Reference: Punishments
American
The penalties inflicted in ancient times for various crimes and offences, varied in different nations, and at different times. Capital punishment for murder is generally agreed to have been permanently instituted at the origin of the human race; and Cain was only saved from it by a special interposition of God, Ge 4:14-15. It was reenacted, with reasons, after the deluge, Ge 9:5-6, and in the wilderness, Nu 35:9-34; and was early and widely recognized among mankind.
The mode of capital punishment usual among the Hebrew was stoning, De 13:9-10; Jos 17:18; Joh 8:7; but various other modes became known to them by intercourse with other nations: as decapitation, 2Ki 10:6-8; Mt 14:8-12; precipitation from rocks, 2Ch 25:12; Lu 4:29; hanging, Jos 8:29; Es 7:10; burning, Da 3; cutting asunder, Da 2:5; 3:29; Heb 11:27; beating, on a wheel-like frame, Heb 11:35; exposure to wild beasts, Da 6; 1Co 15:32; drowning, Mt 18:6; bruising in a mortar, Pr 27:22; and crucifixion, Joh 19:18.
Minor punishments were scourging, Le 19:20; 2Co 11:24; retaliation in kind for an injury done, Ex 21:23-25; De 19:19; imprisonment, 2Ch 16:10; Mt 4:12; the stocks, Ac 16:24; banishment, Re 1:9; and personal torture, 2Ch 18:26; Isa 50:6; Mt 18:30; Heb 11:37.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
lo, Thou hast driven me to-day from off the face of the ground, and from Thy face I am hid; and I have been a wanderer, even a trembling one, in the earth, and it hath been -- every one finding me doth slay me.' And Jehovah saith to him, 'Therefore -- of any slayer of Cain sevenfold it is required;' and Jehovah setteth to Cain a token that none finding him doth slay him.
'And only your blood for your lives do I require; from the hand of every living thing I require it, and from the hand of man, from the hand of every man's brother I require the life of man; whoso sheddeth man's blood, by man is his blood shed: for in the image of God hath He made man.
and if there is mischief, then thou hast given life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, read more. burning for burning, wound for wound, stripe for stripe.
And when a man lieth with a woman with seed of copulation, and she a maid-servant, betrothed to a man, and not really ransomed, or freedom hath not been given to her, an investigation there is; they are not put to death, for she is not free.
And Jehovah speaketh unto Moses, saying, 'Speak unto the sons of Israel, and thou hast said unto them, When ye are passing over the Jordan to the land of Canaan, read more. and have prepared to yourselves cities -- cities of refuge they are to you -- then fled thither hath a man-slayer, smiting a person unawares, and the cities have been to you for a refuge from the redeemer, and the man-slayer doth not die till his standing before the company for judgment. As to the cities which ye give -- six are cities of refuge to you; the three of the cities ye give beyond the Jordan, and the three of the cities ye give in the land of Canaan; cities of refuge they are. To sons of Israel, and to a sojourner, and to a settler in their midst, are these six cities for a refuge, for the fleeing thither of any one smiting a person unawares. And if with an instrument of iron he hath smitten him, and he dieth, he is a murderer: the murderer is certainly put to death. And if with a stone in the hand, wherewith he dieth, he hath smitten him, and he dieth, he is a murderer: the murderer is certainly put to death. Or with a wooden instrument in the hand, wherewith he dieth, he hath smitten him, and he dieth, he is a murderer: the murderer is certainly put to death. 'The redeemer of blood himself doth put the murderer to death; in his coming against him he doth put him to death. And if in hatred he thrust him through, or hath cast anything at him by lying in wait, and he dieth; or in enmity he hath smitten him with his hand, and he dieth; the smiter is certainly put to death; he is a murderer; the redeemer of blood doth put the murderer to death in his coming against him. 'And if, in an instant, without enmity, he hath thrust him through, or hath cast at him any instrument, without lying in wait; or with any stone wherewith he dieth, without seeing, and causeth it to fall upon him, and he dieth, and he is not his enemy, nor seeking his evil; then have the company judged between the smiter and the redeemer of blood, by these judgments. 'And the company have delivered the man-slayer out of the hand of the redeemer of blood, and the company have caused him to turn back unto the city of his refuge, whither he hath fled, and he hath dwelt in it till the death of the chief priest, who hath been anointed with the holy oil. And if the man-slayer at all go out from the border of the city of his refuge whither he fleeth, and the redeemer of blood hath found him at the outside of the border of the city of his refuge, and the redeemer of blood hath slain the man-slayer, blood is not for him; for in the city of his refuge he doth dwell till the death of the chief priest; and after the death of the chief priest doth the man-slayer turn back unto the city of his possession. 'And these things have been to you for a statute of judgment to your generations, in all your dwellings: whoso smiteth a person, by the mouth of witnesses doth one slay the murderer; and one witness doth not testify against a person -- to die. And ye take no atonement for the life of a murderer who is condemned -- to die, for he is certainly put to death; and ye take no atonement for him to flee unto the city of his refuge, to turn back to dwell in the land, until the death of the priest. And ye profane not the land which ye are in, for blood profaneth the land; as to the land, it is not pardoned for blood which is shed in it except by the blood of him who sheddeth it; and ye defile not the land in which ye are dwelling, in the midst of which I do tabernacle, for I Jehovah do tabernacle in the midst of the sons of Israel.'
