Reference: Edom
American
Red, a name of Esau, Isaac's eldest son, appropriate on account of his natural complexion, but given, it would seem, from the current name of food for which he sold his birthright-"that same red," Ge 25:25,30. See ESAU and IDUMEA.
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The first one was reddish. His skin was like a hairy robe, so he was named Esau.
He said to Jacob: I am starving! Give me some of that red stuff. (That is why he was named Edom.)
Easton
(1.) The name of Esau (q.v.), Ge 25:30, "Feed me, I pray thee, with that same red pottage [Heb haadom, haadom, i.e., 'the red pottage, the red pottage'] ...Therefore was his name called Edom", i.e., Red.
(2.) Idumea (Isa 34:5-6; Eze 35:15). "The field of Edom" (Ge 32:3), "the land of Edom" (Ge 36:16), was mountainous (Ob 1:8-9,19,21). It was called the land, or "the mountain of Seir," the rough hills on the east side of the Arabah. It extended from the head of the Gulf of Akabah, the Elanitic gulf, to the foot of the Dead Sea (1Ki 9:26), and contained, among other cities, the rock-hewn Sela (q.v.), generally known by the Greek name Petra (2Ki 14:7). It is a wild and rugged region, traversed by fruitful valleys. Its old capital was Bozrah (Isa 63:1). The early inhabitants of the land were Horites. They were destroyed by the Edomites (De 2:12), between whom and the kings of Israel and Judah there was frequent war (2Ki 8:20; 2Ch 28:17).
At the time of the Exodus they churlishly refused permission to the Israelites to pass through their land (Nu 20:14-21), and ever afterwards maintained an attitude of hostility toward them. They were conquered by David (2Sa 8:14; comp. 1Ki 9:26), and afterwards by Amaziah (2Ch 25:11-12). But they regained again their independence, and in later years, during the decline of the Jewish kingdom (2Ki 16:6; R.V. marg., "Edomites"), made war against Israel. They took part with the Chaldeans when Nebuchadnezzar captured Jerusalem, and afterwards they invaded and held possession of the south of Palestine as far as Hebron. At length, however, Edom fell under the growing Chaldean power (Jer 27:3,6).
There are many prophecies concerning Edom (Isa 34:5-6; Jer 49:7-18; Eze 25:13; 35; Joe 3:19; Am 1:11; Obadiah; Mal 1:3-4) which have been remarkably fulfilled. The present desolate condition of that land is a standing testimony to the inspiration of these prophecies. After an existence as a people for above seventeen hundred years, they have utterly disappeared, and their language even is forgotten for ever. In Petra, "where kings kept their court, and where nobles assembled, there no man dwells; it is given by lot to birds, and beasts, and reptiles."
The Edomites were Semites, closely related in blood and in language to the Israelites. They dispossessed the Horites of Mount Seir; though it is clear, from Ge 36, that they afterwards intermarried with the conquered population. Edomite tribes settled also in the south of Judah, like the Kenizzites (Ge 36:11), to whom Caleb and Othniel belonged (Jos 15:17). The southern part of Edom was known as Teman.
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He said to Jacob: I am starving! Give me some of that red stuff. (That is why he was named Edom.)
Jacob sent messengers ahead of him to his brother Esau in Seir, the country of Edom.
Chief Korah, Chief Gatam, and Chief Amalek. These were the chiefs of Eliphaz in the land of Edom. They were the sons of Adah.
Moses sent messengers from Kadesh to the king of Edom. He said: This is what your brother Israel says: 'You know all the hardships we have had. Our ancestors went to Egypt. We lived there for many years. The Egyptians mistreated our ancestors and us. read more. We cried to Jehovah for help. He heard our cry and sent an angel, who led us out of Egypt. Now we are at Kadesh, a town at the border of your territory. Please permit us to pass through your land. We, including our cattle, will not leave the road or go into your fields or vineyards. We will not drink from your wells. We will stay on the main (king's) road until we are out of your territory.' But the Edomites answered: We refuse to let you pass through our country! If you try, we will march out and attack you. The people of Israel said: We will stay on the main road. If we, or our animals, drink any of your water we will pay for it. All we want is to pass through. The Edomites repeated: We refuse! Then they marched out with a powerful army to attack the people of Israel. The Edomites would not let the Israelites pass through their territory. So the Israelites turned and went another way.
Horites used to live in Seir, but the descendants of Esau chased them out. They destroyed their nation and settled there themselves. This is similar to the Israelites who later chased their enemies out of the land that Jehovah gave them.
Othniel the son of Kenaz, the brother of Caleb, took it: and he gave him Achsah his daughter to wife.
He put troops everywhere in Edom. All the Edomites were David's subjects. Everywhere David went Jehovah gave him victories.
King Solomon also built a fleet of ships at Eziongeber. This is near Elath on the shore of the Gulf of Aqaba, in the land of Edom.
King Solomon also built a fleet of ships at Eziongeber. This is near Elath on the shore of the Gulf of Aqaba, in the land of Edom.
Edom revolted against Judah and became an independent kingdom.
He put to the sword twelve thousand men of Edom in the Valley of Salt. He captured Sela in war, and named it Joktheel, as it is to this day.
Then the king of Edom got Elath back for Edom, and sent the Jews out of Elath. The Edomites returned to Elath where they are living to this day.
Amaziah courageously led his troops. When he came to the Dead Sea region, he killed ten thousand men from Seir. The Judeans captured another ten thousand alive. They took them to the top of a cliff, and threw them off the top of the cliff so that they were dismembered.
My sword is covered with blood in the heavens. It will fall on EDOM and on the people I have claimed for destruction.
