of tombs. Some of these appear to be constructed on the basis of the Egyptian cubit; others seem to yield cubits of 0.575 m. (about 22.6 in.) or 0.641 m. (about 25.2 in.). The last two cubits seem to be improbable. The measurements of another tomb (known as the Tomb of Joshua) seem to confirm the deduction of the cubit of about 0.525 m. (3) The measurement of grains of barley. This has been objected to for more than one reason. But the Rabbinical tradition allowed 144 barley-corns of medium size, laid side by side, to the cubit; and it is remarkable that a recent careful attempt made on these lioes resulted in a cubit of 17.77 in. (0.451 m.), which is the Egyptian common cubit. (4) Recently it has been pointed out that Josephus, when using Jewish measures of capacity, etc., which differ from the Greek or Roman, is usually careful to give an equation explaining the measures to his Greek or Roman readers, while in the case of the cubit he does not do so, but seems to regard the Hebrew and the Roman-Attic as practically the same. The Roman-Attic cubit (1/2 ft.) is fixed at 0.444 m. or 17.57 in., so that we have here a close approximation to the Egyptian common cubit. Probably in Josephus' time the Hebrew common cubit was, as ascertained by the methods mentioned above, 0.450 m.; and the difference between this and the Attic-Roman was regarded by him as negligible for ordinary purposes. (5) The Mishna. No data of any value for the exact determination of the cubit are to be obtained from this source. Four cubits is given as the length of a loculus in a rock-cut tomb; it has been pointed out that, allowing some 2 inches for the bier, and taking 5 ft. 6 in. to 5 ft. 8 in. as the average height of the Jewish body, this gives 4 cubits = 5 ft. 10 in., or 17/2 in. to the cubit. On the cubit in Herod's Temple, see A. R. S. Kennedy in art. Temple (p. 902), and in artt. in Expository Times xx. [1908], p. 24 ff.
The general inference from the above five sources of information is that the Jews had two cubits, a shorter and a longer, corresponding closely to the Egyptian common and royal cubit. The equivalents are expressed in the following table:
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And it shall be when the camels finished drinking, and the man will take a gold ring of half a shekel, and two bracelets for her hands of ten shekels of gold.
And he will set a way of three days between him and between Jacob; and Jacob fed Laban's sheep the rest.
And they will remove from the House of God; and there will be yet a measure of land to come to Ephrath: and Rachel will bring forth, and she will be hard in bringing forth.
And I in my coming from Padan, Rachel died by me in the land of Canaan, in the way, in yet a length of land to go to Ephrath: and I shall bury her there in the way of Ephmth; this the house of bread.
See, for Jehovah gave to you the Sabbath; for this be gave to you in the sixth day, bread of two days: sit ye each in his station; a man shall not go forth from his place in the seventh day.
Four-square shall it be, doubled; a span its length, and a span its breadth.
This they shall give, all passing by upon their reviewing, from half the shekel by the holy shekel; (twenty gerahs the shekel:) from half a shekel an offering to Jehovah.
Take thou to thee spices of head of flowing myrrh, five hundred: and fragrant cinnamon of its half, fifty and two hundred; and fragrant reed, fifty and two hundred. And cassia, five hundred by the holy shekel, and the oil of olive, a hin:
All the gold wrought for the work in all the Works of the holy place, and the gold of the waving, will be nine and twenty talents, and seven hundred and thirty shekels, by the shekel of the holy place. And the silver of those being reviewed of the assembly, a hundred talents, and a thousand seven hundred and five and seventy shekels, by the shekel of the holy place. read more. A bekah for a head, being half of a shekel by the shekel of the holy place, for all passing through upon reviewing, from the son of twenty years and from above, for six hundred thousand and three thousand and five hundred and fifty.
It was four-square; they made the breast-plate double: a span its length, and a span its breadth; double.
And he brought it to Aaron's sons the priests: and he pressed together from it his hand full from its fine flour, and from its oil, upon all its frankincense, and the priest burnt its memorial upon the altar, a sacrifice, an odor of sweetness to Jehovah.
And in the eighth day he shall take two blameless lambs, and one blameless ewe lamb, the daughter of her year, and three tenths of fine flour, a gift mingled with oil, and one measure of oil.
And the priest took one he lamb and brought him near for trespass, and the measure of oil, and lifted them up, a waving before Jehovah.
Just balances, just stones, a just ephah, and a just hin shall be to you: I Jehovah your God who brought you out of the land of Egypt.
And if from the field of his possession a man shall consecrate to Jehovah, and thy estimation was according to its seed: the seed of an omer of barley, at fifty shekels of silver.
And all thy estimation shall be according to the holy shekel: twenty gerahs shall be the shekel.
And they will remove from the mountain of God, a way of three days: and the ark of the covenant of Jehovah removed before them, a way of three days, to search out for them a rest
And a spirit removed from Jehovah and it will divide out the quails from the sea, and will cast upon the camp, as the way of a day hither, and the way of a day thither, round about the camp, and as two cubits upon the face of the earth.
For only Og, king Of Bashan, remained from the remnant of the Rephaims; behold, his bed, a bed of iron; is it not in Rabbath of the sons of Ammon? nine cubits its length and four cubits its breadth, according to the cubit of a man.
And Ehud will make to him a sword, and to it two mouths; a cubit its length: and he will gird it from under his garments upon his right thigh.
And the first blow which Jonathan struck, and he lifting up his arms, will be about twenty men in about half the furrow of a yoke of a field.
And it will be when they lifting up the ark of Jehovah went six steps, and he will sacrifice oxen and fat things.
And in his shaving his head (and it was from the end of days to days that he will shave, for it was heavy upon him;) and he shaved and weighed the hair of his head, two hundred shekels by the stone of the king.