'But thou dost surely kill him; thy hand is on him, in the first place, to put him to death, and the hand of all the people last; and thou hast stoned him with stones, and he hath died, for he hath sought to drive thee away from Jehovah thy God, who is bringing thee out of the land of Egypt, out of a house of servants;
'Then ye have done to him as he devised to do to his brother, and thou hast put away the evil thing out of thy midst,
and the king of Ai he hath hanged on the tree till even-time, and at the going in of the sun hath Joshua commanded, and they take down his carcase from the tree, and cast it unto the opening of the gate of the city, and raise over it a great heap of stones till this day.
because the mountain is thine; because it is a forest -- thou hast prepared it, and its outgoings have been thine; because thou dost dispossess the Canaanite, though it hath chariots of iron -- though it is strong.'
And he writeth unto them a letter a second time, saying, 'If ye are for me, and to my voice are hearkening, take the heads of the men -- the sons of your lord, and come unto me about this time to-morrow, to Jezreel;' and the sons of the king are seventy men, with the great ones of the city those bringing them up. And it cometh to pass, at the coming in of the letter unto them, that they take the sons of the king, and slaughter seventy men, and put their heads in baskets, and send unto him to Jezreel, read more. and the messenger cometh in, and declareth to him, saying, 'They have brought in the heads of the sons of the king,' and he saith, 'Make them two heaps at the opening of the gate till the morning.'
And Asa is angry at the seer, and giveth him to the house of torture, for he is in a rage with him for this; and Asa oppresseth some of the people at that time.
and ye have said, Thus said the king, Put ye this one in the house of restraint, and cause him to eat bread of oppression, and water of oppression, till my return in peace.'
And ten thousand alive have the sons of Judah taken captive, and they bring them to the top of the rock, and cast them from the top of the rock, and all of them have been broken.
And they hang Haman upon the tree that he had prepared for Mordecai, and the fury of the king hath lain down.
If thou dost beat the foolish in a mortar, Among washed things -- with a pestle, His folly turneth not aside from off him.
My back I have given to those smiting, And my cheeks to those plucking out, My face I hid not from shame and spitting.
The king hath answered and said to the Chaldeans, 'The thing from me is gone; if ye do not cause me to know the dream and its interpretation, pieces ye are made, and your houses are made dunghills;
And by me a decree is made, that any people, nation, and language, that doth speak erroneously concerning the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego, pieces he is made, and its house is made a dunghill, because that there is no other god who is able thus to deliver.'
And Jesus having heard that John was delivered up, did withdraw to Galilee,
And she having been instigated by her mother -- 'Give me (says she) here upon a plate the head of John the Baptist; and the king was grieved, but because of the oaths and of those reclining with him, he commanded it to be given; read more. and having sent, he beheaded John in the prison, and his head was brought upon a plate, and was given to the damsel, and she brought it nigh to her mother. And his disciples having come, took up the body, and buried it, and having come, they told Jesus,
and whoever may cause to stumble one of those little ones who are believing in me, it is better for him that a weighty millstone may be hanged upon his neck, and he may be sunk in the depth of the sea.
and he would not, but having gone away, he cast him into prison, till he might pay that which was owing.
and having risen, they put him forth without the city, and brought him unto the brow of the hill on which their city had been built -- to cast him down headlong,
and when they continued asking him, having bent himself back, he said unto them, 'The sinless of you -- let him first cast the stone at her;'
where they crucified him, and with him two others, on this side, and on that side, and Jesus in the midst.
who such a charge having received, did put them to the inner prison, and their feet made fast in the stocks.
if after the manner of a man with wild beasts I fought in Ephesus, what the advantage to me if the dead do not rise? let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die!
