Reference: Weights and Measures
Fausets
WEIGHTS: mishkol from "shekel" (the weight in commonest use); eben, a "stone", anciently used as a weight; peles, "scales". Of all Jewish weights the shekel was the most accurate, as a half shekel was ordered by God to be paid by every Israelite as a ransom. From the period of the Exodus there were two shekels, one for ordinary business (Ex 38:29; Jos 7:21; 2Ki 7:1; Am 8:5), the other, which was larger, for religious uses (Ex 30:13; Le 5:15; Nu 3:47). The silver in the half-shekel was 1 shilling, 3 1/2 pence; it contained 20 gerahs, literally, beans, a name of a weight, as our grain from grain.
The Attic tetradrachma, or Greek stater, was equivalent to the shekel. The didrachma of the Septuagint at Alexandria was equivalent to the Attic tetradrachma. The shekel was about 220 grains weight. In 2Sa 14:26 "shekel after the king's weight" refers to the perfect standard kept by David. Michaelis makes five to three the proportion of the holy shekel to the commercial shekel; for in Eze 45:12 the maneh contains 60 of the holy shekels; in 1Ki 10:17; 2Ch 9:16, each maneh contained 100 commercial shekels, i.e. 100 to (60 or five to three. After the captivity the holy shekel alone was used. The half shekel (Ex 38:26; Mt 17:24) was the beka (meaning "division"): the "quarter shekel", reba; the "20th of the shekel", gerah.
Hussey calculates the shekel at half ounce avoirdupois, and the maneh half pound, 14 oz.; 60 holy shekels were in the maneh, 3,000 in the silver talent, so 50 maneh in the talent: 660,000 grains, or 94 lbs. 5 oz. The gold talent is made by Smith's Bible Dictionary 100 manehs, double the silver talent (50 manehs); by the Imperial Bible Dictionary identical with it. (See SHEKEL; MONEY; TALENT.) A gold maneh contained 100 shekels of gold. The Hebrew talents of silver and copper were exchangeable in the proportion of about one to 80; 50 shekels of silver are thought equal to a talent of copper. "Talent" means a circle or aggregate sum. One talent of gold corresponded to 24 talents of silver.
MEASURES: Those of length are derived from the human body. The Hebrew used the forearm as the "cubit," but not the "foot." The Egyptian terms hin, 'ephah, and 'ammah (cubit) favor the view that the Hebrew derived their measures from Egypt. The similarity of the Hebrew to the Athenian scales for liquids makes it likely that both came from the one origin, namely, Egypt. Piazzi Smyth observes the sacred cubit of the Jews, 25 inches (to which Sir Isaac Newton's calculation closely approximates), is represented in the great pyramid, 2500 B.C.; in contrast to the ordinary standard cubits, from 18 to 21 inches, the Egyptian one which Israel had to use in Egypt. The 25-inch cubit measure is better than any other in its superior earth-axis commensurability. The inch is the real unit of British linear measure: 25 such inches (increased on the present parliamentary inch by one thousandth) was Israel's sacred cubit; 1.00099 of an English inch makes one pyramid inch; the earlier English inch was still closer to the pyramid inch.
Smyth remarks that no pagan device of idolatry, not even the sun and moon, is pourtrayed in the great pyramid, though there are such hieroglyphics in two older pyramids. He says the British grain measure "quarter" is just one fourth of the coffer in the king's chamber, which is the same capacity as the Saxon chaldron or four quarters. The small passage of the pyramid represents a unit day; the grand gallery, seven unit days or a week. The grand gallery is seven times as high as one of the small and similarly inclined passages equalling 350 inches, i.e. seven times 50 inches. The names Shofo and Noushofo (Cheops and Chephren of Herodotus) are marked in the chambers of construction by the stonemasons at the quarry. The Egyptian dislike to those two kings was not because of forced labour, for other pyramids were built so by native princes, but because they overthrew the idolatrous temples.
The year is marked by the entrance step into the great gallery, 90.5 inches, going 366 times into the circumference of the pyramid. The seven overlappings of the courses of polished stones on the eastern and the western sides of the gallery represent two weeks of months of 26 days each so there are 26 holes in the western ramp; on the other ramp 28, in the antechamber two day holes over and above the 26. Four grooves represent four years, three of them hollow and one full, i.e. three years in which only one day is to be added to the 14 x 26 for the year; the fourth full from W. to E., i.e. two days to be added on leap year, 366 days. The full groove not equal in breadth to the hollow one implies that the true length of the year is not quite 365 1/4 days. Job (Job 38:6) speaks of the earth's "sockets" with imagery from the pyramid, which was built by careful measurement on a prepared platform of rock.
French savants A.D. 1800 described sockets in the leveled rock fitted to receive the four corner stones. The fifth corner stone was the topstone completing the whole; the morning stars singing together at the topstone being put to creation answers to the shoutings, Grace unto it, at the topstone being put to redemption (Job 38:7; Zec 4:7); Eph 2:19, "the chief corner stone in which all the building fitly framed together groweth into an holy tern. pie." The topstone was "disallowed by the builders" as "a stone of stumbling and a rock of offense" to them; for the pyramids previously constructed were terrace topped, not topped with the finished pointed cornerstone.
Pyramid is derived from peram "lofty" (Ewald), from puros "wheat" (P. Smyth). The mean density of the earth (5,672) is introduced into the capacity and weight measures of the pyramid (Isa 40:12). The Egyptians disliked the number five, the characteristic of the great pyramid, which has five sides, five angles, five corner stones, and the five sided coffer. Israel's predilection for it appears in their marching five in a rank (Hebrew for "harnessed"), Ex 13:18; according to Manetho, 250,000, i.e. 5 x 50,000; so the shepherd kings at Avaris are described as 250,000; 50 inches is the grand standard of length in the pyramid, five is the number of books in the Pentateuch, 50 is the number of the Jubilee year, 25 inches (5 x 5) the cubit, an integral fraction of the earth's axis of rotation, 50 the number of Pentecost. (See NUMBER.)
The cow sacrifice of Israel was an "abomination to the Egyptians"; and the divinely taught builders of the great pyramid were probably of the chosen race, in the line of, though preceding, Abraham and closer to Noah, introducers into Egypt of the pure worship of Jehovah (such as Melchizedek held) after its apostasy to idols, maintaining the animal sacrifices originally ordained by God (Ge 3:21; 4:4,7; Heb 11:4), but rejected in Egypt; forerunners of the hyksos or shepherd kings who from the Canaan quarter made themselves masters of Egypt. The enormous mass of unoccupied masonry would have been useless as a tomb, but necessary if the pyramid was designed to preserve an equal temperature for unexceptionable scientific observations; 100 ft. deep inside the pyramid would prevent a variation of heat beyond 01 degree of Fahrenheit, but the king's chamber is 180 ft. deep to compensate for the altering of air currents through the passages.
The Hebrew finger, about seven tenths of an inch, was the smaller measure. The palm or handbreadth was four fingers, three or four inches; illustrates the shortness of time (Ps 39:5). The span, the space between the extended extremities of the thumb and little finger, three palms, about seven and a half inches. The old Mosaic or sacred cubit (the length from the elbow to the end of the middle finger, 25 inches) was a handbreadth longer than the civil cubit of the time of the captivity (from the elbow to the wrist, 21 inches): Eze 40:5; 43:13; 2Ch 3:3, "cubits after the first (according to the earlier) measure." The Mosaic cubit (Thenius in Keil on 1Ki 6:2) was two spans, 20 1/2 Dresden inches, 214,512 Parisian lines long.
Og's bedstead, nine cubits long (De 3:11) "after the cubit of a man," i.e. according to the ordinary cubit (compare Re 21:17) as contrasted with any
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And the LORD God made Adam and his wife garments of skins, and put them on them.
And Abel, he brought also of the firstlings of his sheep and of the fat of them. And the LORD looked unto Abel and to his offering:
But and if thou dost evil, by and by thy sin lieth open in the door. Notwithstanding, let it be subdued unto thee, and see thou rule it."