My sword is covered with blood in the heavens. It will fall on EDOM and on the people I have claimed for destruction. Jehovah's sword is covered with blood. It is covered with fat, with the blood of lambs and goats, with the fat of rams' kidneys. Jehovah will receive a sacrifice in Bozrah, a huge slaughter in the land of Edom.
Jehovah's sword is covered with blood. It is covered with fat, with the blood of lambs and goats, with the fat of rams' kidneys. Jehovah will receive a sacrifice in Bozrah, a huge slaughter in the land of Edom.
Who is this coming from Bozrah in Edom with his clothes stained bright red? Who is this dressed in splendor, going forward with great strength? It is I, Jehovah! I am coming to announce my victory. I am powerful enough to save you!
Then send messages to the kings of Edom, Moab, Ammon, Tyre, and Sidon, with messengers who have come to King Zedekiah of Judah in Jerusalem.
Now I have handed all these countries over to my servant King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. I have even made wild animals serve him.
This is what Jehovah of Hosts says about Edom: Is there no longer any wisdom in Teman? Has wisdom disappeared from your people? Has their wisdom vanished? Turn and run, take cover in deep places inhabitants of Dedan. When I punish them, I will bring disaster on the descendants of Esau. read more. If people come to pick your grapes, will they not leave a few grapes behind? If thieves come during the night, will they steal only until they have had enough? Yet, I will strip the descendants of Esau. I will find their hiding places. They will not be able to hide. Their children and relatives will be destroyed. None of their neighbors will say: Abandon your orphans, and I will keep them alive. Your widows can trust me. This is what Jehovah says: If those who do not deserve to drink from the cup still drink from it, why should you go unpunished? You will not go unpunished. You must drink from it. I take an oath on myself, says Jehovah, that Bozrah will become a pile of rubble. It will become something horrifying, ridiculed, ruined, and cursed. All its cities will lie in ruins permanently. I heard a message from Jehovah. A messenger was sent among the nations to say: Assemble and attack Edom. Get ready for battle. Edom, I will make you the smallest of nations and despised among humanity. You have frightened other people. Your arrogance has deceived you. You live on rocky cliffs and occupy the highest places in the hills. Even though you build your nest as high as an eagle, I will bring you down from there, proclaims Jehovah. Jehovah said: The destruction that will come on Edom will be so terrible that everyone who passes by will be shocked and terrified. The same thing will happen to Edom that happened to Sodom and Gomorrah, when they and the nearby towns were destroyed. No one will ever live there again. I Jehovah have spoken.
therefore the Lord Jehovah says: 'I will also stretch out my hand (exert my power) against Edom and cut off man and beast from it. I will lay it waste! From Teman even to Dedan they will fall by the sword.
As you rejoiced over the inheritance of the house of Israel because it was desolate, so I will do to you. You will be desolated, O Mount Seir, and all Edom, all of it. Then they will know that I am Jehovah.'
Egypt will be desolation, and Edom will be a desolate wilderness. This is because of the violence done to the children of Judah, because they have shed innocent blood in their land.
Jehovah declared: For three and four transgressions of Edom, I will not withdraw punishment. He pursued his brother with the sword. He showed no compassion but was driven with anger and eternal wrath.
Shall I not in that day, said Jehovah, destroy the wise men out of Edom, and destroy understanding out of the mountain of Esau? Your mighty men, O Teman, will be dismayed, to the end that every one may be destroyed (removed) from the mountain of Esau by slaughter.
And they of the South will possess the mount of Esau! They of the lowland, the Philistines, will possess the field of Ephraim and the field of Samaria! Benjamin will possess Gilead.
Saviors will come up on Mount Zion to judge the mountain of Esau; and the kingdom will be Jehovah's.
And yet I hated Esau and his descendants. I devastated Esau's hill country and abandoned his inheritance to the desert jackals. Esau's descendants, the Edomites, say: Our towns have been destroyed, but we will rebuild them. Thus Jehovah (YHWH) will reply: Let them rebuild. I will tear them down again. People will call them the evil country. They are the nation with whom Jehovah has a long lasting anger.
Fausets
Idumea. ("red".) Esau's surname, the firstborn of Isaac; Jacob's twin brother, who sold his birthright for the red pottage (of yellow brown lentils, dashim; the cooking of which is still seen in Egyptian representations), from whence came his surname (Ge 25:29-34). The name was appropriate to Edom's possession, "mount Seir," the mountainous territory having a reddish hue. Seir means rugged, applicable alike to Seir the hirsute (like Esau) progenitor of the Horites, Edom's predecessors, and to their rugged forest covered territory (Ge 14:6; 32:3; 36:1-8,20-22). It extended from the Dead Sea S. to the Elanitic gulf of the Red Sea. Esau, with his 400 armed men (Ge 32:6), commenced driving out the Horites, and permanently settled in mount Seir after his father's death, yielding Canaan to Jacob, in accordance with his father's blessing.
It is objected to Ge 36:31 that the language supposes kings had already reigned over Israel. But in Ge 35:11 "God Almighty" ('Eel Shaday) had promised Jacob "kings shall come out of thy loins." Moses, too, foretold of the Israelites having a king over them. Naturally then he notices that eight kings had reigned of Esau's family up to his own time, "before the reigning of any king to the children of Israel." The prosperity of the worldly is often immediate and brilliant, but it is transitory; that of God's people is slower in coming, that they may believingly and patiently wait for it, but when it does come it will abide for ever. Of the kingdom of the Messiah, Israel's king, there shall be no end (Lu 1:33). The dukes did not precede the line of Edomite kings, and afterward succeed again (Genesis 36); but a single king (emir) reigned in all Edom contemporaneous with several dukes (skeikhs) or princes of local tribes. The king is mentioned (Jg 11:17), and the dukes a short while before (Ex 15:15).