by faith he left Egypt behind, not having been afraid of the wrath of the king, for, as seeing the Invisible One -- he endured;
Women received by a rising again their dead, and others were tortured, not accepting the redemption, that a better rising again they might receive,
they were stoned, they were sawn asunder, they were tried; in the killing of the sword they died; they went about in sheepskins, in goatskins -- being destitute, afflicted, injuriously treated,
I, John, who also am your brother, and fellow-partner in the tribulation, and in the reign and endurance, of Jesus Christ, was in the isle that is called Patmos, because of the word of God, and because of the testimony of Jesus Christ;
Fausets
(See CROSS, etc.) Death was the punishment of striking or even reviling a parent (Ex 21:15,17); blasphemy (Le 24:14,16,23); Sabbath-breaking (Nu 15:32-36); witchcraft (Ex 22:18); adultery (Le 20:10); rape (De 22:25); incestuous and unnatural connection (Le 20:11,14,16); man stealing (Ex 21:16); idolatry (Le 20:2). "Cutting off from the people" is ipso facto excommunication or outlawry, forfeiture of the privileges of the covenant people (Le 18:29). The hand of God executed the sentence in some cases (Ge 17:14; Le 23:30; 20:3,6; Nu 4:15,18,20). Capital punishments were stoning (Ex 17:4); burning (Le 20:14); the sword (Ex 32:27); and strangulation, not in Scripture, but in rabbinical writings.
The command (Nu 25:4-5) was that the Baal-peor sinners should be slain first, then impaled or nailed to crosses; the Hebrew there (hoqa) means dislocated, and is different from that in De 21:22 (thalitha toli), De 21:23. The hanged were accounted accursed; so were buried at evening, as the hanging body defiled the land; so Christ (Ga 3:13). The malefactor was to be removed by burial from off the face of the earth speedily, that the curse might be removed off the land (Le 18:25,28; 2Sa 21:6,9). Punishments not ordained by law: sawing asunder, and cutting with iron harrows(Isaiah, Heb 11:37; Ammon, in retaliation for their cruelties, 2Sa 12:31; 1Sa 11:2); pounding in a mortar (Pr 27:22); precipitation (Lu 4:29; 2Ch 25:12); stripes, 40 only allowed (De 25:3), the Jews therefore gave only 39; the convict received the stripes from a three-thonged whip, stripped to the waist, in a bent position, tied to a pillar; if the executioner exceeded the number he was punished, a minute accuracy observed in 2Co 11:24.
The Abyssinians use the same number (Wolff, Travels, 2:276). Heaps of stones were flung upon the graves of executed criminals (Jos 15:25-26; 2Sa 18:17); to this day stones are flung on Absalom's supposed tomb. Outside the city gates (Jer 22:19; Heb 13:12). Punishment in kind (lex talionis) was a common principle (Ex 21:24-25). Also compensation, restitution of the thing or its equivalent (Ex 21:18-36). Slander of a wife's honour was punished by fine and stripes (De 22:18-19).
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and an uncircumcised one, a male, the flesh of whose foreskin is not circumcised, even that person hath been cut off from his people; My covenant he hath broken.'
And Moses crieth to Jehovah, saying, 'What do I to this people? yet a little, and they have stoned me.'
'And he who smiteth his father or his mother is certainly put to death. 'And he who stealeth a man, and hath sold him, and he hath been found in his hand, is certainly put to death. read more. 'And he who is reviling his father or his mother is certainly put to death. 'And when men contend, and a man hath smitten his neighbour with a stone, or with the fist, and he die not, but hath fallen on the bed; if he rise, and hath gone up and down without on his staff, then hath the smiter been acquitted; only his cessation he giveth, and he is thoroughly healed. And when a man smiteth his man-servant or his handmaid, with a rod, and he hath died under his hand -- he is certainly avenged; only if he remain a day, or two days, he is not avenged, for he is his money. 'And when men strive, and have smitten a pregnant woman, and her children have come out, and there is no mischief, he is certainly fined, as the husband of the woman doth lay upon him, and he hath given through the judges; and if there is mischief, then thou hast given life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot,
eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, burning for burning, wound for wound, stripe for stripe.
