Reference: Shepherd
American
Or PASTOR. Abel was a keeper of sheep, Ge 4:2, as were the greater number of the ancient patriarchs. When men began to multiply, and to follow different employments, Jabal son of Lamech was acknowledged as father, that is, founder of shepherd and nomads, Ge 4:20. A large part of the wealth of ancient patriarchs consisted in flocks and herds, the care of which was shared by their sons, daughters, and servants. Rachel the bride of Jacob was a shepherdess, Ge 29:6; his sons, the fathers of the tribes of Israel were shepherds, and so was David their king, Ps 78:70-72. The employment is highly honored in the Bible, Lu 2:8-20. In the time of the kings, the "chief herdsman" occupies a post of some importance, 1Sa 21:7; 2Ki 3:4; 1Ch 27:29-31. In Palestine and its vicinity, besides those who united the keeping of flocks and herds with the tillage of the ground, there were and still are numbers of nomads or wandering shepherds confining themselves to no settled home. These dwellers in tents often had a wide range of pasture grounds, from one to another of which they drove their flocks as occasion required, Ge 37:12-17. In the vast deserts east and south of Palestine they found many spots which in winter and spring were clothed with verdure, Ex 3:1; Ps 65:12. But the heat of summer withered these "pastures of the wilderness," and drove the shepherds and their flocks to seek for highlands and streams. There are many indications in the Scripture of the conscious strength and independence of he ancient shepherd patriarchs, of the extent of their households, and the consideration in which they were held, Ge 14:14-24; 21:22-32; 26:13-16; 30:43; Job 1:3.
God sometimes takes the name of Shepherd of Israel, Ps 80:1 Jer 31:10; and kings, both in Scripture and ancient writers, are distinguished by the title of "Shepherds of the people." The prophets often inveigh against the "shepherds of Israel," that is, the kings, who feed themselves and neglect their flocks; who distress, ill-treat, seduce, and lead them astray, Eze 34:10. In like manner Christ, as the Messiah, is often called a shepherd,
Zec 13:7, and also takes on himself the title of "the Good Shepherd," who gives his life for his sheep, Joh 10:11,14-15. Paul calls him the great Shepherd of the sheep, Heb 13:20, and Peter gives him the appellation of Prince of shepherds, 1Pe 5:4. His ministers are in like manner the pastors or under-shepherds of the flock, Jer 3:15; 23:3; Eph 4:11.
In Joh 10:1-16, our Savior says the good shepherd lays down his life for his sheep; that he knows them, and they know him; that they hear his voice, and follow him; that he goes before them; that no one shall force them out of his hands, and that he calls them by their names. These, however, being all incidents taken from the customs of the country, are by no means so striking to us as they must have been to those who heard our Lord, and who every day witnessed such methods of conducting this domesticated animal. Modern travelers in the East meet with many pleasing confirmation of the truth of Scripture in respect to these particulars; they see the shepherd walking before his flock, any one of which will instantly run to him when called by its own name. The hireling, or bad shepherd, forsakes the sheep, and the thief enters not by the door of the sheepfold, but climbs in another way. See SHEEP. The Bible applies many of the excellences of the faithful shepherd in illustration of the Savior's care of his flock. The shepherd was responsible for each member of the flock intrusted to him, Ge 31:39; Ex 22:12; Joh 10:28; he had need of great courage and endurance, Ge 31:40; 1Sa 17:34-35; Joh 15:10; he exercised a tender care towards the feeble, and carried the lambs in his arms, Ge 33:13; Isa 40:11; Mr 10:14,16; and searched for the lost sheep, bringing it back from the "land of drought and the shadow of death" into green pastures and still waters, Ps 23; Lu 15:4-7.
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And she will add to bear his brother Abel; and Abel shall be a feeder of sheep, and Cain was a laborer of the earth.
And Adah will bear Jabal; he was the father of him remaining in the tent, and riches.
And Abram shall hear that his brother was carried away captive, and he will draw forth his trained, born in his house, eighteen and three hundred, and will pursue, even to Dan. And he will divide against them at night, he and his servants, and will smite them, and will pursue them even to Hobah, which is on the left hand of Damascus. read more. And he shall turn back all the substance, and also Lot, his brother, and having turned back his cattle, and also the women and the people. And the king of Sodom shall come forth to his meeting (after his return from the destroying of Chedorlaomer and the kings which were with him) at the valley of Shaveh; this is the king's valley. And Melchise-dek, king of Salem, bringing forth bread and wine: and he is priest of the most high God. And he will bless him, and will say, Blessed be Abram of the most high God, possessing the heavens and the earth. And praised be the most high God who delivered thine oppressors into thy hand; and he will give him of the tenth of all. And the king of Sodom will say to Abram, Give to me the living creature, and take the susbtance to thyself. And Abram will say to the king of Sodom, I lifted up my hand to Jehovah God the most high, possessing the heavens and the earth. If from a line and to a shoe-string and if I shall take from all which is to thee, and thou shalt not say I enriched Abram: Nothing yet for me except what the young men ate, and the portion of the men who went with me, Aner, Eshcol, and Mamra; they shall take their portion.
And it shall be in that tune, and Abimelech will speak, and Phicol, leader of his army, to Abraham, saying, God is with thee in all that thou doest And now swear to me in God, whether if thou shalt lie to me and to my progeny, and to my progenies; according to the kindness which I did to thee, thou shalt do to me, and to the land in which thou didst sojourn in it read more. And Abraham will say, I will swear. And Abraham rebuked Abimelech on account of the well of waters which Abimelech's servants took away by force. And Abimelech will say, I knew not who did this thing; and also thou didst not announce to me, and also I heard not except this day. And Abraham will take sheep and oxen, and give to Abimelech; and they two made a covenant And Abraham set, seven ewe lambs of the sheep alone. And Abimelech will say to Abraham, What here these seven ewe lambs which thou didst set alone? And he will say, For the seven ewe lambs thou shalt take from my hand, in order to be to me for a testimony that I dug this well. For this he called that place, The well of the oath, for there they two aware. And they will make a covenant, at the well of the oath, and Abimelech will rise up, and Phicol, the leader of his army, and they will turn back to the land of the Philistines,
And the man will become great, and went going, and he became great, until that he became very great And there will be to him possession of flocks, and possession of oxen, and service of many; and the Philistines will envy him. read more. And all the wells which his father's servants digged in the days of Abraham his father, the Philistines stopped them and filled them with dust And Abimelech will say to Isaak, Go from us: for thou wert strong above us exceedingly.