Moreover, the monarchy was not hereditary, but the kings apparently were elected by the dukes. The Edomites became "dwellers in the clefts of the rocks" (Jer 49:16; compare 2Ch 25:11-12), like their Horite predecessors who were troglodytes or "dwellers in caves" (Ob 1:3-4) Petra (Sela, Hebrew, rock), their chief city, was cut in the rocks. S. Idumea abounds in cave dwellings. Red baldheaded sandstone rocks are intersected by deep seams rather than valleys. In the heart of these, itself invisible, lies Petra (Stanley), Edom' s stronghold in Amaziah's days (2Ki 14:7). Bozrah, now Buseireh, was its ancient capital, near the N. border. (See BOZRAH.) Elath and Ezion Geber were Edom's seaports; afterward taken by David and made by Solomon his ports for equipping his merchant fleet (2Sa 8:14; 1Ki 9:26).
Edom (100 miles long, 20 broad) stretched Edom of the Arabah valley, southward as far as Elath. Eastward of Elath lay the desert. Israel, when refused a passage through Moab N. of Edom, as also through Edom, went from Kadesh by the S. extremity of Edom past. Elath into the desert E. of Edom (De 2:8,13-14,18; Jg 11:17-18; 2Ki 3:6-9). The Brook Zered (wady el Ahsy) was the boundary between Moab (Kerak) and Edom (now Jebal, Hebrew Gebal, mountainous, the N. district, along with Esh. Sherah, the S. district), Edom subsequently took also the territory once occupied by Amalek, S. of Palestine, the desert of Et Tih ("wandering") (Nu 13:29; 1Sa 15:1-7; 27:8). Low calcareous hills are on the W. base of the mountain range of igneous porphyry rock, surmounted by red sandstone.
On the E. is a limestone ridge, descending with an easy incline to the Arabian desert. The promised (Ge 27:40) "fatness of the earth" is in the glens and terraces of Edom (Ge 27:39), while from their rocky aeries they sallied forth "living by the sword." When navigation was difficult merchants' caravans took Edom as their route from the Persian gulf to Egypt, which became a source of wealth to Edom. At Kadesh Edom came out against Israel, on the latter marching eastward across the Arabah to reach the Jordan River through Edom, and offering to pay for provisions and water; for the rocky country there enabled them to oppose Israel. The wady Ghuweir (where probably was "the king's highway") would be the defile by which Israel tried to pass through Edom being the only practicable defile for an army, with pasture and springs (Nu 20:14-21).
But Edom dared not resist Israel's passage along their eastern border, which is more defenseless than their frontier toward the Arabah. Edom then at last made a virtue of necessity and let Israel purchase provisions (De 2:2-8,28-29). In both accounts Israel offered to pay for provisions, and did so at last on Edom's eastern side, whereas they and Moab ought to have "met (Israel as their brother) with bread and water" (De 23:4). Edom was among the enemies on the frontier from whom Saul at the beginning of his reign delivered Israel (1Sa 14:47). Hadad the Edomite, who escaped from David's slaughter to Egypt, returned thence from Pharaoh Shishak to excite Edom to revolt against Solomon (1Ki 11:14). Jehoshaphat of Judah reduced the Edomites 897 B.C., dethroning their king for a deputy from Jerusalem, and trying by a fleet at Ezion Geber to regain the trade; but his vessels were broken by the Edomites or the Egyptians.
Amaziah of Judah killed many thousands in the Valley of Salt near the Dead Sea, and took Selah, afterward Joktheel, the first mention of this extraordinary city (2Ki 14:7), and adopted their gods of mount Seir. Uzziah built Elath on the opposite side of the bay from Ezion Geber, the Roman (Etana, now Akabah; but in Ahaz' reign the Edomites (as 2Ki 16:6 should be read for "Syrians") recovered it (2Ki 14:22). When Israel and Judah declined Edom "broke off Israel's yoke," as Isaac had foretold, in Jehoram's reign (2Ki 8:20-22), re-conquered their lost cities and invaded southern Judah (2Ch 28:17). Edom also joined the Chaldaeans against the Jews (Ps 137:7). Hence, the denunciations against Edom in Ob 1:1, etc.; Jer 49:7, etc.; Eze 25:12, etc.; Eze 35:3, etc. At the Babylonian captivity they seized on the Amalekite territory, and even Hebron in southern Judaea, so that Idumaea came to mean the region between the Arabah and the Mediterranean.
Meanwhile mount Stir or Edom proper, was occupied by the Nabathaeans (descended from Nebaioth, Ishmael's oldest son and Esau's brother in law), a powerful people of S. Arabia; they founded the kingdom of Arabia Petraea in ancient Edom, and their monarchs took the name Aretas. Aretas, the father-in-law of Herod Antipas (Matthew 14), took Damascus at the time of Paul's conversion (Ac 9:25; 2Co 11:32). Rome subdued this kingdom of Arabia A.D. 105. Idumea S. of Palestine was joined to Judaea under Judas Maccabaeus and John Hyrcanus. Antipater, one of the Jewish prefects, an Idumean by birth, by the Roman senate's decree (37 B.C.) became procurator of all Judaea. His son was Herod the Great. Just before the siege under Titus 20,000 Idumeans were admitted into Jerusalem and filled it bloodshed and rapine. Muslim misrule finally destroyed Edom's prosperity in fulfillment of prophecy (Eze 35:3-14).