And its thickness a hand breadth, and its lip as the work of the lip of a cup the flower of the lily: it will hold two thousand baths.
And three hundred shields of beaten gold; three parts of gold will come up upon the one shield: and the king will give them to the house of the forest of Lebanon.
And he will build with the stones an altar in the name of Jehovah: and he will make a channel, rolling up two measures of seed, round about the altar.
And a great famine will be in Shomeron: and behold them pressing upon it till the head of an ass was for eighty of silver, and the fourth of a cup of doves dung, for five of silver.
And a great famine will be in Shomeron: and behold them pressing upon it till the head of an ass was for eighty of silver, and the fourth of a cup of doves dung, for five of silver.
And these Solomon founded to build the house of God. The length of cubits in the first measure, sixty cubits, and the breadth twenty cubits.
For ten measures of a vineyard shall make one bath, and the seed of an omer shall make an ephah.
For ten measures of a vineyard shall make one bath, and the seed of an omer shall make an ephah.
For ten measures of a vineyard shall make one bath, and the seed of an omer shall make an ephah.
And the line of measure shall yet go forth over against it upon the hill Gareb, and it went about Goath.
And the pillars, eighteen cubits the height of the one pillar; and a thread of twelve cubits will surround it; and its thickness four fingers: it was hollow.
And the pillars, eighteen cubits the height of the one pillar; and a thread of twelve cubits will surround it; and its thickness four fingers: it was hollow.
And he will bring me there, and behold, a man, his appearance as the appearance of brass, and a cord of flax in his hand, and a reed of measure; and he stood in the gate.
And behold a wall from without to the house round about, round about, and in the man's hand a reed of measure six cubits by the cubit, and a handbreadth: and he will measure the breadth of the building, one reed: and the height, one reed.
And behold a wall from without to the house round about, round about, and in the man's hand a reed of measure six cubits by the cubit, and a handbreadth: and he will measure the breadth of the building, one reed: and the height, one reed.
And behold a wall from without to the house round about, round about, and in the man's hand a reed of measure six cubits by the cubit, and a handbreadth: and he will measure the breadth of the building, one reed: and the height, one reed.
And behold a wall from without to the house round about, round about, and in the man's hand a reed of measure six cubits by the cubit, and a handbreadth: and he will measure the breadth of the building, one reed: and the height, one reed.
And stalls one hand-breadth set up in the house round about, round about: and upon the tables the flesh of the oblation.
And these the measures of the altar by cubits: a cubit, a cubit and a hand-breadth; and the bosom, a cubit and a cubit the breadth; and its bound to its lip round about, one span: and this the back of the altar.
And these the measures of the altar by cubits: a cubit, a cubit and a hand-breadth; and the bosom, a cubit and a cubit the breadth; and its bound to its lip round about, one span: and this the back of the altar.
The ephah and the bath shall be one measure, for the bath to lift up the tenth of the homer, and the ephah the tenth of the homer: to the homer shall it be from its measure.
The ephah and the bath shall be one measure, for the bath to lift up the tenth of the homer, and the ephah the tenth of the homer: to the homer shall it be from its measure. And the shekel twenty gerahs: twenty shekels, five and twenty shekels, fifteen shekels the maneh shall be to you. read more. This the oblation which ye shall lift up: the sixth of an ephah of an homer of wheat, and give the sixth of an ephah of an homer of barley. And the law of oil, the bath of oil, the tenth of the bath from the cor, ten baths the homer, for ten baths are the homer.
And the law of oil, the bath of oil, the tenth of the bath from the cor, ten baths the homer, for ten baths are the homer.
And I shall buy her to me for fifteen of silver, and an homer of barley, and a measure of barley:
And I shall buy her to me for fifteen of silver, and an homer of barley, and a measure of barley:
And I shall buy her to me for fifteen of silver, and an homer of barley, and a measure of barley:
And Jonah will begin to go in to the city the going of one day, and he will call, and say, Yet forty days and Nineveh being overthrown.
Neither do they burn a light, and set it under a basket, but upon a chandelier: and it shines to all in the house.
Another parable spake he to them; The kingdom of the heavens is like to leaven, which a woman having taken, hid in three measures of wheaten flour, till the whole was leavened.
And from the market-place, except they be immersed, they eat not. And there are many other things which they received to hold; the immersion of cups, and of measures, and of brazen vases, and of chairs.)
And they, having supposed him to be in the caravan, came the way of a day, and sought him among Kingmen and among acquaintances.
Then said he to another, How much owest thou? And he said, An hundred measures of wheat. And he said to him, Take thy book, and write eighty.
And having called his ten servants, he gave them ten coins, and said to them, Attend to business, till I come.
And, behold, two of them were going in the same day to a town being about sixty stadia from Jerusalem, the name of which Emmaus.
And six stone water-buckets were placed there, according to the purification of the Jews, containing each two or three measures.
Then Mary having taken a pound of perfumed oil of spikenard, very precious, anointed the feet of Jesus, and wiped his feet with her hairs: and the house was filled with the smell of the perfumed oil.
Then Mary having taken a pound of perfumed oil of spikenard, very precious, anointed the feet of Jesus, and wiped his feet with her hairs: and the house was filled with the smell of the perfumed oil.
And Nicodemus also came, he having come to Jesus at first by night, bringing a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about one hundred pounds.
Then returned they to Jerusalem from the mount called Olive, which is near Jerusalem, having the way of a sabbath.
And I heard a voice in the midst of the four living creatures saying, A measure of wheat for a drachma, and three measures of barley for a drachma; and thou shouldest not injure the oil and the wine.
And great hail, as the weight of a talent, comes down from heaven upon men: and men blasphemed God for the blow of the hail; for its blow is exceedingly great
And he measured her wall, an hundred forty-four cubits, the measure of a man, which is the angel.