And Abraham went a pace into his tent unto Sara, and said, Make ready at once three pecks of fine meal; knead it, and make cakes."
And they departed from Bethel, and when he was but a field breadth from Ephrata, Rachel began to travail. And in travailing she was in peril.
And after I came from Mesopotamia, Rachel died upon my hand in the land of Canaan, by the way: when I had but a field's breadth to go unto Ephrata. And I buried her there in the way to Ephrata which is now called Bethlehem."
Therefore God led them about through the wilderness that bordereth on the reed sea. The children of Israel went harnessed out of the land of Egypt.
This is the thing which the LORD hath commanded, that ye gather every man enough for him to eat: a gomer full for a man according to the number of you, and gather every man for them which are in his tent."
And Moses spake unto Aaron, "Take a cruse and put a gomer full of Manna therein, and lay it up before the LORD to be kept for yourhildren after you, as the LORD commanded Moses." And Aaron laid it up before the testimony there to be kept.
And thus much shall every man give that goeth in the number: half a sicle, after the holy sicle: a sicle is twenty geras: and a half sicle shall be the heave offering unto the LORD.
Every man offering half a sicle after the weight of the holy sicle among them that went to be numbered from twenty years old and above, among six hundred thousand and three thousand and five hundred and fifty men.
And the brass of the wave offering was seventy hundred weight and two thousand, and four hundred sicles.
"When a soul trespasseth and sinneth through ignorance in any of the holy things of the LORD, he shall bring for his trespass unto the LORD, a ram without blemish out of the flock valued at two sicles after the holy sicle, for a trespass offering.
"Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, 'When ye be come into the land which I give unto you and reap down your harvest, ye shall bring a sheaf of the first fruits of your harvest unto the priest,
take five sicles of every piece, after the sicles of the holy place; twenty geras; the sicles.
And there went forth a wind from the LORD and brought quails from the sea and let them fall about the host, even a day's journey round about on every side of the host, and two cubits high upon the earth.
For only Og king of Bashan remained of the remnant of the Giants: behold, his iron bed is yet at Rabbah, among the children of Ammon: nine cubits long and four cubits broad, of the cubits of a man.
I saw among the spoil a goodly Babylonish garment, and two hundredth sicles of silver, and a tongue of gold of fifty sicles weight: and I coveted them, and I took them. And behold they lie hid in the earth in my tent and the silver thereunder."
And when he shaved his head - for at every years' end he shaved it because it was heavy on him, and therefore he shaved it - the hair thereof weighed two hundred sicles weight of the king's weight.
And the house which Solomon built for the LORD was three score cubits long and twenty broad and thirty cubits high.
And there was nothing in the Ark save the two tables of stone which Moses put there at Horeb, when the LORD made a covenant with the children of Israel after they were come out of Egypt.
And he made three hundred shields of beaten gold, three pounds of gold going to a piece, and put them in the house of the wood of Lebanon.
And there arose great dearth in Samaria: for they had besieged it, until an ass's head was worth four score sicles of silver, and the fourth part of a cab of doves' dung worth five sicles.
Where upon stand the pillars of it? Or, who laid the corner stone? Where wast thou, when the morning stars praised me together, and all the children of God rejoiced triumphantly?
Behold, thou hast made my days a span long, and mine age is even as nothing in respect of thee; and verily every man living is altogether vanity. Selah
"Who hath holden the waters in his fist? Who hath measured heaven with his span, and hath comprehended all the earth of the world in three measures? Who hath weighed the mountains and hills in a balance?
Behold, there was a wall on the outside round about the house: the measuring rod that he had in his hand, was six cubits long and a span. So he measured the breadth of the building, which was one measuring rod, and the height also one measuring rod.
Behold, there was a wall on the outside round about the house: the measuring rod that he had in his hand, was six cubits long and a span. So he measured the breadth of the building, which was one measuring rod, and the height also one measuring rod.
I saw also that the house was very high round about. The foundation of the side chambers was one measuring rod, that is, six cubits broad.
This is the measure of the altar, after the true cubit which is a span longer than another cubit: his bottom in the midst was a cubit long and wide, and the ledge that went round about it, was a span broad. This is the height of the altar:
The Ephah and the Bath shall be alike. One Bath shall contain the tenth part of a Homer, and so shall one Ephah do: their measure shall be after the Homer.
The Ephah and the Bath shall be alike. One Bath shall contain the tenth part of a Homer, and so shall one Ephah do: their measure shall be after the Homer. One Sicle maketh twenty Gerahs. So twenty Sicles, and twenty five and fifteen Sicles make a Mina.
The oil shall be measured with the Bath: even the tenth part of one Bath out of a Cor. Ten baths make one Homer: for one Homer filleth ten Baths.
So I gat her for fifteen silverlings, and for a homer and a half of barley,
"When will the new month be gone, that we may sell victuals; and the Sabbath, that we may have scarceness of corn; to make the bushel less, and the Sicle greater?
What art thou, thou great mountain, before Zerubbabel? Thou must be made even. And he shall bring up the first stone so that men shall cry unto him, 'Good luck, good luck!''
neither do men light a candle and put it under a bushel, but on a candlestick, and it lighteth all them that are in the house.
And whosoever will compel thee to go a mile, go with him twain.
Another similitude said he to them, "The kingdom of heaven is like unto leaven which a woman taketh and hideth in three pecks of meal, till all be leavened."
And when they were come to Capernaum, they that were wont to gather poll money, came to Peter and said, "Doth your Master pay tribute?"
And when they come from the market, except they wash themselves they eat not. And many other things there be, which they have taken upon them to observe, as the washing of cups and cruses, and of brazen vessels, and of tables. Then asked him the Pharisees and scribes, "Why walk not thy disciples according to the traditions of the elders, but eat bread with unwashen hands?" read more. He answered and said unto them, "Well prophesied hath Isaiah of you hypocrites as it is written, 'This people honoureth me with their lips, but their heart is far from me.' In vain they worship me, teaching doctrines which are nothing but the commandments of men, for ye lay the commandment of God apart, and ye observe the traditions of men as the washing of cruses and of cups, and many other such like things ye do."
And he said, 'An hundred tonnes of oil.' And he said to him, 'Take thy bill, and sit down quickly, and write fifty.' Then said he to another, 'What owest thou?' And he said, 'An hundred quarters of wheat.' He said to him, 'Take thy bill, and write fourscore.'
And behold, two of them went that same day to a town, which was from Jerusalem about three score furlongs, called Emmaus:
And were continually in the temple, praising, and lauding God. Amen.
And there were standing there, six waterpots of stone after the manner of the purifying of the Jews, containing two or three firkins apiece.
Now, therefore, ye are no more strangers and foreigners: but citizens with the saints, and of the household of God,
By faith, Abel offered unto God a more plenteous sacrifice than Cain: by which he obtained witness that he was righteous, God testifying of his gifts: by which also he being dead, yet speaketh.
And I heard a voice in the midst of the four beasts say, "A measure of wheat for a penny, and three measures of barley for a penny: and oil and wine see thou hurt not."
And he measured the wall thereof a hundred and forty four cubits: the measure that the angel had was after the measure that man useth.
Hastings
Since the most important of all ancient Oriental systems of weights and measures, the Babylonian, seems to have been based on a unit of length (the measures of capacity and weight being scientifically derived there from), it is reasonable to deal with the measures of length before proceeding to measures of capacity and weight. At the same time it seems probable that the measures of length in use in Palestine were based on a more primitive, and (so far as we know) unscientific system, which is to be connected with Egypt. The Babylonian system associated with Gudea (c. b.c. 3000), on statues of whom a scale, indicating a cubit of 30 digits or 19? inches, has been found engraved, was not adopted by the Hebrews.
I. Measures of Length
The Hebrew unit was a cubit /6 of a reed, Eze 40:5), containing 2 spans or 6 palms or 24 finger's breadths. The early system did not recognize the foot or the fathom. Measurements were taken both by the 6-cubit rod or reed and the line or 'fillet' (Eze 40:3; Jer 31:39; 52:21; 1Ki 7:15).