burning for burning, wound for wound, stripe for stripe. 'And when a man smiteth the eye of his man-servant, or the eye of his handmaid, and hath destroyed it, as a freeman he doth send him away for his eye; read more. and if a tooth of his man-servant or a tooth of his handmaid he knock out, as a freeman he doth send him away for his tooth. And when an ox doth gore man or woman, and they have died, the ox is certainly stoned, and his flesh is not eaten, and the owner of the ox is acquitted; and if the ox is one accustomed to gore heretofore, and it hath been testified to its owner, and he doth not watch it, and it hath put to death a man or woman, the ox is stoned, and its owner also is put to death. 'If atonement is laid upon him, then he hath given the ransom of his life, according to all that is laid upon him; whether it gore a son or gore a daughter, according to this judgment it is done to him. 'If the ox gore a man-servant or a handmaid, thirty silver shekels he doth give to their lord, and the ox is stoned. And when a man doth open a pit, or when a man doth dig a pit, and doth not cover it, and an ox or ass hath fallen thither, -- the owner of the pit doth repay, money he doth give back to its owner, and the dead is his. 'And when a man's ox doth smite the ox of his neighbour, and it hath died, then they have sold the living ox, and halved its money, and also the dead one they do halve; or, it hath been known that the ox is one accustomed to gore heretofore, and its owner doth not watch it, he certainly repayeth ox for ox, and the dead is his.
'A witch thou dost not keep alive.
and he saith to them, 'Thus said Jehovah, God of Israel, Put each his sword by his thigh, pass over and turn back from gate to gate through the camp, and slay each his brother, and each his friend, and each his relation.'
and the land is defiled, and I charge its iniquity upon it, and the land vomiteth out its inhabitants:
and the land doth not vomit you out in your defiling it, as it hath vomited out the nation which is before you; for any one who doth any of all these abominations -- even the persons who are doing so, have been cut off from the midst of their people;
'And unto the sons of Israel thou dost say, Any man of the sons of Israel, and of the sojourners who is sojourning in Israel, who giveth of his seed to the Molech, is certainly put to death; the people of the land do stone him with stones; and I -- I set My face against that man, and have cut him off from the midst of his people, for of his seed he hath given to the Molech, so as to defile My sanctuary, and to pollute My holy name.
'And the person who turneth unto those having familiar spirits, and unto the wizards, to go a-whoring after them, I have even set My face against that person, and cut him off from the midst of his people.
And a man who committeth adultery with a man's wife -- who committeth adultery with the wife of his neighbour -- the adulterer and the adulteress are surely put to death. And a man who lieth with his father's wife -- the nakedness of his father he hath uncovered -- both of them are certainly put to death; their blood is on them.
And a man who taketh the woman and her mother -- it is wickedness; with fire they burn him and them, and there is no wickedness in your midst.
And a man who taketh the woman and her mother -- it is wickedness; with fire they burn him and them, and there is no wickedness in your midst.
And a woman who draweth near unto any beast to lie with it -- thou hast even slain the woman and the beast; they are certainly put to death; their blood is on them.
and any person who doth any work in this self-same day I have even destroyed that person from the midst of his people;
'Bring out the reviler unto the outside of the camp; and all those hearing have laid their hands on his head, and all the company have stoned him.
and he who is execrating the name of Jehovah is certainly put to death; all the company do certainly cast stones at him; as a sojourner so a native, in his execrating the Name, is put to death.
And Moses speaketh unto the sons of Israel, and they bring out the reviler unto the outside of the camp, and stone him with stones; and the sons of Israel have done as Jehovah hath commanded Moses.
And Aaron hath finished -- his sons also -- covering the sanctuary, and all the vessels of the sanctuary, in the journeying of the camp, and afterwards do the sons of Kohath come in to bear it, and they do not come unto the holy thing, that they have died; these things are the burden of the sons of Kohath in the tent of meeting.
'Ye do not cut off the tribe of the families of the Kohathite from the midst of the Levites;
and they go not in to see when the holy thing is swallowed, that they have died.'
And the sons of Israel are in the wilderness, and they find a man gathering wood on the sabbath-day, and those finding him gathering wood bring him near unto Moses, and unto Aaron, and unto all the company, read more. and they place him in ward, for it is not explained what is to be done to him. And Jehovah saith unto Moses, 'The man is certainly put to death, all the company stoning him with stones, at the outside of the camp.' And all the company bring him out unto the outside of the camp, and stone him with stones, and he dieth, as Jehovah hath commanded Moses.
And Jehovah saith unto Moses, 'Take all the chiefs of the people, and hang them before Jehovah -- over-against the sun; and the fierceness of the anger of Jehovah doth turn back from Israel.' And Moses saith unto the judges of Israel, 'Slay ye each his men who are joined to Baal-Peor.'
And when there is in a man a sin -- a cause of death, and he hath been put to death, and thou hast hanged him on a tree, his corpse doth not remain on the tree, for thou dost certainly bury him in that day -- for a thing lightly esteemed of God is the hanged one -- and thou dost not defile thy ground which Jehovah thy God is giving to thee -- an inheritance.
'And the elders of that city have taken the man, and chastise him, and fined him a hundred silverlings, and given to the father of the damsel, because he hath brought out an evil name on a virgin of Israel, and she is to him for a wife, he is not able to send her away all his days.
