Reference: Corinthians, First Epistle to The
Easton
was written from Ephesus (1Co 16:8) about the time of the Passover in the third year of the apostle's sojourn there (Ac 19:10; 20:31), and when he had formed the purpose to visit Macedonia, and then return to Corinth (probably A.D. 57).
The news which had reached him, however, from Corinth frustrated his plan. He had heard of the abuses and contentions that had arisen among them, first from Apollos (Ac 19:1), and then from a letter they had written him on the subject, and also from some of the "household of Chloe," and from Stephanas and his two friends who had visited him (1Co 1:11; 16:17). Paul thereupon wrote this letter, for the purpose of checking the factious spirit and correcting the erroneous opinions that had sprung up among them, and remedying the many abuses and disorderly practices that prevailed. Titus and a brother whose name is not given were probably the bearers of the letter (2Co 2:13; 8:6,16-18).
The epistle may be divided into four parts:
(1.) The apostle deals with the subject of the lamentable divisions and party strifes that had arisen among them (1-4).
(2.) He next treats of certain cases of immorality that had become notorious among them. They had apparently set at nought the very first principles of morality (5; 6).
(3.) In the third part he discusses various questions of doctrine and of Christian ethics in reply to certain communications they had made to him. He especially rectifies certain flagrant abuses regarding the celebration of the Lord's supper (7-14).
(4.) The concluding part (15; 16) contains an elaborate defense of the doctrine of the resurrection of the dead, which had been called in question by some among them, followed by some general instructions, intimations, and greetings.
This epistle "shows the powerful self-control of the apostle in spite of his physical weakness, his distressed circumstances, his incessant troubles, and his emotional nature. It was written, he tells us, in bitter anguish, 'out of much affliction and pressure of heart...and with streaming eyes' (2Co 2:4); yet he restrained the expression of his feelings, and wrote with a dignity and holy calm which he thought most calculated to win back his erring children. It gives a vivid picture of the early church...It entirely dissipates the dream that the apostolic church was in an exceptional condition of holiness of life or purity of doctrine." The apostle in this epistle unfolds and applies great principles fitted to guide the church of all ages in dealing with the same and kindred evils in whatever form they may appear.
This is one of the epistles the authenticity of which has never been called in question by critics of any school, so many and so conclusive are the evidences of its Pauline origin.
The subscription to this epistle states erroneously in the Authorized Version that it was written at Philippi. This error arose from a mistranslation of 1Co 16:5, "For I do pass through Macedonia," which was interpreted as meaning, "I am passing through Macedonia." In 1Co 16:8 he declares his intention of remaining some time longer in Ephesus. After that, his purpose is to "pass through Macedonia."
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While Apollos was at Corinth, Paul passed through the inland districts of Roman Asia, and went to Ephesus. There he found some disciples, of whom he asked:
This went on for two years, so that all who lived in Roman Asia, Jews and Greeks alike, heard the Lord's Message.
Therefore, be on your guard, remembering how for three years, night and day, I never ceased, even with tears, to warn each one of you.
For I have been informed, my Brothers, by the members of Chloe's household, that party feeling exists among you.
I will come to you as soon as I have been through Macedonia- -for I am going through Macedonia-
I intend, however, staying at Ephesus till the Festival at the close of the Harvest;
I intend, however, staying at Ephesus till the Festival at the close of the Harvest;
I am glad Stephanas and Fortunatus and Achaicus have come, for they have made up for your absence;
I wrote to you in sore trouble and distress of heart and with many tears, not to give you pain, but to let you see how intense a love I have for you.
I could get no peace of mind because I failed to find Titus, my Brother; so I took leave of the people there, and went on to Macedonia.
And this led us to urge upon Titus that, as he had started the work for you, he should also see to the completion of this expression of your love.
I thank God for inspiring Titus with the same keen interest in your welfare that I have; For Titus has responded to my appeals and, in his great earnestness, is starting to go to you of his own accord. read more. We are sending with him the Brother whose fame in the service of the Good News has spread through all the Churches;
Hastings
CORINTHIANS, FIRST EPISTLE TO THE
1. Occasion of the Epistle.
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And every one that listens to this teaching of mine and does not act upon it may be compared to a foolish man, who built his house on the sand.
For he taught them like one who had authority, and not like their Teachers of the Law.
I tell you, no one born of a woman has yet appeared who is greater than John the Baptist; and yet the lowliest in the Kingdom of Heaven is greater than he.
"It is not every one," replied Jesus, "who can accept this teaching, but only those who have been enabled to do so.
They also appointed Officers for them in every Church, and, after prayer and fasting, commended them to the Lord in whom they had learned to believe.
That you abstain from food offered to idols, from blood, from eating the flesh of strangled animals, and from impurity. If you guard yourselves against such things, it will be well with you. Farewell.'
