Reference: Jonah
American
One of the minor prophets, was a native of Gath-hepher, in Zebulun, 2Ki 14:25. Being ordered of God to prophesy against Ninevah, probably in or before the reign of Jeroboam 2, which begun 825 B. C., he endeavored to avoid the command by embarking at Joppa for Tarshish, in order to fly as far as possible in the opposite direction. But being overtaken by a storm, he was thrown overboard at his own request, and miraculously preserved by being swallowed by a large fish. See WHALE. Several Greek and Roman legends seem to have been borrowed from this source. After three days, typical of our Savior's stay in the tomb, the fish cast Jonah out upon the shore; the word of the Lord a second time directed him to go to Nineveh, and he obeyed. The allusions of the narrative to the vast extent and population of this city, are confirmed by other ancient accounts and by modern investigations. See NINEVEH. At the warning word of the prophet, the Ninevites repented, and the destruction threatened was postponed; but the feelings of Jonah at seeing his predictions unfulfilled and the enemies of God's people spared, rendered necessary a further exercise of the forbearance of God. See GOURD.
The literal truth of the narrative is established by our Savior's repeated quotations, Mt 12:39-41; 16:4; Lu 11:29-32. It is highly instructive, as showing that the providential government of God extends to all heathen nations, and that his grace has never been confined to his covenant people.
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He turned back the bound of Is reel from the entrance of Hamath, even to the sea of the sterile region, according to the word of Jehovah the God of Israel which he spake by the hand of his servant Jonah, the son of Amittai the prophet, which was of the winepress of the pit.
And he having answered, said to them, An evil generation and an adulteress seeks a sign; and no sign shall be given it, but the sign of Jonas the prophet. For as Jonas was in the whale's belly three days and three nights; so shall the Son of man be in the heart of the earth three days and three nights. read more. The Ninevite men shall rise up in judgment with this generation, and condemn it: for they repented at the proclamation of Jonas; and, behold, a greater than Jonas here.
An evil and adulterous generation seeks for a sign; and no sign shall be given her, except the sign of Jonas the prophet. And having left them, he departed.
And crowds being collected, he began to say, This is an evil generation: it seeks a sign; and no sign shall be given it, but the sign of Jonas the prophet. For as Jonas was a sign to the Ninevites, so shall be the Son of man to this generation. read more. The queen of the south shall be raised up in the judgment with the men of this generation, and shall condemn them: for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and, behold, more than Solomon here. The Ninevite men shall rise up in the judgment with this generation, and condemn it: for they repented at the proclamation of Jonas; and, behold, more than Jonas here.
Easton
a dove, the son of Amittai of Gath-hepher. He was a prophet of Israel, and predicted the restoration of the ancient boundaries (2Ki 14:25-27) of the kingdom. He exercised his ministry very early in the reign of Jeroboam II., and thus was contemporary with Hosea and Amos; or possibly he preceded them, and consequently may have been the very oldest of all the prophets whose writings we possess. His personal history is mainly to be gathered from the book which bears his name. It is chiefly interesting from the two-fold character in which he appears, (1) as a missionary to heathen Nineveh, and (2) as a type of the "Son of man."
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He turned back the bound of Is reel from the entrance of Hamath, even to the sea of the sterile region, according to the word of Jehovah the God of Israel which he spake by the hand of his servant Jonah, the son of Amittai the prophet, which was of the winepress of the pit. For Jehovah saw the affliction of Israel exceedingly bitter, and none shut up, and none left, and no helper to Israel. read more. And Jehovah spake not to wipe away the name of Israel from under the heavens: and he will save them by the hand of Jeroboam son of Joash.
Fausets
("dove".) (Ge 8:8-9, seeking rest in vain, fleeing from Noah and the ark; so Jonah). Parentage, date. Son of Amittai of Gath Hepher in Zebulun (2Ki 14:25-27, compare 2Ki 13:4-7). Jeroboam II "restored the coast from the entering of Hamath unto the sea of the plain, according to the word of the Lord God of Israel which He spoke by the hand of His servant Jonah" etc. (See HAMATH.) "For the Lord saw the affliction of Israel, that it was very bitter; for there was not any shut up, nor any left, nor any (i.e., none married or single, else confined or at large, as a) helper for Israel." Israel was at its lowest extremity, i.e early in Joash's reign, when Jehovah (probably by Jonah) promised deliverance from Syria, which was actually given first under Joash, in answer to Jehoahaz' prayer, then completely under Jeroboam II. (See JEHOAHAZ.) Thus, Jonah was among the earliest of the prophets who wrote, and close upon Elisha who died in Joash's reign, having just before death foretold Syria's defeat thrice (2Ki 13:14-21).
Hosea and Amos prophesied in the latter part of the 41 years' reign of Jeroboam II. The events recorded in the book of Jonah were probably late in his life. The book begins with "And," implying that it continues his prophetic work begun before; it was written probably about Hosea's and Amos' time. Hosea (Ho 6:2) saw the prophetical meaning of Jonah's entombment: "after two days will He revive us, in the third day He will raise us up;" primarily Israel, in a short period (Lu 13:32-33) to be revived from its national deadness, antitypically Messiah, raised on the third day (Joh 2:19; 1Co 15:4); as Israel's political resurrection typifies the general resurrection, of which Christ's resurrection is the firstfruits (Isa 26:19; Eze 37:1-14; 1Co 15:22-23; Da 12:2). The mention of Nineveh's being "an exceeding great city" implies it was written before the Assyrian inroads had made them know too well its greatness.
