Reference: Job
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A patriarch distinguished for his integrity and piety, his wealth, honors, and domestic happiness, whom God permitted, for the trial of his faith, to be deprived of friends, property, and health, and at once plunged into deep affliction. He lived in the land of Uz, lying, it is generally thought, in Eastern Edom, probably not far from Bozrah.
THE BOOK OF JOB, has originated much criticism, and on many points a considerable diversity of opinion still exists. Sceptics have denied its inspiration, and called it a mere philosophical romance; but no one who respects revelation can entertain this notion, or doubt that Job was a real person. Inspired writers testify to both. See Eze 14:14; Jas 5:11, and compare 1Co 3:19 with Job 5:13. The book itself specifies persons, places, and circumstances in the manner of true history. Moreover, the name and history of Job are spread throughout the East; Arabian writers mention him, and many Mohammedan families perpetuate his name. Five different places claim the possession of his tomb.
The precise period of his life cannot be ascertained, yet no doubt can exist as to its patriarchal antiquity. The book seems to allude to the flood, Job 22:15-17, but not to the destruction of Sodom, to the exodus from Egypt, or the giving of the Law. No reference is made to any order of priesthood, Job himself being the priest of his household, like Noah and Abraham. There is allusion to the most ancient form of idolatry, star-worship, and to the earliest mode of writing, Job 19:24. The longevity of Job also places him among the patriarchs. He survived his trial one hundred and forty years, and was an old man before his trial began, for his children were established each at the head of his own household, Job 1:4; 42:16. The period of long lives had not wholly passed away, Job 15:10. Hales places the trial of Job before the birth of Abraham, and Usher, about thirty years before the exodus, B. C. 1521.
As to the authorship of the book, many opinions have been held. It has all the freedom of an original composition, bearing no marks of its being a translation; and if so, it would appear that its author must have been a Hebrew, since it is written in the purest Hebrew. It exhibits, moreover, the most intimate acquaintance with both Egyptian and Arabian scenery, and is in the loftiest style of oriental poetry. All these circumstances are consistent with the views of those who regard Moses as its probable author. It has, however, been ascribed to various other persons. IT presents a beautiful exhibition of patriarchal religion. It teaches the being and perfections of God, his creation of all things, and his universal providence; the apostasy and guilt of evil spirits and of mankind; the mercy of God, on the basis of a sacrifice, and on condition of repentance and faith, Job 33:27-30; 42:6,8; the immortality of the soul, and the resurrection of the body, Job 14:7-15; 19:25-27.
The main problem discussed in Job is the justice of God in suffering the righteous to be afflicted, while the wicked prosper. It is settled, by showing that, while the hand of a just God is manifest in his providential government of human affairs, it is his sovereign right to choose his own time and mode of retribution both to the evil and the good, and to subject the graces of his people to whatever trials he deems best.
The conference of Job and his friends may be divided into three parts. In the first, Eliphaz addresses Job, and Job replies; then Bildad and Job, and Zophar and Job speak, in turn. In the second part, the same order is observed and in the third also, except that after Job's reply to Bildad, the three friends have no more to urge, and instead of Zophar, a fourth friend named Elihu takes up the word; and the whole is concluded by the decision of Jehovah himself. The friends of Job argue that his remarkable afflictions must have been sent in punishment of highly aggravated transgressions, and urge him to confession and repentance. The pious patriarch, conscious of his own integrity and love to God cast down and bewildered by his sore chastisements, and pained by the suspicions of his friends, warmly vindicates his innocence, and shows that the best of men are sometimes the most afflicted; but forgets that his inward sins merit far heavier punishment, and though he still maintains faith in God, yet he charges Him foolishly. Afterwards he humbly confesses his wrong, and is cheered by the returning smile of God, while his uncharitable friends are reproved. The whole book is written in the highest style of Hebrew poetry, except the two introductory chapters and part of the last, which are prose. As a poem, it is full of sublime sentiments and bold and striking images.
The DISEASE of Job is generally supposed to have been the elephantiasis, or black leprosy. The word rendered "boils" does not necessarily mean abscesses, but burning and inflammation; and no known disease better answers to the description given, Job 2:7-8; 7:5,13/type/acv'>13,13/type/acv'>13; 19:17; 30:17, than the leprosy referred to above. See LEPER.
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And his sons went and held a feast in the house of each one upon his day, and they sent and called for their three sisters to eat and to drink with them.
So Satan went forth from the presence of LORD, and smote Job with severe boils from the sole of his foot to his crown. And he took a potsherd for him to scrape himself with it, and he sat among the ashes.
He takes the wise in their own craftiness, and the counsel of the cunning is carried headlong.
My flesh is clothed with worms and clods of dust. My skin closes up, and breaks out afresh.
When I say, My bed shall comfort me. My couch shall ease my complaint.
When I say, My bed shall comfort me. My couch shall ease my complaint.
For there is hope of a tree, if it is cut down, that it will sprout again, and that the tender branch of it will not cease. Though the root of it grows old in the earth, and the trunk of it dies in the ground, read more. yet through the scent of water it will bud, and put forth boughs like a plant. But man dies, and is laid low. Yea, man gives up the spirit, and where is he? [As] the waters fail from the sea, and the river wastes away and dries up, so man lays down and does not rise. Till the heavens be no more, they shall not awake, nor be roused out of their sleep. O that thou would hide me in Sheol, that thou would keep me secret, until thy wrath be past, that thou would appoint for me a set time, and remember me! If a man dies, shall he live [again]? All the days of my warfare I would wait till my release should come. Thou would call, and I would answer thee. Thou would have a desire to the work of thy hands.
With us are both the gray-headed and the very aged men, much older than thy father.
My breath is strange to my wife, and my supplication to the sons of my own mother.
that they were engraved in the rock forever with an iron pen and lead! But as for me I know that my Redeemer lives, and at last he will stand up upon the earth. read more. And after my skin, this [body], is destroyed, then outside my flesh I shall see God, whom I, even I, shall see on my side, and my eyes shall behold, and not as a stranger. My heart is consumed within me.