And he will say to them, Is health to him? and they will say, Health: Behold, Rachel his daughter came with the sheep.
And the man will break forth greatly, greatly; and there will be to him many sheep and maids, and servants, and camels and asses.
The torn I brought not to thee; I shall bear the blame of it; from my hand thou will seek it, thefts of the day, and thefts of the night I was in the day, the drought consumed me, and cold in the night, and sleep will flee away from mine eyes.
And he will say to him, My lord knew that the children are tender, and the sheep and the oxen bringing forth with me, and they overdrive them one day all the flock will die.
And his brethren will go to feed their father's sheep in Shechem. And Israel will say to Joseph, Are not thy brethren feeding in Shechem? Come, and I will send thee to them. And he will say, Behold me. read more. And he will say to him, Go, now, see the peace of thy brethren, and the peace of the sheep; and turn back to me word: and he will send him from the valley of Hebron and he will go to Shechem. And a man will find him, and behold, he wandered in the field. And the man will ask him, saying, What wilt thou seek? And he will say, I am seeking my brethren; announce to me now where they are feeding. And the man will say, They -removed from this; for I heard them saying, We will go to Dothan. And Joseph will go after his brethren and will find them in Dothan.
And Moses was feeding the sheep of Jethro, his father-in-law, the priest of Midian: and he will lead the sheep behind the desert, and he will come to the mountain of God, to Horeb.
And a man there from the servants of Saul in that day, withheld before Jehovah; and his name Doeg, the Edomite, a powerful one of the shepherds which were to Saul.
And his possession will be seven thousand sheep, and three thousand camels, and five hundred pair of oxen, and five hundred she asses, and service exceedingly much; and that man shall be great above all the sons of the east.
The pastures of the desert shall drop, and the hills shall be girded with joy.
And he will choose in David his servant, and he will take him from the folds of sheep. From those bringing up to care for Jacob his people and for Israel his inheritance. read more. And he will feed them according to the integrity of his heart, and he will guide them in the understandings of his hands.
To the overseer for the lilies of the testimonies; to Asaph a chanting. O thou feeding Israel, give ear, guiding Joseph as sheep.; thou dwelling in the cherubs, shine forth.
As a shepherd he will feed his flock: with his arm he will gather the lambs, and will lift up into his bosom, he will lead those coming up.
And I gave to you shepherds according to my heart, and they fed you with knowledge and understanding.
And I will gather the remnant of my flock from all the lands where I thrust them away there, and I turned them back to their rests, and they were fruitful and multiplied.
Hear the word of Jehovah, ye nations, and announce in the islands from far off, and say, He scattering Israel will gather him, and watch him as the shepherd his flock.
Thus said the Lord Jehovah: Behold me against the shepherds; and I sought my flock from their hand, and I caused them to cease from feeding the sheep: and the shepherds shall no more feed themselves; and I delivered my flock from their face, and they shall not be to them for consuming.
O sword, be raised up against my shepherd, and against the man of my fellowship, says Jehovah of armies: strike the shepherd and the sheep shall be scattered; and I turned back my hand upon the little ones.
And Jesus, having seen, felt pain, and said to them, Permit children to come to me, and forbid them not: for of such is the kingdom of God.
And having taken them up in his arms, having put the hands upon them, he praised them.
And shepherds were in the country, sleeping in the fields, and watching over their flock the watches of the night. And, behold, a messenger of the Lord stood before them, and the glory of the Lord shone around them : and they fear a great fear. read more. And the messenger said to them, Fear not : for, behold, I announce you good news, great joy, which shall be to all people. For this day a Saviour was born to you, who is Christ the Lord, in the city of David. And this the sign to you; ye shall find the babe swathed, lying in a manger. And suddenly was there a multitude with the messenger of the heavenly army praising God, and saying, Glory to God in the highest ones, and upon earth peace, benevolence in men. And it was when the messenger departed from them into heaven, and the men, the shepherds, said to one another, Let us pass through now to Bethlehem, and see this word done,which the Lord made known to us. And having hastened, they came and found both Mary, and Joseph, and the babe lying in a manger. And having seen, they made known concerning the word spoken to them about the child. And all having heard wondered at the things spoken to them by the shepherds. And Mary kept together all these sayings, reflecting in her heart. And the shepherds returned, honouring and praising God for all which they heard and saw, as was spoken to them.
What man of you, having one hundred. sheep, and having lost one of them, leaves not the ninety-nine in the desert, and goes for the one lost, till he find it And having found, he puts upon his shoulders, rejoicing. read more. And having come into the house, he calls together friends and neighbors, saying to them, Rejoice with me: for I have found my lost sheep. I say to you, that so shall joy be in heaven over one sinful repenting, more than over ninety-nine just, which have no need of repentance.
Truly, truly, I say to you, He not coming in through the door into the court-yard of the sheep, but coming up from another place, he is a thief and robber. And he coming in through the door is the shepherd of the sheep. read more. To him the guard of the door opens; and the sheep hear his voice : and he calls his own sheep by name, and leads them out. And when he would put forth his own sheep, he goes before them, and the sheep follow him: for they know his voice. And a stranger they would not follow, but they will flee from him : for they know not the voice of strangers. This proverb spake Jesus to then: and they knew not what things they were which he spake th them. Then said Jesus again to them, Truly, truly, I say to you, That I am the door of the sheep. All who came before me are thieves and robbers: but the sheep heard them not. I am the door: if any come in through me, he shall be saved, and he shall me in, and go out, and find pasture. The thief comes not, except that he steal, and sacrifice, and destroy: I came that they might have life, and have above measure. I am the good shepherd: the good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep.
I am the good shepherd: the good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep. But the hired one, and not being the shepherd, whose own the sheep are not, sees the wolf coming, and he leaves the sheep, and flees: and the wolf plunders them, and scatters the sheep. read more. The hired flees, because he is hired, and no care is to him for the sheep. I am the good shepherd, and I know mine, and am known by mine.