'And if in a field the man find the damsel who is betrothed, and the man hath laid hold on her, and lain with her, then hath the man who hath lain with her died alone;
forty times he doth smite him -- he is not adding, lest, he is adding to smite him above these -- many stripes, and thy brother is lightly esteemed in thine eyes.
and Hazor, Hadattah, and Kerioth, Hezron, (it is Hazor,) Amam, and Shema, and Moladah,
and the people who are in it he hath brought out, and setteth to the saw, and to cutting instruments of iron, and to axes of iron, and hath caused them to pass over into the brick-kiln; and so he doth to all the cities of the Bene-Ammon; and David turneth back, and all the people, to Jerusalem.
If thou dost beat the foolish in a mortar, Among washed things -- with a pestle, His folly turneth not aside from off him.
The burial of an ass -- he is buried, Dragged and cast out thence to the gates of Jerusalem.
and having risen, they put him forth without the city, and brought him unto the brow of the hill on which their city had been built -- to cast him down headlong,
from Jews five times forty stripes save one I did receive;
Christ did redeem us from the curse of the law, having become for us a curse, for it hath been written, 'Cursed is every one who is hanging on a tree,'
they were stoned, they were sawn asunder, they were tried; in the killing of the sword they died; they went about in sheepskins, in goatskins -- being destitute, afflicted, injuriously treated,
Wherefore, also Jesus -- that he might sanctify through his own blood the people -- without the gate did suffer;
Hastings
Smith
Punishments.
The earliest theory of punishment current among mankind is doubtless the one of simple retaliation, "blood for blood." Viewed historically, the first case of punishment for crime mentioned in Scripture, next to the Fall itself, is that of Cain, the first murderer. That death was regarded as the fitting punishment for murder appears plain from the remark of Lamech.
In the post-diluvian code, if we may so call it, retribution by the hand of man, even in the case of an offending animal, for blood shed, is clearly laid dawn.
Passing onward to Mosaic times, we find the sentence of capital punishment, in the case of murder, plainly laid down in the law. The murderer was to be put to death, even if he should have taken refuge at God's altar or in a refuge city, and the same principle was to be carried out even in the case of an animal. Offences punished with death.-- I. The following offences also are mentioned in the law as liable to the punishment of death:
1. Striking, or even reviling, a parent.
2. Blasphemy.
3. Sabbath-breaking.
4. Witchcraft, and false pretension to prophecy.
Ex 22:18; Le 20:27; De 13:5; 18:20
5. Adultery.
Le 20:10; De 22:22
6. Unchastity.
Le 21:9; De 22:21,23
7. Rape.
De 22:25
8. Incestuous and unnatural connections.
9. Manstealing.
Ex 21:16; De 24:7
10. Idolatry, actual or virtual, in any shape.
Le 20:2; De 13:8,10,15; 17:2-7
see Josh 7:1 ... and Josh 22:20 and Numb 25:8
11. False witness in certain cases.
De 19:16,19
II. But there is a large number of offences, some of them included in this list, which are named in the law as involving the,penalty of "cutting off from the people. On the meaning of this expression some controversy has arisen. There are altogether thirty six or thirty seven cases in the Pentateuch in which this formula is used. We may perhaps conclude that the primary meaning of "cutting off" is a sentence of death to be executed in some cases without remission, but in others voidable -- (1) by immediate atonement on the offender's part; (2) by direct interposition of the Almighty i.e., a sentence of death always "regarded," but not always executed. Kinds of punishments. --Punishments are twofold, Capital and Secondary. I. Capital. (A) The following only are prescribed by the law:
1. Stoning, which was the ordinary mode of execution.
Ex 17:4; Lu 20:6; Joh 10:31; Ac 14:5
In the case of idolatry, and it may be presumed in other cases also, the witnesses, of whom there were to be at least two, were required to cast the first stone.
De 13:9; Ac 7:58
2. Hanging is mentioned as a distinct punishment.
3. Burning, in pre-Mosaic times, was the punishment for unchastity.
Under the law it was ordered in the case of a priest's daughter
4. Death by the sword or spear is named in the law,
and it occurs frequently in regal and post-Babylonian times.
etc.
5. Strangling is said by the rabbis to have been regarded as the most common but least severe of the capital punishments, and to have been performed by immersing the convict in clay or mud, and then strangling him by a cloth twisted round the neck. (B) Besides these ordinary capital punishments, we read of others, either of foreign introduction or of an irregular kind. Among the former
1. CRUCIFIXION is treated elsewhere.
See Crucifixion
2. Drowning, though not ordered under the law, was practiced at Rome, and is said by St. Jerome to have been in use among the Jews.
