Reference: Predestination
Easton
This word is properly used only with reference to God's plan or purpose of salvation. The Greek word rendered "predestinate" is found only in these six passages, Ac 4:28; Ro 8:29-30; 1Co 2:7; Eph 1:5,11; and in all of them it has the same meaning. They teach that the eternal, sovereign, immutable, and unconditional decree or "determinate purpose" of God governs all events.
This doctrine of predestination or election is beset with many difficulties. It belongs to the "secret things" of God. But if we take the revealed word of God as our guide, we must accept this doctrine with all its mysteriousness, and settle all our questionings in the humble, devout acknowledgment, "Even so, Father: for so it seemed good in thy sight."
For the teaching of Scripture on this subject let the following passages be examined in addition to those referred to above; Ge 21:12; Ex 9:16; 33:19; De 10:15; 32:8; Jos 11:20; 1Sa 12:22; 2Ch 6:6; Ps 33:12; 65:4; 78:68; 135:4; Isa 41:1-10; Jer 1:5; Mr 13:20; Lu 22:22; Joh 6:37; 15:16; 17:2,6,9; Ac 2:28; 3:18; 4:28; 13:48; 17:26; Ro 9:11,18,21; 11:5; Eph 3:11; 1Th 1:4; 2Th 2:13; 2Ti 1:9; Tit 1:2; 1Pe 1:2. (See Decrees of God; Election of Grace.)
Hodge has well remarked that, "rightly understood, this doctrine (1) exalts the majesty and absolute sovereignty of God, while it illustrates the riches of his free grace and his just displeasure with sin. (2.) It enforces upon us the essential truth that salvation is entirely of grace. That no one can either complain if passed over, or boast himself if saved. (3.) It brings the inquirer to absolute self-despair and the cordial embrace of the free offer of Christ. (4.) In the case of the believer who has the witness in himself, this doctrine at once deepens his humility and elevates his confidence to the full assurance of hope" (Outlines).
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And if the Lord had not shortened those days, no flesh would be saved; but for the sake of the elect, whom he chose, he shortened the days.
For the Son of Man goes as it has been determined, but woe to that man by whom he is betrayed!"
All that the Father gives me will come to me, and the one who comes to me I will by no means cast out.
You did not choose me, but I chose you and appointed you that you should go and bear fruit, and that your fruit should remain, that whatever you ask the Father in my name he may give you.
as you have given him authority over all flesh, that he should give eternal life to all those you have given him.
"I have manifested your name to the men whom you have given me out of the world. They were yours; you gave them to me, and they have kept your word.
I pray for them. I am not praying for the world, but for those whom you have given me, for they are yours.
You have made known to me the ways of life; you will make me full of gladness with your presence.'
But what God foretold by the mouth of all the prophets, that his Christ would suffer, he thus fulfilled.
to do whatever your hand and your plan had predestined to take place.
to do whatever your hand and your plan had predestined to take place.
When the Gentiles heard this, they were glad and glorified the word of the Lord; and as many as were appointed to eternal life believed.
And he made from one man every nation of men to live on all the face of the earth, having determined their appointed times and the boundaries of their habitation,
For those whom he foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brethren. And those whom he predestined, he also called; those whom he called, he also justified; and those whom he justified, he also glorified.
though the twins were not yet born and had done nothing either good or bad, in order that God's purpose of election might stand, not because of works but because of his call,
Therefore he has mercy on whom he wills, and he hardens the heart of whom he wills.
Does not the potter have right over the clay, to make out of the same lump one vessel for honor and another for dishonor?
So too at the present time there is a remnant, chosen by grace.
he predestined us to be adopted as his sons through Jesus Christ, according to the good pleasure of his will,
also we have obtained an inheritance, having been predestined according to the purpose of him who works all things after the counsel of his will,
This was according to the eternal purpose which he carried out in Christ Jesus our Lord,
rooted and built up in him and established in the faith, just as you were taught, overflowing with thanksgiving.
in the hope of eternal life, which God, who cannot lie, promised long ages ago,
he must hold firm to the sure word as taught, so that he may be able to give instruction in sound doctrine and also to refute those who contradict it.