I am the good shepherd, and I know mine, and am known by mine. As the Father knows me, I also know the Father: and I lay down my life for the sheep.
As the Father knows me, I also know the Father: and I lay down my life for the sheep. And I have, other sheep, which are not of this court-yard: and I must also bring them, and they shall hear my voice; and there shall be one flock, and one shepherd.
And I give them eternal life; and they shall never perish, and no one shall snatch them out of my hand.
If ye keep my commands, ye shall remain in my love; as I have kept my Father's commands, and remain in his love.
And truly he gave the sent; and the prophets; and the bearers of good tidings; and the shepherds, and the teachers;
And the God of peace, having brought up from the dead, the great Shepherd of the sheep, in the blood of the eternal covenant, our Lord Jesus Christ,
And the chief Shepherd having been manifested, ye shall be attired with an unfading crown of glory.
Easton
a word naturally of frequent occurence in Scripture. Sometimes the word "pastor" is used instead (Jer 2:8; 3:15; 10:21; 12:10; 17:16). This word is used figuratively to represent the relation of rulers to their subjects and of God to his people (Ps 23:1; 80:1; Isa 40:11; 44:28; Jer 25:34-35; Na 3:18; Joh 10:11,14; Heb 13:20; 1Pe 2:25; 5:4).
The duties of a shepherd in an unenclosed country like Palestine were very onerous. "In early morning he led forth the flock from the fold, marching at its head to the spot where they were to be pastured. Here he watched them all day, taking care that none of the sheep strayed, and if any for a time eluded his watch and wandered away from the rest, seeking diligently till he found and brought it back. In those lands sheep require to be supplied regularly with water, and the shepherd for this purpose has to guide them either to some running stream or to wells dug in the wilderness and furnished with troughs. At night he brought the flock home to the fold, counting them as they passed under the rod at the door to assure himself that none were missing. Nor did his labours always end with sunset. Often he had to guard the fold through the dark hours from the attack of wild beasts, or the wily attempts of the prowling thief (see 1Sa 17:34).", Deane's David.
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And David will say to Saul, Thy servant was feeding for his father among the sheep, and there came the lion and with the bear, and lifted up a sheep from the flock.
Chanting of David. Jehovah my shepherd, and I shall not want
To the overseer for the lilies of the testimonies; to Asaph a chanting. O thou feeding Israel, give ear, guiding Joseph as sheep.; thou dwelling in the cherubs, shine forth.
As a shepherd he will feed his flock: with his arm he will gather the lambs, and will lift up into his bosom, he will lead those coming up.
Saying to Cyrus, My shepherd, and he shall complete all my delight: and saying to Jerusalem, Thou shalt be built; and the temple shall be founded.
The priests said not Where is Jehovah? and they holding the law knew me not: and the shepherds transgressed against me, and the prophets prophesied by Baal, and they went After what will not profit
And I gave to you shepherds according to my heart, and they fed you with knowledge and understanding.
For the shepherds were brutish, and they sought not Jehovah: for this they considered not, and all their flock was scattered.
Many shepherds destroyed my vineyard, they trod down my portion, they gave the portion of my desire for a desert of desolation.
And I withdrew not from following after thee; I desired not man's day, thou knewest: the going forth of my lips was straight before thee.
Wail, ye shepherds, and cry; and wallow yourselves, ye chiefs of the flocks; for your days for slaughter and your dispersions were filled up, and ye fell as a vessel of desire. And flight perished from the shepherds, and escaping from the chiefs of the flock.
Thy shepherds slumbered, O king of Assur: thy chiefs will lie down: thy people breathed upon the mountains, and none gathering.
I am the good shepherd: the good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep.
I am the good shepherd, and I know mine, and am known by mine.
And the God of peace, having brought up from the dead, the great Shepherd of the sheep, in the blood of the eternal covenant, our Lord Jesus Christ,
Fausets
(See SHEEP.) The nomadic state is one of the earliest stages of society, and was regarded as honourable even to a chief (Ge 4:2,20; 30:29 ff; Genesis 37); chiefs' daughters did not disdain to tend flocks (Ge 29:6, etc.; Ex 2:19). The long stay in Egypt elevated Israel from the nomadic to a settled life. The two and a half nomadic tribes received their portion in the outlying regions beyond Jordan (Numbers 32). As agriculture increased pasturage decreased, and was limited to particular spots, the border of the wilderness of Judah, Carmel (1Sa 25:2), Bethlehem (1Sa 16:11; Lu 2:8), Tekoa (Am 1:1), and Gedor (1Ch 4:39). Hence the "shepherd's tent" came to symbolize desolation (Eze 25:4; Zep 2:6). The shepherd's occupation was now no longer dignified (Ps 78:70; 2Sa 7:8; Am 7:14).
The shepherd's office represents Jehovah's tender care of His people (Psalm 23; Isa 40:11; 49:9-10; Jer 23:3-4; Eze 34:11-12,23). Allusions occur to the exposure to heat and cold (Ge 31:40), the precarious food (Am 7:14), the husks of the carob (Lu 15:16), the attacks of beasts (1Sa 17:34; Isa 31:4; Am 3:12), robbers (Ge 31:39). The shepherd had a mantle of sheepskin with the fleece on (Jer 43:12), a wallet for food (1Sa 17:40), a sling such as the Bedouin still carries, a staff to ward off foes and to guide the flock with its crook (Ps 23:4; Zec 11:7; so Jehovah "lifts up His staff against" His people's foes, Isa 10:1-24; His word is at once our prop of support and our defense against Satan). The shepherd, when far from home, had his light tent (Song 1:8), easily taken down and shifted (Isa 38:12).