Among them was a woman, named Lydia, belonging to Thyatira, a dealer in purple cloth, who was accustomed to join in the worship of God. The Lord touched this woman's heart, so that she gave attention to the Message delivered by Paul,
But, when Silas and Timothy had come down from Macedonia, Paul devoted himself entirely to delivering the Message, earnestly maintaining before the Jews that Jesus was the Christ.
Crispus, the President of the Synagogue, came to believe in the Lord, and so did all his household; and many of the Corinthians, as they listened to Paul, became believers in Christ and were baptized.
Then they all set upon Sosthenes, the President of the Synagogue, and beat him in front of the Bench, but Gallio did not trouble himself about any of these things.
Meanwhile there had come to Ephesus an Alexandrian Jew, named Apollos, an eloquent man, who was well-versed in the Scriptures.
He was about to sail to Syria, when he learned that a plot had been laid against him by the Jews; so he decided to return by way of Macedonia.
He was about to sail to Syria, when he learned that a plot had been laid against him by the Jews; so he decided to return by way of Macedonia.
While we ourselves sailed from Philippi after the Passover, and joined them five days later at Troas, where we stayed for a week.
From Miletus, however, he sent to Ephesus and invited the Officers of the Church to meet him;
He had four unmarried daughters, who had the gift of prophecy.
What are we to say, then? Are we to continue to sin, in order that God's loving-kindness may be multiplied?
In fulfillment of the charge with which I have been entrusted, I bid every one of you not to think more highly of himself than he ought to think, but to think till he learns to think soberly--in accordance with the measure of faith that God has allotted to each.
Timothy, my fellow-worker, sends you his greetings, and Lucius, Jason, and Sosipater, my countrymen, send theirs.
For I have been informed, my Brothers, by the members of Chloe's household, that party feeling exists among you. I mean this, that every one of you says either 'I follow Paul,' or 'I Apollos,' or 'I Kephas,' or 'I Christ.'
I mean this, that every one of you says either 'I follow Paul,' or 'I Apollos,' or 'I Kephas,' or 'I Christ.' You have rent the Christ in pieces! Was it Paul who was crucified for you? or were you baptized into the Faith of Paul?
My mission from Christ was not to baptize, but to tell the Good News; not, however, in the language of philosophy, lest the cross of the Christ should be robbed of its meaning.
Where is the Philosopher? where the Teacher of the Law? where the Disputant of to-day? Has not God shown the world's philosophy to be folly?
Where is the Philosopher? where the Teacher of the Law? where the Disputant of to-day? Has not God shown the world's philosophy to be folly?
We are proclaiming Christ crucified!-to the Jews an obstacle, to the Gentiles mere folly,
We are proclaiming Christ crucified!-to the Jews an obstacle, to the Gentiles mere folly,
Look at the facts of your Call, Brothers. There are not many among you who are wise, as men reckon wisdom, not many who are influential, not many who are high-born;
For my own part, Brothers, when I came to you, it was with no display of eloquence or philosophy that I came to tell the hidden purpose of God;
Yet there is a philosophy that we teach to those whose faith is matured, but it is not the philosophy of to-day, nor that of the leaders of to-day-men whose downfall is at hand.
And we speak of these gifts, not in language taught by human philosophy, but in language taught by the Spirit, explaining spiritual things in spiritual words.
But you are Christ's and Christ is God's.
All this, Brothers, I have, for your sakes, applied to Apollos and myself, so that, from our example, you may learn to observe the precept-'Keep to what is written,' that none of you may speak boastfully of one teacher to the disparagement of another.
We meet slander with gentle appeals. We have been treated as the scum of the earth, the vilest of the vile, to this very hour.
To deliver such a man as this over to Satan, that what is sensual in him may be destroyed, so that his spirit may be saved at the Day of the Lord.
I told you, in my letter, not to associate with immoral people- - Not, of course, meaning men of the world who are in immoral, or who are covetous and grasping, or who worship idols; for then you would have to leave the world altogether.
What have I to do with judging those outside the Church? Is it not for you to judge those who are within the Church,
Can it be that, when one of you has a dispute with another, he dares to have his case tried before the heathen, instead of before Christ's People? Do not you know that Christ's People will try the world? And if the world is to be tried by you, are you unfit to try the most trivial cases?
Do not you know that Christ's People will try the world? And if the world is to be tried by you, are you unfit to try the most trivial cases? Do not you know that we are to try angels-to say nothing of the affairs of this life? read more. Why, then, if you have cases relating to the affairs of this life, do you set to try them men who carry no weight with the Church? To your shame I ask it. Can it be that there is not one man among you wise enough to decide between two of his Brothers? Must Brother go to law with Brother, and that, too, before unbelievers? To begin with, it is undoubtedly a loss to you to have lawsuits with one another. Why not rather let yourselves be wronged? Why not rather let yourselves be cheated? Instead of this, you wrong and cheat others yourselves-yes, even your Brothers!