Morish
In the O.T. money was weighed. The first recorded transaction in scripture is that of Abraham buying the field of Ephron the Hittite for four hundred shekels of silver, which Abraham 'weighed' to Ephron. Ge 23:15-16. The shekel here was a weight. Judas Maccabaeus, about B.C. 141, was the first to coin Jewish money, though there existed doubtless from of old pieces of silver of known value, which passed from hand to hand without being always weighed. Herod the Great coined money with his name on it; and Herod Agrippa had some coins; but after that the coins in Palestine were Roman. The following tables must be taken approximately only: the authorities differ.
WEIGHTS.
The principal weights in use were as follows with their approximate equivalents:
AVOIRDUPOIS.
Pounds ozs. drams.
Gerah (1/20 of a shekel)
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And this which thou shalt make it, three hundred cubits the length of the ark; fifty cubits its breadth, and thirty cubits its height
Lord, hear me: the land, four hundred shekels of silver; between me and between thee, what is that? and bury thy dead.
Lord, hear me: the land, four hundred shekels of silver; between me and between thee, what is that? and bury thy dead. And Abraham will listen to Ephron, and Abraham will weigh to Ephron the silver, which he spake in the ears of the sons of Heth, four hundred shekels of silver, passing for traffic.
And Abraham will listen to Ephron, and Abraham will weigh to Ephron the silver, which he spake in the ears of the sons of Heth, four hundred shekels of silver, passing for traffic.
And it shall be when the camels finished drinking, and the man will take a gold ring of half a shekel, and two bracelets for her hands of ten shekels of gold.
And he will buy a part of the field where he spread there his tent, from the hand of the sons of Hamor, the father of Shechem, for a hundred lambs.
And he will buy a part of the field where he spread there his tent, from the hand of the sons of Hamor, the father of Shechem, for a hundred lambs.
This the word which Jehovah commanded, Gather ye from it, each according to the mouth of his eating: an omer for the head from the numbering of your souls, ye shall take each for those in his tent
And the omer the tenth of this ephah.
A talent of pure gold he shall make it, with all these vessels.
Four-square shall it be, doubled; a span its length, and a span its breadth.
A tenth of fine flour mixed with beaten oil, the fourth of an hin, and a libation, the fourth of an hin of wine, for the one he lamb.
A tenth of fine flour mixed with beaten oil, the fourth of an hin, and a libation, the fourth of an hin of wine, for the one he lamb.
This they shall give, all passing by upon their reviewing, from half the shekel by the holy shekel; (twenty gerahs the shekel:) from half a shekel an offering to Jehovah.
This they shall give, all passing by upon their reviewing, from half the shekel by the holy shekel; (twenty gerahs the shekel:) from half a shekel an offering to Jehovah.
This they shall give, all passing by upon their reviewing, from half the shekel by the holy shekel; (twenty gerahs the shekel:) from half a shekel an offering to Jehovah.
A bekah for a head, being half of a shekel by the shekel of the holy place, for all passing through upon reviewing, from the son of twenty years and from above, for six hundred thousand and three thousand and five hundred and fifty.
And the brass of the waving, seventy talents, and two thousand and four hundred shekels.
And if his hand shall not reach to the two turtle-doves, or to the two sons of a dove; and he brought his offering who sinned, the tenth of the ephah of fine flour for the sin; he shall not put oil upon it, and he shall not give frankincense upon it; for it is sin.
And in the eighth day he shall take two blameless lambs, and one blameless ewe lamb, the daughter of her year, and three tenths of fine flour, a gift mingled with oil, and one measure of oil. And the priest cleansing, made the man being cleansed stand, and the things, before Jehovah, at the door of the tent of appointment read more. And the priest took one he lamb and brought him near for trespass, and the measure of oil, and lifted them up, a waving before Jehovah. And he slaughtered the lamb in the place where he shall slaughter the sin and the burnt-offering, in the holy place: for as the sin the trespass, it is to the priest; it is the holy of holies. And the priest took from the blood of the trespass, and the priest gave upon the extremity of the right ear of him being cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the great toe of his right foot And the priest took from the measure of oil, and poured upon the priest's left hand. And the priest dipped his right finger from the oil which upon his left hand, and he sprinkled from the oil with his finger, seven times before Jehovah. And from the remainder of the oil which was upon his hand, the priest will give upon the extremity of the right ear of hint being cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the great toe of his right foot, upon the blood of the trespass. And that remaining of the oil which was upon the priest's hand, he will give upon the head of him being cleansed, and the priest expiated for him before Jehovah. And the priest did the sin, and expiated for him being cleansed from his uncleanness; and afterwards he will slaughter the burnt-offering. And the priest brought up the burnt-offering and the gift upon the altar: and the priest expiated for him, and he was cleansed. And if he be poor, and his hand attaining not; and he took one lamb a trespass, for a waving to expiate for him, and one tenth of fine flour mingled with oil, for the gift, and a measure of oil. And two turtle-doves, or two sons of the dove, which his hand shall attain; and one was the sin, and one the burnt-offering. And he brought them in the eighth day for his cleansing, to the priest at the door of the tent of appointment before Jehovah. And the priest took the lamb of the trespass and the measure of oil, and the priest lifted them up, a waving before Jehovah.
And if from the field of his possession a man shall consecrate to Jehovah, and thy estimation was according to its seed: the seed of an omer of barley, at fifty shekels of silver.
And all thy estimation shall be according to the holy shekel: twenty gerahs shall be the shekel.
And thou shalt take five shekels by the heads, according to the holy shekel thou shalt take: twenty gerahs the shekel.
