Reference: James
American
Surnamed the greater, or the elder, to distinguish him from James the younger, was one of the twelve apostles, brother of John the evangelist, and son of Zebedee and Salome, Mt 4:21; 27:56. Compare Mr 15:40. James was of Bethsaida in Galilee, and left his earthly occupation to follow Christ, Mr 1:29,20. His mother Salome was one of those women who occasionally attended our Savior in his journeys, and one day desired that her two sons might be seated at his right and left hand in the kingdom, Mt 20:20-23.
James and John were originally fishermen, with Zebedee their father, Mr 1:19. They were witnesses of our Lord's transfiguration, Mt 17:1-2; and when certain Samaritans refused to receive him, James and John wished for fire from heaven to consume them, Lu 9:54. For this reason, or because of their zeal and energy as ministers of Christ, the name of Boanerges, or sons of thunder, was afterwards given to them, Mr 3:17. Together with Peter they appear to have enjoyed special honors and privileges among the disciples, Mr 1:29; 5:37; 9:2; 13:3; 14:33; Lu 8:51. After the ascension of our Lord, at which James was present, he appears to have remained at Jerusalem, and was put to death by Herod, about A. D. 44, the first martyr among the apostles, Ac 12:1-2.
Another apostle, son of Alphaeus, or Cleophas, Mt 10:3; Mr 3:18; Lu 6:15. His mother's name was Mary, (3) and his brethren were Joses and Judas, (3) Mt 27:56; Mr 15:40. He is here called THE LESS, or the younger, to distinguish him from James the son of Zebedee.
The Lord's brother, Ga 1:19; either a brother a Christ, being a son of Joseph and Mary; or as many think, a cousin of Christ, and identical with the James above, 2. He resided at Jerusalem, Ac 15:13; and is called "the Just" by Josephus, and said to have been stoned to death, about A. D. 62. The epistle of James is ascribed to him by those who distinguish him from James the Less. The question of his true relationship to Christ is involved in much doubt. The gospels repeatedly mention James, Joses, Juda, and Simon, as "brothers" of our Lord, and speak in the same connection of his "mother" and his "sisters," Mt 12:46; 13:56; Mr 3:31; 6:3; Lu 8:19; moreover, the inspired writers expressly distinguish the brothers of Christ from the apostles both James the Less and Jude, Joh 2:12; 7:3-10; Ac 1:13-14, thus furnishing strong reasons, as many believe, for the opinion that James the Just was literally a brother of our Lord.
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And going forth from thence, He saw two other brothers, James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother, in a ship with Zebedee their father, mending their nets; and He called them.
Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas and Matthew the publican; James the son of Alpheus, and Lebbeus called Thaddeus;
And He yet speaking to the multitudes, behold, His mother and His brothers stood without, seeking to speak to Him.
And are not His sisters all here with us? Whence then are these things to Him?
And after six days Jesus takes Peter, and James, and John his brother, and carries them up into an exceedingly high mountain privately. And was transfigured before them, and His face shone like the sun, and His garments became white as the light.
Then the mother of the sons of Zebedee came to Him with her sons, worshiping and asking something from Him. And He said to her, What do you wish? She says to Him, Tell me that these my two sons may sit, the one on thy right, and one on thy left, in thy kingdom. read more. And Jesus responding said, You know not what you are asking. Are you able to drink the cup which I am about to drink? They say to Him, We are able. And He says to them, You shall indeed drink my cup, but to sit on my right, and on my left, this is not mine to give, but it belongs to those for whom it has been prepared by my Father.
among whom was Mary Magdalene, and Mary, the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of the sons of Zebedee.
among whom was Mary Magdalene, and Mary, the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of the sons of Zebedee.
And going forth thence a little, He saw James, the son of Zebedee, and John his brother, themselves also in a ship mending their nets, and immediately He called them. And having left their father Zebedee in the ship with the hired hands, they departed after Him.
And immediately, having come out from the synagogue, they came into the house of Simon and Andrew, with James and John.
And immediately, having come out from the synagogue, they came into the house of Simon and Andrew, with James and John.
and James the son of Zebedee, and John the brother of James; and on them He placed the names Boanerges, which is, Sons of thunder: and Andrew and Philip, and Bartholomew, and Matthew, and Thomas, and James the son of Alpheus, and Thaddeus, and Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot,
And His mother and His brothers come; and standing without, sent to Him, calling Him.
and He did not permit any one to accompany Him, except Peter, and James, and John the brother of James.
Is not this the carpenter, the son of Mary? the brother of James, and Joses, and Simon, and Judas? Are not His sisters here with us? And they were offended in Him.
After six days Jesus takes Peter, and John, and James, and carries them up into an exceedingly high mountain privately alone; and was transfigured before them:
And He sitting upon the Mount of Olives in front of the temple, Peter and James and John and Andrew asked Him privately,
And He takes Peter, and John, and James with Him, and began to grieve and to be dejected.
And there were women looking on from a distance: among whom was Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James the less and Joses, and Salome;
And there were women looking on from a distance: among whom was Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James the less and Joses, and Salome;
Matthew and Thomas, James the son of Alpheus, and Simon called the Zealot;
And His mother and His brothers came to Him, and were not able to reach Him on account of the crowd.
And having come to the house, He did not suffer any to enter except Peter, John, and James, and the father and mother of the child.
And the disciples James and John, seeing, said, Lord, do you wish that we may command fire to descend from heaven and consume them?
After this He and His mother, and His brothers and His disciples went down into Capernaum, and abode there not many days.
Then His brothers said to Him; Depart hence, and go into Judea; in order that thy disciples shall see thy works which thou art doing. For no one does anything in secret, and Himself seeks to be public. If thou doest these things, show thyself to the world. read more. For His brothers were not believing on Him. Jesus says to them, My time is not yet; but your time is always ready. The world is not able to hate you; but it hates me, because I testify against it, that its works are evil. You go up to the feast: I do not go to this feast; because my time is not yet fulfilled. Saying these things He remained in Galilee. And when His brothers went up to the feast, then Himself also went up, not openly, but in secret.