Will thou keep the old way which wicked men have trodden? Who were snatched away before their time, whose foundation was poured out as a stream, read more. who said to God, Depart from us, and, What can the Almighty do for us?
In the night season my bones are pierced in me, and the [pains] that gnaw me take no rest.
He sings before men, and says, I have sinned, and perverted that which was right, and it did not profit me. He has redeemed my soul from going into the pit, and my life shall behold the light. read more. Lo, all these things God works twice, [yea] thrice, with a man, to bring back his soul from the pit, that he may be enlightened with the light of the living.
Therefore I abhor [myself], and repent in dust and ashes.
Now therefore, take to you seven bullocks and seven rams. And go to my servant Job, and offer up for yourselves a burnt-offering. And my servant Job shall pray for you, for him I will accept, that I not deal with you after your fol
And after this Job lived a hundred and forty years, and saw his sons, and his sons' sons, [even] four generations.
though these three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in it, they would deliver but their own souls by their righteousness, says lord LORD.
For the wisdom of this world is foolishness before God. For it is written, He who catches the wise in their craftiness,
Behold, we regard those who endured, blessed. Ye have heard of the fortitude of Job, and have seen the outcome of Lord, that he is very compassionate and merciful.
Easton
persecuted, an Arabian patriarch who resided in the land of Uz (q.v.). While living in the midst of great prosperity, he was suddenly overwhelmed by a series of sore trials that fell upon him. Amid all his sufferings he maintained his integrity. Once more God visited him with the rich tokens of his goodness and even greater prosperity than he had enjoyed before. He survived the period of trial for one hundred and forty years, and died in a good old age, an example to succeeding generations of integrity (Eze 14:14,20) and of submissive patience under the sorest calamities (Jas 5:11). His history, so far as it is known, is recorded in his book.
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though these three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in it, they would deliver but their own souls by their righteousness, says lord LORD.
though Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in it, as I live, says lord LORD, they would deliver neither son nor daughter, they would but deliver their own souls by their righteousness.
Behold, we regard those who endured, blessed. Ye have heard of the fortitude of Job, and have seen the outcome of Lord, that he is very compassionate and merciful.
Fausets
Age, and relation to the canon. The book has a unique position in the canon. It is unconnected with Israel, God's covenant people, with whom all the other scriptures are associated. "The law" (towrah),the Magna Charta of the rest, occurs but once, and then not in its technical sense (Job 22:22). The Exodus is never alluded to, though the miraculous events connected with it in Egypt and the desert, with both of which Job shows his acquaintance, would have been appropriate to his and the friends' argument. The destruction of the guilty by the flood (Job 22:15), and that of Sodom and Gomorrah (Job 18:15) possibly, are referred to; but no later facts. The inference seems natural that the book was of an age anterior to Israel. Job's own life was of patriarchal length, 200 years. The only idolatry alluded to is the earliest, Sabeanism, the worship of the sun, moon, and seba or heavenly hosts (Job 31:26-28).
Job sacrifices as priest for his family according to patriarchal usage, and alludes to no exclusive priesthood, temple, or altar. Lastly, the language is Hebrew with an Arabic and Syriac infusion found in no other sacred book, answering to an age when Hebrew still retained many of the elements of the original common Semitic, from which in time branched off Hebrew, Syriac, and Arabic, carrying with them severally fragments of the common stock. The obscurity of several phrases, the obsolete words and forgotten traditions (e.g. that of the bushmen, Job 30:4-7), all mark a remote antiquity. The admission of the book into the Hebrew canon, notwithstanding the absence of reference to Israel, is accounted for if Let's theory be adopted that Moses became acquainted with it during his stay in Arabia, near Horeb, and added the prologue and epilogue. To the afflicted Israelites Job's patience and restoration were calculated to be a lesson of special utility.
The restriction of "Jehovah" (the divine name revealed to Moses in its bringing the fulfillment of the promise to God's covenant people just at that time: Ex 6:3) mostly to the prologue and epilogue favors this view. The Holy Spirit directed him to canonize the oriental patriarch's inspired book, just as he embodies in the Pentateuch the utterances of Balaam the prophet from the mountains of the East. The grand theme of the book is to reconcile the saint's afflictions with God's moral government in this present world. The doctrine of a future life in which the seeming anomalies of the present shall be cleared up would have given the main solution to the problem. But as yet this great truth was kept less prominent until "the appearing of our Saviour Jesus Christ who hath abolished death and brought life and immortality to light through the gospel." Job plainly refers to the resurrection, but not with that persistent prominence with which the New Testament saints rest on it as their continual hope; Job does not make it his main solution.
Even still we need something in addition, to clear off the clouds which hang over God's present government of this fallen earth. The first consideration suggested in this sublime history and poem is, "an enemy hath done this." The veil which hides the world of spirits is drawn aside, and Satan, the accuser of the brethren, appears as the mediate cause of Job's afflictions. Satan must be let do his worst to show that his sneer is false that religion is but selfishness," doth Job fear God for naught?" (Job 1:9). The patience and the final perseverance of the saints (Job 1:21; 2:10; 13:15), notwithstanding temporary distrust under Satan's persecutions which entailed loss of family, friends, possessions, and bodily health, are illustrated in Job's history.
God's people serve Him for His own sake, not merely for the temporary reward His service generally brings; they serve Him even in overwhelming trial (Ge 15:1). Herein Job is a type though imperfectly of Him who alone, without once harbouring a distrustful thought, endured all this as well as death in its most agonizing, humiliating form, and, worse than all, the hiding of even God's countenance from Him. Job's chief agony was not so much his accumulated losses and sufferings, not even his being misunderstood by friends, but that God hid His face from him, as these calamities too truly seemed to prove (Job 23:9). Yet conscience told him he was no hypocrite, nay though God was slaying him he still trusted in God (Job 23:10-15; 13:15; compare Abraham, Genesis 22). Job's three trials are progressive:
1. His sudden loss of all blessings external to himself, possessions, servants, and sons; he conquers this temptation: "naked came I out of my mother's womb, and naked shall I return there; the Lord gave, and the Lord hath taken away, blessed be the name of the Lord."