And those being redeemed from the son of a month, shalt thou redeem according to thy estimation, the silver of five shekels according to the holy shekel, it is twenty gerahs.
And I shall see in the plunder a wide cloak of Shinar, a good one, and two hundred shekels of silver and one tongue of gold of fifty shekels from its weight, and I shall desire them, and shall take them, and behold them hid in the earth in the midst of my tent, and the silver under it.
And the bones of Joseph which the sons of Israel brought up out of Egypt, they buried in Shechem, in a portion of the field which Jacob bought from the sons of Hamor the father of Shechem, for a hundred weight; and they will be to the sons of Joseph for an inheritance.
And the first blow which Jonathan struck, and he lifting up his arms, will be about twenty men in about half the furrow of a yoke of a field.
And Abigail will hasten and take two hundred of bread, and two flasks of wine, and five sheep done, and five measures of parched grain, and a hundred clusters of dried grapes, and two hundred cakes of figs, and put upon asses.
And its thickness a hand breadth, and its lip as the work of the lip of a cup the flower of the lily: it will hold two thousand baths.
And its thickness a hand breadth, and its lip as the work of the lip of a cup the flower of the lily: it will hold two thousand baths.
And three hundred shields of beaten gold; three parts of gold will come up upon the one shield: and the king will give them to the house of the forest of Lebanon.
And three hundred shields of beaten gold; three parts of gold will come up upon the one shield: and the king will give them to the house of the forest of Lebanon.
And a great famine will be in Shomeron: and behold them pressing upon it till the head of an ass was for eighty of silver, and the fourth of a cup of doves dung, for five of silver.
And a great famine will be in Shomeron: and behold them pressing upon it till the head of an ass was for eighty of silver, and the fourth of a cup of doves dung, for five of silver.
And will give for the service of the house of God, gold five thousand talents and ten thousand darics, and silver ten thousand talents, and brass a myriad and eight thousand talents, and iron a hundred thousand talents.
And three hundred shields of beaten sold: three hundred of gold he will bring up upon one shield. And the king will give them into the house of the forest of Lebanon.
According to their power they gave to the treasure of the work of gold six myriads and a thousand darics, and of silver, five thousand portions, and of priests' tunics, a hundred.
Even to a hundred talents of silver, and even to a hundred cors of wheat, and even to a hundred baths of wine, and even to a hundred baths of oil, and salt that was not written.
And from the chiefs of the fathers they gave to the treasure of the work, gold, two myriads of drachmas, and silver, two thousand two hundred portions. And what the rest of the people gave was gold, two myriads of drachmas, and silver, two thousand portions, and priests' tunics, sixty and seven.
And there will come to him all his brethren and all his sisters, and all knowing him before; and they will eat bread with him in his house: and they will deplore for him, and they will comfort him upon all the evil which Jehovah brought upon him: and they will give to him tack one weight, and each one ring of gold.
For ten measures of a vineyard shall make one bath, and the seed of an omer shall make an ephah.
And the pillars, eighteen cubits the height of the one pillar; and a thread of twelve cubits will surround it; and its thickness four fingers: it was hollow.
And he will bring me there, and behold, a man, his appearance as the appearance of brass, and a cord of flax in his hand, and a reed of measure; and he stood in the gate. And the man will speak to me, Son of man, see with thine eyes, and hear with thine ears, and set thy heart to all which I cause thee to see; for in order to cause thee to see thou went brought hither: announce all which thou seest to the house of Israel. read more. And behold a wall from without to the house round about, round about, and in the man's hand a reed of measure six cubits by the cubit, and a handbreadth: and he will measure the breadth of the building, one reed: and the height, one reed. And he will come to the gate which its face the: way of the east, and he will come up upon its steps, and he will measure the threshold of the gate, one reed the breadth, and the other threshold, one reed the breadth. And the chamber one reed the length, and one reed the breadth; and between the chambers, five cubits: and the threshold of the gate from the side of the porch of the gate from the house, one reed. And he will measure the porch of the gate from the house, one reed.
And I saw to the house the height round about, round about the foundations of the sides the fulness of a reed, six cubits the joining.
And the shekel twenty gerahs: twenty shekels, five and twenty shekels, fifteen shekels the maneh shall be to you.
And the shekel twenty gerahs: twenty shekels, five and twenty shekels, fifteen shekels the maneh shall be to you.
And the shekel twenty gerahs: twenty shekels, five and twenty shekels, fifteen shekels the maneh shall be to you.
And the law of oil, the bath of oil, the tenth of the bath from the cor, ten baths the homer, for ten baths are the homer.
And I shall buy her to me for fifteen of silver, and an homer of barley, and a measure of barley:
Saying, When will the month pass through, and we will sell grain? and the Sabbath, and we will open wheat to diminish the ephah, and to enlarge the shekel, and to make crooked the balance of deceit?
And behold, a talent of lead was lifted up: and this one woman sitting in the midst of the ephah.
Neither do they burn a light, and set it under a basket, but upon a chandelier: and it shines to all in the house.
Verily I say to thee, Thou shouldst not come out thence, even till, thou shouldst give back the last fourth.
And whoever shall compel thee to carry dispatches one mile, go forward with him two.
Which of you, being anxious, can add one cubit to his size?
Are not two little sparrows sold for a farthing? and one of them shall not fall to the earth without your Father.
Another parable spake he to them; The kingdom of the heavens is like to leaven, which a woman having taken, hid in three measures of wheaten flour, till the whole was leavened.
And they having come to Capernaum, they taking double drachmas came to Peter and said, Does not your teacher pay double drachmas?
But that we should not scandalize them, having gone to the sea, cast a fish hook, and lift up the fish coming up first, and having opened its mouth, thou shalt find a gold coin: having taken that, give to them for me and thee.