And when they came in, they went up into the upper room, where Peter and John and James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James the son of Alpheus, and Simon Zelotes, and Judas the brother of James, were abiding. They were all persevering of one accord in prayer along with the women, and Mary, the mother of Jesus, and His brothers.
But at this time king Herod reached forth his hands to persecute some of those from the church. And he slew James the brother of John with a sword.
And after they became silent, James responded, saying, Men, brethren, hear me.
but I saw no other of the apostles, except James the brother of the Lord.
Easton
(1.) The son of Zebedee and Salome; an elder brother of John the apostle. He was one of the twelve. He was by trade a fisherman, in partnership with Peter (Mt 20:20; 27:56). With John and Peter he was present at the transfiguration (Mt 17:1; Mr 9:2), at the raising of Jairus's daughter (Mr 5:37-43), and in the garden with our Lord (Mr 14:33). Because, probably, of their boldness and energy, he and John were called Boanerges, i.e., "sons of thunder." He was the first martyr among the apostles, having been beheaded by King Herod Agrippa (Ac 12:1-2), A.D. 44. (Comp. Mt 4:21; 20:20-23).
(2.) The son of Alphaeus, or Cleopas, "the brother" or near kinsman or cousin of our Lord (Ga 1:18-19), called James "the Less," or "the Little," probably because he was of low stature. He is mentioned along with the other apostles (Mt 10:3; Mr 3:18; Lu 6:15). He had a separate interview with our Lord after his resurrection (1Co 15:7), and is mentioned as one of the apostles of the circumcision (Ac 1:13). He appears to have occupied the position of head of the Church at Jerusalem, where he presided at the council held to consider the case of the Gentiles (Ac 12:17; 15:13-28:31; 21:18-24). This James was the author of the epistle which bears his name.
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And going forth from thence, He saw two other brothers, James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother, in a ship with Zebedee their father, mending their nets; and He called them.
Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas and Matthew the publican; James the son of Alpheus, and Lebbeus called Thaddeus;
And after six days Jesus takes Peter, and James, and John his brother, and carries them up into an exceedingly high mountain privately.
Then the mother of the sons of Zebedee came to Him with her sons, worshiping and asking something from Him.
Then the mother of the sons of Zebedee came to Him with her sons, worshiping and asking something from Him. And He said to her, What do you wish? She says to Him, Tell me that these my two sons may sit, the one on thy right, and one on thy left, in thy kingdom. read more. And Jesus responding said, You know not what you are asking. Are you able to drink the cup which I am about to drink? They say to Him, We are able. And He says to them, You shall indeed drink my cup, but to sit on my right, and on my left, this is not mine to give, but it belongs to those for whom it has been prepared by my Father.
among whom was Mary Magdalene, and Mary, the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of the sons of Zebedee.
and Andrew and Philip, and Bartholomew, and Matthew, and Thomas, and James the son of Alpheus, and Thaddeus, and Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot,
and He did not permit any one to accompany Him, except Peter, and James, and John the brother of James. And He comes into the house of the chief ruler of the synagogue; And He sees a tumult, weeping and wailing much; read more. and having come in, He says to them, Why are you excited and weeping? The child is not dead, but sleepeth. And they hooted at Him. And putting them all out, He takes the father and mother of the child and those with Him, and goes in where the child was. And taking the child by the hand, says to her, Talitha cumi; which is interpreted, Damsel, I say unto thee, Arise. And immediately the damsel stood up, and walked about; for she was twelve years old. And they were immediately delighted with great delight. And He charged them much that no one should know it; and He said that something should be given to her to eat.
After six days Jesus takes Peter, and John, and James, and carries them up into an exceedingly high mountain privately alone; and was transfigured before them:
And He takes Peter, and John, and James with Him, and began to grieve and to be dejected.
Matthew and Thomas, James the son of Alpheus, and Simon called the Zealot;
And when they came in, they went up into the upper room, where Peter and John and James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James the son of Alpheus, and Simon Zelotes, and Judas the brother of James, were abiding.
But at this time king Herod reached forth his hands to persecute some of those from the church. And he slew James the brother of John with a sword.
And he, beckoning to them with his hand to keep silent, related how the Lord led him out from the prison: and said, Proclaim these things to James, and the brethren. And having gone out, he departed into another place.
And after they became silent, James responded, saying, Men, brethren, hear me. Symeon hath related how God in the first place interposed to take a people from the Gentiles, in His name. read more. And to this corresponds the words of the prophet; as has been written, After these things I will return, and will build again the throne of David, which has fallen down; and will build again the ruins of the same, and will set it up again: in order that the residue of men may seek out the Lord, even all the Gentiles, on whom my name has been called upon them, says the Lord, who doeth these things known from the beginning. Therefore I judge, that we should not burden those from the Gentiles turning to God: but to command them to abstain from things offered to idols, and from fornication, and from strangulation, and from blood. For Moses from ancient generations, has those preaching him in every city, being read in the synagogues on every Sabbath. Then it seemed good to the apostles and the elders, along with the whole church, to send men chosen from them into Antioch along with Paul and Barnabas; Judas called Barsabbas, and Silas, leaders among the brethren: having written through their hand; The apostles and elders, brethren to the brethren who are from the Gentiles throughout Antioch and Syria and Cilicia greeting. Since we heard that certain ones having come out from us troubled you, disturbing your souls with words which we did not command: it seemed good to us, being of one accord, having chosen men to send them to you along with our beloved Barnabas and Paul, men who have imperiled their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. Therefore we have sent Judas and Silas, themselves also proclaiming the same things by speech. For it seemed good to the Holy Ghost, and to us, to lay upon you no more burden than these necessary things,
Then he was seen by James; then by all the apostles.
Then after three years I went up to Jerusalem to see Cephas, and remained with him fifteen days; but I saw no other of the apostles, except James the brother of the Lord.
