Reference: Bread
American
A word which in Scripture is often put for food in general, Ge 3:19; 18:5; 28:20; Ex 2:20; Le 11:3. Manna is called bread from heaven, Ex 16:4. Bread, in the proper and literal sense, usually means cakes made of wheaten flour; barely being used chiefly by the poor and for feeding horses. The wheat was ground daily, in small stone mills; the flour was made into dough in a wooden trough, and subsequently leavened, Ex 12:34; Ho 7:4. It was then made into cakes, and baked.
The ancient Hebrews had several ways of baking bread: of baking bread: they often baked it under the ashes upon the earth, upon round copper or iron plates, or in pans or stoves made on purpose. The Arabians and other oriental nations, among whom wood is scarce, often bake their bread between two fires made of cow-dung, which burns slowly. The bread is good, if eaten the same day, but the crust is black and burnt, and retains a smell of the fuel used in baking it. This explains Eze 4:9,15.
The Hebrews, in common with other eastern people, had a kind of oven, (tannoor,) which is like a large pitcher, open at top, in which they made a fire. When it was well heated, they mingled flour in water, and this paste they applied to the outside of the pitcher. Such bread is baked in an instant, and is taken off in thin, fine pieces, like our wafers, Le 2. Bread was also baked in cavities sunk in the ground, or the floor of the tent, and well lined with compost or cement. A tire was built on the floor of this oven; and the sides being sufficiently heated, thin cakes were adroitly stuck upon towns there were public ovens, and bakers by trade, Jer 37:21; Ho 7:4.
As the Hebrews generally made their bread thin, and in the form of flat cakes, or wafers, they did not cut it with a knife, but broke it, La 4:4, which gave rise to that expression so usual in Scripture, of "breaking bread," to signify eating, sitting down to table, taking a repast. In the institution of the Lord's supper, our Savior broke the bread which he had consecrated; whence "to break bread," and "breaking of bread," in the New Testament are used for celebrating the Lord's supper. See under EATING.
SHOWBREAD, Heb. Bread of presence, was bread offered every Sabbath-day to God on the golden table which stood in the holy place, Ex 25:30; twelve cakes of unleavened bread, offered with salt and frankincense, Le 2:13; 24:5-9. The show-bread could be lawfully eaten by none but the priests; nevertheless, David having received some of these loaves from the high-priest Abimelech, ate of them without scruple in his necessity,
1Sa 21:1-6; and our Savior quotes his example to justify the disciples, who had bruised ears of corn, and were eating them on the Sabbath-day. Mt 12:1-4.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
In the sweat of thy face, shalt thou eat bread, until thou return to the ground, because therefrom, wast thou taken, - For, dust, thou art, And, unto dust, shalt thou return.
And let me fetch a morsel of bread, and stay ye your heart, Afterwards, ye may pass on, For on this account, have ye passed by, over against your servant. And they said, Thus, shalt thou do as thou hast spoken.
And Jacob vowed a vow, saying, - If God will be with me, and will keep me in this way whereon, I, am going, and give me bread to eat and raiment to put on;
And he said unto his daughters - And where is he? wherefore is it that ye left the man? Call him that he may eat bread.
So the people took up their dough, ere yet it was leavened, - with their kneading-bowls, bound up in their mantles on their shoulders,
Then said Yahweh unto Moses, Behold me! ruining down for you bread out of heaven, - and the people shall go out and gather the portion for a day, on its day, that I may prove them whether they will walk in my law, or not.
And thou shalt place upon the table Presence-bread, before me continually.
And, every meal-offering oblation of thine, with salt, shalt thou season, and thou shelf not suffer to be lacking the salt of the covenant of thy God, from upon thy meal-offering, - upon every oblation of thine, shalt thou offer salt.
Whatsoever parteth the hoof and is cloven-footed, and cheweth the cud among beasts, that, may ye eat.
And thou shalt take fine meal, and bake it, in twelve cakes, - of two-tenths, shall each cake be. And thou shalt set them in two rows, six in a row, - upon the pure table, before Yahweh. read more. And thou shalt put upon each row pure frankincense, - so shall it belong unto the bread as a memorial, an altar-flame unto Yahweh. Sabbath day by sabbath day, shall he order it before Yahweh continually, - from the sons of Israel as an age-abiding covenant: so shall it be for Aaron and for his sons, and they shall eat it in a holy place, - for most holy, shall it be unto him from among the altar-flames of Yahweh, a statute age-abiding.
Then came David to Nob, unto Ahimelech, the priest, - and Ahimelech trembled when he met David, and said unto him - Why art thou, alone, and, no man, with thee? And David said unto Ahimelech the priest - The king, hath charged me with a matter, and hath said unto me - Let, no man, know aught of the business on which I am sending thee, and with which I have charged thee, - But, unto the young men, have I appointed, such and such a place. read more. Now, therefore, what is there under thy hand? Five loaves, give thou into my hand, - or, whatever can be found. And the priest answered David, and said, There is no common bread under my hand, - but, hallowed bread, there is, if the young men have kept themselves, at least from women. And David answered the priest and said to him - Of a truth, women, have been withheld from us, of late, through my coming out, and the wallets of the young men have become hallowed, - while the bread , itself, is in a manner common, and the more so since, to-day, there are other loaves to be hallowed, in the vessel. So the priest gave him hallowed bread , - because there was there no bread, save the Presence-Bread, which had to be removed from before Yahweh, to put hot bread, on the day when it should be taken away.
Then King Zedekiah gave command and they committed Jeremiah into the guard-court, and said that there should be given him a cake of bread daily, out of the bakers street, until all the bread out of the city should be spent, So Jeremiah remained in the guard-court.