Psalm 44 was written by the sons of Korah in the midst of Edom's invasion of Israel, taking advantage of David's absence at the Euphrates. David was striving with Aram of the two rivers (Naharaim) and Aram-Zobah when Joab returned and smote of Edom in the Valley of Salt (the scene also of Amaziah's victory over Edom, the plain S. of the Dead Sea, where the Ghor or the Jordan Valley ends; the mount of rock salt, Khasm Usdum, is in its N.W. grainer) 12,000 men (8/13/type/nsb'>2Sa 8:13; 10:6,8,10-19; 1Ch 18:12; 1Ki 11:15-16). Israel's slain lay unburied until Joab returned from smiting Edom along with Abishai. The scattering of Israel among the pagan (Ps 44:11) was but partial, enough to gratify Edom's desire to falsify the prophecy, "the elder shall serve the younger." Edom's spite is marked (Joe 3:19; Am 1:6,9,11).
Israel pleads faithfulness to the covenant, which suits David's time; also they had no "armies" in Babylon (Ps 44:9), which precludes the time of the captivity there. David wrote Psalm 60 when victory was in part gained, and he was sending forth the expedition against Edom. Translated in the title, "when David had beaten down Ar
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and the Horites in the hill country of Seir as far as El-paran on the edge of the wilderness.
One day while Jacob was cooking some stew, Esau came in from hunting. He was hungry. He said to Jacob: I am starving! Give me some of that red stuff. (That is why he was named Edom.) read more. Jacob answered: I will give it to you if you give me your birthright as the firstborn son. Esau said: All right! I am about to die. What good are rights as firstborn to me? Jacob answered: First make a vow that you will give me your birthright. Esau made the vow and gave his rights as firstborn to Jacob. Jacob gave him some bread and some of the soup. He ate and drank and then got up and left. Esau did not care about his birthright.
Then Isaac said to him: You will live off the land and what it yields. You will live by your sword. You will serve your brother. Soon you will become restless and break his yoke from your neck.
Jacob sent messengers ahead of him to his brother Esau in Seir, the country of Edom.
When the messengers returned to Jacob, they said: We went to your brother Esau. He is already on his way to meet you. He has four hundred men with him.
God also said: I am God Almighty. Be fruitful and increase in number. A nation and an assembly of nations will come from you. Kings shall come forth from you.
This is the genealogy of Esau, who is Edom, and his descendants. Esau selected his wives from the daughters of Canaan: Adah the daughter of Elon the Hittite; Oholibamah the daughter of Anah, the daughter of Zibeon the Hivite; read more. and Basemath, Ishmael's daughter, sister of Nebaioth. Now Adah bore Eliphaz to Esau, and Basemath bore Reuel. And Oholibamah bore Jeush, Jaalam, and Korah. These were the sons of Esau who were born to him in the land of Canaan. Then Esau took his wives, his sons, his daughters, and all the persons of his household, his cattle and all his animals, and all his goods which he had gained in the land of Canaan, and went to a country away from the presence of his brother Jacob. For their possessions were too great for them to dwell together, and the land where they were strangers could not support them because of their livestock. So Esau dwelt in Mount Seir. Esau is Edom.
These were the sons of Seir the Horite who inhabited the land: Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, Anah, Dishon, Ezer, and Dishan. These were the sheiks (chiefs) of the Horites, the sons of Seir, in the land of Edom. read more. The sons of Lotan were Hori and Hemam. Lotan's sister was Timna.
Now these were the kings who reigned in the land of Edom before any king reigned over the children of Israel:
The sheiks (chiefs) of Edom were dismayed. The leaders of Moab are griped with fear. The inhabitants of Canaan are filled with fear.
The Amalekites live in the Negev. The Hittites, Jebusites, and Amorites live in the mountain region. The Canaanites live along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea and all along the Jordan River.
Moses sent messengers from Kadesh to the king of Edom. He said: This is what your brother Israel says: 'You know all the hardships we have had. Our ancestors went to Egypt. We lived there for many years. The Egyptians mistreated our ancestors and us. read more. We cried to Jehovah for help. He heard our cry and sent an angel, who led us out of Egypt. Now we are at Kadesh, a town at the border of your territory. Please permit us to pass through your land. We, including our cattle, will not leave the road or go into your fields or vineyards. We will not drink from your wells. We will stay on the main (king's) road until we are out of your territory.' But the Edomites answered: We refuse to let you pass through our country! If you try, we will march out and attack you. The people of Israel said: We will stay on the main road. If we, or our animals, drink any of your water we will pay for it. All we want is to pass through. The Edomites repeated: We refuse! Then they marched out with a powerful army to attack the people of Israel. The Edomites would not let the Israelites pass through their territory. So the Israelites turned and went another way.
Then Jehovah said to me: You traveled around this mountain long enough. Now go north. read more. Give these instructions to the people: You will pass through the territory of your relatives, the descendants of Esau. They live in Seir. They will be afraid of you. Therefore watch yourselves carefully. Do not start a fight with them, because I am not giving you any of their land, not so much as one foot. I gave Esau's descendants the region of Mount Seir as their property. You must pay them in silver for the food you eat and the water you drink. Remember how Jehovah your God blessed you in everything you have done. He took care of you as you wandered through this vast desert. He has been with you these forty years. You had everything you needed.' We moved on and left the road that goes from the towns of Elath and Eziongeber to the Dead Sea. We turned northeast toward Moab.
We moved on and left the road that goes from the towns of Elath and Eziongeber to the Dead Sea. We turned northeast toward Moab.
Then we crossed the Zered River Valley just as Jehovah told us to do. This was thirty-eight years after we left Kadesh-Barnea. By that time all the men who had been in the army at Kadesh-Barnea had died, just as Jehovah said they would.
We will pay you in silver for the food we eat and the water we drink. Please let us go through, as the descendants of Esau, who live in Seir, and the Moabites, who live in Ar, did for us. We will keep going until we cross the Jordan River into the land Jehovah our God is giving us.'