2. His loss of bodily health by the most loathsome sickness; still he conquers: "shall we receive good at the hand of God, and shall we not receive evil?"
3. His mental conflict brought on by the three friends' suspicion of his insincerity, which he felt untrue, but which seemed justified by his trials from God; this was the poignant sting to his soul, for he accepted their premises, that great suffering proved great sin.
Here he failed; yet amidst his impatient groans he still clung desperately to his faith and followed hard after God, and felt sure God would yet vindicate him (Job 23:10; 19:25-27). His chief error was his undue self justification before God, which he at last utterly renounces (Job 30:25 to Job 31; Job 32:1; 33:9; 9:17; 10:7; 16:17; 27:5; 29:10-17; 40:4-5; 42:5-6). After fretfully demanding God's interposition (23) to vindicate his innocence he had settled down into the sad conviction that God heeds not, and that His ways of providence are as a theory inexplicable to man while practical wisdom is the fear of the Lord (Job 28:28). Elihu gives a leading solution of the problem. God not only hereafter shall judge the world, but even now providentially and morally controls all its affairs.
Even the righteous have sin which needs correction. God speaks to them by chastisement; He is not really silent (Job 16:21; 23:3; 31:35), as Job had complained (Job 33:14, etc.); He teaches them humility, and prepares them for pardon and life through the mediating Angel of the covenant (of whom Elihu is the type: Job 33:6-7,23-30). To Job's charge against God of injustice Elihu answers that God's omnipotence (Job 34:35-36), upholding man in life when He could destroy him, and His universal government, exclude the idea of injustice in Him. To Job's charge that God's providence is unsearchable, Elihu answers that suffering is to teach humility and adorntion of His greatness. Affliction to the saint is justice and mercy in disguise; he is thereby led to feel the heinousness of sin (via crucis via salutis), and not being permitted by God's love to fall away for ever he repents of the impatience which suffering betrayed him into for a time.
Then, justifying God and condemning himself, he is finally delivered from temporal afflictions. Now already the godly are happier amidst afflictions than the ungodly (Mr 10:29-30). Even these considerations do not exhaust the subject; still difficulties remain. To answer these, God Himself (Job 38) appears on the scene, and resolves all that remains uncleared into the one resting thought of faith, the sovereignty of God. We must wait for His solution hereafter of what we know not now (Joh 13:7). Elihu is the preacher appealing to Job's reason and conscience. God alone, in His appearing, brings home the truth experimentally to Job's heart: "Judge not the Lord by feeble sense, But trust Him for His grace; Behind a frowning Providence He hides a smiling face. Blind unbelief is sure to err, And scan God's work in vain; God is His own interpreter, And He will make it plain."
CONSTRUCTION. The artificial construction of the poem appears in the oft recurring sacred numbers three and seven. Job had seven thousand sheep, seven sons, and three daughters, both before and after his trials. His three friends sit with him seven days and nights. "Job" in Arabic means repentance, the name given him in after life from his experiences. His personal reality appears f
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And their dwelling was from Mesha, as thou go toward Sephar, the mountain of the east.
After these things the word of LORD came to Abram in a vision, saying, Fear not, Abram. I am thy shield, thy exceedingly great reward.
Uz his first born, and Buz his brother, and Kemuel the father of Aram,
These are the chiefs of the sons of Esau: The sons of Eliphaz the firstborn of Esau: chief Teman, chief Omar, chief Zepho, chief Kenaz,
And I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, as God Almighty, but I was not known to them by my name LORD.
I see him, but not now. I behold him, but not near. There shall come forth a star out of Jacob, and a scepter shall rise out of Israel, and shall smite through the corners of Moab, and break down all the sons of tumult.
His substance also was seven thousand sheep, and three thousand camels, and five hundred yoke of oxen, and five hundred she-donkeys, and a very great household, so that this man was the greatest of all the sons of the east.
Then Satan answered LORD, and said, Does Job fear God for nothing?
And he said, Naked I came out of my mother's womb, and naked I shall return there. LORD gave, and LORD has taken away, blessed be the name of LORD.
But he said to her, Thou speak as one of the foolish women speaks. What? Shall we receive good at the hand of God, and shall we not receive evil? In all this Job did not sin with his lips.
Let the day perish in which I was born, and the night which said, There is a man-child conceived.
He takes the wise in their own craftiness, and the counsel of the cunning is carried headlong.
For he breaks me with a tempest, and multiplies my wounds without cause.
although thou know that I am not wicked. And there is none that can deliver out of thy hand?
Behold, he will kill me; I have no hope. Nevertheless I will maintain my ways before him.
Behold, he will kill me; I have no hope. Nevertheless I will maintain my ways before him.
[As] the waters fail from the sea, and the river wastes away and dries up,
If a man dies, shall he live [again]? All the days of my warfare I would wait till my release should come.
Have thou heard the secret counsel of God? And do thou limit wisdom to thyself?
although there is no violence in my hands, and my prayer is pure.
that he would maintain the right of a man with God, and of a son of man with his neighbor!
There shall dwell in his tent that which is none of his. Brimstone shall be scattered upon his habitation.
But as for me I know that my Redeemer lives, and at last he will stand up upon the earth.
But as for me I know that my Redeemer lives, and at last he will stand up upon the earth. And after my skin, this [body], is destroyed, then outside my flesh I shall see God, read more. whom I, even I, shall see on my side, and my eyes shall behold, and not as a stranger. My heart is consumed within me.
When he is about to fill his belly, [God] will cast the fierceness of his wrath upon him, and will rain it upon him while he is eating. He shall flee from the iron weapon, and the bow of brass shall strike him through.
Receive, I pray thee, the law from his mouth, and lay up his words in thy heart.
When they cast [thee] down, thou shall say, [There is] lifting up, and he will save the humble man.
on the left hand, when he works, but I cannot behold him. He hides himself on the right hand, that I cannot see him. But he knows the way that I take. When he has tried me, I shall come forth as gold.