And he having begun to settle accounts, one was brought him, a debtor of ten thousand talents.
And having agreed for a drachma a day, he sent them to his vineyard.
And he having received one, having departed, dug in the earth, and concealed his lord's silver.
Said, What will ye give me, and I will deliver him to you? and they placed to him thirty silver coins.
And from the market-place, except they be immersed, they eat not. And there are many other things which they received to hold; the immersion of cups, and of measures, and of brazen vases, and of chairs.)
For having left the command of God, ye hold firmly to the tradition of men, the immersion of measures and cups: and many other such like things ye do.
And one poor widow, having come, cast in two small coins, which is a farthing.
And which of you having anxiety can add to his size one cubit?
Or what woman having ten drachmas, if she lose one drachma, lights not a lamp, and sweeps the house, and seeks diligently till she should find?
Or what woman having ten drachmas, if she lose one drachma, lights not a lamp, and sweeps the house, and seeks diligently till she should find? And having found, she calls together female friends and neighbors, saying, Rejoice with me; for I found the drachma which I lost.
And having found, she calls together female friends and neighbors, saying, Rejoice with me; for I found the drachma which I lost.
And he said, An hundred baths of oil. And he said to him, Take thou thy book, and having quickly sat down, write fifty. Then said he to another, How much owest thou? And he said, An hundred measures of wheat. And he said to him, Take thy book, and write eighty.
And having called his ten servants, he gave them ten coins, and said to them, Attend to business, till I come. And his citizens hated him, and sent an embassy after him, saying, We wish not this to reign over us. read more. And it was in his coming back, having received the kingdom, and he spake to have these servants called to him, to whom he gave the silver, that he might know who had attended to any business. And the first approached, saying, Lord, thy coin has gained ten coins. And he said to him, Well, good servant: because thou west faithful in the least, be thou having power over ten cities. And the second came saying, Lord, thy coin made five coins. And he said to him, And be thou over five cities. And another came saying, Lord, behold, thy coin which I have placed in a napkin: For I feared thee, for thou art an austere man: thou takest up what thou layedst not down, and thou reapest what thou didst not sow. And he said to him, Out of thy month will I judge thee, O evil servant. Thou knewest that I am an austere man, taking up what I laid not down, and reaping what I sowed not: And wherefore gavest thou not my silver to the bankers, and I having come had received it with interest? And to those standing by he said, Take away from him the coin, and give to him having the ten coins. (And they said to him, Lord, he has ten coins.)
And, behold, two of them were going in the same day to a town being about sixty stadia from Jerusalem, the name of which Emmaus.
And six stone water-buckets were placed there, according to the purification of the Jews, containing each two or three measures.
Then Mary having taken a pound of perfumed oil of spikenard, very precious, anointed the feet of Jesus, and wiped his feet with her hairs: and the house was filled with the smell of the perfumed oil.
And Nicodemus also came, he having come to Jesus at first by night, bringing a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about one hundred pounds.
And the other disciples came in a little ship; (for they were not far from land, but as from two hundred cubits) dragging the net of fishes.
Then returned they to Jerusalem from the mount called Olive, which is near Jerusalem, having the way of a sabbath.
And having sounded, they found twenty fathoms; and having removed a little, and again having sounded, they found fifteen fathoms.
And I heard a voice in the midst of the four living creatures saying, A measure of wheat for a drachma, and three measures of barley for a drachma; and thou shouldest not injure the oil and the wine.
And I heard a voice in the midst of the four living creatures saying, A measure of wheat for a drachma, and three measures of barley for a drachma; and thou shouldest not injure the oil and the wine.
And great hail, as the weight of a talent, comes down from heaven upon men: and men blasphemed God for the blow of the hail; for its blow is exceedingly great
And he measured her wall, an hundred forty-four cubits, the measure of a man, which is the angel.
Smith
Weights and Measures.
A. WEIGHTS. --The general principle of the present inquiry is to give the evidence of the monuments the preference on all doubtful points. All ancient Greek systems of weight were derived, either directly or indirectly, from an eastern source. The older systems of ancient Greece and Persia were the AEginetan, the Attic, the Babylonian and the Euboic.
1. The AEginetan talent is stated to have contained 60 minae, 6000 drachme.
2. The Attic talent is the standard weight introduced by Solon.
3. The Babylonian talent may be determined from existing weights found by. Mr. Layard at Nineveh. Pollux makes it equal to 7000 Attic drachms.
4. The Euboic talent though bearing a Greek name, is rightly held to have been originally an eastern system. The proportion of the Euboic talent to the Babylonian was probably as 60 to 72, or 5 to
6. Taking the Babylonian maneh at 7992 grs., we obtain 399,600 for the Euboic talent. The principal if not the only Persian gold coin is the daric, weighing about 129 grs.
5. The Hebrew talent or talents and divisions. A talent of silver is mentioned in Exodus, which contained 3000 shekels, distinguished as "the holy shekel," or "shekel of the sanctuary." The gold talent contained 100 manehs, 10,000 shekels. The silver talent contained 3000 shekels, 6000 bekas, 60,000 gerahs. The significations of the names of the Hebrew weights must be here stated. The chief unit was the SHEKEL (i.e. weight), called also the holy shekel or shekel of the sanctuary; subdivided into the beka (i.e. half) or half-shekel, and the gerah (i.e. a grain or beka). The chief multiple, or higher unit, was the kikkar (i.e. circle or globe, probably for an aggregate sum), translated in our version, after the LXX., TALENT; (i.e. part, portion or number), a word used in Babylonian and in the Greek hena or mina.