This is because they did not meet you with food and water on the way when you came out of Egypt. It is because they hired against you Balaam the son of Beor from Pethor of Mesopotamia, to curse you.
When they brought out the kings to Joshua, Joshua called for all the men of Israel, and said to the captains of the men of war who went with him: Come near, put your feet on the back of the necks of (humiliate) (abase) these kings. They came near, and put their feet upon their necks.
They sent messengers to the king of Edom to ask permission to go through his land. But the king of Edom would not let them. They also asked the king of Moab, but he would not let them go through his land. So the people of Israel stayed at Kadesh.
They sent messengers to the king of Edom to ask permission to go through his land. But the king of Edom would not let them. They also asked the king of Moab, but he would not let them go through his land. So the people of Israel stayed at Kadesh. Then they went through the desert around the land of Edom and the land of Moab until they came to the east side of Moab, on the other side of the Arnon River. They camped there, but they did not cross the Arnon because it was the boundary of Moab.
It was the custom for the seller to take off his sandal and give to the buyer to settle a sale or exchange of property. By doing this, Israelites showed that the matter was settled.
After Saul became king of Israel, he fought all his enemies everywhere: the people of Moab, of Ammon, and of Edom, the kings of Zobah, and the Philistines. He was victorious wherever he fought.
David made a name for himself by killing eighteen thousand Edomites in the Dead Sea region as he returned to Jerusalem.
David made a name for himself by killing eighteen thousand Edomites in the Dead Sea region as he returned to Jerusalem.
David made a name for himself by killing eighteen thousand Edomites in the Dead Sea region as he returned to Jerusalem. He put troops everywhere in Edom. All the Edomites were David's subjects. Everywhere David went Jehovah gave him victories.
The Ammonites realized they had made themselves repulsive to David. They hired the Arameans from Beth Rehob and Zobah, with twenty thousand foot soldiers. From the army of the king of Maacah they hired one thousand men, and twelve thousand men of Tob.
The Ammonites formed a battle line at the entrance of the city gate. The Arameans from Zobah and Rehob and the men from Tob and Maacah remained by themselves in the open country.
He put his brother Abishai in command of the rest of the army and had them fight the Ammonites. Joab told his brother: If the Arameans are too much for me to handle, you can come and help me. If the Ammonites are too strong for you, I will come and help you. read more. Be brave and fight hard to protect our people and the cities of our God. I pray that Jehovah will do whatever pleases him. Joab and his men advanced to attack the Syrians. The Syrians retreated. The Ammonites saw the Syrians (Arameans) running away. They fled from Abishai and retreated into the city. Then Joab turned back from fighting the Ammonites and went back to Jerusalem. The Syrians knew they had been defeated by the Israelites. They called all their troops together. King Hadadezer sent for the Syrians (Arameans) who were on the east side of the Euphrates River. They came to Helam under the command of Shobach, commander of the army of King Hadadezer of Zobah. David heard of it. So he gathered the Israelite troops and crossed the Jordan River. They marched to Helam, where the Syrians took up their position facing him. The fighting began, and the Israelites drove the Syrian army back. David and his men killed seven hundred Syrian chariot drivers and forty thousand cavalry. They wounded Shobach, the enemy commander, who died on the battlefield. As soon as the kings who were subject to Hadadezer realized that they had been defeated by the Israelites, they made peace with them and became their subjects. The Syrians were afraid to help the Ammonites any more.
Jehovah sent Hadad the Edomite to make trouble for Solomon. He was of the king's seed in Edom.
Edom revolted against Judah and became an independent kingdom. Jehoram and his chariots went to Zair. The Edomite army surrounded them. He and his chariot commanders managed to break out and escape. His soldiers scattered to their homes. read more. Edom has been independent of Judah ever since. The city of Libnah also revolted at that time.
He put to the sword twelve thousand men of Edom in the Valley of Salt. He captured Sela in war, and named it Joktheel, as it is to this day.
He put to the sword twelve thousand men of Edom in the Valley of Salt. He captured Sela in war, and named it Joktheel, as it is to this day.
Then the king of Edom got Elath back for Edom, and sent the Jews out of Elath. The Edomites returned to Elath where they are living to this day.
They are now paying us back by coming to force us out of your land that you gave to us.
After consulting with the people, the king ordered some musicians to put on the robes they wore on sacred occasions and to march ahead of the army. They sang: 'Praise Jehovah! His love is eternal!' As soon as they began singing, Jehovah confused the enemy camp,
Amaziah courageously led his troops. When he came to the Dead Sea region, he killed ten thousand men from Seir. The Judeans captured another ten thousand alive. They took them to the top of a cliff, and threw them off the top of the cliff so that they were dismembered.
The Edomites had again invaded and defeated Judah and captured prisoners.
Yet you have rejected and disgraced us. You do not even go along with our armies.
You give us over to be butchered like sheep and scatter us among the nations.
He chooses our inheritance for us, the grandeur (excellency) (glory) of Jacob whom he loves. God has ascended with a shout, Jehovah with the sound of a trumpet.
God rules over the nations, God sits on His holy throne. The princes of the people have assembled as the people of the God of Abraham. For the rulers (shields) (protectors) of the earth belong to God! He has ascended to the heights.
You break the ships of Tarshish using the east wind.
We have thought about (considered) (compared) your loving-kindness, O God, in the midst of your Temple.
You have given a banner to those who fear you, that it may be displayed because of the truth.
Who will bring me into the strong city? Who has led me to Edom? Is it not you O God, who rejected us? You do not go out with our armies, do you God? read more. Give us help against the adversary, for the help of man is vain. Through God we shall do valiantly, for he will tread down our adversaries.