But he knows the way that I take. When he has tried me, I shall come forth as gold. My foot has held fast to his steps. I have kept his way, and not turned aside. read more. I have not gone back from the commandment of his lips, I have treasured up the words of his mouth more than my necessary food. But he is in one [mind], and who can turn him? And what his soul desires, even that he does. For he performs that which is appointed for me. And many such things are with him. Therefore I am terrified at his presence. When I consider, I am afraid of him.
Far be it from me that I should justify you. Till I die I will not put away my integrity from me.
And to man he said, Behold, the fear of LORD, that is wisdom, and to depart from evil is understanding.
The voice of the ranking men was hushed, and their tongue stuck to the roof of their mouth. For when the ear heard [me], then it blessed me, and when the eye saw [me], it gave witness to me. read more. Because I delivered the poor who cried, also the fatherless who had none to help him. The blessing of him who was ready to perish came upon me, and I caused the widow's heart to sing for joy. I put on righteousness, and it clothed me. My justice was as a robe and a diadem. I was eyes to the blind, and I was feet to the lame. I was a father to the needy, and I searched out the case of him whom I did not know. And I broke the jaws of the unrighteous, and plucked the prey out of his teeth.
I chose out their way, and sat [as] chief, and dwelt as a king in the army, as a man who comforts the mourners.
They pluck mallows by the bushes, and the roots of the juniper are their food. They are driven forth from the midst [of men]. They cry out after them as after a thief, read more. so that they dwell in frightful valleys, in holes of the earth and of the rocks. Among the bushes they bray, under the nettles they are gathered together.
Did I not weep for him who was in trouble? Was not my soul grieved for the needy?
if I have beheld the sun when it shone, or the moon walking in brightness, and my heart has been secretly enticed, and my mouth has kissed my hand read more. (this also is an iniquity to be punished by the judges, for I would have denied the God that is above);
O that I had someone to hear me (Lo, here is my signature, let the Almighty answer me), and [that I had] the indictment which my adversary has written!
So these three men ceased to answer Job because he was righteous in his own eyes.
Behold, I am toward God even as thou are. I also am formed out of the clay. Behold, my terror shall not make thee afraid, nor shall my pressure be heavy upon thee.
I am clean, without transgression. I am innocent, neither is there iniquity in me.
For God speaks once, yea twice, [though man] does not regard it.
If there be with him a [heavenly] agent, an interpreter, one among a thousand, to show to man what is right for him, then [God] is gracious to him, and says, Deliver him from going down to the pit; I have found a ransom. read more. His flesh shall be fresher than a child's. He returns to the days of his youth. He prays to God, and he is favorable to him, so that he sees his face with joy, and he restores to man his righteousness. He sings before men, and says, I have sinned, and perverted that which was right, and it did not profit me. He has redeemed my soul from going into the pit, and my life shall behold the light. Lo, all these things God works twice, [yea] thrice, with a man, to bring back his soul from the pit, that he may be enlightened with the light of the living.
Job speaks without knowledge, and his words are without wisdom. But surely not. Learn thou Job not to still give an answer like the foolish,
Then LORD answered Job out of the whirlwind, and said,
I had heard of thee by the hearing of the ear, but now my eye sees thee.
I had heard of thee by the hearing of the ear, but now my eye sees thee. Therefore I abhor [myself], and repent in dust and ashes.
For thou will not leave my soul to Sheol, nor will thou allow thy holy man to see corruption.
As for me, I shall behold thy face in righteousness. I shall be satisfied, when I awake, with thy form.
And the waters shall fail from the sea, and the river shall be wasted and become dry.
Cursed be the day in which I was born. Let not the day in which my mother bore me be blessed. Cursed be the man who brought news to my father, saying, A man-child is born to thee, making him very glad.
though these three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in it, they would deliver but their own souls by their righteousness, says lord LORD.
though these three men were in it, as I live, says lord LORD, they would deliver neither sons nor daughters, they only would be delivered, but the land would be desolate. Or if I bring a sword upon that land, and say, Sword, go through the land, so that I cut off from it man and beast, read more. though these three men were in it, as I live, says lord LORD, they would deliver neither sons nor daughters, but they only would be delivered themselves. Or if I send a pestilence into that land, and pour out my wrath upon it in blood, to cut off from it man and beast, though Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in it, as I live, says lord LORD, they would deliver neither son nor daughter, they would but deliver their own souls by their righteousness.
For wherever the carcass may be, there the vultures will be gathered together.
And having answered, Jesus said, Truly I say to you, there is no man who has left house, or brothers, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or lands, because of me, and because of the good-news, but he will receive a hundredfold now in this time, houses, and brothers, and sisters, and mothers, and children, and lands--with persecutions--and in the coming age, eternal life.
And he said to them, These are the words that I spoke to you while still being with you, that it is necessary for all things that are written in the law of Moses, and the prophets, and the psalms about me to be fulfulled.
Jesus answered and said to him, What I do thou do not know now, but thou will understand after these things.
For who has known the mind of Lord? Or who became his counselor? Or who first gave to him, and it will be repaid to him?
Be ye made lower in the sight of the Lord, and he will lift you up.
Behold, we regard those who endured, blessed. Ye have heard of the fortitude of Job, and have seen the outcome of Lord, that he is very compassionate and merciful.
searching for what, or what kind of time the Spirit of Christ in them indicated, predicting the sufferings in Christ, and the glories after these things. To whom it was revealed, that they were serving not themselves, but you, those things that were now reported to you by those who preached good-news to you in Holy Spirit, which was sent forth from heaven, into which things heavenly
Hastings
JOB
1. The man Job.
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And Bela died, and Jobab the son of Zerah of Bozrah reigned in his stead.
And Bela died, and Jobab the son of Zerah of Bozrah reigned in his stead.
And the sons of Issachar: Tola, and Puvah, and Asum, and Sambran.
And Moses said to LORD, Then the Egyptians will hear it, for thou brought up this people in thy might from among them, and they will tell it to the inhabitants of this land. They have heard that thou LORD are in the midst of this people, for thou LORD are seen face to face, and thy cloud stands over them, and thou go before them, in a pillar of clo read more. Now if thou shall kill this people as one man, then the nations which have heard the fame of thee will speak, saying, Because LORD was not able to bring this people into the land which he swore to them, therefore he has slain them in the wilderness.