Such some of you used to be; but you washed yourselves clean. You became Christ's People! you were pronounced righteous through the Name of our Lord Jesus Christ, and through the Spirit of our God! Everything is allowable for me! Yes, but everything is not profitable. Everything is allowable for me! Yes, but for my part, I will not let myself be enslaved by anything.
Everything is allowable for me! Yes, but everything is not profitable. Everything is allowable for me! Yes, but for my part, I will not let myself be enslaved by anything. Food exists for the stomach, and the stomach for food; but God will put an end to both the one and the other. The body, however, exists, not for immorality, but for the Lord, and the Lord for the body; read more. And, as God has raised the Lord, so he will raise up us also by the exercise of his power. Do not you know that your bodies are Christ's members? Am I, then, to take the members that belong to the Christ and make them the members of a prostitute? Heaven forbid!
Do not you know that your bodies are Christ's members? Am I, then, to take the members that belong to the Christ and make them the members of a prostitute? Heaven forbid! Or do not you know that a man who unites himself with a prostitute is one with her in body (for 'the two,' it is said, 'will become one'); read more. While a man who is united with the Lord is one with him in spirit? Shun all immorality. Every other sin that men commit is something outside the body; but an immoral man sins against his own body. Again, do not you know that your body is a shrine of the Holy Spirit that is within you-the Spirit which you have from God? Moreover, you are not your own masters; you were bought, and the price was paid. Therefore, honor God in your bodies.
With reference to the subjects about which you wrote to me: It would be well for a man to remain single.
To those who are married my direction is-yet it is not mine, but the Master's-that a woman is not to leave her husband
With regard to unmarried women, I have no command from the Master to give you, but I tell you my opinion, and it is that of a man whom the Master in his mercy has made worthy to be trusted.
Yet she will be happier if she remains as she is-in my opinion, for I think that I also have the Spirit of God.
With reference to food that has been offered in sacrifice to idols-We are aware that all of us have knowledge! Knowledge breeds conceit, while love builds up character.
For if some one should see you who possess this knowledge, feasting in an idol's temple, will not his conscience, if he is a weak man, become so hardened that he, too, will eat food offered to idols? And so, through this knowledge of yours, the weak man is ruined-your Brother for whose sake Christ died! read more. In this way, by sinning against your Brothers and injuring their consciences, while still weak, you sin against Christ. Therefore, if what I eat makes my Brother fall, rather than make my Brother fall, I will never eat meat again.
Am I not free? Am I not an Apostle? Have I not seen our Lord Jesus? Are not you yourselves my work achieved in union with the Lord?
Have not we a right to take a wife with us, if she is a Christian, as the other Apostles and the Master's brothers and Kephas all do?
Does any one ever serve as a soldier at his own expense? Does any one plant a vineyard and not eat its produce? Or does any one look after a herd and not drink the milk?
If others share in this right over you, do not we even more? Still we did not avail ourselves of this right. No, we endure anything rather than impede the progress of the Good News of the Christ.
So, too, the Master has appointed that those who tell the Good News should get their living from the Good News.
What is my reward, then? To present the Good News free of all cost, and so make but a sparing use of the rights which it gives me.
Do not you know that on a race-course, though all run, yet only one wins the prize? Run in such a way that you may win.
I want you to bear in mind, Brothers, that all our ancestors were beneath the cloud, and all passed through the sea;
and all drank the same supernatural water, for they used to drink from a supernatural rock which followed them, and that rock was the Christ.
No temptation has come upon you that is not common to all mankind. God will not fail you, and he will not allow you to be tempted beyond your strength; but, when he sends the temptation, he will also provide the way of escape, so that you may have strength to endure. Therefore, my dear friends, shun the worship of idols.
Imitate me, as I myself imitate Christ.
Imitate me, as I myself imitate Christ. I praise you, indeed, because you never forget me, and are keeping my injunctions in mind, exactly as I laid them upon you.
While any woman, who prays or preaches in public bare-headed, dishonors him who is her Head; for that is to make herself like one of the shameless women who shave their heads.
And, therefore, a woman ought to wear on her head a symbol of her subjection, because of the presence of the angels.
When you meet together, as I understand, it is not possible to eat the Lord's Supper;
For I myself received from the Lord the account which I have in turn given to you-how the Lord Jesus, on the very night of his betrayal, took some bread,
You know that there was a time when you were Gentiles, going astray after idols that could not speak, just as you happened to be led.
In the Church God has appointed, first, Apostles, secondly Preachers, thirdly Teachers; then he has given supernatural powers, then power to cure diseases, aptness for helping others, capacity to govern, varieties of the gift of 'tongues.'