Towers were sometimes erected to spy a foe afar off, and to guard the flock (2Ch 26:10; 27:4, compare "tower of Edar," Ge 35:21; Mic 4:8). (See EDAR.) His duty was to go before and call by name the sheep (Joh 10:4), watch it with dogs, a sorry animal in the East (Job 30:1), to search for stray sheep (Eze 34:12; Lu 15:4), to supply water, either at a stream or at troughs by wells (Ge 29:7; 30:38; Ex 2:16), (so Jesus, Ps 23:2), to bring back to the fold at evening and to reckon the sheep that none be missing (compare as to Jesus Joh 18:9; 17:11-12; 10:28-29), passing one by one "under the rod" (Le 27:32; Jer 33:13; Eze 20:37), (i.e. you shall be counted as Mine, and subjected to My chastening discipline with a view to My ultimate saving of the elect, Mic 7:14), checking each sheep as it passed; to act as porter, guarding the entrance to the fold by night (Joh 10:3).
The shepherds kept watches (plural in Greek, Lu 2:8, not "slumbering," Na 3:18) by turns at night, not on duty both night and day as Jacob (Ge 31:40). Tenderness to the young and feeble was the shepherd's duty, not to overdrive them (Ge 33:13); so Jesus (Isa 40:11-29; Mr 6:31; 8:2; 4:33; Joh 16:12). There were chief and under shepherds (Ge 47:6; 1Pe 5:4), and hirelings not of the family (Joh 10:11-13; 1Sa 21:7). The shepherd had responsibility, and at the same time personal interest in the flock (1Sa 31:13; 30:31; 1Co 9:7).
Playing on the pipe beguiled the monotony, and a feast at shearing time gave a yearly variety (1Sa 16:17; Ge 31:19; 38:12; 2Sa 13:23). Shepherds often contended with one another as to water (Ge 26:17-22; Ex 2:17). The Egyptian antipathy to shepherds (whom the monuments always represent as mean) was due to their being themselves agriculturists, whereas the neighbouring Arabs with whom they so often strove were nomads. The seizure of Lower Egypt by shepherd kings (Hyksos) for centuries aggravated this dislike, though the Hyksos were subsequent to Joseph (Ge 46:34). Princes, and even hostile leaders, are called shepherds: Isa 44:28; Jer 2:8; 3:15; 6:3; Eze 34:2; Mic 5:5. Teachers: Ec 12:11. Messiah: Ge 49:24; Ps 80:1; Zec 13:7; Joh 10:14; Heb 13:20.
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And she will add to bear his brother Abel; and Abel shall be a feeder of sheep, and Cain was a laborer of the earth.
And Adah will bear Jabal; he was the father of him remaining in the tent, and riches.
And Isaak will go from thence, and will sit down in the valley of Gerar, and will dwell there. And Isaak will dwell, and he will dig the wells of waters which they digged in the days of Abraham his father; and the Philistines will stop them after Abraham died: and he will call them the names after the names which his father called them. read more. And Isaak's servants will dig in the valley and will find there' a well of waters And the shepherds of Gerar will contend with Isaak's shepherds, saying; The waters are to us: and he will call the name of the well Esek; because they strove with him. And they will dig another well, and will strive for that also: and he will call its name Sitnah. And he will remove from thence, and will dig another well; and they strove not for that: and he will call its name Rehoboth; and he will say, For now Jehovah made wide for us, and made us fruitful in the earth.
And he will say to them, Is health to him? and they will say, Health: Behold, Rachel his daughter came with the sheep. And he will say, Behold, yet the day great, not the time of gathering the cattle; water ye the sheep, and go feed.
And he will say to him, Thou. knewest what I served thee, and what was thy cattle with me.
And he set the rods which he stripped, in the flowings of channels of water, when the flock shall come to drink, before the sheep, and they shall be in heat in coming to drink.
And Laban went to shear his sheep; and Rachel will steal the family gods which were to her father.
The torn I brought not to thee; I shall bear the blame of it; from my hand thou will seek it, thefts of the day, and thefts of the night I was in the day, the drought consumed me, and cold in the night, and sleep will flee away from mine eyes.
I was in the day, the drought consumed me, and cold in the night, and sleep will flee away from mine eyes.
And he will say to him, My lord knew that the children are tender, and the sheep and the oxen bringing forth with me, and they overdrive them one day all the flock will die.
And Israel will remove and will extend the tent from afar off to the tower of Edar.
And the days will be multiplied, and the daughter of Shuah, Judah's wife, will die; and Judah will be comforted, and will go up to the shearers of his sheep, he and Hirah his friend the Adullamite, to Timnath.
And saying, Thy servants were men of cattle from our childhood and till now; also we, also our fathers; that ye shall dwell in the land of Goshen; for every shepherd of sheep is an abomination to the Egyptians.
This land of Egypt is before thee; in the best of the land cause thy father and thy brethren to dwell; they shall dwell in the land of Goshen; and if thou knowest and there is among them men of strength, set them leaders of the cattle which are to me.
And his bow will dwell in strength, and the seed of his hands will be firm by the hands of the mighty one of Jacob; from whence the shepherd, the stone of Israel
And to the priest of Midian, seven daughters: and they will come and will draw and fill the watering troughs to water the sheep of their father. And the shepherds will come, and will expel them: and Moses will rise up and help them, and will water their sheep.
And they will say, A man, an Egyptian, delivered us from the hand of the shepherds, and also drawing, drew for us, and watered the sleep.
And all the tenth of cattle and sheep, all which shall pass through under the rod, the tenth shall be holy to Jehovah.
And Samuel will say to Jesse, Are these the whole of the boys? And he will say, The small was yet left, and behold, he fed among the sheep. And Samuel will say to Jesse, Send and take him, for we will not turn about till his coming here.
And Saul will say to his servants, See, now, a man to me being good to play, and bring to me.
And David will say to Saul, Thy servant was feeding for his father among the sheep, and there came the lion and with the bear, and lifted up a sheep from the flock.
And he will take his rod in his hand, and he will choose to him five smooth stones from the torrent, and he will put them in a vessel of the shepherds, which is to him, and in a sack; and his sling in his hand: and he will draw near to him of the rovers.
And a man in Maon and his work in Carmel; and the man very great, and to him three thousand sheep and a thousand goats: and he will be in shearing his sheep in Carmel.
And to those in Hebron, and to all the places where David went about there, he and his men.
And they will take their bones and bury under the tamarisk tree at Jabesh, and they will fast seven days.
And they will come to the entrance of Gedor, even to the sunrising of the valley to seek pasture for their sheep.