And it came to pass, when Jabin king of Hazor heard of it, that he sent to Jobab king of Madon, and to the king of Shimron, and to the king of Achshaph,
And there were born to him seven sons and three daughters.
And there were born to him seven sons and three daughters.
and the Sabeans fell [upon them], and took them away. Yea, they have slain the servants with the edge of the sword, and only I alone have escaped to tell thee. While he was yet speaking, there came also another, and said, The fire of God fell from heaven, and has burned up the sheep and the servants, and consumed them, and only I alone have escaped to tell thee. read more. While he was yet speaking, there came also another, and said, The Chaldeans made three bands, and fell upon the camels, and have taken them away, yea, and slain the servants with the edge of the sword, and only I alone have escaped
And, behold, there came a great wind from the wilderness, and smote the four corners of the house, and it fell upon the young men, and they are dead, and only I alone have escaped to tell thee.
And he said, Naked I came out of my mother's womb, and naked I shall return there. LORD gave, and LORD has taken away, blessed be the name of LORD.
And he took a potsherd for him to scrape himself with it, and he sat among the ashes.
Now when Job's three friends heard of all this evil that came upon him, they came each one from his own place--Eliphaz the Temanite, and Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite--and they made an appointment together to come t
After this Job opened his mouth, and cursed his day.
Let the day perish in which I was born, and the night which said, There is a man-child conceived. Let that day be darkness. Let not God from above seek for it, nor let the light shine upon it.
Let them curse it who curse the day, who are ready to rouse up leviathan. Let the stars of the twilight of it be dark. Let it look for light, but have none, nor let it behold the eyelids of the morning. read more. Because it did not shut up the doors of my [mother's] womb, nor hide trouble from my eyes.
Now a thing was secretly brought to me, and my ear received a whisper of it. In thoughts from the visions of the night, when deep sleep falls on men, read more. fear came upon me, and trembling, which made all my bones to shake. Then a spirit passed before my face; the hair of my flesh stood up. It stood still, but I could not discern the appearance of it. A form was before my eyes. [There was] silence, and I heard a voice, [saying], Shall mortal man be more just than God? Shall a man be more pure than his maker? Behold, he puts no trust in his servants, and he charges his [heavenly] agents with folly. How much more those who dwell in houses of clay, whose foundation is in the dust, who are crushed before the moth! Between morning and evening they are destroyed. They perish forever without any regarding it. Is not their tent-cord plucked up within them? They die, and that without wisdom.
My brothers have dealt deceitfully as a brook, as the channel of brooks that pass away, which are black because of the ice, in which the snow hides itself. read more. What time they grow warm, they vanish. When it is hot, they are consumed out of their place. The caravans [that travel] by the way of them turn aside. They go up into the waste, and perish. The caravans of Tema looked, the companies of Sheba waited for them. They were put to shame because they had hoped. They came there, and were confounded.
What is man, that thou should magnify him, and that thou should set thy mind upon him,
So are the paths of all who forget God. And the hope of the profane man shall perish,
who makes the Bear, Orion, and the Pleiades, and the chambers of the south,
God will not withdraw his anger. The helpers of Rahab stoop under him.
Thy hands have made me and fashioned me together round about, yet thou destroy me. Remember, I beseech thee, that thou have fashioned me as clay. And will thou bring me into dust again? read more. Have thou not poured me out as milk, and curdled me like cheese? Thou have clothed me with skin and flesh, and knit me together with bones and sinews. Thou have granted me life and loving kindness, and thy visitation has preserved my spirit. Yet these things thou hid in thy heart. I know that this is with thee. If I sin, then thou mark me. And thou will not acquit me from my iniquity. If I be wicked, woe to me. And if I be righteous, yet I shall not lift up my head, being filled with shame, and looking upon my affliction. And if [my head] exalts itself, thou hunt me as a lion. And again thou show thyself marvelous upon me. Thou renew thy witnesses against me, and increase thine indignation upon me. Changes and warfare are with me.
Who does not know in all these, that the hand of LORD has wrought this,
He leads counselors away stripped, and he makes judges fools. He loosens the bond of kings, and he binds their loins with a belt. read more. He leads priests away stripped, and overthrows the mighty. He removes the speech of the trustworthy, and takes away the understanding of the elders. He pours contempt upon rulers, and weakens the strength of the strong. He uncovers deep things out of darkness, and brings out to light the shadow of death. He increases the nations, and he destroys them. He enlarges the nations, and he leads them captive. He takes away understanding from the chiefs of the people of the earth, and causes them to wander in a wilderness where there is no way. They grope in the dark without light, and he makes them to stagger like a drunken man.
Man, who is born of a woman, is of few days, and full of trouble. He comes forth like a flower, and is cut down. He too flees as a shadow, and does not continue. read more. And do thou open thine eyes upon such a one, and bring me into judgment with thee? Who can bring a clean thing out of an unclean? Not one.
Who can bring a clean thing out of an unclean? Not one. Seeing his days are determined, the number of his months is with thee, and thou have appointed his bounds that he cannot pass, read more. look away from him, that he may rest, till he shall accomplish, as a hireling, his day. For there is hope of a tree, if it is cut down, that it will sprout again, and that the tender branch of it will not cease. Though the root of it grows old in the earth, and the trunk of it dies in the ground, yet through the scent of water it will bud, and put forth boughs like a plant. But man dies, and is laid low. Yea, man gives up the spirit, and where is he? [As] the waters fail from the sea, and the river wastes away and dries up, so man lays down and does not rise. Till the heavens be no more, they shall not awake, nor be roused out of their sleep.
But now he has made me weary. Thou have made desolate all my company. And thou have laid fast hold on me, [which] is a witness [against me]. And my leanness rises up against me; it testifies to my face. read more. He has torn me in his wrath, and persecuted me. He has gnashed upon me with his teeth. My adversary sharpens his eyes upon me. They have gaped upon me with their mouth. They have smitten me upon the cheek reproachfully. They gather themselves together against me. God delivers me to the perverse, and casts me into the hands of the wicked. I was at ease, and he broke me apart. Yea, he has taken me by the neck, and dashed me to pieces. He has also set me up for his mark. His archers encompass me round about. He splits my reins apart, and does not spare. He pours out my gall upon the ground. He breaks me with breach upon breach. He runs upon me like a giant. I have sewed sackcloth upon my skin, and have laid my horn in the dust. My face is red with weeping, and the shadow of death is on my eyelids, although there is no violence in my hands, and my prayer is pure.