PERSONAL REALITY. The pagan fable of Hercules springing into a sea monster's jaws and being three days in its belly, when saving Hesione (Diodor. Sic. 4:42), is rather a corruption of the story of Jonah than vice versa, if there be any connection. Jerome says, near Joppa lay rocks represented as those to which Andromeda was bound when exposed to the sea monster. The Phoenicians probably carried the story of Jonah to Greece. Our Lord's testimony proves the personal existence, miraculous fate, and prophetical office of Jonah. "The sign of the prophet Jonah, for as Jonah was three days and three nights in the whale's belly, so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights (both eases count the day from, and that to, which the reckoning is) in the heart of the earth" (Mt 12:39-41).
Jonah's being in the fish's belly Christ makes a "sign," i.e. a real miracle typifying the like event in His own history, and assumes the prophet's execution of his commission to Nineveh; "the men of Nineveh repented at the preaching of Jonah, and behold a greater than Jonah is here." The miracle is justified by the crisis then in the development of the kingdom of God, when Israel by impenitence was about to fall before Assyria, and God's principle of righteous government needed to be exhibited in sparing Nineveh through the preaching of Jonah, spared himself after living entombment. The great Antitype too needed such a vivid type.
CANONICITY, DESIGN. It seemed strange to Kimchi that this book is in the canon, as its only prophecy concerns Nineveh, a pagan city, and does not mention Israel, of whom all the other prophets prophesy. The strangeness is an argument for the inspiration of the sacred canon; but the solution is, Israel is tacitly reproved. A pagan city repents at a strange prophet's first preaching, whereas Israel, God's elect, repented not, though admonished by their own prophets at all seasons. An anticipatory dawn of the "light to lighten the Gentiles," Jonah was a parable in himself: a prophet of God, yet a runaway from God; drowned, yet alive; a preacher of repentance, yet one that repines at repentance resulting from his preaching. God's pity and patience form a wonderful contrast to man's self will and hard hearted pettiness. His name, meaning "dove," symbolizes mourning love, his feeling toward his people, either given prophetically or assumed by him as a watchword of his feeling. His truthfullness (son of Amirtai, i.e. truth) appears in his so faithfully recording his own perversity and punishment.
His patriotic zeal against his people's adversaries, like that of James and John, was in a wrong spirit (Lu 9:51-56). He felt repugnance to deliver the Lord's warning to Nineveh ("cry against it," Jon 1:2), whose destruction he desired, not their repentance. Jonah was sent when he had been long a prophet, and had been privileged to announce from God the restoration of Israel's coasts. God's goodness had not led them to repent (2Ki 13:6; 14:24). Amos (Am 5:27) had foretold that Israel for apostasy should be carried "captive beyond Damascus," i.e. beyond that enemy from which Jeroboam II had just delivered them, according to the prophecy of Jonah, and that they should be "afflicted from the entering in of Hamath unto the river of the wilderness" (the southern bound of Moab, then forming Israel's boundary), i.e. the very bounds restored by Jeroboam II, for "the river of the arabah" or "wilderness" flowed into the S. end of "the sea of the plain" or Dead Sea (2Ki 14:25; Am 6:14).
Hosea too (Ho 9:3) had foretold their eating unclean things in Assyria. Instinctively Jonah shrank from delivering a message which might eventuate in Nineveh being spared, the city by which Israel was to suffer. Pul or Ivalush III (Rawlinson, Herodotus) was then king. (See ASSYRIA), and by Pal the first weakening of Israel afterward took place. "Jonah sought the honour of the son (Israel), and sought not the honour of the Father" (God) (Kimchi, from rabbinical tradition). Jonah is the only case of a prophet hiding his prophetical message; the reluctance at first was common to many of them (Isa 6:5; Jer 1:6,17; Ex 4:10). His desire was that Nineveh's sudden overthrow, like Sodom's, might produce the effect which his words failed to produce, to rouse Israel from impenitence.
HISTORY. Jonah embarked at Joppa for the far off Tartessus of Spain or Tarshish in Cilicia; compare as to the folly of the attempt Ps 139:7-10; Ge 3:8-10; Jer 23:24. However, "from the presence of the Lord" (Jon 1:3) means not from His universal presence, which Jonah ought to have known is impossible, but from ministering in His immediate presence in the Holy Land. The storm, the strange sleep (of self hardening, weariness, and God forgetfulness; contrast Mr 4:37-39, spiritually with Eph 5:14), the lot casting, and detection of Jonah and casting into and consequent calming of the sea, followed.