And he will build towers in the desert, and hew out many wells: for there were many cattle to him; and in the low country and in the plain; and husbandmen and vine-dressers in the mountains, and in Carmel: for he was loving the earth.
And he built cities in the mountain of Judah, and in the thickets he built fortresses and towers.
And now the younger than I laughed upon me, which I rejected their fathers to set with the dogs of my flock.
He will cause me to lie down in pastures of tender grass: he will lead me to the water of rest
Also if I shall go into the valley of the shadow of death, I shall not be afraid of evil, for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff they will comfort me.
And he will choose in David his servant, and he will take him from the folds of sheep.
To the overseer for the lilies of the testimonies; to Asaph a chanting. O thou feeding Israel, give ear, guiding Joseph as sheep.; thou dwelling in the cherubs, shine forth.
The words of the wise are as goads, and as nails planted of the masters of the gatherings; they were given from one shepherd.
If thou shalt not know for thyself, O fair one among women, come forth for thyself at the heels of the flock, and feed thy kids by the shepherds' tents.
Wo to those decreeing not decrees, and they wrote writings of labor; To turn away the judgment of the powerless, and to strip off judgment of the distressed of my people, for widows to be their plunder, and they will plunder orphans. read more. And what will ye do for the day of reviewing, and for the tempest coming from far off? upon whom will ye flee for help? and where will ye leave your glory? Not to bow under the bound, and they shall fell under the slain; in all this his anger turned not back, and yet his hand stretched out Wo to Assur the rod of mine anger, and that rod in their hand, my wrath. Against a polluted nation will I send him, and upon a people of my outpouring will I command him to spoil a spoil and to plunder a plunder, and to set them a treading down as the clay of the streets. And he will not thus purpose, and his heart will not reckon thus; for in his heart to destroy and to cut off nations not few. For he will say, Are not my chiefs united together kings? Is not as Carchemish, Calno? if not as Arpad, Hamath? if not as Damascus, Shomeron? As my hand found for the kingdoms of nothing, and their carved images from Jerusalem and from Shomeron; Is it not according to what I did to Shomeron and to her nothings, thus will I do to Jerusalem and to her images? And it was when the Lord will complete all his work upon mount Zion and upon Jerusalem, I will review upon the fruit of the great heart of the king of Assur and upon the glory of his eyes lifted up. For he said, By strength of my hand I did, and by my wisdom, for I was discreet: and I will remove the bounds of the people, and their things prepared I plundered, and I will bring down as a strong one the inhabitants. And my hand will find as a nest for the strength of the peoples: and as he gathering eggs left, I gathered all the land; and there was not moving the wing, and opening wide the mouth, and peeping. Shall the axe vaunt itself against him hewing with it? shall the saw magnify itself against him moving it up and down? as the rod moving up and down with those lifting it up; as the lifting up of the rod not wood. For this shall Jehovah, the Lord of armies send among his fatnesses leanness; and under his glory he shall burn a burning as the burning of fire. And the light of Israel was for a fire, and his Holy for a flame: and he burnt and consumed his thorns, and his sharp points in one day: And the glory of his forest and his Carmel, from the soul and even to the flesh, he shall finish, and it was as he fainting pined away. And the remainder of the wood of his forest shall be of number, and a boy shall write them. And it was in that day the remainder of Israel shall no more add, and the escaping of the house of Jacob, to lean upon him smiting them; and were leaning upon Jehovah the holy of Israel in truth. The remainder shall turn back the remainder of Jacob to the mighty God. For if my people Israel shall be as the sand of the sea, the remnant shall turn back among them: a consumption decided overflowing justice. For the Lord Jehovah of armies made a completion, and decided it in the midst of all the land. For this, thus said the Lord Jehovah of armies, Thou my people dwelling in Zion shalt not fear from Assur: with the rod he shall strike thee and he will lift up his rod upon thee, in the way of Egypt.
For thus spake Jehovah to me, As the lion shall growl, and the young lion over his prey, when a fulness of shepherds shall be called against him, from their voice shall he not be terrified, and shall not he be humbled from their noise: thus shalt Jehovah of armies come down to war from mount Zion and for its hill.
Mine age removed, and was carried away from me as a shepherd's tent: I rolled together as a weaver my life: from the thread he will cut me off: from the day even to the night thou wilt finish me.
As a shepherd he will feed his flock: with his arm he will gather the lambs, and will lift up into his bosom, he will lead those coming up.
As a shepherd he will feed his flock: with his arm he will gather the lambs, and will lift up into his bosom, he will lead those coming up. Who measured the water in his palm, and measured the heavens with a span, and held the dust of the earth in a third, and weighed the mountains in a balance and the bills in scales? read more. Who measured the spirit of Jehovah? and will a man of his counsel make him to know? With whom did he consult, and will he cause him to understand and teach him in the path of judgment, and teach him knowledge, and cause him to know the way of understanding? Behold, the nations as a drop from a bucket; they were reckoned as the fine dust of the scales: behold, he will cast down the isles as small dust And Lebanon not enough to burn, and its beasts not enough for a burnt-offering. All the nations as nothing before him; they were reckoned to him from nothing, and vanity. And to whom will ye liken God? what likeness will ye compare to him? The artificer cast the carved image, and the founder will spread it out with gold, and he smelted chains of silver. And he being poor of oblation will choose wood that will not be rotten; he will seek to him a wise artificer to prepare a carved image that will not shake. Will ye not know? will ye not hear? was it not announced to you from the beginning? did ye not understand from the foundations of the earth? He sitting upon the circle of the earth, and its inhabitants as locusts; he stretching out the heavens as fine cloth, and he will extend them as a tent to dwell in: He gave princes to nothing; he made the judges of the earth as vanity. Also they were not planted: also they were not sown: also their stock took not root in the earth: and he also blew upon them and they will be dried up, and the storm will lift them up as straw. And to whom will ye liken me, and shall I be equal? will say the Holy One. Lift up your eyes on high, and see who created these, bringing forth their army by number: he will call to all of them by name, from the multitude of their strength; and he is strong of power; a man was not wanting. For what wilt thou say, O Jacob, and wilt thou speak, O Israel, My way was hid from Jehovah, and my judgment will pass over from my God. Didst thou not know? heardest thou not the eternal God, Jehovah, creating the extremities of the earth, will not faint, and will not be weary? no searching to his understanding. He gave power to the faint; and to the not strong he will increase strength.