Even now, behold, my witness is in heaven, and he who vouches for me is on high.
But as for me I know that my Redeemer lives, and at last he will stand up upon the earth.
But as for me I know that my Redeemer lives, and at last he will stand up upon the earth. And after my skin, this [body], is destroyed, then outside my flesh I shall see God,
And after my skin, this [body], is destroyed, then outside my flesh I shall see God, whom I, even I, shall see on my side, and my eyes shall behold, and not as a stranger. My heart is consumed within me.
whom I, even I, shall see on my side, and my eyes shall behold, and not as a stranger. My heart is consumed within me.
Is not thy wickedness great? Neither is there any end to thine iniquities. For thou have taken pledges from thy brother for nothing, and stripped the naked of their clothing. read more. Thou have not given water to the weary to drink, and thou have withheld bread from the hungry. But as for the mighty man, he had the land. And the honorable man, he dwelt in it. Thou have sent widows away empty, and the arms of the fatherless have been broken.
Receive, I pray thee, the law from his mouth, and lay up his words in thy heart.
Swiftly they [pass away] upon the face of the waters. Their portion is cursed in the earth. They do not turn into the way of the vineyards. Drought and heat consume the snow waters, [and] Sheol [those who] have sinned. read more. The womb shall forget him. The worm shall feed sweetly on him. He shall be no more remembered. And unrighteousness shall be broken as a tree. He devours the barren who do not bear, and does no good to the widow.
Dominion and fear are with him. He makes peace in his high places.
Then Job answered, and said, How thou have helped him who is without power! How thou have saved the arm that has no strength! read more. How thou have counseled him who has no wisdom, and plentifully declared sound knowledge! To whom have thou uttered words? And whose spirit came forth from thee? Those who are deceased tremble beneath the waters and the inhabitants of it. Sheol is naked before [God], and Abaddon has no covering. He stretches out the north over empty space, and hangs the earth upon nothing. He binds up the waters in his thick clouds, and the cloud is not rent under them. He encloses the face of his throne, and spreads his cloud upon it. He has described a boundary upon the face of the waters, to the confines of light and darkness. The pillars of heaven tremble and are astonished at his rebuke. He stirs up the sea with his power, and by his understanding he smites through Rahab.
He stirs up the sea with his power, and by his understanding he smites through Rahab. By his Spirit the heavens are garnished. His hand has pierced the swift serpent.
By his Spirit the heavens are garnished. His hand has pierced the swift serpent. Lo, these are but the periphery of his ways. And how small a whisper do we hear of him! But the thunder of his power who can understand?
As God lives, who has taken away my right, and the Almighty, who has vexed my soul. (For my life is yet whole in me. And the spirit of God is in my nostrils.) read more. Surely my lips shall not speak unrighteousness, nor shall my tongue utter deceit. Far be it from me that I should justify you. Till I die I will not put away my integrity from me.
Far be it from me that I should justify you. Till I die I will not put away my integrity from me. I hold fast my righteousness, and will not let it go. My heart shall not reproach [me] so long as I live.
I hold fast my righteousness, and will not let it go. My heart shall not reproach [me] so long as I live. Let my enemy be as the wicked, and let him who rises up against me be as the unrighteous.
Let my enemy be as the wicked, and let him who rises up against me be as the unrighteous. For what is the hope of the profane, though he gets him gain, when God takes away his soul?
For what is the hope of the profane, though he gets him gain, when God takes away his soul? Will God hear his cry when trouble comes upon him?
Will God hear his cry when trouble comes upon him? Will he delight himself in the Almighty, and call upon God at all times?
Will he delight himself in the Almighty, and call upon God at all times? I will teach you concerning the hand of God. That which is with the Almighty I will not conceal.
I will teach you concerning the hand of God. That which is with the Almighty I will not conceal. Behold, all ye yourselves have seen it. Why then have ye become altogether vain? read more. This is the portion of a wicked man with God, and the heritage of oppressors, which they receive from the Almighty.
This is the portion of a wicked man with God, and the heritage of oppressors, which they receive from the Almighty. If his sons be multiplied, it is for the sword. And his offspring shall not be satisfied with bread.
If his sons be multiplied, it is for the sword. And his offspring shall not be satisfied with bread. Those who remain of him shall be buried in death, and his widows shall make no lamentation. read more. Though he heaps up silver as the dust, and prepares raiment as the clay, he may prepare it, but the just shall put it on, and the innocent shall divide the silver. He builds his house as the moth, and as a booth which the keeper makes. He lays down rich, but he shall not be gathered [to his fathers]. He opens his eyes, and he is not. Terrors overtake him like waters. A tempest steals him away in the night. The east wind carries him away, and he departs, and it sweeps him out of his place. For [God] shall hurl at him, and not spare. He would gladly flee out of his hand. Men shall clap their hands at him, and shall hiss him out of his place.
Men shall clap their hands at him, and shall hiss him out of his place.
And to man he said, Behold, the fear of LORD, that is wisdom, and to depart from evil is understanding.
Then I said, I shall die in my nest, and I shall multiply my days as the sand.
let thistles grow instead of wheat, and cockle instead of barley. The words of Job are ended.
let thistles grow instead of wheat, and cockle instead of barley. The words of Job are ended.
So these three men ceased to answer Job because he was righteous in his own eyes. Then the anger of Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite, of the family of Ram, was kindled. His anger was kindled against Job because he justified himself rather than God. read more. His anger was also kindled against his three friends because they had found no answer, and yet had condemned Job. Now Elihu had waited to speak to Job, because they were older than he. And when Elihu saw that there was no answer in the mouth of these three men, his anger was kindled. And Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite answered and said, I am young, and ye are very old. Therefore I held back, and dared not show you my opinion.