Fausets
Jacob in Greek; the name appearing in our Lord's apostles and contemporaries for the first time since the patriarch. Son of Zebedee, brother of John. Their father's "hired servants" and fishing vessel imply some degree of competence. John probably was the one with Andrew (Joh 1:35-41), who, on John the Baptist's pointing to the Lamb of God, followed Jesus. The words Andrew "first findeth his own brother Simon" imply that John secondly found and called his own brother James to Jesus, or vice versa. Some months later the Lord saw Zebedee, James, and John, in the ship mending their nets. At His call James and John "immediately left the ship and their father and followed Him" (Mt 4:22). Their LEAVING THEIR FATHER "WITH THE HIRED servants" (Mr 1:20, a minute particular, characteristic of Mark' s vivid style and his knowledge through Peter of all which happened) was not an unfilial act, which it would have been if he had no helpers.
The next call was after an unsuccessful night's fishing, when the fishermen had gone out of their ships and had washed (Lu 5:2, Vaticanus and Cambridge manuscripts read eplunon, "were washing"; the Sinaiticus and Paris manuscripts have epifainoo) their nets; Jesus entering one of the ships, Simon's, prayed him to thrust out a little from land, and preached. Then rewarding his loan of the ship, He desired Simon, Launch out into the deep, and do ye let down your nets for a draught. At Christ's word, however unlikely to reason, he let down, and enclosed so many fish that the net broke; and the partners in the other ship came to his help, and they filled both ships so that they began to sink. Astonished at the miracle, yet encouraged by His further promise to Simon, "henceforth thou shalt catch men," the three forsook not merely their "nets" as before, but "all," and followed Him. In fact the successive calls were:
(1) to friendly acquaintance (Joh 1:37);
(2) to intimacy (Mt 4:18);
(3) to permanent discipleship (Lu 5:11);
(4) (toward the close of the first year of our Lord's ministry) to apostleship (Mt 10:1);
(5) to renewed self dedication, even unto death (Joh 21:15-22).
In Matthew and Luke (Lu 6:14), of the four catalogs of apostles, Andrew follows Peter on the ground of brotherhood. (See APOSTLES.) In Mark (Mr 3:16) and Acts (Ac 1:13) James and John precede Andrew on the ground of greater nearness to Jesus. These four head the twelve; and Andrew is at the foot of the four. Peter, James, and John alone witnessed the raising of Jairus' daughter (Mr 5:37); also the transfiguration (Mt 17:1); also the agony (Mt 26:37). The four asked our Lord "privately" when His prediction of the temple's overthrow should be fulfilled, and what should be the sign (Mr 13:3). In Lu 9:28 (the transfiguration) alone John precedes James. By the time that Luke wrote John was recognized as on a level with James, yet not above him, as Luke in Ac 1:13 has the order, "James, John," but in Ac 12:2 Luke calls James brother of John, who by that time had become the more prominent.
James was probably the elder brother, whence John is twice called "brother of James" (Mr 5:37; Mt 17:1). No official superiority was given, for no trace of it occurs in New Testament; it was the tacitly recognized leadership which some took above the others. James and John were called Boanerges to express their natural character and the grace which would purify and ennoble it, making James the first apostle martyr and John the apostle of love. (See BOANERGES.) Their fiery zeal in its untempered state appeared in their desiring to call fire from heaven to consume the Samaritans. These would not receive Jesus when He sent messengers to make ready for Him (i.e. to announce His Messiahship, which He did not conceal in Samaria as in Judaea and Galilee: Joh 4:26; Lu 9:54), because His face was as though He would go to Jerusalem, whereas they expected the Messiah would confirm their anti-Jewish worship in the mount Gerizim temple.
James and John "saw" some actual collision between the Samaritans and the messengers who were sent before and whom our Lord and His apostles followed presently; just as Elijah in the same Samaria had called for fire upon the offenders face to face (2Ki 1:10,12). In Lu 9:55-56, "ye know not what manner of spirit ye are (not the fiery judicial spirit which befitted Elijah's times, but the spirit of love so as to win men to salvation, is the spirit of Me and Mine), for the Son of man is not come to destroy men's lives but to save them," is not in Alex., Vat., and. Sin. manuscripts The same John subsequently (Ac 8:14-17) came down with Peter to confer the Spirit's gifts on Samaritan believers. What miracles in renewing the heart does the gospel work! Salome the mother of Zebedee's children, impressed by Christ's promise that the twelve should sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel, begged, and her two sons joined in the prayer, that they might sit one on His right the other on His left hand in His glory (Mr 10:35-37).
They prefaced it with pleading His own promise, "Master, we would that Thou shouldest do for us whatsoever we shall desire" (Mt 7:7; Lu 11:9; Mr 11:24). Perhaps jealousy of Peter and Andrew, their rivals for the nearest place to Him, actuated them (Mt 20:20-24). He told them that they should drink of His cup (Sin. and Vat. manuscripts omit in Mt 20:22-23 the clause as to the "baptism") of suffering (Ac 12:1-2; James; Re 1:9; John), but to sit on His right and left, said He, "is not Mine to give, except to those for whom it is prepared of My Father" (so the Greek). The ten were indignant at the claim. James was among those who abode in the upper room and persevered in prayer; the apostles, the women, and the Lord's brethren, after the ascension (Ac 1:13). In A. D. 44 Herod Agrippa I, a pliant politician but strict Jew, "very ambitious to oblige the people, exactly careful in the observance of the laws. and not allowing one day to pass without its appointed sacrifice" (Josephus, Ant. 19:7, section 3), in consonance with his well known character, "laid hands (Greek) on certain of the church."
The Passover had brought James and Peter to Jerusalem (Ac 12:1-3). So he took the opportunity just before the Passover to kill the most fiery of the two first, namely, "James the brother of John." "The sword" was the instrument of his execution, Herod preferring the Roman method to the Jewish punishment of seducers to strange worship, namely, stoning. Clement of Alexandria (Hypotyposeis, 7; Eusebius, H. E., 2:6) records a tradition that James's prosecutor was moved by his bold confession to declare himself a Christian on the spot; he begged James's forgiveness, and the apostle kissed him, saying "peace be to thee"; they were both beheaded together. A Roman Catholic legend says that he preached in Spain, and that his remains were transported to Compostella there!