Saying to Cyrus, My shepherd, and he shall complete all my delight: and saying to Jerusalem, Thou shalt be built; and the temple shall be founded.
To say to the bound, Go forth; to those in darkness, Uncover yourselves. They shall feed upon the ways, and in all naked hills their pastures. They shall not hunger and they shall not thirst, and the heat shall not strike them, and the sun: for he pitying them shall lead them, and to fountains of water he shall conduct them.
The priests said not Where is Jehovah? and they holding the law knew me not: and the shepherds transgressed against me, and the prophets prophesied by Baal, and they went After what will not profit
And I gave to you shepherds according to my heart, and they fed you with knowledge and understanding.
To her shall come the shepherds and their flocks; they fixed the tents upon her round about; they fed each with his hand.
And I will gather the remnant of my flock from all the lands where I thrust them away there, and I turned them back to their rests, and they were fruitful and multiplied. And I set up shepherds over them, and they fed them; and they shall no more fear, and they shall not be terrified, and they shall not be reviewed, says Jehovah.
In the cities of the mountain, in the cities of the low country, and in the cities of the south, and in the land of Benjamin, and in round about Jerusalem, and in the cities of Judah, shall the sheep yet pass through upon the hand of him numbering, said Jehovah.
And I kindled a fire in the houses of the gods of Egypt, and he burnt them and carried them away captive: and he covered himself with the land of Egypt as the shepherd will cover himself with his garment; and he will go forth from thence in peace.
And I caused you to pass under the rod I brought you into the bond of the covenant
For this, behold me giving thee to the sons of the east for a possession, and they set their fortress in thee and in thee they gave their dwelling, they shall eat thy fruit, and they shall drink thy milk.
Son of man, prophesy against the shepherds of Israel, prophesy, and say to them, To the shepherds, thus said the Lord Jehovah: Wo! to the shepherds of Israel who were feeding themselves: shall not the shepherds feed the sheep?
For thus said the Lord Jehovah: Behold me. I also sought my sheep, and I searched them out. According to the seeking of the shepherd of his flock in the day of his being in the midst of his sheep being scattered.; so will I search out my sheep and deliver them from all places where they were scattered there in the day of cloud and darkness.
According to the seeking of the shepherd of his flock in the day of his being in the midst of his sheep being scattered.; so will I search out my sheep and deliver them from all places where they were scattered there in the day of cloud and darkness.
And I raised up one shepherd over them, and he fed them, my servant David; he shall feed them and he shall be to them for shepherd.
The words of Amos who was among the shepherds of Tekoa, which he saw concerning Israel in the days of Uzziah king of Judah, in the days of Jeroboam son of Joash king of Israel, two years before the shaking.
Thus said Jehovah: As the shepherd will deliver from the mouth of the lion two legs, and part of an ear, thus shall the sons of Israel be delivered dwelling in Shomeron in the extremity of a tribe, or in Damascus under a roof.
And Amos will answer and say to Amaziah, I am no prophet, and I not the son of a prophet; for I a herdsman, and gathering figs of the sycamores.
And Amos will answer and say to Amaziah, I am no prophet, and I not the son of a prophet; for I a herdsman, and gathering figs of the sycamores.
And thou, O tower of the flock, hill of the daughter of Zion, even to thee shall it come, and the first dominion: came the kingdom to the daughter of Jerusalem.
And this was peace, for Assur shall come up into our land: and when he shall tread in our palaces and we raised against him seven shepherds, and eight anointed men.
Feed my people with thy rod, the sheep of thine inheritance dwelling by themselves in the forest, in the midst of Carmel: they shall feed Bashan and Gilead as the days of old.
Thy shepherds slumbered, O king of Assur: thy chiefs will lie down: thy people breathed upon the mountains, and none gathering.
And the region of the sea was a dwelling, and a cutting off of the shepherds and sheepfolds.
And I will feed the flock of slaughter for you, and the poor of the sheep: And I will take to me two rods; to the one I called Beauty, and to the one, I called Cords; and I will feed the sheep.
O sword, be raised up against my shepherd, and against the man of my fellowship, says Jehovah of armies: strike the shepherd and the sheep shall be scattered; and I turned back my hand upon the little ones.
And with many such parables spake he the word to them, as they were able to hear.
And he said to them, Come ye yourselves apart to a desert place, and rest a little: for many were coming and returning, and neither had they leisure to eat.
I feel compassion for the crowd, for already they remain three days with me, and have nothing they might eat:
And shepherds were in the country, sleeping in the fields, and watching over their flock the watches of the night.
And shepherds were in the country, sleeping in the fields, and watching over their flock the watches of the night.
What man of you, having one hundred. sheep, and having lost one of them, leaves not the ninety-nine in the desert, and goes for the one lost, till he find it
And he eagerly desired to fill his belly with the fruits of the horntree which the swine ate: and none gave to him.
To him the guard of the door opens; and the sheep hear his voice : and he calls his own sheep by name, and leads them out. And when he would put forth his own sheep, he goes before them, and the sheep follow him: for they know his voice.
I am the good shepherd: the good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep. But the hired one, and not being the shepherd, whose own the sheep are not, sees the wolf coming, and he leaves the sheep, and flees: and the wolf plunders them, and scatters the sheep. read more. The hired flees, because he is hired, and no care is to him for the sheep. I am the good shepherd, and I know mine, and am known by mine.
And I give them eternal life; and they shall never perish, and no one shall snatch them out of my hand. My Father, who has given to me, is greater than all; . and no one can snatch them out of my Father's hand.
I have yet many things to say to you, but ye cannot bear them now.
And I am no more in the world, and these are in the world, and I come to thee. O holy Father, keep them in thy name whom thou but given me, that they might be one, as we. When I was with them in the world, I kept them in thy name: those thou hast given me I watched, and not one of them perished, except the son of perdition; that the writing might be completed.
That the word might be completed which he spake, That whom thou hast given me, I lost none of them.