The ancient Hebrew literary authorities for the early Hebrew cubit are as follows. The 'cubit of a man' (De 3:11) was the unit by which the 'bedstead' of Og, king of Bashan, was measured (cf. Re 21:17). This implies that at the time to which the passage belongs (apparently not long before the time of Ezekiel) the Hebrews were familiar with more than one cubit, of which that in question was the ordinary working cubit. Solomon's Temple was laid out on the basis of a cubit 'after the first (or ancient) measure' (2Ch 3:3). Now Ezekiel (Eze 40:5; 43:13) prophesies the building of a Temple on a unit which he describes as a cubit and a band's breadth, i.e. 7/5 of the ordinary cubit. As in his vision he is practically reproducing Solomon's Temple, we may infer that Solomon's cubit, i.e. the ancient cubit, was also /5 of the ordinary cubit of Ezekiel's time. We thus have an ordinary cubit of 6, and what we may call (by analogy with the Egyptian system) the royal cubit of 7 hand's breadths. For this double system is curiously parallel to the Egyptian, in which there was a common cubit of 0.450 m. or 17.72 in., which was /7 of the royal cubit of 0.525 m. or 20.67 in. (these data are derived from actual measuring rods). A similar distinction between a common and a royal norm existed in the Babylonian weight-system. Its object there was probably to give the government an advantage in the case of taxation; probably also in the case of measures of length the excess of the royal over the common measure had a similar object.
We have at present no means of ascertaining the exact dimensions of the Hebrew ordinary and royal cubits. The balance of evidence is certainly in favour of a fairly close approximation to the Egyptian system. The estimates vary from 16 to 25.2 inches. They are based on: (1) the Siloam inscription, which says: 'The waters flowed from the outlet to the Pool 1200 cubits,' or, according to another reading, '1000 cubits.' The length of the canal is estimated at 537.6 m., which yields a cubit of 0.525 to 0.527 m. (20.67 to 20.75 in.) or 0.538 m. (21.18 in.) according to the reading adopted. Further uncertainty is occasioned by the possibility of the number 1200 or 1000 being only a round number. The evidence of the Siloam inscription is thus of a most unsatisfactory kind. (2) The measurements of tombs. Some of these appear to be constructed on the basis of the Egyptian cubit; others seem to yield cubits of 0.575 m. (about 22.6 in.) or 0.641 m. (about 25.2 in.). The last two cubits seem to be improbable. The measurements of another tomb (known as the Tomb of Joshua) seem to confirm the deduction of the cubit of about 0.525 m. (3) The measurement of grains of barley. This has been objected to for more than one reason. But the Rabbinical tradition allowed 144 barley-corns of medium size, laid side by side, to the cubit; and it is remarkable that a recent careful attempt made on these lioes resulted in a cubit of 17.77 in. (0.451 m.), which is the Egyptian common cubit. (4) Recently it has been pointed out that Josephus, when using Jewish measures of capacity, etc., which differ from the Greek or Roman, is usually careful to give an equation explaining the measures to his Greek or Roman readers, while in the case of the cubit he does not do so, but seems to regard the Hebrew and the Roman-Attic as practically the same. The Roman-Attic cubit (1/2 ft.) is fixed at 0.444 m. or 17.57 in., so that we have here a close approximation to the Egyptian common cubit. Probably in Josephus' time the Hebrew common cubit was, as ascertained by the methods mentioned above, 0.450 m.; and the difference between this and the Attic-Roman was regarded by him as negligible for ordinary purposes. (5) The Mishna. No data of any value for the exact determination of the cubit are to be obtained from this source. Four cubits is given as the length of a loculus in a rock-cut tomb; it has been pointed out that, allowing some 2 inches for the bier, and taking 5 ft. 6 in. to 5 ft. 8 in. as the average height of the Jewish body, this gives 4 cubits = 5 ft. 10 in., or 17/2 in. to the cubit. On the cubit in Herod's Temple, see A. R. S. Kennedy in art. Temple (p. 902), and in artt. in Expository Times xx. [1908], p. 24 ff.
The general inference from the above five sources of information is that the Jews had two cubits, a shorter and a longer, corresponding closely to the Egyptian common and royal cubit. The equivalents are expressed in the following table:
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And as the camels had left drinking, he took an earring of half a sicle weight, and two bracelets for her hands, of ten sicles weight of gold,
and set three days' journey betwixt himself and Jacob. And so Jacob kept the rest of Laban's sheep.
And they departed from Bethel, and when he was but a field breadth from Ephrata, Rachel began to travail. And in travailing she was in peril.
And after I came from Mesopotamia, Rachel died upon my hand in the land of Canaan, by the way: when I had but a field's breadth to go unto Ephrata. And I buried her there in the way to Ephrata which is now called Bethlehem."
See: because the LORD hath given you a Sabbath, therefore he giveth you, the sixth day, bread for two days. Bide therefore every man at home, and let no man go out of his place the seventh day."
Foursquare it shall be and double, a hand breadth long and a hand breadth broad.
And thus much shall every man give that goeth in the number: half a sicle, after the holy sicle: a sicle is twenty geras: and a half sicle shall be the heave offering unto the LORD.
"Take principal spices: of pure myrrh five hundred sicles, of sweet cinnamon half so much, two hundred and fifty sicles: of sweet calamite, two hundred and fifty. Of cassia, two hundred and fifty after the holy sicle, and of olive oil a hin.
All the gold that was occupied upon all the work of the holy place - which was the gold of the wave offering - was twenty nine hundred weight and seven hundred and thirty sicles, according to the holy sicle. And the sum of silver that came of the multitude, was five score hundred weight and a thousand seven hundred and seventy five sicles of the holy sicle. read more. Every man offering half a sicle after the weight of the holy sicle among them that went to be numbered from twenty years old and above, among six hundred thousand and three thousand and five hundred and fifty men.
And they made it four square and double, a hand breadth long and a hand breadth broad.
and shall bring it unto Aaron's sons, the priests. And one of them shall take thereout his handful of the flour, and of the oil with all the frankincense, and burn it for a memorial upon the altar: an offering of a sweet savour unto the LORD.
And when the eighth day is come, let him take two lambs without blemish and a ewe lamb of a year old without blemish, and three tenth deals of fine flour for a meat offering mingled with oil, and a log of oil.
And let the priest take one of the lambs and offer him for a trespass offering, and the log of oil: and wave them before the LORD.
But ye shall have true balances, true weights, a true ephah and a true hin. I am the LORD your God which brought you out of the land of Egypt,
If a man hallow a piece of his inherited land unto the LORD, it shall be set according to that it beareth. If it bear a homer of barley, it shall be set at fifty sicles of silver.
"'And all setting shall be according to the holy sicle. One sicle maketh twenty geras.
And they departed from the mount of the LORD three days' journey, and the ark of the covenant of the LORD went before them in the three days' journey to search out a resting place for them.
And there went forth a wind from the LORD and brought quails from the sea and let them fall about the host, even a day's journey round about on every side of the host, and two cubits high upon the earth.
For only Og king of Bashan remained of the remnant of the Giants: behold, his iron bed is yet at Rabbah, among the children of Ammon: nine cubits long and four cubits broad, of the cubits of a man.
Ehud made him a two-edged dagger of a span long, and girded it under his garment upon his right thigh;
And that first slaughter which Jonathan and his harness bearer made was upon a twenty men, within the compass as it were about a half acre of land.
And ever, when they that bare the Ark of the LORD had gone six paces, he offered an ox and a fat sheep.
And when he shaved his head - for at every years' end he shaved it because it was heavy on him, and therefore he shaved it - the hair thereof weighed two hundred sicles weight of the king's weight.
And it was a hand breadth thick, and the brim wrought like the brim of a cup with flowers of lilies. And it contained two thousand baths.
And he made three hundred shields of beaten gold, three pounds of gold going to a piece, and put them in the house of the wood of Lebanon.