They conspire with cunning against your people. They plot against your cherished ones. They say: Come and let us destroy them as a nation, that the name of Israel may be remembered no more. read more. For they have come to an agreement united in thought. They form an alliance against you.
O Jehovah, remember the people of Edom. Remember what they did the day Jerusalem was captured. They said: Tear it down! Tear it down to its foundation.
This is what Jehovah of Hosts says about Edom: Is there no longer any wisdom in Teman? Has wisdom disappeared from your people? Has their wisdom vanished?
You have frightened other people. Your arrogance has deceived you. You live on rocky cliffs and occupy the highest places in the hills. Even though you build your nest as high as an eagle, I will bring you down from there, proclaims Jehovah.
The Lord Jehovah says: 'Because Edom has acted against the house of Judah by taking vengeance, and has incurred grievous guilt, and avenged themselves upon them,
Say this, 'the Lord Jehovah says: I am against you, Mount Seir! I will stretch out my hand (exert my power) against you and make you a desolation and a waste.
Say this, 'the Lord Jehovah says: I am against you, Mount Seir! I will stretch out my hand (exert my power) against you and make you a desolation and a waste. I will lay waste your cities and you will become desolated. Then you will know that I am Jehovah. read more. Because you have had everlasting enmity and have delivered the sons of Israel to the power of the sword (to die by warfare) at the time of their calamity, at the time of the punishment of the end.' Therefore as I live, declares the Lord Jehovah: I will give you over to bloodshed (death), and bloodshed (death) will pursue you. Since you have not hated bloodshed, therefore bloodshed will pursue you. I will make Mount Seir a waste and desolation. I will cut off from it the one who passes through and returns. I will fill its mountains with those who have been killed. Those killed by the sword will fall on your hills and in your valleys and ravines. I will make you an everlasting desolation! Your cities will not be inhabited. Then you will know that I am Jehovah!' For the reason that you have said: 'These two nations and these two lands will be mine, and we will possess them,' although Jehovah was there. Therefore as I live,' declares the Lord Jehovah, 'I will deal with you according to your anger and according to your envy, what you showed because of your hatred against them. I will make myself known among them when I judge you. Then you will know that I, Jehovah, have heard all your insults you have spoken against the mountains of Israel. You said: 'They are laid desolate. They are given to us for food.' You have spoken arrogantly against me and have continuously spoken against me. And I have heard it!' The Lord Jehovah says: 'As all the earth rejoices, I will make you desolated.
Egypt will be desolation, and Edom will be a desolate wilderness. This is because of the violence done to the children of Judah, because they have shed innocent blood in their land.
Jehovah said: I will not withdraw punishment from Gaza for they transgressed many times. They captured all the people and delivered them to Edom.
Jehovah continued: For the many transgressions of Tyre I will not withdraw punishment! They captured all the people and delivered them to Edom. They did not remember the brotherly covenant.
Jehovah declared: For three and four transgressions of Edom, I will not withdraw punishment. He pursued his brother with the sword. He showed no compassion but was driven with anger and eternal wrath.
The vision of Obadiah. The Sovereign Lord Jehovah (YHWH) spoke concerning Edom: We have heard news from Jehovah. An ambassador is sent to the nations, saying, we must stand up against her (Edom) in battle.
Your proud heart has deceived you. You reside in the refuge of the rock. Your habitation is high above others and you say in your heart: 'Who will bring me down to the ground?' Even though you place yourself as high as the eagle, and though you nest among the stars, I will bring you down from there, said Jehovah!
I baptize you with water because of your repentance. He that comes after me is mightier than I. He will baptize you with Holy Spirit and fire. I am not even good enough to carry his sandals.
He will reign over the house of Jacob forever. His kingdom will not end.
Peter said: You will never wash my feet. Jesus answered him: If I do not wash you; you have no part with me.
During the night the disciples let him down by the wall in a basket.
As John accomplished his purpose he asked: Who do you think I am? I am not that one. One comes after me whose shoes I am not worthy to untie.
Morish
E'dom
Name given to Esau because he craved the red pottage of Jacob, Edom signifying red, Ge 25:30; 36:1,8,19; but the name is more usually given to his tribe and the territory they possessed. This extended from the land of Moab, southward to the Gulf of Akaba, in length about 100 miles, from about 29 30' to 31 N, and about 35 30' E. It is a remarkably mountainous district with lofty peaks and deep glens, but also with very productive plains. It had been called mount Seir. Ge 36:8. Some of the rocks were so precipitous that Amaziah killed 10,000 of the children of Seir (Edomites) by casting them down from the rocks, whereby they were dashed to pieces. 2Ch 25:11. Bozrah and Sela, or Selah, were its chief cities.
When Israel was approaching the land of Palestine, Moses appealed to Edom to let them pass through their country, but they refused. The Israelites therefore returned south by way of the Red Sea (Gulf of Akaba) in order to compass the land of Edom, and then kept to the east of Edom until they reached the land of Moab. Nu 21:4.
Edom is constantly referred to in the prophets as having had relations with Israel, and is judged because of its perpetual hatred against them. Eze 35:5. God at one time stirred up the king of Edom to punish Israel (1Ki 11:14), and then again strengthened Israel to punish Edom. 2Ch 25:10-11. Some of the prophecies however extend to the future. Edom took pleasure in the punishment of Judah when judgement was falling upon it. Of Jerusalem they said, "Rase it, rase it, even to the foundation thereof," Ps 137:7, evincing, as also do other passages, the hatred and jealousy of the descendants of Esau.