And the God of peace, having brought up from the dead, the great Shepherd of the sheep, in the blood of the eternal covenant, our Lord Jesus Christ,
Hastings
Morish
A person's wealth in the East frequently consisted of flocks, the shepherd therefore held an important and honourable position. David was a keeper of sheep. Joseph instructed his brethren to tell Pharaoh that they were shepherds, and they asked permission to dwell in Goshen, for every shepherd was an abomination to the Egyptians. This is supposed to have been caused by some 'shepherd-kings' having usurped authority over Egypt. The difficulties and hardships of a shepherd's life in the East may be gathered from what Jacob passed through during the time he was with Laban. Ge 31:39-40.
The sheep following the shepherd is a sight often witnessed in the East, and that each sheep has a name and knows the shepherd's voice, has been tested and proved again and again. All this is beautifully typical of the relation of Jehovah to Israel and of Christ to the church. The sheep of Christ know the good Shepherd's voice, and find salvation, liberty, and pasture in following the One who leads. The good Shepherd gives them eternal life, having given His life for the sheep. Christ is called the great Shepherd, for the work which He accomplished could have been done only by One who was Himself God, though become man to work out redemption.
In the church there are those who by reason of gift are called pastors, to feed and shepherd the sheep; but Christ is the chief Shepherd, who is over all, whose own the sheep are, and who has given His word that they shall never perish. Ps. 23; Zec 13:7; Joh 10:2-16; Heb 13:20; 1Pe 5:4; etc.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
The torn I brought not to thee; I shall bear the blame of it; from my hand thou will seek it, thefts of the day, and thefts of the night I was in the day, the drought consumed me, and cold in the night, and sleep will flee away from mine eyes.
O sword, be raised up against my shepherd, and against the man of my fellowship, says Jehovah of armies: strike the shepherd and the sheep shall be scattered; and I turned back my hand upon the little ones.
And he coming in through the door is the shepherd of the sheep. To him the guard of the door opens; and the sheep hear his voice : and he calls his own sheep by name, and leads them out. read more. And when he would put forth his own sheep, he goes before them, and the sheep follow him: for they know his voice. And a stranger they would not follow, but they will flee from him : for they know not the voice of strangers. This proverb spake Jesus to then: and they knew not what things they were which he spake th them. Then said Jesus again to them, Truly, truly, I say to you, That I am the door of the sheep. All who came before me are thieves and robbers: but the sheep heard them not. I am the door: if any come in through me, he shall be saved, and he shall me in, and go out, and find pasture. The thief comes not, except that he steal, and sacrifice, and destroy: I came that they might have life, and have above measure. I am the good shepherd: the good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep. But the hired one, and not being the shepherd, whose own the sheep are not, sees the wolf coming, and he leaves the sheep, and flees: and the wolf plunders them, and scatters the sheep. The hired flees, because he is hired, and no care is to him for the sheep. I am the good shepherd, and I know mine, and am known by mine. As the Father knows me, I also know the Father: and I lay down my life for the sheep. And I have, other sheep, which are not of this court-yard: and I must also bring them, and they shall hear my voice; and there shall be one flock, and one shepherd.
And the God of peace, having brought up from the dead, the great Shepherd of the sheep, in the blood of the eternal covenant, our Lord Jesus Christ,
Smith
Shepherd.
In a nomadic state of society every man, from the sheikh down to the slave, is more or less a shepherd. The progenitors of the Jews in the patriarchal age were nomads, and their history is rich in scenes of pastoral life. The occupation of tending the flocks was undertaken,not only by the sons of wealthy chiefs,
ff.; Gene 37:12 ff., but even by their daughters.
The Egyptian captivity did march to implant a love of settled abode, and consequently we find the tribes which still retained a taste for shepherd life selecting their own quarters apart from their brethren in the transjordanic district.
ff. Thenceforward in Palestine proper the shepherd held a subordinate position. The office of the eastern shepherd, as described in the Bible, was attended with much hardship, and even danger. He was exposed to the extremes of heat and cold,
his food frequently consisted of the precarious supplies afforded by nature, such as the fruit of the "sycamore" or Egyptian fig,
the "husks" of the carob tree,
Lu 15:16
and perchance the locusts and wild honey which supported the Baptist,
he had to encounter the attacks of wild beasts, occasionally of the larger species, such as lions, nerves, panthers and bears,
1Sa 17:34; Isa 31:4; Jer 5:6; Am 5:12
nor was he free from the risk of robbers or predators hordes.
To meet these various foes the shepherd's equipment consisted of the following articles: a mantle, made probably of sheep skin with the fleece on, which he turned inside out in cold weather, as implied in the comparison in
(cf. Juv. xiv. 187.); a scrip or wallet, containing a small amount of food
a sling, which is still the favorite weapon of the Bedouin shepherd,
and lastly, a which served the double purpose of a weapon against foes and a crook for the management of the flock.
If the shepherd was at a distance from his home, he was provided with a light tent,
the removal of which was easily effected.
In certain localities, moreover, towers were erected for the double purpose of spying an enemy at a distance and of protecting the flock; such towers were erected by Uzziah and Jotham,
while their existence in earlier times is testified by the name Migdal-edar
Authorized Version "a tower of Edar;"
Authorized Version "tower of the flock." The routine of the shepherd's duties appears to have been as follows: In the morning he led forth his flock from the fold
Joh 10:4
which he did by going before them and calling to them, as is still usual in the East; arrived at the pasturage he watched the flock with the assistance of dogs,
and should any sheep stray, he had to search for it until he found it,
Eze 34:12; Lu 15:4
he supplied them with water, either at a running stream or at troughs attached to wells,
Ge 29:7; 30:38; Ex 2:16; Ps 23:2
at evening he brought them back to the fold, and reckoned them to see that none were missing, by passing them "under the rod" as they entered the door of the enclosure
checking each sheep, as it passed, by a motion of the hand,
and, finally, he watched the entrance of the fold throughout the night, acting as porter.
Joh 10:3
[See Sheepfold, under SHEEP] The shepherd's office thus required great watchfulness, particularly by night.
See Sheep
Lu 2:8
cf. Nahu 3:18 It also required tenderness toward the young and feeble,
particularly in driving them to and from the pasturage.