TYPICAL SIGNIFICANCE. Jonah reflected' Israel's backsliding and consequent punishment; type of Messiah who bears our imputed guilt and its punishment; compare Ps 42:7; 69:1-2; Joh 11:50. God spares the prayerful penitent: (1) the pagan sailors, (2) Jonah, (3) Nineveh. He sank to the "bottom" of the sea first, and felt "the seaweed wrapped about his head" (Jon 2:5-6), then the God-prepared great fish (the dog fish, Bochart; in any view a miracle is needed, the rest is conjecture). The prophet's experiences adapted him, by sympathy, for fulfilling his office to his hearers. God's infinite resources in mercy, as well as judgment, appear in Jonah's devourer becoming his preserver. Jonah was a type to Nineveh and Israel of death following sin, and of resurrection on repentance; preeminently of Christ's death for sin and resurrection by the Spirit of God (Mt 12:40). Jonah in his thanksgiving notices that his chief punishment consisted in the very thing which his flight had aimed at, being "cast out of God's sight" (Jon 1:3; 2:4,8; Jer 2:13; 17:13).
Hezekiah's hymn is based on it (Isa 38:17; Jon 2:6). Jehovah's next message (more definite and awful than the former) was faithfully delivered by Jonah: "yet 40 days and Nineveh shall be destroyed." Jonah, himself a living exemplification of judgment and mercy, was "a sign (an embodied
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And they shall hear the voice of Jehovah God walking in the garden at the breeze of the day: and Adam and his wife will hide from the face of Jehovah God in the midst of the wood of the garden. And Jehovah God will call to the man, and will say to him, Where art thou? read more. And he will will say, I heard thy voice in the garden, and I shall be afraid, because I am naked, and I will hide myself.
And Jehovah will say to Cain, Why art thou angry, and why does thy countenance fall?
And he shall send forth the dove from with him to see if the waters were diminished from the face of the earth. And the dove found not rest to the hollow of her foot, and she will turn back to him to the ark, for the waters are over the face of all the earth; and he will send forth his hand and will take her and will cause her to come to him to the ark.
And Moses will say to Jehovah, With leave my Lord, not a man of words, also from yesterday, also from the third day, also from the time of thy speaking to thy servant; for I being heavy of mouth, and heavy of tongue.
And your little ones which ye said shall be for a spoil, and your sons which knew not that day good and evil, they shall go in there, and to them will I give it, and they shall possess it
And he went into the desert the way of a day, and he will come and sit under one broom-tree: and he will ask for his soul to die: and he will say, Much now, O Jehovah, Take my soul, for I am not good above my fathers.
And Jehoahaz will supplicate the face of Jehovah, and Jehovah will hear to him, for he saw the oppression of Israel, for the king of Aram oppressed them. (And Jehovah will give to Israel a saviour, and they will go forth from under the hand of Aram: and the sons of Israel will dwell in their tents as yesterday the third day. read more. But they turned not away from the sins of the house of Jeroboam who caused Israel to sin; he went in it: and also a statue stood in Shomeron.)
But they turned not away from the sins of the house of Jeroboam who caused Israel to sin; he went in it: and also a statue stood in Shomeron.) For he left not to Jehoahaz of the people but fifty horsemen and ten chariots and ten thousand footmen; for the king of Aram destroyed them, and he will set them as dust to trample upon.
And Elisha was sick with his sickness which he will die in it. And Joash king of Israel will come down to him and weep over his face, and say, My father! my father the chariot of Israel and its horsemen And Elisha will say to him, Take a bow and arrows. And he will take to him a bow and arrows. read more. And he will say to the king of Israel, Cause thine hand to ride upon the bow. And he will cause his hand to ride: and Elisha will put his hands upon the king's hands. And he will say, Open the window eastward. And he will open. And Elisha will say, Shoot. And he will shoot And he will say, The arrow of salvation to Jehovah; and the arrow of salvation against Aram; and strike thou Aram in Aphek, till finishing. And he will say, Take the arrows. And he will take. And he will say to the king of Israel, Strike the earth. And he will strike three times, and stand. And the man of God will be angry against him, and he will say, To strike five or six times, then thou hadst struck Aram till the finishing: and now three times thou wilt strike Aram. And Elisha will die, and they will bury him. And the troops of Moab will come against the land, the year came in. And it will be they were burying a man, and behold, they saw a troop; and they will cast the man into the tomb of Elisha: and the man will go and touch upon the bones of Elisha, and he will live and rise upon his feet
And he will do evil in the eyes of Jehovah he turned not away from all the sins of Jeroboam son or Nebat, who caused Israel to sin. He turned back the bound of Is reel from the entrance of Hamath, even to the sea of the sterile region, according to the word of Jehovah the God of Israel which he spake by the hand of his servant Jonah, the son of Amittai the prophet, which was of the winepress of the pit.
He turned back the bound of Is reel from the entrance of Hamath, even to the sea of the sterile region, according to the word of Jehovah the God of Israel which he spake by the hand of his servant Jonah, the son of Amittai the prophet, which was of the winepress of the pit. For Jehovah saw the affliction of Israel exceedingly bitter, and none shut up, and none left, and no helper to Israel. read more. And Jehovah spake not to wipe away the name of Israel from under the heavens: and he will save them by the hand of Jeroboam son of Joash.
O Jehovah, in thy good will thou didst cause strength to stand for my mountain: thou didst cover thy face, I was in trepidation.