James, surnamed "the Less" or "Little." Son of Mary (Mr 15:40; Mt 27:56; Lu 24:10). Brother of Jude (Jg 1:1; Lu 6:16; Ac 1:13). "The brother of the Lord" (Mt 13:55; Mr 6:3; Ga 1:19). "Son of Alphaeus" (Mt 10:3; Mr 3:18; Lu 6:15; Ac 1:13). Writer of the epistle; president of the church at Jerusalem (Jas 1:1; Ac 12:17; 15:13,19; Ga 2:9,12). Clopas (Alexandrinus and Vaticanus manuscripts, Joh 19:25) or Cleophas (Sinaiticus manuscript) is the Hebrew, Alphaeus the Greek, of the same name: he married Mary, sister of the Virgin Mary, and had by her James, Joses, Jude, and Simon, and three daughters (Mary is sometimes designated "mother of James and Joses," Mt 27:56, as these were the two oldest); he died before our Lord's ministry began, and his widow went to live with her sister the Virgin Mary, a widow also herself (for Joseph's name never occurs after Luke 2), at Nazareth (Mt 13:55), Capernaum (Joh 2:12), and Jerusalem (Ac 1:14).
Living together the cousins were regarded as "brothers" and "sisters" of Jesus. Being His elders, they went on one occasion to "lay hold on Him," saying that He was "beside Himself"; as He was so pressed by multitudes that He and His disciples "could not so much as eat bread," His cousin brethren thought they would restrain what seemed to them mad zeal (Mr 3:20-21,31-33). The stat
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And He walking by the sea of Galilee, saw two brothers, Simon who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother, casting their net into the sea; for they were fishers.
And immediately having left the ship and their father, they followed Him.
Ask, and it shall be given unto you; seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you.
And calling His twelve disciples, He gave them power over unclean spirits, so as to cast them out, and heal every disease, and every malady.
Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas and Matthew the publican; James the son of Alpheus, and Lebbeus called Thaddeus;
Is not He the son of the carpenter? is not His mother called Mary? are not His brothers, James, and Joses, and Simon, and Judas?
Is not He the son of the carpenter? is not His mother called Mary? are not His brothers, James, and Joses, and Simon, and Judas?
Is not He the son of the carpenter? is not His mother called Mary? are not His brothers, James, and Joses, and Simon, and Judas?
And after six days Jesus takes Peter, and James, and John his brother, and carries them up into an exceedingly high mountain privately.
And after six days Jesus takes Peter, and James, and John his brother, and carries them up into an exceedingly high mountain privately.
Then the mother of the sons of Zebedee came to Him with her sons, worshiping and asking something from Him. And He said to her, What do you wish? She says to Him, Tell me that these my two sons may sit, the one on thy right, and one on thy left, in thy kingdom. read more. And Jesus responding said, You know not what you are asking. Are you able to drink the cup which I am about to drink? They say to Him, We are able.
And Jesus responding said, You know not what you are asking. Are you able to drink the cup which I am about to drink? They say to Him, We are able. And He says to them, You shall indeed drink my cup, but to sit on my right, and on my left, this is not mine to give, but it belongs to those for whom it has been prepared by my Father.
And He says to them, You shall indeed drink my cup, but to sit on my right, and on my left, this is not mine to give, but it belongs to those for whom it has been prepared by my Father. And the ten hearing were indignant concerning the two brothers.
So you also, when you may see all these things know that it is at the doors.
And taking Peter and the two sons of Zebedee, He began to grieve and to be dejected.
among whom was Mary Magdalene, and Mary, the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of the sons of Zebedee.
among whom was Mary Magdalene, and Mary, the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of the sons of Zebedee.
and immediately He called them. And having left their father Zebedee in the ship with the hired hands, they departed after Him.
and Andrew and Philip, and Bartholomew, and Matthew, and Thomas, and James the son of Alpheus, and Thaddeus, and Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot,
And He comes into a house; and the multitude come together again so they are not able to eat bread. And those along with Him hearing came out to arrest Him: for they continued to say, He is beside Himself.
And His mother and His brothers come; and standing without, sent to Him, calling Him. And the crowd was sitting round Him; and they say to Him, Behold thy mother and thy brothers without are seeking thee. read more. And He responding to them, says, Who is my mother and my brothers?
and He did not permit any one to accompany Him, except Peter, and James, and John the brother of James.
and He did not permit any one to accompany Him, except Peter, and James, and John the brother of James.
Is not this the carpenter, the son of Mary? the brother of James, and Joses, and Simon, and Judas? Are not His sisters here with us? And they were offended in Him.
Is not this the carpenter, the son of Mary? the brother of James, and Joses, and Simon, and Judas? Are not His sisters here with us? And they were offended in Him.
James and John, the sons of Zebedee, come to Him, saying, Teacher, we wish that you may do unto us whatsoever we may ask. And He said to them, What do you wish for me to do for you? read more. And they said to Him, Grant unto us, that we may sit, one on thy right, and one on thy left, in thy glory.
Therefore I say unto you, All things whatsoever you pray for and ask, believe that you just now received them, and they shall be unto you.
And He sitting upon the Mount of Olives in front of the temple, Peter and James and John and Andrew asked Him privately,
And there were women looking on from a distance: among whom was Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James the less and Joses, and Salome;
and He saw two ships standing by the lake: the fishermen, having gone from them, were washing their nets.
And drawing up their ships to the land, having left all things, they followed Him.
Simon, whom He also named Peter, and Andrew his brother, James and John. Philip and Bartholomew, Matthew and Thomas, James the son of Alpheus, and Simon called the Zealot; read more. and Judas the brother of James, and Judas Iscariot, who also became His betrayer.
And it came to pass after these discourses, about eight days, and taking Peter and John and James, He went up into the mountain to pray.
And the disciples James and John, seeing, said, Lord, do you wish that we may command fire to descend from heaven and consume them? And He turning, rebuked them. read more. And they went into another village.
And I say unto you, Ask, and it shall be given unto you; seek, and you shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you.
And Mary Magdalene, and Joanna, and Mary the mother of James: and the other women with them spoke these things to the apostles.
On the following day John again stood, and two of his disciples, and looking upon Jesus walking about, says, Behold, the Lamb of God. read more. And the two disciples heard him speaking and followed Jesus.