And with the stones he made an altar in the name of the LORD. And he made a gutter round about the altar, able to receive two pecks of corn.
And there arose great dearth in Samaria: for they had besieged it, until an ass's head was worth four score sicles of silver, and the fourth part of a cab of doves' dung worth five sicles.
And there arose great dearth in Samaria: for they had besieged it, until an ass's head was worth four score sicles of silver, and the fourth part of a cab of doves' dung worth five sicles.
And this is the foundation of Solomon in building the house of God. The length was three score cubits after the old cubit, and the breadth twenty.
And ten acres of vines shall give but a quart, and thirty bushels of seed shall give but an ephah.
And ten acres of vines shall give but a quart, and thirty bushels of seed shall give but an ephah.
And ten acres of vines shall give but a quart, and thirty bushels of seed shall give but an ephah.
From thence shall the right measure be taken before her unto the hill top of Gareb, and shall come about Golgotha
For every pillar was eighteen cubits high, and the rope that went about it, was twelve cubits, and four fingers thick and round.
For every pillar was eighteen cubits high, and the rope that went about it, was twelve cubits, and four fingers thick and round.
Thither he carried me, and behold, there was a man, whose similitude was like brass, which had a thread of flax in his hand, and a measuring rod also. He stood in the door,
Behold, there was a wall on the outside round about the house: the measuring rod that he had in his hand, was six cubits long and a span. So he measured the breadth of the building, which was one measuring rod, and the height also one measuring rod.
Behold, there was a wall on the outside round about the house: the measuring rod that he had in his hand, was six cubits long and a span. So he measured the breadth of the building, which was one measuring rod, and the height also one measuring rod.
Behold, there was a wall on the outside round about the house: the measuring rod that he had in his hand, was six cubits long and a span. So he measured the breadth of the building, which was one measuring rod, and the height also one measuring rod.
Behold, there was a wall on the outside round about the house: the measuring rod that he had in his hand, was six cubits long and a span. So he measured the breadth of the building, which was one measuring rod, and the height also one measuring rod.
And within there were hooks four fingers broad, fastened round about, to hang flesh upon, and upon the tables was laid the offering flesh.
This is the measure of the altar, after the true cubit which is a span longer than another cubit: his bottom in the midst was a cubit long and wide, and the ledge that went round about it, was a span broad. This is the height of the altar:
This is the measure of the altar, after the true cubit which is a span longer than another cubit: his bottom in the midst was a cubit long and wide, and the ledge that went round about it, was a span broad. This is the height of the altar:
The Ephah and the Bath shall be alike. One Bath shall contain the tenth part of a Homer, and so shall one Ephah do: their measure shall be after the Homer.
The Ephah and the Bath shall be alike. One Bath shall contain the tenth part of a Homer, and so shall one Ephah do: their measure shall be after the Homer. One Sicle maketh twenty Gerahs. So twenty Sicles, and twenty five and fifteen Sicles make a Mina. read more. "This is the heave offering, that ye shall give to be heaved: namely, the sixteenth part of an Ephah, out of a Homer of wheat: and the sixteenth part of an Ephah, out of a Homer of barley. The oil shall be measured with the Bath: even the tenth part of one Bath out of a Cor. Ten baths make one Homer: for one Homer filleth ten Baths.
The oil shall be measured with the Bath: even the tenth part of one Bath out of a Cor. Ten baths make one Homer: for one Homer filleth ten Baths.
So I gat her for fifteen silverlings, and for a homer and a half of barley,
So I gat her for fifteen silverlings, and for a homer and a half of barley,
So I gat her for fifteen silverlings, and for a homer and a half of barley,
And Jonah went to and entered into the city even a day's journey, and cried, saying, "There shall not pass forty days but Nineveh shall be overthrown."
neither do men light a candle and put it under a bushel, but on a candlestick, and it lighteth all them that are in the house.
Another similitude said he to them, "The kingdom of heaven is like unto leaven which a woman taketh and hideth in three pecks of meal, till all be leavened."
And when they come from the market, except they wash themselves they eat not. And many other things there be, which they have taken upon them to observe, as the washing of cups and cruses, and of brazen vessels, and of tables.
For they supposed he had been in the company, and therefore came a day's journey, and sought him among their kinsfolk and acquaintance.
Then said he to another, 'What owest thou?' And he said, 'An hundred quarters of wheat.' He said to him, 'Take thy bill, and write fourscore.'
And he called his ten servants, and delivered them ten pounds, saying unto them, 'Buy and sell till I come.'
And behold, two of them went that same day to a town, which was from Jerusalem about three score furlongs, called Emmaus:
And there were standing there, six waterpots of stone after the manner of the purifying of the Jews, containing two or three firkins apiece.
Then took Mary a pound of ointment called nard, perfect and precious, and anointed Jesus' feet, and wiped his feet with her hair, and all the house was filled of the savour of the ointment.
Then took Mary a pound of ointment called nard, perfect and precious, and anointed Jesus' feet, and wiped his feet with her hair, and all the house was filled of the savour of the ointment.
And there came also Nicodemus which at the beginning came to Jesus by night, and brought of myrrh and aloes mingled together about a hundred pound weight.
Then returned they unto Jerusalem from Mount Olivet, which is nigh to Jerusalem, containing a Sabbath day's journey.
And I heard a voice in the midst of the four beasts say, "A measure of wheat for a penny, and three measures of barley for a penny: and oil and wine see thou hurt not."
And there fell a great hail, as it had been talents, out of heaven upon the men; and the men blasphemed God, because of the plague of the hail, for it was great and the plague of it sore.
And he measured the wall thereof a hundred and forty four cubits: the measure that the angel had was after the measure that man useth.
Morish
In the O.T. money was weighed. The first recorded transaction in scripture is that of Abraham buying the field of Ephron the Hittite for four hundred shekels of silver, which Abraham 'weighed' to Ephron. Ge 23:15-16. The shekel here was a weight. Judas Maccabaeus, about B.C. 141, was the first to coin Jewish money, though there existed doubtless from of old pieces of silver of known value, which passed from hand to hand without being always weighed. Herod the Great coined money with his name on it; and Herod Agrippa had some coins; but after that the coins in Palestine were Roman. The following tables must be taken approximately only: the authorities differ.
WEIGHTS.
The principal weights in use were as follows with their approximate equivalents:
AVOIRDUPOIS.
Pounds ozs. drams.
Gerah (1/20 of a shekel)
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And of this fashion shalt thou make it: The length of the ark shall be three hundred cubits, and the breadth of it fifty cubits, and the height of it thirty cubits.
"My lord, hearken unto me. The land is worth four hundredth sicles of silver: But what is that betwixt thee and me? Bury thy dead."
"My lord, hearken unto me. The land is worth four hundredth sicles of silver: But what is that betwixt thee and me? Bury thy dead." And Abraham hearkened unto Ephron and weighed him the silver which he had said in the audience of the sons of Heth. Even four hundred silver sicles of current money among merchants.
And Abraham hearkened unto Ephron and weighed him the silver which he had said in the audience of the sons of Heth. Even four hundred silver sicles of current money among merchants.
And as the camels had left drinking, he took an earring of half a sicle weight, and two bracelets for her hands, of ten sicles weight of gold,
and bought a parcel of ground - where he pitched his tent - of the children of Hamor, Shechem's father, for a hundred lambs.
and bought a parcel of ground - where he pitched his tent - of the children of Hamor, Shechem's father, for a hundred lambs.
This is the thing which the LORD hath commanded, that ye gather every man enough for him to eat: a gomer full for a man according to the number of you, and gather every man for them which are in his tent."
and a gomer is the tenth part of an ephah.
An hundred pound weight of fine gold shall make it with all the apparel.
Foursquare it shall be and double, a hand breadth long and a hand breadth broad.
And unto the one lamb take a tenth deal of flour mingled with the fourth part of a hin of beaten oil, and the fourth part of a hin of wine, for a drink offering.