Fausets
(See ELECTION.) Ac 2:23; 4:28, "whatsoever Thy hand and Thy counsel determined before to be done" (proorisen). God has "predestinated" believers "unto the adoption of sons by Jesus Christ to Himself, according to the good pleasure of His will, to the praise of the glory of His grace." "He hath chosen us in Christ" out of the rest of the world, "predestinated" us to all things that secure the inheritance for us (Eph 1:4-5,11). "Predestination" refers to God's decree, embodied in God's "election" of us out of the mass; His grand end. in it being "the praise of the glory of His grace" (Eph 1:6,12,14). It is by virtue of our union to Christ, "foreordained before the foundation of the world" (1Pe 1:20), that we are "predestinated" (2Ti 1:9).
Believers are viewed by God before the world's foundation as "IN CHRIST" with whom the Father makes the covenant (Re 13:8; 17:8; Eph 3:11), "according to the eternal purpose which He purposed in Christ Jesus our Lord." In 2Th 2:13 the Greek for "chosen" (heilato) means rather "taken for Himself"; He adopted them in His eternal purpose; "in (Greek) sanctification of (i.e. by) the Spirit" (by consecration to perfect holiness in Christ once for all, next by imparting it to them ever more and more). There was no doubt or contingency with God from the first. All was foreordained. God's glory and the believer's salvation are secured unchangeably. All pride on man's part is excluded; all is of God's unmerited grace. Yet the will of man is, in the sense of preserving our reponsibility, free. God alone knows how the two harmonize, His predestination and our freedom; it is enough for us they are both distinctly revealed.
At the same time fatalism is excluded, for God who predestinated believers to salvation as the end predestinated them to be conformed to the image of His Son as the means. We must make as sure of the means as of the end. Not to have the Spirit of Christ is to be none of His. Yet God's predestination is not founded on the believer's character, but the believer's character results from God's predestination (2Th 2:13; Ro 8:9,28-30). God the Father gives us salvation by gratuitous election; the Son earns it by His blood-shedding; the Holy Spirit applies the Son's merits to the soul by the gospel word (Calvin): Ga 1:4,15; 1Pe 1:2; the element IN (Greek) which we are elected is "sanctification of (consecration once for all by) the Spirit unto obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ" (the end aimed at by God as regards us).
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this man, delivered over by the predetermined plan and foreknowledge of God, you nailed to a cross by the hands of godless men and put him to death.
to do whatever your hand and your plan had predestined to take place.
But you are not in the flesh, you are in the Spirit, if in fact the Spirit of God dwells in you. And if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ he does not belong to him.
And we know that in all things God works for the good of those who love him, who are called according to his purpose. For those whom he foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brethren. read more. And those whom he predestined, he also called; those whom he called, he also justified; and those whom he justified, he also glorified.
who gave himself for our sins to rescue us from the present evil age, according to the will of our God and Father,
But when God, who had set me apart even from my mother's womb and called me through his grace, was pleased
just as he chose us in him before the foundation of the world, that we would be holy and blameless before him. In love he predestined us to be adopted as his sons through Jesus Christ, according to the good pleasure of his will, read more. to the praise of his glorious grace, which he freely bestowed on us in the Beloved.
also we have obtained an inheritance, having been predestined according to the purpose of him who works all things after the counsel of his will, in order that we, who were the first to hope in Christ, would be for the praise of his glory.
who is a deposit guaranteeing our inheritance, until the redemption of those who are God's possessionto the praise of his glory.
This was according to the eternal purpose which he carried out in Christ Jesus our Lord,
But we are bound to give thanks to God always for you, brethren beloved by the Lord, because God chose you from the beginning to be saved, through sanctification by the Spirit and belief in the truth.
But we are bound to give thanks to God always for you, brethren beloved by the Lord, because God chose you from the beginning to be saved, through sanctification by the Spirit and belief in the truth.
who has saved us and called us with a holy calling, not according to our works, but according to his own purpose and the grace which was granted us in Christ Jesus from all eternity,
He was destined before the foundation of the world, but was revealed in these last times for your sake.
and all who dwell on earth will worship it, every one whose name has not been written from the foundation of the world in the book of life of the Lamb that was slain.