3. Sawing asunder or crushing beneath iron instruments.
and perhaps
4. Pounding in a mortar, or beating to death, is alluded to in
but not as a legal punishment, and cases are described. 2 Macc. 6:28,30.
5. Precipitation, attempted in the case of our Lord at Nazareth, and carried out in that of captives from the Edomites, and of St. James, who is said to have been cast from "the pinnacle" of the temple. Criminals executed by law were burned outside the city gates, and heaps of stones were flung upon their graves.
Jos 7:25-26; 2Sa 18:17; Jer 22:19
II. Of secondary punishments among the Jews, the original Principles were,
1. Retaliation, "eye for eye," etc.
2. Compensation, Identical (restitution)or analogous payment for loss of time or of power.
Ex 21:18-36; Le 24:18-21; De 19:21
Slander against a wife's honor was to be compensated to her parents by a fine of one hundred shekels, and the traducer himself to be punished with stripes
De 22:18-19
3. Stripes, whose number was not to exceed forty,
De 25:3
whence the Jews took care not to exceed thirty-nine.
4. Scourging with thorns is mentioned
The stocks are mentioned
passing through fire,
mutilation,
2 Macc. 7:4, and see
plucking out hair,
in later times, imprisonment and confiscation or exile.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
For sevenfold is required for Cain, And for Lamech seventy and sevenfold.'
'And only your blood for your lives do I require; from the hand of every living thing I require it, and from the hand of man, from the hand of every man's brother I require the life of man; whoso sheddeth man's blood, by man is his blood shed: for in the image of God hath He made man.
And it cometh to pass about three months after, that it is declared to Judah, saying, 'Tamar thy daughter-in-law hath committed fornication; and also, lo, she hath conceived by fornication:' and Judah saith, 'Bring her out -- and she is burnt.'
And Moses crieth to Jehovah, saying, 'What do I to this people? yet a little, and they have stoned me.'
a hand cometh not against him, for he is certainly stoned or shot through, whether beast or man it liveth not; in the drawing out of the jubilee cornet they go up into the mount.'
'And he who smiteth his father or his mother is certainly put to death. 'And he who stealeth a man, and hath sold him, and he hath been found in his hand, is certainly put to death. read more. 'And he who is reviling his father or his mother is certainly put to death. 'And when men contend, and a man hath smitten his neighbour with a stone, or with the fist, and he die not, but hath fallen on the bed; if he rise, and hath gone up and down without on his staff, then hath the smiter been acquitted; only his cessation he giveth, and he is thoroughly healed. And when a man smiteth his man-servant or his handmaid, with a rod, and he hath died under his hand -- he is certainly avenged; only if he remain a day, or two days, he is not avenged, for he is his money. 'And when men strive, and have smitten a pregnant woman, and her children have come out, and there is no mischief, he is certainly fined, as the husband of the woman doth lay upon him, and he hath given through the judges; and if there is mischief, then thou hast given life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot,
eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, burning for burning, wound for wound, stripe for stripe.
burning for burning, wound for wound, stripe for stripe. 'And when a man smiteth the eye of his man-servant, or the eye of his handmaid, and hath destroyed it, as a freeman he doth send him away for his eye; read more. and if a tooth of his man-servant or a tooth of his handmaid he knock out, as a freeman he doth send him away for his tooth. And when an ox doth gore man or woman, and they have died, the ox is certainly stoned, and his flesh is not eaten, and the owner of the ox is acquitted; and if the ox is one accustomed to gore heretofore, and it hath been testified to its owner, and he doth not watch it, and it hath put to death a man or woman, the ox is stoned, and its owner also is put to death. 'If atonement is laid upon him, then he hath given the ransom of his life, according to all that is laid upon him; whether it gore a son or gore a daughter, according to this judgment it is done to him. 'If the ox gore a man-servant or a handmaid, thirty silver shekels he doth give to their lord, and the ox is stoned. And when a man doth open a pit, or when a man doth dig a pit, and doth not cover it, and an ox or ass hath fallen thither, -- the owner of the pit doth repay, money he doth give back to its owner, and the dead is his. 'And when a man's ox doth smite the ox of his neighbour, and it hath died, then they have sold the living ox, and halved its money, and also the dead one they do halve; or, it hath been known that the ox is one accustomed to gore heretofore, and its owner doth not watch it, he certainly repayeth ox for ox, and the dead is his.