And unto the one lamb take a tenth deal of flour mingled with the fourth part of a hin of beaten oil, and the fourth part of a hin of wine, for a drink offering.
And thus much shall every man give that goeth in the number: half a sicle, after the holy sicle: a sicle is twenty geras: and a half sicle shall be the heave offering unto the LORD.
And thus much shall every man give that goeth in the number: half a sicle, after the holy sicle: a sicle is twenty geras: and a half sicle shall be the heave offering unto the LORD.
And thus much shall every man give that goeth in the number: half a sicle, after the holy sicle: a sicle is twenty geras: and a half sicle shall be the heave offering unto the LORD.
Every man offering half a sicle after the weight of the holy sicle among them that went to be numbered from twenty years old and above, among six hundred thousand and three thousand and five hundred and fifty men.
And the brass of the wave offering was seventy hundred weight and two thousand, and four hundred sicles.
"'And yet if he be not able to bring two turtle doves or two young pigeons, then let him bring his offering for his sin: the tenth part of an ephah of fine flour for a sin offering, but put none oil thereto neither put any frankincense thereon, for it is a sin offering.
And when the eighth day is come, let him take two lambs without blemish and a ewe lamb of a year old without blemish, and three tenth deals of fine flour for a meat offering mingled with oil, and a log of oil. Then let the priest that maketh him clean, bring the man that is made clean with those things before the LORD unto the door of the tabernacle of witness. read more. And let the priest take one of the lambs and offer him for a trespass offering, and the log of oil: and wave them before the LORD. And then let him slay the lamb in the place where the sin offering and the burnt offering are slain: even in the holy place. For as the sin offering is, even so is the trespass offering the priest's: for it is most holy. "Then let the priest take of the blood of the trespass offering, and put it upon the tip of the right ear of him that is cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the great toe of his right foot. Then let the priest take of the log of oil, and pour it into the palm of his left hand, and dip his right finger in the oil that is in the palm of his left hand, and let him sprinkle it with his finger seven times before the LORD. And of the rest of the oil that is in his hand, shall the priest put upon the tip of the right ear of him that is cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the great toe of his right foot: even upon the blood of the trespass offering. And the remnant of the oil that is in the priest's hand, he shall pour upon the head of him that is cleansed: and so shall be priest make an atonement for him before the LORD. "Then let the priest offer the sin offering, and make an atonement for him that is cleansed for his uncleanness. And then let the burnt offering be slain, and let the priest put both the burnt offering and the meat offering upon the altar; and make an atonement for him, and then he shall be clean. If he be poor and can not get so much, then let him bring one lamb for a trespass offering to wave it and to make an atonement for him, and a tenth deal of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering, and a log of oil, and two turtle doves or two young pigeons which he is able to get, and let the one be a sin offering and the other a burnt offering. And let him bring them the eighth day for his cleansing, unto the priest, to the door of the tabernacle of witness before the LORD. And let the priest take the lamb that is the trespass offering and the log of oil, and wave them before the LORD.
If a man hallow a piece of his inherited land unto the LORD, it shall be set according to that it beareth. If it bear a homer of barley, it shall be set at fifty sicles of silver.
"'And all setting shall be according to the holy sicle. One sicle maketh twenty geras.
take five sicles of every piece, after the sicles of the holy place; twenty geras; the sicles.
And their redemptions shall be at a month old, valued at five sicles of silver, of the holy sicle." A sicle maketh twenty Geras.
I saw among the spoil a goodly Babylonish garment, and two hundredth sicles of silver, and a tongue of gold of fifty sicles weight: and I coveted them, and I took them. And behold they lie hid in the earth in my tent and the silver thereunder."
And the bones of Joseph, which the children of Israel brought out of Egypt, they buried in Shechem, in a parcel of ground which Jacob bought of the sons of Hamor the father of Shechem, for a hundredth pieces of silver, which parcel became the inheritance of the children of Joseph.
And that first slaughter which Jonathan and his harness bearer made was upon a twenty men, within the compass as it were about a half acre of land.
Then Abigail made haste and took two hundred loaves and two bottles of wine and five sheep ready dressed and five measures of parched corn, and a hundred bundles of raisins and two hundred frails of figs, and laded them on asses,
And it was a hand breadth thick, and the brim wrought like the brim of a cup with flowers of lilies. And it contained two thousand baths.
And it was a hand breadth thick, and the brim wrought like the brim of a cup with flowers of lilies. And it contained two thousand baths.
And he made three hundred shields of beaten gold, three pounds of gold going to a piece, and put them in the house of the wood of Lebanon.
And he made three hundred shields of beaten gold, three pounds of gold going to a piece, and put them in the house of the wood of Lebanon.
And there arose great dearth in Samaria: for they had besieged it, until an ass's head was worth four score sicles of silver, and the fourth part of a cab of doves' dung worth five sicles.
And there arose great dearth in Samaria: for they had besieged it, until an ass's head was worth four score sicles of silver, and the fourth part of a cab of doves' dung worth five sicles.
and gave for the service of the house of God, five thousand talents of gold and ten thousand pieces of gold coins, and ten thousand talents of silver, and eighteen thousand talents of brass, and a hundred thousand talents of iron.
and three hundred shields of beaten gold, three hundred sicles of gold to a shield; and he put them in the house of the forest of Lebanon.
and gave after their ability, unto the treasure of the work, one and three score thousand drams, and five thousand pounds of silver, and a hundred priests' garments.
until a hundred talents of silver, until a hundred quarters of wheat, and until a hundred baths of wine, and till a hundred baths of oil, and salt without measure.
And some of the chief fathers gave unto the treasure of the work, twenty thousand and two hundred pound of silver. And the other people gave twenty thousand drams, and two thousand pound of silver, and seven and three score priests' garments.
And then came there unto him all his brethren, all his sisters, with all them that had been of his acquaintance afore, and ate bread with him in his house: wondering at him, and comforting him over all the trouble that the LORD had brought upon him. Every man gave him a sheep and a Jewel of gold.
And ten acres of vines shall give but a quart, and thirty bushels of seed shall give but an ephah.
For every pillar was eighteen cubits high, and the rope that went about it, was twelve cubits, and four fingers thick and round.
Thither he carried me, and behold, there was a man, whose similitude was like brass, which had a thread of flax in his hand, and a measuring rod also. He stood in the door, and said unto me, 'Mark well with thine eyes, hearken to with thine ears, and fasten it in thine heart, whatsoever I shall show thee - for, to the intent that they might be showed thee, therefore art thou brought hither. And whatsoever thou seest, thou shalt certify the house of Israel thereof.' read more. Behold, there was a wall on the outside round about the house: the measuring rod that he had in his hand, was six cubits long and a span. So he measured the breadth of the building, which was one measuring rod, and the height also one measuring rod. Then came he unto the east door, and went up the stairs, and measured the posts of the door, whereof every one was one measuring rod. Every chamber was one measuring rod long and broad: between the chambers were five cubits. The post of the door within the porch, was one measuring rod. He measured also the porch of the innermore door which contained one measuring rod.
I saw also that the house was very high round about. The foundation of the side chambers was one measuring rod, that is, six cubits broad.
One Sicle maketh twenty Gerahs. So twenty Sicles, and twenty five and fifteen Sicles make a Mina.
One Sicle maketh twenty Gerahs. So twenty Sicles, and twenty five and fifteen Sicles make a Mina.
One Sicle maketh twenty Gerahs. So twenty Sicles, and twenty five and fifteen Sicles make a Mina.
The oil shall be measured with the Bath: even the tenth part of one Bath out of a Cor. Ten baths make one Homer: for one Homer filleth ten Baths.
So I gat her for fifteen silverlings, and for a homer and a half of barley,
"When will the new month be gone, that we may sell victuals; and the Sabbath, that we may have scarceness of corn; to make the bushel less, and the Sicle greater?
And behold, there was lift up a talent of lead: and lo, a woman sat in the midst of the measure.
neither do men light a candle and put it under a bushel, but on a candlestick, and it lighteth all them that are in the house.