The beast that you saw was, and is not, and is about to come up out of the abyss and go to destruction. And those who dwell on the earth, whose names have not been written in the book of life from the foundation of the world, will wonder when they see the beast, because he was and is not and will come.
Hastings
The English word 'predestinate' in the AV is, in the few cases in which it occurs (Ro 8:29,36; Eph 1:5,11), exchanged in the RV for 'foreordain,' a return to the usage of the older Versions. The Gr. word (proorizo) conveys the simple idea of defining or determining beforehand (thus, in addition to above, in Ac 4:29; 1Co 2:7). The change in rendering brings the word into closer relation with a number of others expressing the same, or related, meanings, as 'foreknow' (in pregnant sense, Ac 2:23; Ro 8:29; 11:2; 1Pe 1:2,20), 'determine' (Ac 17:26), 'appoint' (1Pe 2:8), 'purpose' (Eph 1:9), in the case of believers, 'choose' or 'elect' (Eph 1:4 etc.). In the OT the idea is expressed by the various words denoting to purpose, determine, choose (e.g. Isa 14:24-27; 46:10-11), with the ahundance of phrases extolling the sovereignty and immutability of God's counsel in all the spheres of His operation (see below; so in NT). The best clue to the Scripture conception will he found in tracing it as it appears in these different spheres of the Divine action.
1. In its most general aspect, foreordination is coextensive with the sphere of God's universal providence, is, in fact, but another name for the eternal plan, design, purpose, counsel of God, which executes itself in providence. The election of believers, to which 'predestination' is sometimes narrowed, is hut a specific case of the 'purpose' of Him 'who worketh all things after the counsel of his will' (Eph 1:11). It is in this wider regard, accordingly, that foreordination must be studied first. It cannot be reasonably doubted that all Scripture
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Your kingdom come, your will be done on earth as it is in heaven.
Are not two sparrows sold for a penny? And not one of them will fall to the ground apart from your Father's will. But even the very hairs of your head are all numbered.
this man, delivered over by the predetermined plan and foreknowledge of God, you nailed to a cross by the hands of godless men and put him to death.
You have made known to me the ways of life; you will make me full of gladness with your presence.'
to do whatever your hand and your plan had predestined to take place. And now, Lord, look upon their threats, and grant to your servants to speak your word with all boldness,
says the Lord, who makes these things known from long ago.
For it seemed good to the Holy Spirit and to us to lay upon you no greater burden than these essentials:
And he made from one man every nation of men to live on all the face of the earth, having determined their appointed times and the boundaries of their habitation,
For those whom he foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brethren.
For those whom he foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brethren.
For those whom he foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brethren.
As it is written: "For your sake we are being killed all the day long; we are regarded as sheep to be slaughtered."
What shall we say then? Is there injustice with God? Certainly not! For he says to Moses, "I will have mercy on whom I have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion." read more. So it depends not upon man's will or exertion, but upon God's mercy. For the scripture says to Pharaoh, "I have raised you up for this very purpose, that I may show my power in you, and that my name may be proclaimed in all the earth."
For the scripture says to Pharaoh, "I have raised you up for this very purpose, that I may show my power in you, and that my name may be proclaimed in all the earth." Therefore he has mercy on whom he wills, and he hardens the heart of whom he wills. read more. You will say to me then, "Why does he still find fault? For who can resist his will?" But who are you, O man, to answer back to God? Will what is formed say to him who formed it, "Why have you made me like this?"
But who are you, O man, to answer back to God? Will what is formed say to him who formed it, "Why have you made me like this?" Does not the potter have right over the clay, to make out of the same lump one vessel for honor and another for dishonor?
Does not the potter have right over the clay, to make out of the same lump one vessel for honor and another for dishonor? What if God, choosing to show his wrath and to make his power known, endured with much patience the vessels of wrath prepared for destruction,
What if God, choosing to show his wrath and to make his power known, endured with much patience the vessels of wrath prepared for destruction,
What if God, choosing to show his wrath and to make his power known, endured with much patience the vessels of wrath prepared for destruction, in order to make known the riches of his glory for the vessels of mercy, which he has prepared beforehand for glory,
God has not rejected his people whom he foreknew. Do you not know what the scripture says of Elijah, how he pleads with God against Israel?