'A witch thou dost not keep alive. 'Whoever lieth with a beast is certainly put to death.
and ye have kept the sabbath, for it is holy to you, he who is polluting it is certainly put to death -- for any who doeth work in it -- that person hath even been cut off from the midst of his people.
and he saith to them, 'Thus said Jehovah, God of Israel, Put each his sword by his thigh, pass over and turn back from gate to gate through the camp, and slay each his brother, and each his friend, and each his relation.'
Six days is work done, and on the seventh day there is to you a holy day, a sabbath of rest to Jehovah; any who doeth work in it is put to death;
'And unto the sons of Israel thou dost say, Any man of the sons of Israel, and of the sojourners who is sojourning in Israel, who giveth of his seed to the Molech, is certainly put to death; the people of the land do stone him with stones;
And a man who committeth adultery with a man's wife -- who committeth adultery with the wife of his neighbour -- the adulterer and the adulteress are surely put to death. And a man who lieth with his father's wife -- the nakedness of his father he hath uncovered -- both of them are certainly put to death; their blood is on them.
And a man who taketh the woman and her mother -- it is wickedness; with fire they burn him and them, and there is no wickedness in your midst.
And a woman who draweth near unto any beast to lie with it -- thou hast even slain the woman and the beast; they are certainly put to death; their blood is on them.
And a man or woman -- when there is in them a familiar spirit, or who are wizards -- are certainly put to death; with stones they stone them; their blood is on them.'
And a daughter of any priest when she polluteth herself by going a-whoring -- her father she is polluting; with fire she is burnt.
'Bring out the reviler unto the outside of the camp; and all those hearing have laid their hands on his head, and all the company have stoned him.
and he who is execrating the name of Jehovah is certainly put to death; all the company do certainly cast stones at him; as a sojourner so a native, in his execrating the Name, is put to death.
'And he who smiteth a beast repayeth it, body for body. 'And when a man putteth a blemish in his fellow, as he hath done so it is done to him; read more. breach for breach, eye for eye, tooth for tooth; as he putteth a blemish in a man so it is done in him. And he who smiteth a beast repayeth it, and he who smiteth the life of man is put to death;
And Moses speaketh unto the sons of Israel, and they bring out the reviler unto the outside of the camp, and stone him with stones; and the sons of Israel have done as Jehovah hath commanded Moses.
And the sons of Israel are in the wilderness, and they find a man gathering wood on the sabbath-day, and those finding him gathering wood bring him near unto Moses, and unto Aaron, and unto all the company, read more. and they place him in ward, for it is not explained what is to be done to him. And Jehovah saith unto Moses, 'The man is certainly put to death, all the company stoning him with stones, at the outside of the camp.' And all the company bring him out unto the outside of the camp, and stone him with stones, and he dieth, as Jehovah hath commanded Moses.
And Jehovah saith unto Moses, 'Take all the chiefs of the people, and hang them before Jehovah -- over-against the sun; and the fierceness of the anger of Jehovah doth turn back from Israel.'
and Phinehas, son of Eleazar, son of Aaron, the priest, seeth, and riseth from the midst of the company, and taketh a javelin in his hand,
'And that prophet, or that dreamer of the dream, is put to death, for he hath spoken apostasy against Jehovah your God (who is bringing you out of the land of Egypt, and hath ransomed you out of a house of servants), to drive you out of the way in which Jehovah thy God hath commanded thee to walk, and thou hast put away the evil thing from thy midst.
thou dost not consent to him, nor hearken unto him, nor doth thine eye have pity on him, nor dost thou spare, nor dost thou cover him over. 'But thou dost surely kill him; thy hand is on him, in the first place, to put him to death, and the hand of all the people last; read more. and thou hast stoned him with stones, and he hath died, for he hath sought to drive thee away from Jehovah thy God, who is bringing thee out of the land of Egypt, out of a house of servants;
Thou dost surely smite the inhabitants of that city by the mouth of the sword; devoting it, and all that is in it, even its cattle, by the mouth of the sword;
'When there is found in thy midst, in one of thy cities which Jehovah thy God is giving to thee, a man or a woman who doth the evil thing in the eyes of Jehovah thy God by transgressing His covenant, and he doth go and serve other gods, and doth bow himself to them, and to the sun, or to the moon, or to any of the host of the heavens, which I have not commanded -- read more. and it hath been declared to thee, and thou hast heard, and hast searched diligently, and lo, truth; the thing is established; this abomination hath been done in Israel -- Then thou hast brought out that man, or that woman, who hath done this evil thing, unto thy gates -- the man or the woman -- and thou hast stoned them with stones, and they have died. By the mouth of two witnesses or of three witnesses is he who is dead put to death; he is not put to death by the mouth of one witness; the hand of the witnesses is on him, in the first place, to put him to death, and the hand of all the people last; and thou hast put away the evil thing out of thy midst.