See Shekel
See Talent
(1) The relations of these weights, as usually: employed for the standard of weighing silver, and their absolute values, determined from the extant silver coins, and confirmed from other sources, were as follows, in grains exactly and in avoirdupois weight approximately: (2) For gold a different shekel was used, probably of foreign introduction. Its value has been calculated at from 129 to 132 grains. The former value assimilates it to the Persian daric of the Babylonian standard. The talent of this system was just double that of the silver standard; if was divided into 100 manehs, and each maneh into 100 shekels, as follows: (3) There appears to have been a third standard for copper, namely, a shekel four times as heavy as the gold shekel (or 528 grains), 1500 of which made up the copper talent of 792,000 grains. It seems to have been subdivided, in the coinage, into halves (of 264 grains), quarters (of 132 grains) and sixths (of 88 grains). B. MEASURES.--
See Measures
I. MEASURES OF LENGTH. --In the Hebrew, as in every other system, these measures are of two classes: length, in the ordinary sense, for objects whose size we wish to determine, and distance, or itinerary measures, and the two are connected by some definite relation, more or less simple, between their units. The measures of the former class have been universally derived, in the first instance, from the parts of the human body; but it is remarkable that, in the Hebrew system, the only part used for this purpose is the hand and fore-arm, to the exclusion of the foot, which was the chief unit of the western nations. Hence arises the difficulty of determining the ratio of the foot to the CUBIT, (The Hebrew word for the cubit (ammah) appears to have been of Egyptian origin, as some of the measures of capacity (the hin and ephah) certainly were.) which appears as the chief Oriental unit from the very building of Noah's ark.
See Measures
See Cubit
The Hebrew lesser measures were the finger's breadth,
only; the palm or handbreadth,
used metaphorically in
the span, i.e. the full stretch between the tips of the thumb and the little finger.
and figuratively
The data for determining the actual length of the Mosaic cubit involve peculiar difficulties, and absolute certainty seems unattainable. The following, however, seem the most probable conclusions: First, that three cubits were used in the times of the Hebrew monarchy, namely : (1) The cubit of a man,
De 3:11
or the common cubit of Canaan (in contradistinction to the Mosaic cubit) of the Chaldean standard; (2) The old Mosaic or legal cubit, a handbreadth larger than the first, and agreeing with the smaller Egyptian cubit; (3) The new cubit, which was still larger, and agreed with the larger Egyptian cubit, of about 20.8 inches, used in the Nilometer. Second, that the ordinary cubit of the Bible did not come up to the full length of the cubit of other countries. The reed (kaneh), for measuring buildings (like the Roman decempeda), was to 6 cubits. It occurs only in Ezekiel
The values given In the following table are to be accepted with reservation, for want of greater certainty:
2. Of measures of distance the smallest is the pace, and the largest the day's journey. (a) The pace,
whether it be a single, like our pace, or double, like the Latin passus, is defined by nature within certain limits, its usual length being about 30 inches for the former and 5 feet for the latter. There is some reason to suppose that even before the Roman measurement of the roads of Palestine, the Jews had a mile of 1000 paces, alluded to in
It is said to have been single or double, according to the length of the pace; and hence the peculiar force of our Lord's saying: "Whosoever shall compel thee [as a courier] to go a mile, go with him twain" --put the most liberal construction on the demand. (b) The day's journey was the most usual method of calculating distances in travelling,
Ge 30:36; 31:23; Ex 3:18; 5:3; Nu 10:33; 11:31; 33:8; De 1:2; 1Ki 19:4; 2Ki 3:9; Jon 3:3
1 Macc. 5:24; 7:45; Tobit 6:1, though but one instance of it occurs in the New Testament
Lu 2:44
The ordinary day's journey among the Jews was 30 miles; but when they travelled in companies, only ten miles. Neapolis formed the first stage out of Jerusalem according to the former and Beeroth according to the latter computation, (a) The Sabbath day's journey of 2000 cubits,
is peculiar to the New Testament, and arose from a rabbinical restriction. It was founded on a universal, application of the prohibition given by Moses for a special occasion: "Let no man go out of his place on the seventh day."
An exception was allowed for the purpose of worshipping at the tabernacle; and, as 2000 cubits was the prescribed space to be kept between the ark and the people as well as the extent of the suburbs of the Levitical cities on every side,
this was taken for the length of a Sabbath-day's journey measured front the wall of the city in which the traveller lived. Computed from the value given above for the cubit, the Sabbath-day's journey would be just six tenths of a mile. (d) After the captivity the relations of the Jews to the Persians, Greeks and Romans caused the use, probably, of the parasang, and certainly of the stadium and the mile. Though the first is not mentioned in the Bible, if is well to exhibit the ratios of the three. The universal Greek standard, the stadium of 600 Greek feet, which was the length of the race-course at Olympia, occurs first in the Maccabees, and is common in the New Testament. Our version renders it furlong; it being, in fact, the eighth part of the Roman mile, as the furlong is of ours. 2 Macc. 11:5; 12:9,17,29;
Lu 24:13; Joh 6:19; 11:18; Re 14:20; 21:18
One measure remains to be mentioned. The fathom, used in sounding by the Alexandrian mariners in a voyage, is the Greek orguia, i.e. the full stretch of the two arms from tip to tip of the middle finger, which is about equal to the height, and in a man of full stature is six feet. For estimating area, and especially land there is no evidence that the Jews used any special system of square measure
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And this which thou shalt make it, three hundred cubits the length of the ark; fifty cubits its breadth, and thirty cubits its height Light shall thou make to the ark, and to a cubit shalt thou complete it from the ascent; and the entrance of the ark thou shalt set in its side; the lower parts the two and the three shalt thou make.
Fifteen cubits from upward, the waters prevailed: and will cover the mountains.
And Abraham will hasten to the tent to Sarah, and will say, Hasten thou measures of the finest flour; knead and make cakes.