Deep calling to deep at the voice of thy cataracts: all thy breakers and thy waves passed over me.
To the overseer upon the lilies; to David. Save me, O God, for the waters came even to the soul. I sank in mire of depth, and no standing: I came into depths of waters and the floods overwhelmed me.
Whither shall I go from thy spirit? and whither from thy face shall I flee? If I shall ascend to the heavens, thou art there: and shall I bend down to hades, behold thee. read more. Shall I lift up the wings of the dawn? shall I dwell in the uttermost parts of the sea? Also there thy hand will guide me, and thy right hand will hold me.
And saying, Wo to me! for I was cut off; because I a man of unclean lips, and in the midst of a people of unclean lips I dwell: for mine eyes saw the king, Jehovah of armies.
Thy dead shall live, with my corpse shall they rise. Awake and shout, ye dwelling in dust: for the dew of brightness is thy dew, and the land of the shades shall fall.
Behold, for peace bitterness, to me bitterness: and thou didst cleave to my soul from the pit of destruction: and thou didst cast all my sin behind my back
And saying, Ah, Lord Jehovah, behold I knew not to speak: for I a boy.
And thou shalt gird thy loins and rise and speak to them all that I shall command thee: thou shalt not be terrified from their face lest I shall break thee before them.
For my people did two evils: they forsook me the fountain of living waters, to hew out for them wells, broken wells which will not hold water.
The hope of Israel, O Jehovah, all forsaking thee shall be ashamed, turning away from me they shall be written in the earth, for they forsook the fountain of the water of life, Jehovah.
If a man shall hide in secret places and I shall not see him, says Jehovah. Do I not fill the heavens and the earth? says Jehovah.
The hand of Jehovah was upon me, and he will bring me forth in the spirit of Jehovah, and he will set me down in the midst of the valley; and it was filled with bones. And he caused me to pass over them round about, round about: and behold, exceeding many upon the face of the valley; and behold, exceedingly dry. read more. And he will say to me, Son of man, shall these bones live? And saying, Thou Lord Jehovah knoweth. And he will say to me, Prophesy over these bones, and say to them, Ye dry bones, hear the word of Jehovah. Thus said the Lord Jehovah to these bones: Behold, I bring upon you the spirit, and ye lived. And I gave sinews upon you, and I brought up flesh upon you, and I drew skin over you, and I gave spirit in you, and ye lived; and ye shall know that I am Jehovah. And I prophesied as I was commanded: and there will be a voice as I prophesied, and behold a shaking, the bones will draw near, bone to his bone. And I saw and behold, upon them sinews and flesh came up, and the skin will draw over them from above: and no spirit in them. And he will say to me, prophesy to the spirit, prophesy, son of man, and say to the spirit, thus said the Lord Jehovah: Come from the four winds, O wind and blow upon these slain, and they shall live. And I prophesied as he commanded me, and the spirit will come upon them and they will live, and they will stand upon their feet, an army great, exceedingly, exceedingly. And he will say to me, Son of man, these bones all the house of Israel: behold them saying, Our bones were dried up, and our hope perished, and we were cut off to us. For this, prophesy and say to them, Thus said the Lord Jehovah: Behold, I opened your graves and brought you up from your graves, O my people, and I brought you to the land of Israel. And ye knew that I was Jehovah in my opening your graves and in my bringing you up from your graves, O my People And And I gave my spirit in you, and ye lived, and I caused you to rest upon your land: and ye knew that I Jehovah spake, and I did, says the Lord Jehovah.
And many sleeping in the earth of dust shall awake, these to eternal life, and these to reproach and eternal abhorrence.
He will revive us after two days: in the third day he will raise us up and we shall live before him.
They shall not dwell in the land of Jehovah; and Ephraim turned back to Egypt, and in Assur they shall eat the unclean thing.
They shall not dwell in the land of Jehovah; and Ephraim turned back to Egypt, and in Assur they shall eat the unclean thing.
He shall not turn back to the land of Egypt, and Assur shall be his king, for they refused to turn back.
They shall tremble as a bird out of Egypt, and as a dove out of the land of Assur: and I caused them to dwell in their houses, says Jehovah.
And I caused you to be carried away captive farther off than Damascus, said Jehovah, God of armies his name.
And I caused you to be carried away captive farther off than Damascus, said Jehovah, God of armies his name.
For behold, I raise up against you, O house of Israel, says Jehovah God of armies, a nation; and they pressed you from the entrance of Hamath, even to the torrent of the sterile region.
Arise, go to Nineveh, the great city, and call against it; for their evil came up before me. And Jonah will rise up to flee to Tarshish from the face of Jehovah, and he will go down to Joppa; and he will find a ship going to Tarshish, and be will give his hire, and he will go down in it to go with them to Tarshish from the face of Jehovah.
And Jonah will rise up to flee to Tarshish from the face of Jehovah, and he will go down to Joppa; and he will find a ship going to Tarshish, and be will give his hire, and he will go down in it to go with them to Tarshish from the face of Jehovah.
And he will say, I called out of straits to me to Jehovah, and he will answer me; from the belly of hades I cried for help, thou heardest my voice.