Only, the prophet who presumeth to speak a word in My name -- that which I have not commanded him to speak -- and who speaketh in the name of other gods -- even that prophet hath died.
'When a violent witness doth rise against a man, to testify against him apostasy,
'Then ye have done to him as he devised to do to his brother, and thou hast put away the evil thing out of thy midst,
and thine eye doth not pity -- life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.
'And the elders of that city have taken the man, and chastise him, and fined him a hundred silverlings, and given to the father of the damsel, because he hath brought out an evil name on a virgin of Israel, and she is to him for a wife, he is not able to send her away all his days.
then they have brought out the damsel unto the opening of her father's house, and stoned her have the men of her city with stones, and she hath died, for she hath done folly in Israel, to go a-whoring in her father's house; and thou hast put away the evil thing out of thy midst. 'When a man is found lying with a woman, married to a husband, then they have died even both of them, the man who is lying with the woman, also the woman; and thou hast put away the evil thing out of Israel. read more. 'When there is a damsel, a virgin, betrothed to a man, and a man hath found her in a city, and lain with her;
'And if in a field the man find the damsel who is betrothed, and the man hath laid hold on her, and lain with her, then hath the man who hath lain with her died alone;
forty times he doth smite him -- he is not adding, lest, he is adding to smite him above these -- many stripes, and thy brother is lightly esteemed in thine eyes.
And Joshua saith, 'What! thou hast troubled us! -- Jehovah doth trouble thee this day;' and all Israel cast stones at him, and they burn them with fire, and they stone them with stones, and they raise up over him a great heap of stones unto this day, and Jehovah turneth back from the heat of His anger, therefore hath one called the name of that place 'Valley of Achor' till this day.
And David commandeth the young men, and they slay them, and cut off their hands and their feet, and hang them over the pool in Hebron, and the head of Ish-Bosheth they have taken, and bury it in the burying-place of Abner in Hebron.
and the people who are in it he hath brought out, and setteth to the saw, and to cutting instruments of iron, and to axes of iron, and hath caused them to pass over into the brick-kiln; and so he doth to all the cities of the Bene-Ammon; and David turneth back, and all the people, to Jerusalem.
and the people who are in it he hath brought out, and setteth to the saw, and to cutting instruments of iron, and to axes of iron, and hath caused them to pass over into the brick-kiln; and so he doth to all the cities of the Bene-Ammon; and David turneth back, and all the people, to Jerusalem.
And king Solomon sendeth by the hand of Benaiah son of Jehoiada, and he falleth upon him, and he dieth.
And Benaiah son of Jehoiada goeth up and falleth upon him, and putteth him to death, and he is buried in his own house in the wilderness,
And Ahab declareth to Jezebel all that Elijah did, and all how he slew all the prophets by the sword,
and any who doth not do the law of thy God, and the law of the king, speedily is judgment done upon him, whether to death, or to banishment, or to confiscation of riches, and to bonds.'
My back I have given to those smiting, And my cheeks to those plucking out, My face I hid not from shame and spitting.
and Pashhur smiteth Jeremiah the prophet, and putteth him unto the stocks, that are by the high gate of Benjamin, that is by the house of Jehovah.
The burial of an ass -- he is buried, Dragged and cast out thence to the gates of Jerusalem.
and the heads are wroth against Jeremiah, and have smitten him, and put him in the prison-house -- the house of Jonathan the scribe, for it they had made for a prison-house.
And they take Jeremiah, and cast him into the pit of Malchiah son of the king, that is in the court of the prison, and they send down Jeremiah with cords; and in the pit there is no water, but mire, and Jeremiah sinketh in the mire.
and if we may say, From men, all the people will stone us, for they are having been persuaded John to be a prophet.'
Therefore, again, did the Jews take up stones that they may stone him;
and they laid hands upon them, and did put them in custody unto the morrow, for it was evening already;
and laid their hands upon the apostles, and did put them in a public prison;
and having cast him forth outside of the city, they were stoning him -- and the witnesses did put down their garments at the feet of a young man called Saul --
whom also having seized, he did put in prison, having delivered him to four quaternions of soldiers to guard him, intending after the passover to bring him forth to the people.
and when there was a purpose both of the nations and of the Jews with their rulers to use them despitefully, and to stone them,
from Jews five times forty stripes save one I did receive;
they were stoned, they were sawn asunder, they were tried; in the killing of the sword they died; they went about in sheepskins, in goatskins -- being destitute, afflicted, injuriously treated,