He also is chastened with pain upon his bed, and with continual strife in his bones, so that his life abhors bread, and his soul dainty food. read more. His flesh is consumed away that it cannot be seen. And his bones that were not seen stick out. Yea, his soul draws near to the pit, and his life to the destroyers. If there be with him a [heavenly] agent, an interpreter, one among a thousand, to show to man what is right for him, then [God] is gracious to him, and says, Deliver him from going down to the pit; I have found a ransom. His flesh shall be fresher than a child's. He returns to the days of his youth. He prays to God, and he is favorable to him, so that he sees his face with joy, and he restores to man his righteousness. He sings before men, and says, I have sinned, and perverted that which was right, and it did not profit me. He has redeemed my soul from going into the pit, and my life shall behold the light.
He also opens their ear to instruction, and commands that they return from iniquity.
He delivers the afflicted by their affliction, and opens their ear in oppression.
He delivers the afflicted by their affliction, and opens their ear in oppression.
Then LORD answered Job out of the whirlwind, and said,
Can thou bind the cluster of the Pleiades, or loose the bands of Orion?
The wings of the ostrich wave proudly, [but] are they the pinions and plumage of love? For she leaves her eggs on the ground, and warms them in the dust. read more. And she forgets that the foot may crush them, or that the wild beast may trample them. She deals hardly with her young ones, as if they were not hers. Though her labor be in vain, [she is] without fear, because God has deprived her of wisdom, nor has he imparted understanding to her. The time she lifts up herself on high she scorns the horse and his rider.
I had heard of thee by the hearing of the ear, but now my eye sees thee.
And it was so, that, after LORD had spoken these words to Job, LORD said to Eliphaz the Temanite, My wrath is kindled against thee, and against thy two friends. For ye have not spoken of me the thing that is right, as my servant Jo
And it was so, that, after LORD had spoken these words to Job, LORD said to Eliphaz the Temanite, My wrath is kindled against thee, and against thy two friends. For ye have not spoken of me the thing that is right, as my servant Jo Now therefore, take to you seven bullocks and seven rams. And go to my servant Job, and offer up for yourselves a burnt-offering. And my servant Job shall pray for you, for him I will accept, that I not deal with you after your fol
Now therefore, take to you seven bullocks and seven rams. And go to my servant Job, and offer up for yourselves a burnt-offering. And my servant Job shall pray for you, for him I will accept, that I not deal with you after your fol So Eliphaz the Temanite and Bildad the Shuhite and Zophar the Naamathite went and did according as LORD commanded them, and LORD accepted Job. read more. And LORD turned [back] the captivity of Job when he prayed for his friends. And LORD gave Job twice as much as he had before. Then there came to him all his brothers, and all his sisters, and all those who had been of his acquaintance before, and ate bread with him in his house. And they bemoaned him, and comforted him concerning all the evil that LORD ha So LORD blessed the latter end of Job more than his beginning. And he had fourteen thousand sheep, and six thousand camels, and a thousand yoke of oxen, and a thousand she-donkeys.
So LORD blessed the latter end of Job more than his beginning. And he had fourteen thousand sheep, and six thousand camels, and a thousand yoke of oxen, and a thousand she-donkeys. He had also seven sons and three daughters.
He had also seven sons and three daughters.
He had also seven sons and three daughters. And he called the name of the first, Jemimah, and the name of the second, Keziah, and the name of the third, Keren-happuch. read more. And in all the land were no women found so fair as the daughters of Job. And their father gave them inheritance among their brothers. And after this Job lived a hundred and forty years, and saw his sons, and his sons' sons, [even] four generations. So Job died, being old and full of days.
what is man that thou remember him? And the son of man that thou succor him?
Cursed be the day in which I was born. Let not the day in which my mother bore me be blessed. Cursed be the man who brought news to my father, saying, A man-child is born to thee, making him very glad. read more. And let that man be as the cities which LORD overthrew, and did not relent. And let him hear a cry in the morning, and shouting at noontime, because he did not kill me from the womb, and so my mother would have been my grave, and her womb always great. Why did I come forth out of the womb to see labor and sorrow, that my days should be consumed with shame?
And the word of LORD came to me, saying, Son of man, when a land sins against me by committing a trespass, and I stretch out my hand upon it, and break the staff of the bread thereof, and send famine upon it, and cut off from it man and beast, read more. though these three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in it, they would deliver but their own souls by their righteousness, says lord LORD. If I cause evil beasts to pass through the land, and they ravage it, and it be made desolate, so that no man may pass through because of the beasts, though these three men were in it, as I live, says lord LORD, they would deliver neither sons nor daughters, they only would be delivered, but the land would be desolate. Or if I bring a sword upon that land, and say, Sword, go through the land, so that I cut off from it man and beast, though these three men were in it, as I live, says lord LORD, they would deliver neither sons nor daughters, but they only would be delivered themselves. Or if I send a pestilence into that land, and pour out my wrath upon it in blood, to cut off from it man and beast, though Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in it, as I live, says lord LORD, they would deliver neither son nor daughter, they would but deliver their own souls by their righteousness.
But in mount Zion there shall be those who escape, and it shall be holy, and the house of Jacob shall possess their possessions.
Behold, we regard those who endured, blessed. Ye have heard of the fortitude of Job, and have seen the outcome of Lord, that he is very compassionate and merciful.
Morish
1. The 'perfect and upright man' whose history is given in the book of Job.
2. Son of Issachar. Ge 46:13. See JASHUB.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And the sons of Issachar: Tola, and Puvah, and Asum, and Sambran.
Smith
(persecuted), the third son of Issachar,
called in another genealogy JASHUB.
See Jashub
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And the sons of Issachar: Tola, and Puvah, and Asum, and Sambran.