And I said, I was driven from before thine eyes; yet I shall add to look to thy holy temple. The waters encompassed me even to the soul: the deep will surround me, the sedge was bound to my head. read more. I shall go down to the cuttings off of the mountains; the earth, her bars about me forever: and thou wilt bring up my life from corruption, O Jehovah my God.
I shall go down to the cuttings off of the mountains; the earth, her bars about me forever: and thou wilt bring up my life from corruption, O Jehovah my God.
They watching the vanities of falsehood will forsake their kindness.
And Jehovah God will appoint a gourd, and it will come up from above to Jonah to be a shadow over his head to deliver to him from his evil. And Jonah will rejoice over the gourd with great joy.
And God will say to Jonah, Was it well to kindle to thee for the gourd? And he will say, It was well to kindle to me, even to death.
And he having answered, said to them, An evil generation and an adulteress seeks a sign; and no sign shall be given it, but the sign of Jonas the prophet. For as Jonas was in the whale's belly three days and three nights; so shall the Son of man be in the heart of the earth three days and three nights.
For as Jonas was in the whale's belly three days and three nights; so shall the Son of man be in the heart of the earth three days and three nights. The Ninevite men shall rise up in judgment with this generation, and condemn it: for they repented at the proclamation of Jonas; and, behold, a greater than Jonas here.
The Ninevite men shall rise up in judgment with this generation, and condemn it: for they repented at the proclamation of Jonas; and, behold, a greater than Jonas here.
Then says he to them, My soul is sorely grieved, even to death: remain here, and watch ye with me.
And there is a great hurricane of wind, and the waves struck against the ship, so that it was already filled. And he was upon the back part of the ship, sleeping upon a pillow: and they aroused him, and say to him, Teacher, carest thou not that we perish? read more. And having risen, he censured the wind, and said to the sea, Be silent, be constricted. And the wind ceased, and there was a great calm.
And it was in the days of his acceptation being completed, and he fixed his face to go into Jerusalem. And he sent messengers before his face: and having gone, they came into a town of Samaritans, in order to prepare for him. read more. And they received him not, for his face was going to Jerusalem. And his disciples James and John having seen, said, O Lord, wilt thou that we should speak fire to come down from heaven, and destroy them, as also did Elias? And having turned he censured them, and said, Ye know not of what sort Of spirit ye are. For the Son of man came not to destroy men's souls, but to save them. And they proceeded into another town:
For as Jonas was a sign to the Ninevites, so shall be the Son of man to this generation.
For as Jonas was a sign to the Ninevites, so shall be the Son of man to this generation.
And he said to them, Having gone, say to that fox, Behold, I cast out demons, and complete cures to day and to morrow, and the third day I am completed. But I must go to day and to morrow and the following: for it is not possible for a prophet to perish out of Jerusalem.
Jesus answered and said to them, Loose this temple, and in three days will I raise it up.
Neither turn ye in your thoughts that it is profitable to us, that one man die for the people, and the nation perish not.
Wherefore he says, Awake, who sleeping, and arise from the dead, and Christ will enlighten thee.
For man s anger works not the justice of God.
Hastings
JONAH
1. The man Jonah.
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And from thence it passed over east from the sunrising to Gittah-Hepher, Ittah-Kazin, the Pomegranate,, marked out of the Earthquake;
And he went into the desert the way of a day, and he will come and sit under one broom-tree: and he will ask for his soul to die: and he will say, Much now, O Jehovah, Take my soul, for I am not good above my fathers.
He turned back the bound of Is reel from the entrance of Hamath, even to the sea of the sterile region, according to the word of Jehovah the God of Israel which he spake by the hand of his servant Jonah, the son of Amittai the prophet, which was of the winepress of the pit.
And his sons and the multitude of the lifting up upon him, and the founding of the house of God, behold them written upon the commentary of the book of the kings. And Amaziah his son will reign in his stead.
Nebuchadnezzar king of Babel consumed us, he destroyed us, he set us an empty vessel, he swallowed us down as a dragon, he filled his belly with my delicacies, he thrust us away. My violence and my remainder upon Babel, shall she dwelling in Zion say; and my blood to the inhabitants of Chaldea, shall Jerusalem say. read more. For this, thus said Jehovah: Behold me pleading thy cause, and I took vengeance with thy vengeance; and I dried up her sea, and made her fountains dry. And Babel was for heaps, a habitation of jackals, an astonishment and a hissing, from none inhabiting. Together as lions shall they roar: they shook themselves as the lion's whelps. In their heat I will set their drinkings, and I made them drunken so that they shall exult, and sleep an eternal sleep, and they shall not rouse up, says Jehovah. I will bring them down as lambs for the slaughter, as rams with he goats. How was Sheshach taken and the praise of all the earth will be seized; how was Babel for a desolation among the nations! The sea came up against Babel: with the multitude of rolling waves was she covered. Her cities were for a desolation, a land of dryness and a sterile region, a land not a man dwells in them, and not the son of man shall pass through them. And I reviewed over Bel in Babel, and brought forth his swallowing from his mouth: and the nations shall no more flow to him: also the wall of Babel fell.