And the two disciples heard him speaking and followed Jesus. Jesus turning and seeing them following, says to them, What are you seeking? and they said to Him, Doctor, (which is said, being interpreted, Teacher), where dwellest thou? read more. He says to them; Come and see. Then they came and saw where He dwelleth, and they abode with Him that day: it was about the tenth hour. Andrew, the brother of Simon Peter, was one of the two hearing from John, and follows Him; he first finds his own brother Simon, and says to him, We have found Messiah, which is being interpreted, Christ.
After this He and His mother, and His brothers and His disciples went down into Capernaum, and abode there not many days.
Jesus says to her, I who speak to thee am He.
Then His brothers said to Him; Depart hence, and go into Judea; in order that thy disciples shall see thy works which thou art doing. For no one does anything in secret, and Himself seeks to be public. If thou doest these things, show thyself to the world. read more. For His brothers were not believing on Him.
And by the cross of Jesus stood His mother, and the sister of His mother, Mary the mother of Cleophas, and Mary Magdalene.
Then when they took breakfast, Jesus says to Simon Peter; Simon, the son of Jonah, dost thou love me with divine love more than these? He says to Him, Yes, Lord; thou knowest that I love thee as a friend. He says to him; Feed my lambs. Again He says to him a second time, Simon, the son of Jonah, do you love me with divine love? He says to Him; Thou knowest that I love thee as a friend. He says to him; Shepherdize my sheeplings. read more. He says to him a third time; Simon, the son of Jonah, do you love me as a friend? Peter was grieved, because He said to him the third time, Do you love me as a friend? And he says to Him, Lord, thou knowest all things; and thou dost understand that I love thee as a friend. He says to Him, Feed my sheeplings. Truly, truly, I say unto you, When you were young, you girded yourself, and walked about where you wished: but when you get old, you will reach forth your hands, and another will lead you, where you do not wish. And He spoke this, signifying by what death he shall glorify God. And having spoken this, He says to him, Follow me. And Peter turning sees the disciple, whom Jesus loved, following; who also leaned upon His breast in the supper, and said; Lord, who is the one having betrayed thee? Then Peter seeing him says to Jesus; Lord, but what shall he do? And Jesus says to him, If I wish him to tarry until I come, what is that to thee?
And when they came in, they went up into the upper room, where Peter and John and James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James the son of Alpheus, and Simon Zelotes, and Judas the brother of James, were abiding.
And when they came in, they went up into the upper room, where Peter and John and James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James the son of Alpheus, and Simon Zelotes, and Judas the brother of James, were abiding.
And when they came in, they went up into the upper room, where Peter and John and James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James the son of Alpheus, and Simon Zelotes, and Judas the brother of James, were abiding.
And when they came in, they went up into the upper room, where Peter and John and James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James the son of Alpheus, and Simon Zelotes, and Judas the brother of James, were abiding.
And when they came in, they went up into the upper room, where Peter and John and James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James the son of Alpheus, and Simon Zelotes, and Judas the brother of James, were abiding. They were all persevering of one accord in prayer along with the women, and Mary, the mother of Jesus, and His brothers.
But the apostles in Jerusalem, having heard that Samaria has received the word of God, sent to them Peter and John: who, having come down, prayed for them, that they might receive the Holy Ghost. read more. For he had not yet fallen on any of them: but they were only baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus. Then they laid their hands on them, and they received the Holy Ghost.
And arriving in Jerusalem, he was endeavoring to join himself to the disciples: and all were afraid of him, not believing that he was a disciple. But Barnabas taking him, led him to the apostles, and related to them how he saw the Lord on the way, and that He spoke to him, and how he preached boldly in Damascus in the name of Jesus.
But Barnabas taking him, led him to the apostles, and related to them how he saw the Lord on the way, and that He spoke to him, and how he preached boldly in Damascus in the name of Jesus. And he was with them going in and coming out in Jerusalem, preaching boldly in the name of the Lord;
But at this time king Herod reached forth his hands to persecute some of those from the church.
But at this time king Herod reached forth his hands to persecute some of those from the church. And he slew James the brother of John with a sword.
And he slew James the brother of John with a sword.
And he slew James the brother of John with a sword. And seeing that it is pleasing to the Jews, he proceeded to arrest Peter also: and those were the days of the unleavened bread:
And he, beckoning to them with his hand to keep silent, related how the Lord led him out from the prison: and said, Proclaim these things to James, and the brethren. And having gone out, he departed into another place.
And he, beckoning to them with his hand to keep silent, related how the Lord led him out from the prison: and said, Proclaim these things to James, and the brethren. And having gone out, he departed into another place.
And he, beckoning to them with his hand to keep silent, related how the Lord led him out from the prison: and said, Proclaim these things to James, and the brethren. And having gone out, he departed into another place.
And after they became silent, James responded, saying, Men, brethren, hear me.
And after they became silent, James responded, saying, Men, brethren, hear me.
Therefore I judge, that we should not burden those from the Gentiles turning to God:
Therefore I judge, that we should not burden those from the Gentiles turning to God:
Have we not a right to lead about a sister as a wife, as the other apostles also, and the brothers of the Lord, and Cephas?
Then he was seen by James; then by all the apostles.
Then after three years I went up to Jerusalem to see Cephas, and remained with him fifteen days; but I saw no other of the apostles, except James the brother of the Lord.
but I saw no other of the apostles, except James the brother of the Lord.
but I saw no other of the apostles, except James the brother of the Lord.
and having known the grace of God which was given unto me, James and Cephas and John, who seem to be pillars, gave to me and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship, that we should go to the Gentiles, and they to the circumcision;
and having known the grace of God which was given unto me, James and Cephas and John, who seem to be pillars, gave to me and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship, that we should go to the Gentiles, and they to the circumcision;
and having known the grace of God which was given unto me, James and Cephas and John, who seem to be pillars, gave to me and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship, that we should go to the Gentiles, and they to the circumcision; only that we should remember the poor; which very thing I was also zealous to do. read more. And when Cephas came into Antioch, I withstood him to the face, because he was to blame.