Many prophecies speak of its punishment. When the king of the north in a future day invades Palestine and overthrows countries as far as Egypt, "Edom, and Moab, and the chief of the children of Ammon" will escape, being reserved to be subdued by Israel. Da 11:41; Isa 11:13-14; Ob 1:18-19. It is from 'Edom' that the Lord Jesus is represented as coming 'with dyed garments' because of His having executed judgements. Isa 63:1. Its destruction will be complete. Ob 1:10.
During the captivity the Edomites extended their dominion in the West and possessed Hebron; and some 300 years B.C. the Nabatheans took Petra (which is supposed to be the same as Sela, q.v.), and established themselves in the district. They settled down and engaged in commerce, and formed the kingdom called by Roman writers Arabia Petraea. Under the Maccabees the Edomites in the west were conquered, and Hebron was recovered. After possession by the Romans, under the withering influence of Islamic rule the district came to ruin.
The Greek form of Edom is IDUMEA, which occurs only in Isa 34:5-6; Eze 35:15; 36:5; Mr 3:8.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
He said to Jacob: I am starving! Give me some of that red stuff. (That is why he was named Edom.)
They moved from Mount Hor following the road that goes to the Red Sea. That way they could go around Edom. The people became impatient on the trip
Jehovah sent Hadad the Edomite to make trouble for Solomon. He was of the king's seed in Edom.
Amaziah dismissed the troops that had come to him from Ephraim. They became furious with Judah and returned home. Amaziah courageously led his troops. When he came to the Dead Sea region, he killed ten thousand men from Seir.
Amaziah courageously led his troops. When he came to the Dead Sea region, he killed ten thousand men from Seir.
O Jehovah, remember the people of Edom. Remember what they did the day Jerusalem was captured. They said: Tear it down! Tear it down to its foundation.
Then the jealousy of Ephraim will depart. Those who harass Judah will be destroyed. Ephraim will not be jealous of Judah, and Judah will not harass Ephraim. They will swoop down on the slopes of the Philistines on the west. Together they will plunder the sons of the east. They will possess Edom and Moab, and the sons of Ammon will be subject to them.
My sword is covered with blood in the heavens. It will fall on EDOM and on the people I have claimed for destruction. Jehovah's sword is covered with blood. It is covered with fat, with the blood of lambs and goats, with the fat of rams' kidneys. Jehovah will receive a sacrifice in Bozrah, a huge slaughter in the land of Edom.
Who is this coming from Bozrah in Edom with his clothes stained bright red? Who is this dressed in splendor, going forward with great strength? It is I, Jehovah! I am coming to announce my victory. I am powerful enough to save you!
Because you have had everlasting enmity and have delivered the sons of Israel to the power of the sword (to die by warfare) at the time of their calamity, at the time of the punishment of the end.'
As you rejoiced over the inheritance of the house of Israel because it was desolate, so I will do to you. You will be desolated, O Mount Seir, and all Edom, all of it. Then they will know that I am Jehovah.'
'The Lord Jehovah says: 'Surely in the fire of my jealousy I have spoken against the rest of the nations, and against all Edom, who appropriated my land for themselves as a possession with wholehearted joy and with scorn, to drive it out for a prey.''
He will also invade the glorious land, and many countries will be overthrown. These will be delivered out of his hand: Edom, and Moab, and the chief of the children of Ammon.
You will be covered with shame for the violence done to your brother Jacob. You will be destroyed and disgraced for a very long time.
The house of Jacob will be a fire! The house of Joseph will be a flame! The house of Esau will be for stubble and they will burn among them, and devour them. There will be no survivors of the house of Esau: for Jehovah has spoken! And they of the South will possess the mount of Esau! They of the lowland, the Philistines, will possess the field of Ephraim and the field of Samaria! Benjamin will possess Gilead.
Jerusalem, Idumaea, beyond the Jordan, and from Tyre and Sidon. These people heard the great things he did and came to him.
Watsons
EDOM, a province of Arabia, which derives its name from Edom, or Esau, who there settled in the mountains of Seir, in the land of the Horites, south-east of the Dead Sea. His descendants afterward extended themselves throughout Arabia Petrea, and south of Palestine, between the Dead Sea and the Mediterranean. During the Babylonish captivity, and when Judea was almost deserted, they seized the south of Judah, and advanced to Hebron. Hence that tract of Judea, which they inhabited, retained the name of Idumea in the time of our Saviour, Mr 3:8. Under Moses and Joshua, and even under the kings of Judah, the Idumeans were confined to the east and south of the Dead Sea, in the land of Seir; but afterward they extended their territories more to the south of Judah. The capital of east Edom was Bozrah; and that of south Edom, Petra, or Jectael. The Edomites, or Idumeans, the posterity of Esau, had kings long before the Jews. They were first governed by dukes or princes, and afterward by kings, Ge 36:31. They continued independent till the time of David, who subdued them, in completion of Isaac's prophecy, that Jacob should rule Esau, Ge 27:29-30. The Idumeans bore this subjection with great impatience; and at the end of Solomon's reign, Hadad, the Edomite, who had been carried into Egypt during his childhood, returned into his own country, where he procured himself to be acknowledged king, 1Ki 11:22. It is probable, however, that he reigned only in east Edom; for Edom south of Judea continued subject to the kings of Judah, till the reign of Jehoram, son of Jehoshaphat, against whom it rebelled, 2Ch 21:8. Jehoram attacked Edom, but did not subdue it. Amaziah king of Judah, took Petra, killed a thousand men, and compelled ten thousand more to leap from the rock, upon which stood the city of Petra, 2Ch 25:11-12. But these conquests were not permanent. Uzziah took Elath on the Red Sea, 2Ki 14:22; but Rezin, king of Syria, retook it. Some think that Esar-haddon, king of Syria, ravaged this country, Isa 21:11-17; 34:6. Holofernes subdued it, as well as other nations around Judea, Judith 3:14. When Nebuchadnezzar besieged Jerusalem, the Idumeans joined him, and encouraged him to rase the very foundations of that city. This cruelty did not long continue unpunished. Five years after the taking of Jerusalem, Nebuchadnezzar humbled all the states around Judea, and in particular Idumea. John Hyrcanus entirely conquered the Idumeans, whom he obliged to receive circumcision and the law. They continued subject to the later kings of Judea till the destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans. They even came to assist that city when besieged, and entered it in order to defend it. However, they did not continue there till it was taken, but returned into Idumea loaded with booty. The prophecies respecting Edom are numerous and striking; and the present state of the country as described by modern travellers has given so remarkable an attestation to the accuracy of their fulfilment, that a few extracts from Mr. Keith's work, in which this is pointed out, may be fitly introduced:
See Verses Found in Dictionary
May peoples serve you. And nations bow down to you. Be master of your brothers. And may your mother's sons bow down to you. Cursed be those who curse you. Blessed be those who bless you. No sooner had Isaac finished blessing Jacob, and Jacob left his presence, that Esau his brother came in from his hunting.