And the word of Jehovah shall be to Jonah, son of Amittai, saying,
And Jonah will rise up to flee to Tarshish from the face of Jehovah, and he will go down to Joppa; and he will find a ship going to Tarshish, and be will give his hire, and he will go down in it to go with them to Tarshish from the face of Jehovah. And Jehovah cast down a great wind upon the sea, and there will be a great storm upon the sea, and the ship was thought to be broken. read more. And the seamen will fear, and they will cry each to his God, and they cast down the vessels which were in the ship into the sea to lighten from them. And Jonah went down to the sides of the ship, and he will lie down and snore. And the chief sailor will draw near to him and say to him, What to thee, thou snoring? Arise, and call to thy God; perhaps thy God will work for us and we shall not perish. And they will say each to his neighbor, Come, and we will cast the lot, and we shall know for the retributions of this evil to us. And they will cast lots, and the lot will fall upon Jonah.
And they will say each to his neighbor, Come, and we will cast the lot, and we shall know for the retributions of this evil to us. And they will cast lots, and the lot will fall upon Jonah. And they will say to him, Announce now to us, on account of whom is this evil to us? what thy work? and from whence wilt thou come? what thy land? and from what people art thou?
And they will say to him, Announce now to us, on account of whom is this evil to us? what thy work? and from whence wilt thou come? what thy land? and from what people art thou? And he will say to them, I an Hebrew; and I feared Jehovah God of the heavens, who made the sea and the dry land.
And he will say to them, I an Hebrew; and I feared Jehovah God of the heavens, who made the sea and the dry land. And the men will fear a great fear, and they will say to him, What this thou didst? For the men knew that he fled from the face of Jehovah, for he announced to them.
And the men will fear a great fear, and they will say to him, What this thou didst? For the men knew that he fled from the face of Jehovah, for he announced to them. And they will say to him, What shall we do to thee and the sea shall subside from you? For the sea went and tossed about
And they will say to him, What shall we do to thee and the sea shall subside from you? For the sea went and tossed about And he will say to them, Lift me up and cast me down to the sea, and the sea will subside from you: For I shall know on my account this great storm is upon you.
And he will say to them, Lift me up and cast me down to the sea, and the sea will subside from you: For I shall know on my account this great storm is upon you. And the men will break through to turn back to the dry land, and they will not be able, for the sea went and tossed about against them.
And the men will break through to turn back to the dry land, and they will not be able, for the sea went and tossed about against them. And they will call to Jehovah, and say, Ah, now, O Jehovah, not now shall we perish for the soul of this man, and thou wilt not give upon us innocent blood: for thou Jehovah didst as thou pleased.
And they will call to Jehovah, and say, Ah, now, O Jehovah, not now shall we perish for the soul of this man, and thou wilt not give upon us innocent blood: for thou Jehovah didst as thou pleased. And they will lift up Jonah and cast him down into the sea: and the sea will stand from its foam.
And they will lift up Jonah and cast him down into the sea: and the sea will stand from its foam. And the men feared Jehovah with great fear, and they will sacrifice a sacrifice to Jehovah, and they will vow vows. read more. And Jehovah will prepare a great fish to swallow down Jonah: and Jonah will be in-the bowels of the fish three days and three nights.
And Jonah will pray to Jehovah his God from the bowels of the fish,
And Jonah will pray to Jehovah his God from the bowels of the fish, And he will say, I called out of straits to me to Jehovah, and he will answer me; from the belly of hades I cried for help, thou heardest my voice.
And he will say, I called out of straits to me to Jehovah, and he will answer me; from the belly of hades I cried for help, thou heardest my voice. And thou wilt cast me into the depth, into the heart of the seas; and the river will surround me: all thy breakers and thy waves passed over me.
And thou wilt cast me into the depth, into the heart of the seas; and the river will surround me: all thy breakers and thy waves passed over me.
And thou wilt cast me into the depth, into the heart of the seas; and the river will surround me: all thy breakers and thy waves passed over me. And I said, I was driven from before thine eyes; yet I shall add to look to thy holy temple.
And I said, I was driven from before thine eyes; yet I shall add to look to thy holy temple.
And I said, I was driven from before thine eyes; yet I shall add to look to thy holy temple. The waters encompassed me even to the soul: the deep will surround me, the sedge was bound to my head.
The waters encompassed me even to the soul: the deep will surround me, the sedge was bound to my head.
The waters encompassed me even to the soul: the deep will surround me, the sedge was bound to my head. I shall go down to the cuttings off of the mountains; the earth, her bars about me forever: and thou wilt bring up my life from corruption, O Jehovah my God.
I shall go down to the cuttings off of the mountains; the earth, her bars about me forever: and thou wilt bring up my life from corruption, O Jehovah my God.
I shall go down to the cuttings off of the mountains; the earth, her bars about me forever: and thou wilt bring up my life from corruption, O Jehovah my God. In my soul fainting upon me I remembered Jehovah: and my prayers will come in to thee to thy holy temple.
In my soul fainting upon me I remembered Jehovah: and my prayers will come in to thee to thy holy temple. They watching the vanities of falsehood will forsake their kindness.