And when Cephas came into Antioch, I withstood him to the face, because he was to blame. For before certain ones came from James, he was eating along with the Gentiles: but when they came, he withdrew and separated himself, fearing those who were of the circumcision.
For before certain ones came from James, he was eating along with the Gentiles: but when they came, he withdrew and separated himself, fearing those who were of the circumcision.
For before certain ones came from James, he was eating along with the Gentiles: but when they came, he withdrew and separated himself, fearing those who were of the circumcision.
For every high priest, being received from men, presides over men in the things appertaining to God, in order that he may offer gifts and sacrifices for sins:
Remember your leaders, who spoke to you the word of God: the outgoing of whose deportment seeing, imitate their faith.
James, the servant of God and the Lord Jesus Christ, to the twelve tribes who are in the Dispersion, greeting.
Come now, ye rich, weep mourning over your calamities which are coming on you.
you also suffer long; establish your hearts; because the coming of the Lord is nigh. Do not complain against one another, brethren, in order that you may not be judged: behold, the judge stands before the doors.
I John, your brother, and companion in tribulation, and in the kingdom and in patience in Jesus, was in the island which is called Patmos, on account of the word of God, and on account of the testimony of Jesus.
Hastings
JAMES
1. James, the son of Zehedee, one of the Twelve, the elder brother of John. Their father was a Galil
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Then the devil takes Him into the holy city and stood Him on the pinnacle of the temple,
And going forth from thence, He saw two other brothers, James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother, in a ship with Zebedee their father, mending their nets; and He called them. And immediately having left the ship and their father, they followed Him.
And these are the names of the apostles: first, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother;
among whom was Mary Magdalene, and Mary, the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of the sons of Zebedee.
And going forth thence a little, He saw James, the son of Zebedee, and John his brother, themselves also in a ship mending their nets, and immediately He called them. And having left their father Zebedee in the ship with the hired hands, they departed after Him.
and immediately He called them. And having left their father Zebedee in the ship with the hired hands, they departed after Him.
And passing along, he saw Levi, the son of Alpheus sitting at the toll, and says to him, Follow me. And rising up, he followed Him.
and James the son of Zebedee, and John the brother of James; and on them He placed the names Boanerges, which is, Sons of thunder:
And He calls the twelve to Him, and began to send them out two by two; and He gave them authority over unclean spirits.
And there were women looking on from a distance: among whom was Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James the less and Joses, and Salome;
And there were women looking on from a distance: among whom was Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James the less and Joses, and Salome;
And the Sabbath passing away, Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James, and Salome, prepared aromatics, in order that having come they may anoint Him.
And he led Him into Jerusalem, and placed Him on a pinnacle of the temple, and said to Him, If thou art the Son of God cast thyself down from thence;
And likewise James and John, the sons of Zebedee, who were companions to Simon. And Jesus said to Simon, Fear not; from now you shall be catching men.
Simon, whom He also named Peter, and Andrew his brother, James and John. Philip and Bartholomew,
and Judas the brother of James, and Judas Iscariot, who also became His betrayer.
And by the cross of Jesus stood His mother, and the sister of His mother, Mary the mother of Cleophas, and Mary Magdalene.
And by the cross of Jesus stood His mother, and the sister of His mother, Mary the mother of Cleophas, and Mary Magdalene.
And by the cross of Jesus stood His mother, and the sister of His mother, Mary the mother of Cleophas, and Mary Magdalene.
And he slew James the brother of John with a sword.
And arriving into Jerusalem, they were received by the church, and the apostles, and the elders, and they proclaimed so many things as God did with them. And certain one of those from the sect of the Pharisees having believed arose up, saying that, It is necessary to circumcise them, and to command them to keep the law of Moses. read more. And the apostles and elders were convened to see about this problem. And there being much disputation, Peter, having arisen, said to them, Men, brethren, you know that from ancient days God chose among you, that the Gentiles should hear the word of the gospel through my mouth, and believe. And God, who knows the heart, witnessed to them, giving to them the Holy Ghost, as also to us; and made no difference between us and them, purifying their hearts by faith. Now therefore why tempt ye God, to put a yoke on the neck of the disciples, which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear? But through the grace of our Lord Jesus, we believe that we are saved, in the same manner in which they are also. And the whole multitude became silent, and continued to hear Barnabas and Paul, relating how many miracles and wonders God wrought among the Gentiles through them. And after they became silent, James responded, saying, Men, brethren, hear me. Symeon hath related how God in the first place interposed to take a people from the Gentiles, in His name. And to this corresponds the words of the prophet; as has been written, After these things I will return, and will build again the throne of David, which has fallen down; and will build again the ruins of the same, and will set it up again: in order that the residue of men may seek out the Lord, even all the Gentiles, on whom my name has been called upon them, says the Lord, who doeth these things known from the beginning. Therefore I judge, that we should not burden those from the Gentiles turning to God: but to command them to abstain from things offered to idols, and from fornication, and from strangulation, and from blood. For Moses from ancient generations, has those preaching him in every city, being read in the synagogues on every Sabbath. Then it seemed good to the apostles and the elders, along with the whole church, to send men chosen from them into Antioch along with Paul and Barnabas; Judas called Barsabbas, and Silas, leaders among the brethren: having written through their hand; The apostles and elders, brethren to the brethren who are from the Gentiles throughout Antioch and Syria and Cilicia greeting. Since we heard that certain ones having come out from us troubled you, disturbing your souls with words which we did not command: it seemed good to us, being of one accord, having chosen men to send them to you along with our beloved Barnabas and Paul, men who have imperiled their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. Therefore we have sent Judas and Silas, themselves also proclaiming the same things by speech. For it seemed good to the Holy Ghost, and to us, to lay upon you no more burden than these necessary things, to abstain from things offered to idols, and from blood, and from things strangled, and from fornication: from which keeping yourselves, you will do well. Fare ye well. Then indeed they, having been sent away, came down into Antioch, and convening the multitude, they delivered the letter. And having read it, they rejoiced over the consolation. Both Judas and Silas, themselves also being prophets, exhorted the brethren with elaborate speech, and strengthened them; and having spent the time, they were discharged by the brethren with peace back to the apostles who sent them. OMITTED TEXT
Then he was seen by James; then by all the apostles.