Watsons
JOB, a patriarch celebrated for his patience, and the constancy of his piety and virtue. That Job was a real, and not a fictitious, character, may be inferred from the manner in which he is mentioned in the Scriptures. Thus, the Prophet Ezekiel speaks of him: "Though these three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in it, they should deliver but their own souls by their righteousness, saith the Lord God," Eze 14:14. Now since Noah and Daniel were unquestionably real characters, we must conclude the same of Job. "Behold," says the Apostle James, "we count them happy which endure: ye have heard of the patience of Job, and have seen the end of the Lord, that the Lord is very pitiful, and of tender mercy," Jas 5:11. It is scarcely to be believed that a divinely inspired Apostle would refer to an imaginary character as an example of patience, or in proof of the mercy of God. But, beside the authority of the inspired writers, we have the strongest internal evidence, from the book itself, that Job was a real person; for it expressly specifies the names of persons, places, facts, and other circumstances usually related in true histories. Thus, we have the name, country, piety, wealth, &c, of Job described, Job i; the names, number, and acts of his children are mentioned; the conduct of his wife is recorded as a fact, Job ii; his friends, their names, countries, and discourses with him in his afflictions are minutely delineated, Job 2:11, &c. Farther: no reasonable doubt can be entertained respecting the real existence of Job, when we consider that it is proved by the concurrent testimony of all eastern tradition: he is mentioned by the author of the book of Tobit, who lived during the Assyrian captivity; he is also repeatedly mentioned by Arabian writers as a real character. The whole of his history, with many fabulous additions, was known among the Syrians and Chaldeans; and many of the noblest families among the Arabs are distinguished by his name, and boast of being descended from him.
Since, then, says Horne, the book of Job contains the history of a real character, the next point is the age in which he lived, a question concerning which there is as great a diversity of opinion, as upon any other subject connected with this venerable monument of sacred antiquity. One thing, however, is generally admitted with respect to the age of the book of Job, namely, its remote antiquity. Even those who contend for the later production of the book of Job are compelled to acquiesce in this particular. Grotius thinks the events of the history are such as cannot be placed later than the sojourning of the Israelites in the wilderness. Bishop Warburton, in like manner, admits them to bear the marks of high antiquity; and Michaelis confesses the manners to be perfectly Abrahamic, that is, such as were common to all the seed of Abraham, Israelites, Ishmaelites, and Idumeans. The following are the principal circumstances from which the age of Job may be collected and ascertained:
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And Noah built an altar to LORD, and took of every clean beast, and of every clean bird, and offered burnt offerings on the altar.
And Melchizedek king of Salem brought forth bread and wine. And he was priest of God Most High.
And she bore him Zimran, and Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and Ishbak, and Shuah. And Jokshan begot Sheba, and Dedan. And the sons of Dedan were Asshurim, and Letushim, and Leummim.
And Pharaoh called Joseph's name Zaphenath-paneah, and he gave him Asenath, the daughter of Poti-phera priest of On, for a wife. And Joseph went out over the land of Egypt.
And Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, took a burnt-offering and sacrifices for God. And Aaron came, and all the elders of Israel, to eat bread with Moses' father-in-law before God.
And the outermost cities of the tribe of the sons of Judah toward the border of Edom in the South were Kabzeel, and Eder, and Jagur,
and Gederoth, Beth-dagon, and Naamah, and Makkedah; sixteen cities with their villages.
There was a man in the land of Uz whose name was Job, and that man was perfect and upright, and one who feared God, and turned away from evil.
And his sons went and held a feast in the house of each one upon his day, and they sent and called for their three sisters to eat and to drink with them. And it was so, when the days of their feasting were completed, that Job sent and sanctified them, and rose up early in the morning, and offered burnt-offerings according to the number of them all. For Job said, It may be that my so
Now when Job's three friends heard of all this evil that came upon him, they came each one from his own place--Eliphaz the Temanite, and Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite--and they made an appointment together to come t
For inquire, I pray thee, of the former age, and apply thyself to that which their fathers have searched out (for we are but of yesterday, and know nothing, because our days upon earth are a shadow).
For thou write bitter things against me, and make me to inherit the iniquities of my youth.
With us are both the gray-headed and the very aged men, much older than thy father.
O that my words were now written! O that they were inscribed in a book, that they were engraved in the rock forever with an iron pen and lead!
if I have beheld the sun when it shone, or the moon walking in brightness, and my heart has been secretly enticed, and my mouth has kissed my hand read more. (this also is an iniquity to be punished by the judges, for I would have denied the God that is above);
And shall I wait because they do not speak, because they stand still, and answer no more? I also will answer my part. I also will show my opinion,
So LORD blessed the latter end of Job more than his beginning. And he had fourteen thousand sheep, and six thousand camels, and a thousand yoke of oxen, and a thousand she-donkeys.
And after this Job lived a hundred and forty years, and saw his sons, and his sons' sons, [even] four generations.
And after this Job lived a hundred and forty years, and saw his sons, and his sons' sons, [even] four generations.
Dedan, and Tema, and Buz, and all who have the corners [of their hair] cut off,
Of Edom. Thus says LORD of hosts: Is wisdom no more in Teman? Has counsel perished from the prudent? Has their wisdom vanished? Flee ye, turn back, dwell in the depths, O inhabitants of Dedan. For I will bring the calamity of Esau upon him, the time that I shall visit him.
Therefore hear ye the counsel of LORD that he has taken against Edom, and his purposes, that he has purposed against the inhabitants of Teman: Surely they shall drag them away, [even] the little ones of the flock. Surely he shall m
though these three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in it, they would deliver but their own souls by their righteousness, says lord LORD.
therefore thus says lord LORD: I will stretch out my hand upon Edom, and will cut off man and beast from it, and I will make it desolate. From Teman, even to Dedan they shall fall by the sword.
Thus says LORD: For three transgressions of Edom, yea, for four, I will not turn away the punishment of it, because he pursued his brother with the sword, and cast off all pity. And his anger tore perpetually, and he kept his wrath But I will send a fire upon Teman, and it shall devour the palaces of Bozrah.
Shall I not in that day, says LORD, destroy the wise men out of Edom, and understanding out of the mount of Esau? And thy mighty men, O Teman, shall be dismayed, to the end that everyone may be cut off from the mount of Esau by slaughter.
Behold, we regard those who endured, blessed. Ye have heard of the fortitude of Job, and have seen the outcome of Lord, that he is very compassionate and merciful.