At the meetings of the Church married women should remain silent, for they are not allowed to speak in public; they should take a subordinate place, as the Law itself directs. If they want information on any point, they should ask their husbands about it at home; for it is unbecoming for a married woman to speak at a meeting of the Church.
Let everything be done in a proper and orderly manner.
That he was buried, that on the third day he was raised (as the Scriptures had foretold),
Now, if it is proclaimed of Christ that he has been raised from the dead, how is it that some of you say that there is no such thing as a resurrection of the dead?
With reference to the Collection for Christ's People, I want you to follow the instructions that I gave to the Churches in Galatia.
And I shall probably make some stay with you or, perhaps, remain for the winter, so that you may yourselves send me on my way, wherever I may be going.
With this conviction in my mind, I planned to come to see you first, so that your pleasure might be doubled--
But, as my life shall answer for it, I call God to witness that it was to spare you that I deferred my visit to Corinth.
But their minds were slow to learn. Indeed, to this very day, at the public reading of the Old Covenant, the same veil remains unlifted; only for those who are in union with Christ does it pass away.
So, then, even though I did write to you, it was not for the sake of the wrong-doer, or of the man who was wronged, but to make you conscious, in the sight of God, of your own earnest care for us. And it is this that has encouraged us.
I am only making suggestions on this matter; for this is the best course for you, since you were a year before others, not only in taking action, but also in showing your readiness to do so.
I know, of course, your willingness to help, and I am always boasting of it to the Macedonians. I tell them that you in Greece have been ready for a year past; and it was really your zeal that stimulated most of them.
You look at the outward appearance of things! Let any one, who is confident that he belongs to Christ, reflect, for himself, again upon the fact--that we belong to Christ no less than he does.
For the third time I am coming to see you. 'By the word of two or three witnesses each statement shall be established.'
For a man is the Head of his wife, as the Christ is the Head of the Church--being indeed himself the Savior of his Body.
For a man is the Head of his wife, as the Christ is the Head of the Church--being indeed himself the Savior of his Body.
To all Christ's People at Philippi, with the Presiding Officers and Assistants, from Paul and Timothy, servants of Christ Jesus.
From Paul, an Apostle of Christ Jesus, by the will of God, and from Timothy, our Brother.
That was why we made up our minds to go and see you--at least I, Paul, did, more than once--but Satan put difficulties in our way.
Hymenaeus and Alexander are instances--the men whom I delivered over to Satan, that they might be taught not to blaspheme.
I do not consent to a woman's becoming a teacher, or exercising authority over a man; she ought to be silent.
They have gone completely astray as regards the Truth; they say that a resurrection has already taken place, and so upset some people's faith.
Smith
Corinth'ians, First Epistle to the,
was written by the apostle St. Paul toward the close of his nearly three-years stay at Ephesus,
which, we learn from
probably terminated with the Pentecost of A.D. 57 or 58. The bearers were probably (according to the common subscription) Stephanas, Fortunatus and Achaicus. It appears to have been called forth by the information the apostles had received of dissension in the Corinthian church, which may be thus explained: --The Corinthian church was planted by the apostle himself,
in his second missionary journey.
seq. He abode in the city a year and a half.
A short time after the apostle had left the city the eloquent Jew of Alexandria, Apollos, went to Corinth,
and gained many followers, dividing the church into two parties, the followers of Paul and the followers of Apollos. Later on Judaizing teachers from Jerusalem preached the gospel in a spirit of direct antagonism to St. Paul personally. To this third party we may perhaps add a fourth, that, under the name of "the followers of Christ,"
sought at first to separate themselves from the factious adherence to particular teachers, but eventually were driven by antagonism into positions equally sectarian and inimical to the unity of the church. At this momentous period, before parties had become consolidated and that distinctly withdrawn from communion with one another, the apostle writes; and in the outset of the epistle, 1Cor 1-4:21, we have this noble and impassioned protest against this fourfold rending of the robe of Christ.
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On leaving Athens, Paul next went to Corinth.
So he settled there for a year and a half, and taught God's Message among the people.
While Apollos was at Corinth, Paul passed through the inland districts of Roman Asia, and went to Ephesus. There he found some disciples, of whom he asked:
This went on for two years, so that all who lived in Roman Asia, Jews and Greeks alike, heard the Lord's Message.
Therefore, be on your guard, remembering how for three years, night and day, I never ceased, even with tears, to warn each one of you.
And as for us, it is not the Spirit of the World that we have received, but the Spirit that comes from God, that we may realize the blessings given to us by him.
I planted, and Apollos watered, but it was God who caused the growth.
I intend, however, staying at Ephesus till the Festival at the close of the Harvest;