Then after three years I went up to Jerusalem to see Cephas, and remained with him fifteen days; but I saw no other of the apostles, except James the brother of the Lord.
Then after fourteen years, I again went up to Jerusalem with Barnabas, taking also Titus with me; but I went up according to revelation; and I presented to them the gospel which I am preaching among the Gentiles, but privately to the prominent ones, lest perhaps I am running, or did run, in vain. read more. But neither was Titus the one with me, being a Greek, compelled to be circumcised: but on account of the false brethren having crept in, who came in to spy out our liberty which we have in Christ Jesus, in order that they shall bring us into bondage: to whom I rendered not submission for an hour; in order that the truth of the gospel may abide with you. But of those seeming to be something what they were at that time makes no difference to me: God does not receive the face of man: for those seeming to me to be prominent added nothing extra: but on the contrary, seeing that I am intrusted with the gospel of the uncircumcision, like Peter of the circumcision, for the one having wrought with Peter unto the apostleship of the circumcision also wrought with me unto the Gentiles: and having known the grace of God which was given unto me, James and Cephas and John, who seem to be pillars, gave to me and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship, that we should go to the Gentiles, and they to the circumcision; only that we should remember the poor; which very thing I was also zealous to do.
James, the servant of God and the Lord Jesus Christ, to the twelve tribes who are in the Dispersion, greeting.
Jude, the servant of Jesus Christ, and brother of James, to the called beloved in God the Father, and kept in Jesus Christ.
Smith
(the Greek form of Jacob, supplanter).
1. James the son of Zebedee, one of the twelve apostles. He was elder brother of the evangelist John. His mother's name was Salome. We first hear of him in A.D. 27,
when at the call of the Master he left all, and became, one and forever, his disciple, in the spring of 28.
Mt 10:2; Mr 3:14; Lu 6:13; Ac 1:13
It would seem to have been at the time of the appointment of the twelve apostles that the name of Boanerges was given to the sons of Zebedee. The "sons of thunder" had a burning and impetuous spirit, which twice exhibits itself.
Mr 10:37; Lu 9:54
On the night before the crucifixion James was present at the agony in the garden. On the day of the ascension he is mentioned as persevering with the rest of the apostles and disciples, in prayer.
Shortly before the day of the Passover, in the year 44, he was put to death by Herod Agrippa I.
2. James the son of Alpheus, one of the twelve apostles.
Whether or not this James is to be identified with James the Less, the son of Alphaeus, the brother of our Lord, is one of the most difficult questions in the gospel history. By comparing
and Mark 15:40 with John 19:25 we find that the Virgin Mary had a sister named, like herself, Mary, who was the wife of Clopas or Alpheus (varieties of the same name), and who had two sons, James the Less and Joses. By referring to
and Mark 6:3 we find that a James the Less and Joses, with two other brethren called Jude and Simon, and at least three sisters, were sisters with the Virgin Mary at Nazareth by referring to
Lu 6:16
and Acts 1:13 we find that there were two brethren named James and Jude among the apostles. It would certainly be natural to think that we had here but one family of four brothers and three or more sisters, the children of Clopas and Mary, nephews and nieces of the Virgin Mary. There are difficulties however, in the way of this conclusion into which we cannot here enter; but in reply to the objection that the four brethren in
are described as the brothers of Jesus, not as his cousins, it must be recollected that adelphoi, which is here translated "brethren," may also signify cousins.
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And these are the names of the apostles: first, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother; Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas and Matthew the publican; James the son of Alpheus, and Lebbeus called Thaddeus;
Is not He the son of the carpenter? is not His mother called Mary? are not His brothers, James, and Joses, and Simon, and Judas?
and immediately He called them. And having left their father Zebedee in the ship with the hired hands, they departed after Him.
And He made twelve (apostles) that they may be with Him and that He may send them out to preach,
And they said to Him, Grant unto us, that we may sit, one on thy right, and one on thy left, in thy glory.
And when it was day, He called His disciples to Him: and having chosen twelve from them, whom He also named apostles;
And the disciples James and John, seeing, said, Lord, do you wish that we may command fire to descend from heaven and consume them?
And when they came in, they went up into the upper room, where Peter and John and James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James the son of Alpheus, and Simon Zelotes, and Judas the brother of James, were abiding.
And when they came in, they went up into the upper room, where Peter and John and James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James the son of Alpheus, and Simon Zelotes, and Judas the brother of James, were abiding.
But at this time king Herod reached forth his hands to persecute some of those from the church. And he slew James the brother of John with a sword. read more. And seeing that it is pleasing to the Jews, he proceeded to arrest Peter also: and those were the days of the unleavened bread: whom having seized, he also put in prison, having committed him to four quaternions of soldiers to guard him; wishing to bring him out to the people after the passover. Then indeed Peter was kept in prison: but prayer to God in his behalf was incessantly made by the church. But when Herod was about to lead him forth, and Peter was sleeping that night between two soldiers, and bound with two chains; and the guards were keeping guard before the door. And, behold, the angel of the Lord stood over him, and a light shone in the house; and having touched the side of Peter, he raised him up, saying; Rise up quickly. And his chains fell off from his hands. And the angel said to him, Gird thyself, and put on thy sandals. And he thus did. And he says to him, Throw thy cloak about thee, and follow me. And having come out, he was following; and did not know that it is true which was done by the angel; but he was thinking that he saw a vision. And having come through the first guard and the second, they came to the iron gate leading into the city; which opened to them of its own accord: and having come out, they came on to the first street; and the angel immediately departed from him. And Peter coming to himself, said, Now I know truly, that the Lord sent his angel, and delivered me out of the hand of Herod, out of all the expectation of the people of the Jews. And recognizing his whereabouts, he came to the house of Mary, the mother of John, called Mark; where many were assembled and praying. And he knocking at the door of the gate, a damsel, by name Rhoda, came to hearken: and recognizing the voice of Peter, from joy did not open the gate, but running in, she proclaimed that Peter stands before the gate. And they said to her, You are gone mad; but she persisted that it was so. And they said, It is his angel. But Peter remained knocking: and having opened, they saw him, and were astonished. And he, beckoning to them with his hand to keep silent, related how the Lord led him out from the prison: and said, Proclaim these things to James, and the brethren. And having gone out, he departed into another place. And it being day, there was no small commotion among the soldiers, as to where Peter then was. And Herod having sought him, and found him not, condemning the guards, commanded that they should be put to death; and having gone down from Judea to Caesarea, he tarried. And he was very angry with the Tyrians and Sidonians: and they unanimously came to him, and having persuaded Blastus who was over the chamber of the king, they continued to seek peace; because their country is supported by the kings. But on an appointed day, Herod, invested with his royal apparel, sitting on his tribunal, delivered a discourse to them: and the people shouted, It is the voice of God and not of man.