I say unto ye verily, Thou shalt not come out thence, till thou have paid the utmost farthing.
And whosoever will compel thee to go a mile, go with him twain.
Which of you, though he took thought therefore, could put one cubit unto his stature?
Are not two sparrows sold for a farthing? And none of them doth light on the ground, without your father.
Another similitude said he to them, "The kingdom of heaven is like unto leaven which a woman taketh and hideth in three pecks of meal, till all be leavened."
And when they were come to Capernaum, they that were wont to gather poll money, came to Peter and said, "Doth your Master pay tribute?"
Nevertheless, lest we should offend them, go to the sea and cast in thine angle, and take the fish that first cometh up: and when thou hast opened his mouth, thou shalt find a piece of twenty pence: that take, and pay for me and thee."
And when he had begun to reckon, one was brought unto him, which owed him ten thousand talents:
And he agreed with the laborers for a penny a day, and sent them into his vineyard.
But he that received the one, went and digged a pit in the earth and hid his master's money.
and said, "What will ye give me, and I will deliver him unto you?" And they appointed unto him thirty pieces of silver.
And when they come from the market, except they wash themselves they eat not. And many other things there be, which they have taken upon them to observe, as the washing of cups and cruses, and of brazen vessels, and of tables.
for ye lay the commandment of God apart, and ye observe the traditions of men as the washing of cruses and of cups, and many other such like things ye do."
And there came a certain poor widow, and she threw in two mites, which make a farthing.
Which of you with taking thought can add to his stature one cubit?
Either, what woman having ten groats, if she lose one, doth not light a candle, and sweep the house, and seek diligently, till she find it?
Either, what woman having ten groats, if she lose one, doth not light a candle, and sweep the house, and seek diligently, till she find it? And when she hath found it she calleth her lovers, and her neighbours saying, 'Rejoice with me, for I have found the groat which I had lost.'
And when she hath found it she calleth her lovers, and her neighbours saying, 'Rejoice with me, for I have found the groat which I had lost.'
And he said, 'An hundred tonnes of oil.' And he said to him, 'Take thy bill, and sit down quickly, and write fifty.' Then said he to another, 'What owest thou?' And he said, 'An hundred quarters of wheat.' He said to him, 'Take thy bill, and write fourscore.'
And he called his ten servants, and delivered them ten pounds, saying unto them, 'Buy and sell till I come.' But his citizens hated him, and sent messengers after him, saying, 'We will not have this man to reign over us.' read more. And it came to pass, when he was come again and had received his kingdom, he commanded these servants, to be called to him, to whom he gave his money, to know what every man had done. Then came the first saying, 'Lord, thy pound hath increased ten pounds.' And he said unto him, 'Well good servant, because thou wast faithful in a very little thing; Take thou authority over ten cities.' And the other came saying, 'Lord, thy pound hath increased five pounds.' And to the same he said, 'And be thou also ruler over five cities.' And the third came, and said, 'Lord, behold here thy pound, which I have kept in a napkin, for I feared thee, because thou art a strait man: thou takest up that thou laidst not down; And reapest that thou didst not sow.' And he said unto him, 'Of thine own mouth judge I thee, thou evil servant. Knowest thou that I am a strait man, taking up that I laid not down, and reaping that I did not sow? Wherefore then gavest not thou my money into the bank? That at my coming should I might have required mine own, with vantage.' And he said to them that stood by, 'Take from him that pound, and give it him that hath ten pounds.' And they said unto him, 'Lord he hath ten pounds.'
And behold, two of them went that same day to a town, which was from Jerusalem about three score furlongs, called Emmaus:
And there were standing there, six waterpots of stone after the manner of the purifying of the Jews, containing two or three firkins apiece.
Then took Mary a pound of ointment called nard, perfect and precious, and anointed Jesus' feet, and wiped his feet with her hair, and all the house was filled of the savour of the ointment.
And there came also Nicodemus which at the beginning came to Jesus by night, and brought of myrrh and aloes mingled together about a hundred pound weight.
The other disciples came by ship: For they were not far from land, but as it were two hundred cubits; And they drew the net with fishes.
Then returned they unto Jerusalem from Mount Olivet, which is nigh to Jerusalem, containing a Sabbath day's journey.
and they sounded, and found it twenty fathoms; And when they had gone a little further, they sounded again, and found fifteen fathoms.
And I heard a voice in the midst of the four beasts say, "A measure of wheat for a penny, and three measures of barley for a penny: and oil and wine see thou hurt not."
And I heard a voice in the midst of the four beasts say, "A measure of wheat for a penny, and three measures of barley for a penny: and oil and wine see thou hurt not."
And there fell a great hail, as it had been talents, out of heaven upon the men; and the men blasphemed God, because of the plague of the hail, for it was great and the plague of it sore.
And he measured the wall thereof a hundred and forty four cubits: the measure that the angel had was after the measure that man useth.
Smith
Weights and Measures.
A. WEIGHTS. --The general principle of the present inquiry is to give the evidence of the monuments the preference on all doubtful points. All ancient Greek systems of weight were derived, either directly or indirectly, from an eastern source. The older systems of ancient Greece and Persia were the AEginetan, the Attic, the Babylonian and the Euboic.
1. The AEginetan talent is stated to have contained 60 minae, 6000 drachme.
2. The Attic talent is the standard weight introduced by Solon.
3. The Babylonian talent may be determined from existing weights found by. Mr. Layard at Nineveh. Pollux makes it equal to 7000 Attic drachms.
4. The Euboic talent though bearing a Greek name, is rightly held to have been originally an eastern system. The proportion of the Euboic talent to the Babylonian was probably as 60 to 72, or 5 to
6. Taking the Babylonian maneh at 7992 grs., we obtain 399,600 for the Euboic talent. The principal if not the only Persian gold coin is the daric, weighing about 129 grs.
5. The Hebrew talent or talents and divisions. A talent of silver is mentioned in Exodus, which contained 3000 shekels, distinguished as "the holy shekel," or "shekel of the sanctuary." The gold talent contained 100 manehs, 10,000 shekels. The silver talent contained 3000 shekels, 6000 bekas, 60,000 gerahs. The significations of the names of the Hebrew weights must be here stated. The chief unit was the SHEKEL (i.e. weight), called also the holy shekel or shekel of the sanctuary; subdivided into the beka (i.e. half) or half-shekel, and the gerah (i.e. a grain or beka). The chief multiple, or higher unit, was the kikkar (i.e. circle or globe, probably for an aggregate sum), translated in our version, after the LXX., TALENT; (i.e. part, portion or number), a word used in Babylonian and in the Greek hena or mina.
See Shekel
See Talent
(1) The relations of these weights, as usually: employed for the standard of weighing silver, and their absolute values, determined from the extant silver coins, and confirmed from other sources, were as follows, in grains exactly and in avoirdupois weight approximately: (2) For gold a different shekel was used, probably of foreign introduction. Its value has been calculated at from 129 to 132 grains. The former value assimilates it to the Persian daric of the Babylonian standard. The talent of this system was just double that of the silver standard; if was divided into 100 manehs, and each maneh into 100 shekels, as follows: (3) There appears to have been a third standard for copper, namely, a shekel four times as heavy as the gold shekel (or 528 grains), 1500 of which made up the copper talent of 792,000 grains. It seems to have been subdivided, in the coinage, into halves (of 264 grains), quarters (of 132 grains) and sixths (of 88 grains). B. MEASURES.--
See Measures
I. MEASURES OF LENGTH. --In the Hebrew, as in every other system, these measures are of two classes: length, in the ordinary sense, for objects whose size we wish to determine, and distance, or itinerary measures, and the two are connected by some definite relation, more or less simple, between their units. The measures of the former class have been universally derived, in the first instance, from the parts of the human body; but it is remarkable that, in the Hebrew system, the only part used for this purpose is the hand and fore-arm, to the exclusion of the foot, which was the chief unit of the western nations. Hence arises the difficulty of determining the ratio of the foot to the CUBIT, (The Hebrew word for the cubit (ammah) appears to have been of Egyptian origin, as some of the measures of capacity (the hin and ephah) certainly were.) which appears as the chief Oriental unit from the very building of Noah's ark.