They watching the vanities of falsehood will forsake their kindness. And I will sacrifice to thee with the voice of praise; what I vowed I will requite. Salvation is to Jehovah.
And I will sacrifice to thee with the voice of praise; what I vowed I will requite. Salvation is to Jehovah. And Jehovah will say to the fish, and he will vomit forth Jonah upon the dry land.
And the word of Jehovah will be to Jonah the second time, saying, Arise, go to Nineveh the great city, and call to it the calling which I speak to thee. read more. And Jonah will rise and go to Nineveh according to the word of Jehovah. And Nineveh was a great city to God, the going of three days.
And Jonah will rise and go to Nineveh according to the word of Jehovah. And Nineveh was a great city to God, the going of three days. And Jonah will begin to go in to the city the going of one day, and he will call, and say, Yet forty days and Nineveh being overthrown. read more. And the men of Nineveh will believe in God, and they will call a fast, and put on sackcloth, from great and even to small. And the word will reach to the king of Nineveh, and he will rise from his throne, and he will take away his wide cloak from off him, and he will cover with sackcloth, and he will sit upon ashes.
And the word will reach to the king of Nineveh, and he will rise from his throne, and he will take away his wide cloak from off him, and he will cover with sackcloth, and he will sit upon ashes. And he will cry out and say in Nineveh from the edict of the king and of his great ones, saying, The man and beast, the herd and flock shall not taste of anything; they shall not feed and they shall not drink water. read more. And man and beast shall be covered with sackcloth, and they shall cry with strength to Jehovah: and they shall turn back each from his evil way, and the violence which is in their hands. Who shall know God will turn back and lament, and turning back from the burning of his anger and we shall not perish? And God will see their works that they turned back from their evil way, and God will lament for the evil which he spake to do to them: and he did it not
And he will pray to Jehovah and say, Ah, now, O Jehovah, was not this my word while I was upon my land? For this I anticipated to flee to Tarshish, for I knew that thou art merciful and compassionate, slow to anger and of much kindness, and lamenting for evil.
And Jehovah will say, Didst thou well for thee to be angry? And Jonah will go out of the city, and sit from the east to the city, and he make to him there a tent, and he will sit under it in the shadow, even till he shall see what will be upon the city. read more. And Jehovah God will appoint a gourd, and it will come up from above to Jonah to be a shadow over his head to deliver to him from his evil. And Jonah will rejoice over the gourd with great joy. And God will appoint a worm in the going up of the morning for the morrow, and it will strike the gourd, and it will dry up. And it will be as the sun rose, and God will appoint a sultry east wind; and the sun struck upon the head of Jonah, and he will faint, and he will ask his soul to die, and say, It is good for me to die rather than live. And God will say to Jonah, Was it well to kindle to thee for the gourd? And he will say, It was well to kindle to me, even to death. And Jehovah will say, Thou didst spare for the gourd, which thou didst not labor for it, and thou didst not cause it to grow; it was the youth of a night, and the son of a night perished. And shall I not spare for Nineveh the great city which there is in it more than one hundred and twenty thousand men which knew not between his right hand to his left, and many cattle?
And whoever speaks a word against the Son of man, it shall be remitted to him; but whoever speaks against the Holy Spirit, it shall not be let go to him, neither in this time, nor that about to be.
An evil and adulterous generation seeks for a sign; and no sign shall be given her, except the sign of Jonas the prophet. And having left them, he departed.
And crowds being collected, he began to say, This is an evil generation: it seeks a sign; and no sign shall be given it, but the sign of Jonas the prophet.
Morish
Jo'nah
Son of Amittai and the prophet of Gath-hepher (in Galilee: cf. Joh 7:52). His prophecy is in the main the history of himself. It shows that the prophet embodied in himself the testimony of God through Israel to the Gentiles (comp. Mt 24:14), and also the important fact that God regards the contrition and turning from evil of a city or nation. Jonah was directed to go and cry against that great city Nineveh; but instead of obeying, he fled from the presence of the Lord. He himself tells us why he fled
See Verses Found in Dictionary
He turned back the bound of Is reel from the entrance of Hamath, even to the sea of the sterile region, according to the word of Jehovah the God of Israel which he spake by the hand of his servant Jonah, the son of Amittai the prophet, which was of the winepress of the pit.
And many sleeping in the earth of dust shall awake, these to eternal life, and these to reproach and eternal abhorrence.
And he will pray to Jehovah and say, Ah, now, O Jehovah, was not this my word while I was upon my land? For this I anticipated to flee to Tarshish, for I knew that thou art merciful and compassionate, slow to anger and of much kindness, and lamenting for evil.
And he having answered, said to them, An evil generation and an adulteress seeks a sign; and no sign shall be given it, but the sign of Jonas the prophet. For as Jonas was in the whale's belly three days and three nights; so shall the Son of man be in the heart of the earth three days and three nights. read more. The Ninevite men shall rise up in judgment with this generation, and condemn it: for they repented at the proclamation of Jonas; and, behold, a greater than Jonas here.
An evil and adulterous generation seeks for a sign; and no sign shall be given her, except the sign of Jonas the prophet. And having left them, he departed.