Oh, the depth of the riches and of the wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable are his judgments and his ways past finding out! "For who has known the mind of the Lord? Or who has been his counselor?"
just as he chose us in him before the foundation of the world, that we would be holy and blameless before him. In love
just as he chose us in him before the foundation of the world, that we would be holy and blameless before him. In love
just as he chose us in him before the foundation of the world, that we would be holy and blameless before him. In love he predestined us to be adopted as his sons through Jesus Christ, according to the good pleasure of his will,
he predestined us to be adopted as his sons through Jesus Christ, according to the good pleasure of his will,
he made known to us the mystery of his will according to his good pleasure, which he purposed in Christ,
also we have obtained an inheritance, having been predestined according to the purpose of him who works all things after the counsel of his will,
also we have obtained an inheritance, having been predestined according to the purpose of him who works all things after the counsel of his will,
also we have obtained an inheritance, having been predestined according to the purpose of him who works all things after the counsel of his will,
And you were dead in your trespasses and sins, in which you formerly walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air, the spirit that is now at work in the sons of disobedience. read more. Among them we all once lived in the lusts of our flesh, following the desires of flesh and mind, and so we were by nature children of wrath, like the rest of mankind. But God, who is rich in mercy, because of his great love with which he loved us, even when we were dead in our transgressions, made us alive together with Christ (by grace you have been saved), and raised us up with him, and seated us with him in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus, so that in the coming ages he might show the surpassing riches of his grace in kindness toward us in Christ Jesus. For by grace you have been saved through faith; and this is not of yourselves, it is the gift of God
Husbands, love your wives, just as Christ loved the church and gave himself up for her, that he might sanctify her, having cleansed her by the washing of water with the word, read more. that he might present the church to himself in all her glory, without spot or wrinkle or any such thing, that she might be holy and blameless.
rooted and built up in him and established in the faith, just as you were taught, overflowing with thanksgiving.
But we are bound to give thanks to God always for you, brethren beloved by the Lord, because God chose you from the beginning to be saved, through sanctification by the Spirit and belief in the truth.
So then, brethren, stand firm and hold to the traditions which you were taught, whether by word of mouth or by letter from us.
Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to the chosen exiles in the Dispersion, scattered throughout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia and Bithynia,
and, "A stone that causes men to stumble and a rock that makes them fall;" they stumble because they disobey the wordas they were desstined to do.
and from Jesus Christ, who is the faithful witness, the firstborn from the dead, and the ruler of the kings of the earth. To him who loves us and has freed us from our sins by his blood, and has made us a kingdom and priests to his God and Father, to him be glory and dominion for ever and ever. Amen.
"You are worthy, our Lord and our God, to receive glory and honor and power, for you created all things, and by your will they existed and were created."
and they cry out with a loud voice, saying, "Salvation belongs to our God who sits on the throne, and to the Lamb."
Then I looked, and behold, the Lamb was standing on Mount Zion, and with him a hundred and forty-four thousand who had his name and his Father's name written on their foreheads. I heard a voice from heaven like the sound of many waters and like the sound of loud thunder, and the voice I heard was like the sound of harpists playing on their harps. read more. And they sang a new song before the throne and before the four living creatures and before the elders. No one could learn the song except the hundred and forty-four thousand who had been redeemed from the earth. These are the ones who have not been defiled with women, for they have kept themselves chaste. These are the ones who follow the Lamb wherever he goes. They have been purchased from among men as first fruits to God and to the Lamb. And no lie was found in their mouth; they are blameless. Then I saw another angel flying in midheaven, having an eternal gospel to proclaim to those who live on the earth, and to every nation and tribe and tongue and people;
Watsons
PREDESTINATION, according to some, is a judgment, or decree of God, by which he has resolved, from all eternity, to save a certain number of persons, hence named elect. Others define it, a decree to give faith in Jesus Christ to a certain number of men, and to leave the rest to their own malice and hardness of heart. A third, more Scripturally, God's eternal purpose to save all that "truly repent and unfeignedly believe his holy Gospel,"