And he will set a way of three days between him and between Jacob; and Jacob fed Laban's sheep the rest.
And he will take his brethren with him, and pursue after him a way of seven days: and he will overtake him in Mount Gilead.
And they heard thy voice; and thou camest, thou and the old men of Israel, to the king of Egypt, and ye said to him, Jehovah the God of the Hebrews, met with us; and now will we go a way of three days into the desert, and we will sacrifice to Jehovah our God.
And they will say, The God of the Hebrews called to us; we will go now a way of three days into the desert, and we will sacrifice to Jehovah our God, lest he fall upon us with death or with the sword.
See, for Jehovah gave to you the Sabbath; for this be gave to you in the sixth day, bread of two days: sit ye each in his station; a man shall not go forth from his place in the seventh day.
And the omer the tenth of this ephah.
And thou shalt make to it a closing a hand breadth round about, and make a wreath of gold to its closing round about
Four-square shall it be, doubled; a span its length, and a span its breadth.
A tenth of fine flour mixed with beaten oil, the fourth of an hin, and a libation, the fourth of an hin of wine, for the one he lamb.
And cassia, five hundred by the holy shekel, and the oil of olive, a hin:
And if his hand shall not reach to the two turtle-doves, or to the two sons of a dove; and he brought his offering who sinned, the tenth of the ephah of fine flour for the sin; he shall not put oil upon it, and he shall not give frankincense upon it; for it is sin.
This the offering of Aaron and his sons, which they shall bring to Jehovah, in the day of anointing him; the tenth of the ephah of fine flour a perpetual gift, its half in the morning and its half in the evening.
And in the eighth day he shall take two blameless lambs, and one blameless ewe lamb, the daughter of her year, and three tenths of fine flour, a gift mingled with oil, and one measure of oil.
And if from the field of his possession a man shall consecrate to Jehovah, and thy estimation was according to its seed: the seed of an omer of barley, at fifty shekels of silver.
And the man brought forth his wife to the priest, and brought her offering for her, the tenth of an ephah of flour of barley; he shall not pour oil upon it, and he shall not give frankincense upon it, for it the gift of jealousy, the gift of remembrance, bringing iniquity to remembrance.
And they will remove from the mountain of God, a way of three days: and the ark of the covenant of Jehovah removed before them, a way of three days, to search out for them a rest
And a spirit removed from Jehovah and it will divide out the quails from the sea, and will cast upon the camp, as the way of a day hither, and the way of a day thither, round about the camp, and as two cubits upon the face of the earth. And the people will rise up all that day and all the night, and all the day of the morrow, and will gather the quails: the few gathered ten homers; and they will spread for themselves a spreading round about the camp.
And he bringing near, brought near his offering to Jehovah, a gift of fine flour, the tenth mingled with the fourth of the bin of oil.
And wine for a libation the third of the hin, thou shalt bring an odor of sweetness to Jehovah. And when thou shalt do the son of a cow, a burnt-offering or sacrifice to separate a vow, or peace to Jehovah:
And a tenth of the ephah of fine flour for the gift mingled with oil beaten, the fourth of an hin.
And they will remove from before Hiroth, and they will pass through the midst of the sea of the desert, and they will go a way of three days in the desert of Etham, and they will encamp in Marah.
And the areas of the cities which ye shall give to the Levites from the wall of the city and without, a thousand cubits round about And ye measured from without the city the east side two thousand cubits, and the south side two thousand by the cubit, and the side of the sea two thousand by the cubit, and the north side two thousand by the cubit; and the city in the midst: this shall be to them the areas of the cities.
And ye measured from without the city the east side two thousand cubits, and the south side two thousand by the cubit, and the side of the sea two thousand by the cubit, and the north side two thousand by the cubit; and the city in the midst: this shall be to them the areas of the cities.
Eleven days from Horeb the way of mount Seir to Kadesh-Barnea.
For only Og, king Of Bashan, remained from the remnant of the Rephaims; behold, his bed, a bed of iron; is it not in Rabbath of the sons of Ammon? nine cubits its length and four cubits its breadth, according to the cubit of a man.
And Gideon went in, and he will do a kid of the goats, and an ephah of flour of unleavened: the flesh he put in a basket, and he put the broth in a pot, and he will bring forth to him under the oak and will bring near.
And she will gather in the field till the evening, and she will beat out what she gathered, and it will be about an ephah of barley.
And it will be when they lifting up the ark of Jehovah went six steps, and he will sacrifice oxen and fat things.
And the bread of Solomon for one day will be thirty cors of fine flour, and sixty cors of meal,
And Solomon gave to Hiram twenty thousand cons of wheat food for his house, and twenty cors of beaten oil: thus Solomon will give to Hiram year by year.
And its thickness a hand breadth, and its lip as the work of the lip of a cup the flower of the lily: it will hold two thousand baths.
And he will make ten wash-basins of brass: the one wash-basin will hold forty baths, four by the cubit the one wash-basin, the one wash-basin upon the one base to the ten bases
And a great famine will be in Shomeron: and behold them pressing upon it till the head of an ass was for eighty of silver, and the fourth of a cup of doves dung, for five of silver.
Even to a hundred talents of silver, and even to a hundred cors of wheat, and even to a hundred baths of wine, and even to a hundred baths of oil, and salt that was not written.
Even to a hundred talents of silver, and even to a hundred cors of wheat, and even to a hundred baths of wine, and even to a hundred baths of oil, and salt that was not written.
Behold, thou gavest my days a hand-breadth, and my life as nothing before thee: but every man stood all vanity. Silence.
For ten measures of a vineyard shall make one bath, and the seed of an omer shall make an ephah.