See Measures
See Cubit
The Hebrew lesser measures were the finger's breadth,
only; the palm or handbreadth,
used metaphorically in
the span, i.e. the full stretch between the tips of the thumb and the little finger.
and figuratively
The data for determining the actual length of the Mosaic cubit involve peculiar difficulties, and absolute certainty seems unattainable. The following, however, seem the most probable conclusions: First, that three cubits were used in the times of the Hebrew monarchy, namely : (1) The cubit of a man,
De 3:11
or the common cubit of Canaan (in contradistinction to the Mosaic cubit) of the Chaldean standard; (2) The old Mosaic or legal cubit, a handbreadth larger than the first, and agreeing with the smaller Egyptian cubit; (3) The new cubit, which was still larger, and agreed with the larger Egyptian cubit, of about 20.8 inches, used in the Nilometer. Second, that the ordinary cubit of the Bible did not come up to the full length of the cubit of other countries. The reed (kaneh), for measuring buildings (like the Roman decempeda), was to 6 cubits. It occurs only in Ezekiel
The values given In the following table are to be accepted with reservation, for want of greater certainty:
2. Of measures of distance the smallest is the pace, and the largest the day's journey. (a) The pace,
whether it be a single, like our pace, or double, like the Latin passus, is defined by nature within certain limits, its usual length being about 30 inches for the former and 5 feet for the latter. There is some reason to suppose that even before the Roman measurement of the roads of Palestine, the Jews had a mile of 1000 paces, alluded to in
It is said to have been single or double, according to the length of the pace; and hence the peculiar force of our Lord's saying: "Whosoever shall compel thee [as a courier] to go a mile, go with him twain" --put the most liberal construction on the demand. (b) The day's journey was the most usual method of calculating distances in travelling,
Ge 30:36; 31:23; Ex 3:18; 5:3; Nu 10:33; 11:31; 33:8; De 1:2; 1Ki 19:4; 2Ki 3:9; Jon 3:3
1 Macc. 5:24; 7:45; Tobit 6:1, though but one instance of it occurs in the New Testament
Lu 2:44
The ordinary day's journey among the Jews was 30 miles; but when they travelled in companies, only ten miles. Neapolis formed the first stage out of Jerusalem according to the former and Beeroth according to the latter computation, (a) The Sabbath day's journey of 2000 cubits,
is peculiar to the New Testament, and arose from a rabbinical restriction. It was founded on a universal, application of the prohibition given by Moses for a special occasion: "Let no man go out of his place on the seventh day."
An exception was allowed for the purpose of worshipping at the tabernacle; and, as 2000 cubits was the prescribed space to be kept between the ark and the people as well as the extent of the suburbs of the Levitical cities on every side,
this was taken for the length of a Sabbath-day's journey measured front the wall of the city in which the traveller lived. Computed from the value given above for the cubit, the Sabbath-day's journey would be just six tenths of a mile. (d) After the captivity the relations of the Jews to the Persians, Greeks and Romans caused the use, probably, of the parasang, and certainly of the stadium and the mile. Though the first is not mentioned in the Bible, if is well to exhibit the ratios of the three. The universal Greek standard, the stadium of 600 Greek feet, which was the length of the race-course at Olympia, occurs first in the Maccabees, and is common in the New Testament. Our version renders it furlong; it being, in fact, the eighth part of the Roman mile, as the furlong is of ours. 2 Macc. 11:5; 12:9,17,29;
Lu 24:13; Joh 6:19; 11:18; Re 14:20; 21:18
One measure remains to be mentioned. The fathom, used in sounding by the Alexandrian mariners in a voyage, is the Greek orguia, i.e. the full stretch of the two arms from tip to tip of the middle finger, which is about equal to the height, and in a man of full stature is six feet. For estimating area, and especially land there is no evidence that the Jews used any special system of square measure
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And of this fashion shalt thou make it: The length of the ark shall be three hundred cubits, and the breadth of it fifty cubits, and the height of it thirty cubits. A window shalt thou make above in the ark. And within a cubit compass shalt thou finish it. And the door of the ark shalt thou set in the side of it: and thou shalt make it with three lofts - one above another.
even fifteen cubits high prevailed the waters, so that the hills were covered.
And Abraham went a pace into his tent unto Sara, and said, Make ready at once three pecks of fine meal; knead it, and make cakes."
and set three days' journey betwixt himself and Jacob. And so Jacob kept the rest of Laban's sheep.
Then he took his brethren with him and followed after him seven days' journey, and overtook him at the mount Gilead.
If it come to pass that they hear thy voice, then go, both thou and the elders of Israel unto the king of Egypt, and say unto him, 'The LORD God of the Hebrews hath met with us: Let us go therefore three days' journey into the wilderness, that we may sacrifice unto the LORD our God.'
I know not the LORD, neither will let Israel go." And they said, "The God of the Hebrews hath met with us: let us go, we pray thee, three days' journey into the desert, that we may sacrifice unto the LORD our God; lest he smite us either with pestilence or with sword."
See: because the LORD hath given you a Sabbath, therefore he giveth you, the sixth day, bread for two days. Bide therefore every man at home, and let no man go out of his place the seventh day."
and a gomer is the tenth part of an ephah.
And make unto that a hoop of four fingers broad, round about. And make a golden crown also to the hoop round about.
Foursquare it shall be and double, a hand breadth long and a hand breadth broad.
And unto the one lamb take a tenth deal of flour mingled with the fourth part of a hin of beaten oil, and the fourth part of a hin of wine, for a drink offering.
of sweet calamite, two hundred and fifty. Of cassia, two hundred and fifty after the holy sicle, and of olive oil a hin.
"'And yet if he be not able to bring two turtle doves or two young pigeons, then let him bring his offering for his sin: the tenth part of an ephah of fine flour for a sin offering, but put none oil thereto neither put any frankincense thereon, for it is a sin offering.
"This is the offering of Aaron and of his sons which he shall offer unto the LORD in the day when they are anointed: the tenth part of an ephah of flour, which is a daily meat offering perpetually; half in the morning and half at night:
And when the eighth day is come, let him take two lambs without blemish and a ewe lamb of a year old without blemish, and three tenth deals of fine flour for a meat offering mingled with oil, and a log of oil.
If a man hallow a piece of his inherited land unto the LORD, it shall be set according to that it beareth. If it bear a homer of barley, it shall be set at fifty sicles of silver.
Then let her husband bring her unto the priest and bring an offering for her: the tenth part of an ephah of barley meal, but shall pour none oil thereunto, nor put frankincense thereon: for it is an offering of jealousy, and an offering that maketh remembrance of sin.
And they departed from the mount of the LORD three days' journey, and the ark of the covenant of the LORD went before them in the three days' journey to search out a resting place for them.
And there went forth a wind from the LORD and brought quails from the sea and let them fall about the host, even a day's journey round about on every side of the host, and two cubits high upon the earth. And the people stood up all that night and on the morrow, and gathered quails. And he that gathered the least, gathered ten homers full. And they killed them round about the host.
Then, let him that offereth his offering unto the LORD, bring also a meat offering of a tenth deal of flour mingled with the fourth part of a hin of oil,
and to a drink offering thou shalt offer the third part of a hin of wine, to be a sweet savour unto the LORD. When thou offerest an ox to a burnt offering or in any special vow or peace offering unto the LORD,
And thereto the tenth part of an Ephah of flour for a meat offering mingled with beaten oil, the fourth part of a hin:
And they departed from before Hiroth and went through the midst of the sea into the wilderness, and went three days journey in the wilderness of Etham, and pitched in Marah.
And the suburbs of the cities which ye shall give unto the Levites, shall reach from the wall of the city outward, a thousand cubits round about. And ye shall measure without the city, and make the utmost border of the east side: two thousand cubits. And the utmost border of the south side: two thousand cubits. And the utmost border of the west side: two thousand cubits. And the utmost border of the north side: two thousand cubits also. And the city shall be in the midst. And these shall be the suburbs of their cities.