And this good news of the kingdom shall be proclaimed in the whole habitable globe for a witness to all nations: and then shall the end come.
And crowds being collected, he began to say, This is an evil generation: it seeks a sign; and no sign shall be given it, but the sign of Jonas the prophet. For as Jonas was a sign to the Ninevites, so shall be the Son of man to this generation. read more. The queen of the south shall be raised up in the judgment with the men of this generation, and shall condemn them: for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and, behold, more than Solomon here. The Ninevite men shall rise up in the judgment with this generation, and condemn it: for they repented at the proclamation of Jonas; and, behold, more than Jonas here.
They answered and said to him, And art thou not of Galilee? Search, and see: for a prophet has not risen out of Galilee.
And the Jews, having seen the crowds, were filled with envy, and spake against the things said by Paul, contradicting and defaming.
Smith
Jo'nah
(dove), the fifth of the minor prophets, was the son of Amittai, and a native of Gath-hepher.
He flourished in or before the reign of Jeroboam II., about B.C. 820. Having already, as it seems, prophesied to Israel, he was sent to Nineveh. The time was one of political revival in Israel; but ere long the Assyrians were to be employed by God as a scourge upon them. The prophet shrank from a commission which he felt sure would result,
in the sparing of a hostile city. He attempted therefore to escape to Tarshish. The providence of God, however, watched over him, first in a storm, and then in his being swallowed by a large fish (a sea monster, probably the white shark) for the space of three days and three nights. [On this subject see article WHALE] After his deliverance, Jonah executed his commission; and the king, "believing him to be a minister form the supreme deity of the nation," and having heard of his miraculous deliverance, ordered a general fast, and averted the threatened judgment. But the prophet, not from personal but national feelings, grudged the mercy shown to a heathen nation. He was therefore taught by the significant lesson of the "gourd," whose growth and decay brought the truth at once home to him, that he was sent to testify by deed, as other prophets would afterward testify by word, the capacity of Gentiles for salvation, and the design of God to make them partakers of it. This was "the sign of the prophet Jonas."
See Whale
Lu 11:29-30
But the resurrection of Christ itself was also shadowed forth in the history of the prophet.
The mission of Jonah was highly symbolical. The facts contained a concealed prophecy. The old tradition made the burial-place of Jonah to be Gath-hepher; the modern tradition places it at Nebi-Yunus, opposite Mosul.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
He turned back the bound of Is reel from the entrance of Hamath, even to the sea of the sterile region, according to the word of Jehovah the God of Israel which he spake by the hand of his servant Jonah, the son of Amittai the prophet, which was of the winepress of the pit.
And he will pray to Jehovah and say, Ah, now, O Jehovah, was not this my word while I was upon my land? For this I anticipated to flee to Tarshish, for I knew that thou art merciful and compassionate, slow to anger and of much kindness, and lamenting for evil.
And he having answered, said to them, An evil generation and an adulteress seeks a sign; and no sign shall be given it, but the sign of Jonas the prophet.
The Ninevite men shall rise up in judgment with this generation, and condemn it: for they repented at the proclamation of Jonas; and, behold, a greater than Jonas here.
An evil and adulterous generation seeks for a sign; and no sign shall be given her, except the sign of Jonas the prophet. And having left them, he departed.
And crowds being collected, he began to say, This is an evil generation: it seeks a sign; and no sign shall be given it, but the sign of Jonas the prophet. For as Jonas was a sign to the Ninevites, so shall be the Son of man to this generation.
Watsons
JONAH, son of Amittai, the fifth of the minor prophets, was born at Gathhepher, in Galilee. He is generally considered as the most ancient of the prophets, and is supposed to have lived B.C. 840. The book of Jonah is chiefly narrative. He relates that he was commanded by God to go to Ninevah, and preach against the inhabitants of that capital of the Assyrian empire; that, through fear of executing this commission, he set sail for Tarshish; and that, in his voyage thither, a tempest arising, he was cast by the mariners into the sea, and swallowed by a large fish; that, while he was in the belly of this fish, he prayed to God, and was, after three days and three nights, delivered out of it alive; that he then received a second command to go and preach against Nineveh, which he obeyed; that, upon his threatening the destruction of the city within forty days, the king and people proclaimed a fast, and repented of their sins; and that, upon this repentance, God suspended the sentence which he had ordered to be pronounced in his name. Upon their repentance, God deferred the execution of his judgment till the increase of their iniquities made them ripe for destruction, about a hundred and fifty years afterward. The last chapter gives an account of the murmuring of Jonah at this instance of divine mercy, and of the gentle and condescending manner in which it pleased God to reprove the prophet for his unjust complaint. The style of Jonah is simple and perspicuous; and his prayer, in the second chapter, is strongly descriptive of the feelings of a pious mind under a severe trial of faith. Our Saviour mentions Jonah in the Gospel, Mt 12:41; Lu 11:32. See NINEVEH and See GOURD.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
The Ninevite men shall rise up in judgment with this generation, and condemn it: for they repented at the proclamation of Jonas; and, behold, a greater than Jonas here.
The Ninevite men shall rise up in the judgment with this generation, and condemn it: for they repented at the proclamation of Jonas; and, behold, more than Jonas here.