Then Isaac said to him: You will live off the land and what it yields.
Now these were the kings who reigned in the land of Edom before any king reigned over the children of Israel:
Now these were the kings who reigned in the land of Edom before any king reigned over the children of Israel:
Please permit us to pass through your land. We, including our cattle, will not leave the road or go into your fields or vineyards. We will not drink from your wells. We will stay on the main (king's) road until we are out of your territory.'
Why? The king asked. Have I failed to give you something? Is that why you want to go back home? Hadad answered: Just let me go. He went back to his country. As king of Edom, Hadad was an evil, bitter enemy of Israel.
Amaziah courageously led his troops. When he came to the Dead Sea region, he killed ten thousand men from Seir. The Judeans captured another ten thousand alive. They took them to the top of a cliff, and threw them off the top of the cliff so that they were dismembered.
Jehovah blessed the latter part of Job's life more than the first. He had fourteen thousand sheep, six thousand camels, a thousand yoke of oxen and a thousand donkeys.
This is the divine REVELATION ABOUT EDOM. He calls to me from Seir: Watchman, what of the night? How much of the night is left? Watchman, what of the night? The watchman replies: Morning is coming, but also the night. If you would ask, then ask; and come back yet again. read more. You caravans of Dedanites, who camp in the thickets of Arabia, bring water for the thirsty. You who live in Tema, bring food for the fugitives. They flee from the sword, from the drawn sword, from the bent bow and from the heat of battle. This is what Jehovah says to me: Within one year, as a servant bound by contract would count it, all the pomp of Kedar will come to an end. The survivors of the bowmen, the warriors of Kedar, will be few. Jehovah, the God of Israel, has spoken!
My sword is covered with blood in the heavens. It will fall on EDOM and on the people I have claimed for destruction. Jehovah's sword is covered with blood. It is covered with fat, with the blood of lambs and goats, with the fat of rams' kidneys. Jehovah will receive a sacrifice in Bozrah, a huge slaughter in the land of Edom.
They will not be extinguished day or night, and smoke will always go up from them. Edom will lie in ruins for generations. No one will ever travel through it.
They will not be extinguished day or night, and smoke will always go up from them. Edom will lie in ruins for generations. No one will ever travel through it. Pelicans and herons will take possession of the land. Porcupines and crows will live there. He will stretch the measuring line of chaos and the plumb line of destruction over it. read more. There are no nobles to rule a kingdom. All of its princes have disappeared. Its palaces are covered with thorns. Its fortresses have nettles and thistles. It will become a home for jackals and a place for ostriches. Hyenas will meet with jackals. Male goats will call to their mates. Screech owls will rest there and find a resting place for themselves. Arrow snakes will make their nests there, lay eggs, and hatch them. They will gather their young under their shadow. Vultures also will gather there, each one with its mate. Search Jehovah's book and read it out loud. Not one of these animals will be missing. Not one will lack a mate, because Jehovah has commanded it, and his Spirit will gather them together. He is the one who casts the lot for them, and his hand divides up the land for them with a measuring line. They will possess it permanently and live there for generations.
I take an oath on myself, says Jehovah, that Bozrah will become a pile of rubble. It will become something horrifying, ridiculed, ruined, and cursed. All its cities will lie in ruins permanently. I heard a message from Jehovah. A messenger was sent among the nations to say: Assemble and attack Edom. Get ready for battle. read more. Edom, I will make you the smallest of nations and despised among humanity. You have frightened other people. Your arrogance has deceived you. You live on rocky cliffs and occupy the highest places in the hills. Even though you build your nest as high as an eagle, I will bring you down from there, proclaims Jehovah. Jehovah said: The destruction that will come on Edom will be so terrible that everyone who passes by will be shocked and terrified. The same thing will happen to Edom that happened to Sodom and Gomorrah, when they and the nearby towns were destroyed. No one will ever live there again. I Jehovah have spoken.
I will make Mount Seir a waste and desolation. I will cut off from it the one who passes through and returns.
And yet I hated Esau and his descendants. I devastated Esau's hill country and abandoned his inheritance to the desert jackals. Esau's descendants, the Edomites, say: Our towns have been destroyed, but we will rebuild them. Thus Jehovah (YHWH) will reply: Let them rebuild. I will tear them down again. People will call them the evil country. They are the nation with whom Jehovah has a long lasting anger.
Jerusalem, Idumaea, beyond the Jordan, and from Tyre and Sidon. These people heard the great things he did and came to him.