And ye shall measure without the city, and make the utmost border of the east side: two thousand cubits. And the utmost border of the south side: two thousand cubits. And the utmost border of the west side: two thousand cubits. And the utmost border of the north side: two thousand cubits also. And the city shall be in the midst. And these shall be the suburbs of their cities.
eleven days journey from Horeb unto Kadesh Barnea, by the way that leadeth unto mount Seir.
For only Og king of Bashan remained of the remnant of the Giants: behold, his iron bed is yet at Rabbah, among the children of Ammon: nine cubits long and four cubits broad, of the cubits of a man.
And Gideon went and made ready a kid, and sweet cakes of an Ephah of flour, and put the flesh in a basket and the broth in a pot, and brought it out unto him under the oak and presented it.
And so she gathered until even and then threshed that she had gathered, and it was upon an ephah of barley.
And ever, when they that bare the Ark of the LORD had gone six paces, he offered an ox and a fat sheep.
And Solomon's food was in one day thirty quarters of manchet flour and three score quarters of meal;
And Solomon gave Hiram twenty thousand quarters of wheat to feed his household withal, and twenty butts of pure oil. And so much gave Solomon to Hiram year by year.
And it was a hand breadth thick, and the brim wrought like the brim of a cup with flowers of lilies. And it contained two thousand baths.
Then he made ten lavers of brass containing forty baths apiece, and they were of four cubits apiece, for every one of the bottoms a laver.
And there arose great dearth in Samaria: for they had besieged it, until an ass's head was worth four score sicles of silver, and the fourth part of a cab of doves' dung worth five sicles.
until a hundred talents of silver, until a hundred quarters of wheat, and until a hundred baths of wine, and till a hundred baths of oil, and salt without measure.
until a hundred talents of silver, until a hundred quarters of wheat, and until a hundred baths of wine, and till a hundred baths of oil, and salt without measure.
Behold, thou hast made my days a span long, and mine age is even as nothing in respect of thee; and verily every man living is altogether vanity. Selah
And ten acres of vines shall give but a quart, and thirty bushels of seed shall give but an ephah.
And ten acres of vines shall give but a quart, and thirty bushels of seed shall give but an ephah.
"Who hath holden the waters in his fist? Who hath measured heaven with his span, and hath comprehended all the earth of the world in three measures? Who hath weighed the mountains and hills in a balance?
For every pillar was eighteen cubits high, and the rope that went about it, was twelve cubits, and four fingers thick and round.
Thou shalt drink also a certain measure of water: Namely, the sixth part of a Hin shalt thou drink daily from the beginning to the end.
Behold, there was a wall on the outside round about the house: the measuring rod that he had in his hand, was six cubits long and a span. So he measured the breadth of the building, which was one measuring rod, and the height also one measuring rod. Then came he unto the east door, and went up the stairs, and measured the posts of the door, whereof every one was one measuring rod. Every chamber was one measuring rod long and broad: read more. between the chambers were five cubits. The post of the door within the porch, was one measuring rod. He measured also the porch of the innermore door which contained one measuring rod.
And the door of the innermore court stood toward the south, and he measured from one door to another a hundred cubits.
I saw also that the house was very high round about. The foundation of the side chambers was one measuring rod, that is, six cubits broad.
I saw also that the house was very high round about. The foundation of the side chambers was one measuring rod, that is, six cubits broad.
He measured the east side with the measuring rod, which round about contained five hundred measuring rods.
He measured the east side with the measuring rod, which round about contained five hundred measuring rods. And the north side measured he, which contained round about even so much.
And the north side measured he, which contained round about even so much. The other two sides also toward the south
The other two sides also toward the south and the west - which he measured - contained either of them five hundred measuring rods.
and the west - which he measured - contained either of them five hundred measuring rods. So he measured all the four sides where there went a wall round about five hundred measuring rods long, and as broad also which separated the holy from the unholy.
This is the measure of the altar, after the true cubit which is a span longer than another cubit: his bottom in the midst was a cubit long and wide, and the ledge that went round about it, was a span broad. This is the height of the altar:
The Ephah and the Bath shall be alike. One Bath shall contain the tenth part of a Homer, and so shall one Ephah do: their measure shall be after the Homer.
"This is the heave offering, that ye shall give to be heaved: namely, the sixteenth part of an Ephah, out of a Homer of wheat: and the sixteenth part of an Ephah, out of a Homer of barley.
"This is the heave offering, that ye shall give to be heaved: namely, the sixteenth part of an Ephah, out of a Homer of wheat: and the sixteenth part of an Ephah, out of a Homer of barley. The oil shall be measured with the Bath: even the tenth part of one Bath out of a Cor. Ten baths make one Homer: for one Homer filleth ten Baths.
and an Ephah for a meat offering, with the ram. As for the lambs, he may give as many meat offerings to them, as he will, and a Hin of oil to an Ephah.
With the bullock he shall give an Ephah, and with the ram an Ephah also for a meat offering; but to the lambs, what he may come by. And ever an Hin of oil to an Ephah.
Upon the solemn and high feast days, this shall be the meat offering: an Ephah to a bullock and an Ephah to a ram, and to the lambs: as many as he will, but ever a Hin of oil to an Ephah.
And for a meat offering he shall give the sixth part of an Ephah, and the third part of an Hin of oil to mingle with the cakes every morning. Yea this shall be a daily meat offering unto the LORD, for an everlasting ordinance.
So I gat her for fifteen silverlings, and for a homer and a half of barley,
neither do men light a candle and put it under a bushel, but on a candlestick, and it lighteth all them that are in the house.
And whosoever will compel thee to go a mile, go with him twain.
Another similitude said he to them, "The kingdom of heaven is like unto leaven which a woman taketh and hideth in three pecks of meal, till all be leavened."
And he said unto them, "Is the candle lighted, to be put under a bushel, or under the table? And is it not, rather, lighted to be put on a candlestick?
And when they come from the market, except they wash themselves they eat not. And many other things there be, which they have taken upon them to observe, as the washing of cups and cruses, and of brazen vessels, and of tables.
for ye lay the commandment of God apart, and ye observe the traditions of men as the washing of cruses and of cups, and many other such like things ye do."
"No man lighteth a candle, and putteth it in a privy place, neither under a bushel: But on a candlestick, that they that come in, may see the light.
It is like leaven, which a woman took, and hid in three bushels of flour, till all was through-leavened."
Then said he to another, 'What owest thou?' And he said, 'An hundred quarters of wheat.' He said to him, 'Take thy bill, and write fourscore.'
And behold, two of them went that same day to a town, which was from Jerusalem about three score furlongs, called Emmaus:
And there were standing there, six waterpots of stone after the manner of the purifying of the Jews, containing two or three firkins apiece.
And there were standing there, six waterpots of stone after the manner of the purifying of the Jews, containing two or three firkins apiece.
And when they had rowed about a twenty five or a thirty furlongs, they saw Jesus walk on the sea, and to draw nigh unto the ship, and they were afraid.
Bethany was nigh unto Jerusalem, about fifteen furlongs off;
Then returned they unto Jerusalem from Mount Olivet, which is nigh to Jerusalem, containing a Sabbath day's journey.
And I heard a voice in the midst of the four beasts say, "A measure of wheat for a penny, and three measures of barley for a penny: and oil and wine see thou hurt not."
And I heard a voice in the midst of the four beasts say, "A measure of wheat for a penny, and three measures of barley for a penny: and oil and wine see thou hurt not."
and the wine-vat was trodden without the city, and blood came out of the fat, even unto the horse bridles by the space of a a thousand and six hundred furlongs.
And the city was built four square, and the length was as large as the breadth of it, and he measured the city with the reed twelve thousand furlongs: and the length, and the breadth, and the height of it, were equal.
And the building of the wall of it was of jasper. And the city was pure gold like unto clear glass