Watsons
JAMES, '???????, of the same import as Jacob. James, surnamed the greater, or the elder, to distinguish him from James the younger, was brother to John the evangelist, and son to Zebedee and Salome, Mt 4:21. He was of Bethsaida, in Galilee, and left all to follow Christ. Salome requested our Saviour, that her two sons, James and John, might sit at his right hand, when he should be in possession of his kingdom. Our Saviour answered, that it belonged to his heavenly Father alone to dispose of these places of honour, Mt 20:21. Before their vocation, James and John followed the trade of fishermen with their father Zebedee; and they did not quit their profession till our Saviour called them, Mr 1:18-19. They were witnesses of our Lord's transfiguration, Mt 17:2. When certain Samaritans refused to admit Jesus Christ, James and John wished for fire from heaven to consume them, Lu 9:54; and for this reason, it is thought, the name of Boanerges, or sons of thunder, was given them. Some days after the resurrection of our Saviour, James and John went to fish in the sea of Tiberias, where they saw Jesus. They were present at the ascension of our Lord. St. James is said to have preached to all the dispersed tribes of Israel; but for this there is only report. His martyrdom is related, Ac 12:1-2, about A.D. 42, or 44, for the date is not well ascertained. Herod Agrippa, king of the Jews, and grandson of Herod the Great, caused him to be seized and executed at Jerusalem. Clemens Alexandrinus informs us, that he who brought St. James before the judges was so much affected with his constancy in confessing Jesus Christ, that he also declared himself a Christian, and was condemned, as well as the Apostle, to be beheaded.
JAMES THE LESS, surnamed the brother of our Lord, Ga 1:19, was the son of Cleopas, otherwise called Alpheus, and Mary, sister to the blessed virgin; consequently, he was cousin-german to Jesus Christ. He was surnamed the Just, on account of the admirable holiness and purity of his life. He is said to have been a priest, and to have observed the laws of the Nazarites from his birth. Our Saviour appeared to James the less, eight days after his resurrection, 1Co 15:7. He was at Jerusalem, and was considered as a pillar of the church, when St. Paul first came thither after his conversion, Ga 1:19, A.D. 37. In the council of Jerusalem, held in the year 61, St. James gave his vote last; and the result of the council was principally formed from what St. James said, who, though he observed the ceremonies of the law, and was careful that others should observe them, was of opinion, that such a yoke was not to be imposed on the faithful converted from among the Heathens, Ac 15:13, &c.
James the less was a person of great prudence and discretion, and was highly esteemed by the Apostles and other Christians. Such, indeed, was his general reputation for piety and virtue, that, as we learn from Origen, Eusebius, and Jerom, Josephus thought, and declared it to be the common opinion, that the sufferings of the Jews, and the destruction of their city and temple, were owing to the anger of God, excited by the murder of James. This must be considered as a strong and remarkable testimony to the character of this Apostle, as it is given by a person who did not believe that Jesus was the Christ. The passages of Josephus, referred to by those fathers upon this subject, are not found in his works now extant.
JAMES, GENERAL EPISTLE OF. Clement of Rome and Hermas allude to this epistle; and it is quoted by Origen, Eusebius, Athanasius, Jerom, Chrysostom, Augustine, and many other fathers. But though the antiquity of this epistle had been always undisputed, some few formerly doubted its right to be admitted into the canon. Eusebius says, that in his time it was generally, though not universally, received as canonical; and publicly read in most, but not in all, churches; and Estius affirms, that after the fourth century, no church or ecclesiastical writer is found who ever doubted its authenticity; but that, on the contrary, it is included in all subsequent catalogues of canonical Scripture, whether published by councils, churches, or individuals. It has, indeed, been the uniform tradition of the church, that this epistle was written by James the Just; but it was not universally admitted till after the fourth century, that James the Just was the same person as James the less, one of the twelve Apostles; that point being ascertained, the canonical authority of this epistle was no longer doubted. It is evident that this epistle could not have been written by James the elder, for he was beheaded by Herod Agrippa in the year 44, and the errors and vices reproved in this epistle show it to be of a much later date; and the destruction of Jerusalem is also here spoken of as being very near at hand, Jas 5:8-9. It has always been considered as a circumstance very much in favour of this epistle, that it was found in the Syriac version, which was made as early as the end of the first century, and for the particular use of converted Jews,
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And going forth from thence, He saw two other brothers, James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother, in a ship with Zebedee their father, mending their nets; and He called them.
And was transfigured before them, and His face shone like the sun, and His garments became white as the light.
And He said to her, What do you wish? She says to Him, Tell me that these my two sons may sit, the one on thy right, and one on thy left, in thy kingdom.
And immediately, having left their nets, they followed Him. And going forth thence a little, He saw James, the son of Zebedee, and John his brother, themselves also in a ship mending their nets,
And the disciples James and John, seeing, said, Lord, do you wish that we may command fire to descend from heaven and consume them?
But at this time king Herod reached forth his hands to persecute some of those from the church. And he slew James the brother of John with a sword.
And after they became silent, James responded, saying, Men, brethren, hear me.
Then he was seen by James; then by all the apostles.
but I saw no other of the apostles, except James the brother of the Lord.
but I saw no other of the apostles, except James the brother of the Lord.
you also suffer long; establish your hearts; because the coming of the Lord is nigh. Do not complain against one another, brethren, in order that you may not be judged: behold, the judge stands before the doors.