In large establishments there are various grades of shepherds, the highest being styled "rulers,"
or "chief shepherds,"
in a royal household the title of abbir "mighty," was bestowed on the person who held the post.
[SHEEP]
See Sheep
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And he will say to them, Is health to him? and they will say, Health: Behold, Rachel his daughter came with the sheep. And he will say, Behold, yet the day great, not the time of gathering the cattle; water ye the sheep, and go feed. read more. And they will say, We shall not be able, till that all the flocks shall be gathered together, and they roll the stone from the mouth of the well; and we water the sheep.
And he will say to him, Thou. knewest what I served thee, and what was thy cattle with me.
And he set the rods which he stripped, in the flowings of channels of water, when the flock shall come to drink, before the sheep, and they shall be in heat in coming to drink.
The torn I brought not to thee; I shall bear the blame of it; from my hand thou will seek it, thefts of the day, and thefts of the night I was in the day, the drought consumed me, and cold in the night, and sleep will flee away from mine eyes.
And he will say to him, My lord knew that the children are tender, and the sheep and the oxen bringing forth with me, and they overdrive them one day all the flock will die.
This land of Egypt is before thee; in the best of the land cause thy father and thy brethren to dwell; they shall dwell in the land of Goshen; and if thou knowest and there is among them men of strength, set them leaders of the cattle which are to me.
And the child will become great, and she will bring him to Pharaoh's daughter, and he will be to her for a son. And she will call his name Moses; and she will say, Because I drew him out of the water.
And to the priest of Midian, seven daughters: and they will come and will draw and fill the watering troughs to water the sheep of their father.
And much cattle was to the sons of Reuben and to the sons of Gad exceedingly strong: and they will see the land of Jazer and the land of Gilead, and behold, the place a place of cattle.
And David will say to Saul, Thy servant was feeding for his father among the sheep, and there came the lion and with the bear, and lifted up a sheep from the flock.
And he will take his rod in his hand, and he will choose to him five smooth stones from the torrent, and he will put them in a vessel of the shepherds, which is to him, and in a sack; and his sling in his hand: and he will draw near to him of the rovers.
And he will take his rod in his hand, and he will choose to him five smooth stones from the torrent, and he will put them in a vessel of the shepherds, which is to him, and in a sack; and his sling in his hand: and he will draw near to him of the rovers.
And he will take his rod in his hand, and he will choose to him five smooth stones from the torrent, and he will put them in a vessel of the shepherds, which is to him, and in a sack; and his sling in his hand: and he will draw near to him of the rovers.
And a man there from the servants of Saul in that day, withheld before Jehovah; and his name Doeg, the Edomite, a powerful one of the shepherds which were to Saul.
And he will build towers in the desert, and hew out many wells: for there were many cattle to him; and in the low country and in the plain; and husbandmen and vine-dressers in the mountains, and in Carmel: for he was loving the earth.
And he built cities in the mountain of Judah, and in the thickets he built fortresses and towers.
And now the younger than I laughed upon me, which I rejected their fathers to set with the dogs of my flock.
He will cause me to lie down in pastures of tender grass: he will lead me to the water of rest
Also if I shall go into the valley of the shadow of death, I shall not be afraid of evil, for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff they will comfort me.
If thou shalt not know for thyself, O fair one among women, come forth for thyself at the heels of the flock, and feed thy kids by the shepherds' tents.
For thus spake Jehovah to me, As the lion shall growl, and the young lion over his prey, when a fulness of shepherds shall be called against him, from their voice shall he not be terrified, and shall not he be humbled from their noise: thus shalt Jehovah of armies come down to war from mount Zion and for its hill.
Mine age removed, and was carried away from me as a shepherd's tent: I rolled together as a weaver my life: from the thread he will cut me off: from the day even to the night thou wilt finish me.
As a shepherd he will feed his flock: with his arm he will gather the lambs, and will lift up into his bosom, he will lead those coming up.
For this, a lion from the forest struck them, a wolf of the deserts will destroy them, the panther watched over their cities: every one going forth from thence shall be torn in pieces; for their transgressions were multiplied, their turnings away were strong.
In the cities of the mountain, in the cities of the low country, and in the cities of the south, and in the land of Benjamin, and in round about Jerusalem, and in the cities of Judah, shall the sheep yet pass through upon the hand of him numbering, said Jehovah.
And ye shall not build a house, and ye shall not sow seed, and ye shall not plant a vineyard, and it shall not be, to you: for in tents shall ye dwell all your days, so that ye shall live many days upon the face of the earth where ye are strangers there.
And I kindled a fire in the houses of the gods of Egypt, and he burnt them and carried them away captive: and he covered himself with the land of Egypt as the shepherd will cover himself with his garment; and he will go forth from thence in peace.
And I caused you to pass under the rod I brought you into the bond of the covenant
According to the seeking of the shepherd of his flock in the day of his being in the midst of his sheep being scattered.; so will I search out my sheep and deliver them from all places where they were scattered there in the day of cloud and darkness.
For I knew your many transgressions, and your strong sins: pressing upon the just, taking a ransom, and they turned away the needy in the gate
And Amos will answer and say to Amaziah, I am no prophet, and I not the son of a prophet; for I a herdsman, and gathering figs of the sycamores.
And thou, O tower of the flock, hill of the daughter of Zion, even to thee shall it come, and the first dominion: came the kingdom to the daughter of Jerusalem.
And I will feed the flock of slaughter for you, and the poor of the sheep: And I will take to me two rods; to the one I called Beauty, and to the one, I called Cords; and I will feed the sheep.
And this John had his garment from camel's hair, and a leather girdle about his loins, and his food was locusts and wild honey.
And shepherds were in the country, sleeping in the fields, and watching over their flock the watches of the night.
What man of you, having one hundred. sheep, and having lost one of them, leaves not the ninety-nine in the desert, and goes for the one lost, till he find it
And he eagerly desired to fill his belly with the fruits of the horntree which the swine ate: and none gave to him.
To him the guard of the door opens; and the sheep hear his voice : and he calls his own sheep by name, and leads them out. And when he would put forth his own sheep, he goes before them, and the sheep follow him: for they know his voice.
And the chief Shepherd having been manifested, ye shall be attired with an unfading crown of glory.