For ten measures of a vineyard shall make one bath, and the seed of an omer shall make an ephah.
Who measured the water in his palm, and measured the heavens with a span, and held the dust of the earth in a third, and weighed the mountains in a balance and the bills in scales?
And the pillars, eighteen cubits the height of the one pillar; and a thread of twelve cubits will surround it; and its thickness four fingers: it was hollow.
And water by measure shalt thou drink, the sixth of the bin: from time even to time shalt thou drink.
And behold a wall from without to the house round about, round about, and in the man's hand a reed of measure six cubits by the cubit, and a handbreadth: and he will measure the breadth of the building, one reed: and the height, one reed. And he will come to the gate which its face the: way of the east, and he will come up upon its steps, and he will measure the threshold of the gate, one reed the breadth, and the other threshold, one reed the breadth. read more. And the chamber one reed the length, and one reed the breadth; and between the chambers, five cubits: and the threshold of the gate from the side of the porch of the gate from the house, one reed. And he will measure the porch of the gate from the house, one reed.
And a gate to the inner enclosure the way of the south: and he will measure from gate to gate the way of the south, a hundred cubits.
And I saw to the house the height round about, round about the foundations of the sides the fulness of a reed, six cubits the joining.
And I saw to the house the height round about, round about the foundations of the sides the fulness of a reed, six cubits the joining.
He measured the wind of the east with the reed of measure, five-hundred reeds, by the reed of measure round about
He measured the wind of the east with the reed of measure, five-hundred reeds, by the reed of measure round about He measured the wind of the north, five hundred reeds by the reed of measure round about
He measured the wind of the north, five hundred reeds by the reed of measure round about The wind of the south he measured five hundred reeds by the reed of measure.
The wind of the south he measured five hundred reeds by the reed of measure. He turned to the wind of the sea, he measured five hundred reeds by the reed of measure.
He turned to the wind of the sea, he measured five hundred reeds by the reed of measure. To the four winds he measured it: the wall to it round about, round about, the length five hundred, and the breadth five hundred, to separate between the holy to the profane.
And these the measures of the altar by cubits: a cubit, a cubit and a hand-breadth; and the bosom, a cubit and a cubit the breadth; and its bound to its lip round about, one span: and this the back of the altar.
The ephah and the bath shall be one measure, for the bath to lift up the tenth of the homer, and the ephah the tenth of the homer: to the homer shall it be from its measure.
This the oblation which ye shall lift up: the sixth of an ephah of an homer of wheat, and give the sixth of an ephah of an homer of barley.
This the oblation which ye shall lift up: the sixth of an ephah of an homer of wheat, and give the sixth of an ephah of an homer of barley. And the law of oil, the bath of oil, the tenth of the bath from the cor, ten baths the homer, for ten baths are the homer.
And the gift an ephah to a ram, a gift for the lambs the giving of his hand, and the oil, an hin to the ephah
And an ephah to the bullock and an ephah to a ram shall he do the gift, and to the lambs, according as his hand shall attain, and the oil, an hin to the ephah.
And in the festivals and in the appointments the gift shall be an ephah to a bullock, and an epbah for a ram, and for the lambs the giving of his hand, and the oil, an bin to the ephah.
And thou shalt do the gift for it in the morning by the morning, the sixth of an ephah, and the oil, the third of an hin, to sprinkle the fine flour; a gift to Jehovah a law forever, continually.
And I shall buy her to me for fifteen of silver, and an homer of barley, and a measure of barley:
Neither do they burn a light, and set it under a basket, but upon a chandelier: and it shines to all in the house.
And whoever shall compel thee to carry dispatches one mile, go forward with him two.
Another parable spake he to them; The kingdom of the heavens is like to leaven, which a woman having taken, hid in three measures of wheaten flour, till the whole was leavened.
And he said to them, Much less the light comes that it be set under a bushel, or under a bed; that it be not set upon a candlestick.
And from the market-place, except they be immersed, they eat not. And there are many other things which they received to hold; the immersion of cups, and of measures, and of brazen vases, and of chairs.)
For having left the command of God, ye hold firmly to the tradition of men, the immersion of measures and cups: and many other such like things ye do.
And none, having lighted a lamp, puts in secret, neither under a bushel, but upon the chandelier, that they coming in should see the light.
It is like leaven, which a woman having taken, hid in three measures of wheaten flour, until the whole was leavened.
Then said he to another, How much owest thou? And he said, An hundred measures of wheat. And he said to him, Take thy book, and write eighty.
And, behold, two of them were going in the same day to a town being about sixty stadia from Jerusalem, the name of which Emmaus.
And six stone water-buckets were placed there, according to the purification of the Jews, containing each two or three measures.
And six stone water-buckets were placed there, according to the purification of the Jews, containing each two or three measures.
Then having urged forward about twent-five or thirty stadia, they behold Jesus walking upon the sea, and being near the ship: and they were afraid.
And Bethany was near Jerusalem, about fifteen stadia.
Then returned they to Jerusalem from the mount called Olive, which is near Jerusalem, having the way of a sabbath.
And I heard a voice in the midst of the four living creatures saying, A measure of wheat for a drachma, and three measures of barley for a drachma; and thou shouldest not injure the oil and the wine.
And I heard a voice in the midst of the four living creatures saying, A measure of wheat for a drachma, and three measures of barley for a drachma; and thou shouldest not injure the oil and the wine.
And the winepress was trodden under foot without the city, and blood came out of the winepress, even to the horses' bridles, from sixteen hundred stadia.
And the city lies quadrangular, and her length is so large, such also the breadth: and he measured the city with the reed, at twelve thousand stadia. Her length, breadth, and height are equal.
And the interior construction of her wall was a jasper: and the city pure gold, like pure crystal.