The tongue of the suckling, cleaveth to the roof of his mouth for thirst, - Young children, have asked bread, there was none, to break, it to them.
Thou, therefore, take thee wheat and barley and peas and lentils and millet and spelt, and put them in one vessel, and make them ready for thee as bread, - during the number of days which thou art lying on thy side. a hundred and ninety days, shalt thou eat it;
So then he said unto me, See I have granted thee cows dung for mans dung, - and thou shalt prepare thy bread thereupon.
They all, are adulterers, like an oven too hot for the baker, - who leaveth off stoking, after kneading the dough, till the whole be leavened.
They all, are adulterers, like an oven too hot for the baker, - who leaveth off stoking, after kneading the dough, till the whole be leavened.
In that season, went Jesus, on, the sabbath, through the cornfields, - and, his disciples, hungered, and began to pluck ears of corn, and to eat. But, the Pharisees, observing it, said unto him, Lo! thy disciples, are doing what is not allowed to do, on sabbath. read more. And he said unto them, have ye never read what, David, did, when he hungered, and they who were with him? how he entered into the house of God and, the presence-bread, did eat, which it was not, allowable, for him to eat, nor for them who were with him, - save for the priests, alone?
Easton
among the Jews was generally made of wheat (Ex 29:2; Jg 6:19), though also sometimes of other grains (Ge 14:18; Jg 7:13). Parched grain was sometimes used for food without any other preparation (Ru 2:14).
Bread was prepared by kneading in wooden bowls or "kneading troughs" (Ge 18:6; Ex 12:34; Jer 7:18). The dough was mixed with leaven and made into thin cakes, round or oval, and then baked. The bread eaten at the Passover was always unleavened (Ex 12:15-20; De 16:3). In the towns there were public ovens, which were much made use of for baking bread; there were also bakers by trade (Ho 7:4; Jer 37:21). Their ovens were not unlike those of modern times. But sometimes the bread was baked by being placed on the ground that had been heated by a fire, and by covering it with the embers (1Ki 19:6). This was probably the mode in which Sarah prepared bread on the occasion referred to in Ge 18:6.
In Le 2 there is an account of the different kinds of bread and cakes used by the Jews. (See Bake.)
The shew-bread (q.v.) consisted of twelve loaves of unleavened bread prepared and presented hot on the golden table every Sabbath. They were square or oblong, and represented the twelve tribes of Israel. The old loaves were removed every Sabbath, and were to be eaten only by the priests in the court of the sanctuary (Ex 25:30; Le 24:8; 1Sa 21:1-6; Mt 12:4).
The word bread is used figuratively in such expressions as "bread of sorrows" (Ps 127:2), "bread of tears" (Ps 80:5), i.e., sorrow and tears are like one's daily bread, they form so great a part in life. The bread of "wickedness" (Pr 4:17) and "of deceit" (Pr 20:17) denote in like manner that wickedness and deceit are a part of the daily life.
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flow Melchizedek king of Salem, had brought forth bread and wine, - he, being priest of GOD Most High.
So Abraham hastened towards the tent unto Sarah, - and said, Hasten thou three measures of fine meal, knead it, and make hearth-cakes.
So Abraham hastened towards the tent unto Sarah, - and said, Hasten thou three measures of fine meal, knead it, and make hearth-cakes.
Seven days, unleavened cakes, shall ye eat, surely, on the first day, shall ye put away leaven, out of your houses, - for whosoever eateth what is leavened, then shall that soul be cut off out of Israel, from the first day, unto the seventh day. Both on the first day, a holy convocation, and on the seventh day - a holy convocation, shall there be to you, - no work, shall be done therein, save only what must be eaten by every soul, that alone, shall be done by you. read more. So then ye shall observe the unleavened cakes, because on this self-same day, brought I forth your hosts out of the land of Egypt, - so then ye shall observe this day to your generations, as a statute age-abiding, In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month in the evening, shall ye eat unleavened cakes, - until the one-and-twentieth day of the month in the evening, For seven days, leaven, shall not be found in your houses, - for, whosoever eateth what is leavened, then shall that soul be cut off out of the assembly of Israel, whether sojourner or native of the land. Nothing leavened, shall ye eat, - in all your dwellings, shall ye eat unleavened cakes.
So the people took up their dough, ere yet it was leavened, - with their kneading-bowls, bound up in their mantles on their shoulders,
And thou shalt place upon the table Presence-bread, before me continually.
and bread unleavened and cakes unleavened with oil poured over, and wafers unleavened anointed with oil, - of fine wheaten meal, shalt thou make them;
Sabbath day by sabbath day, shall he order it before Yahweh continually, - from the sons of Israel as an age-abiding covenant:
Thou shalt not eat therewith any thing leavened, seven days, shalt thou eat therewith unleavened cakes the bread of humiliation, - for in haste, camest thou forth out of the land of Egypt, that thou mayest remember the day when thou earnest forth out of the land of Egypt, all the days of thy life.
So, Gideon, went in, and made ready a kid of the goats, and, of an ephah of meal, unleavened cakes, the flesh, he put in a basket, and, the broth, he put in a pot, - and brought them forth unto him, under the oak, and presented them.
And Gideon came in, and lo! a man relating to his neighbour a dream, - and he said - Lo! a dream, have I dreamt, and lo! a round cake of barley bread tumbling into the camp of Midian, and it came as far as the tent - and smote it that it fell, and turned it upside down, and the tent lay along.
And Boaz said to her at mealtime - Draw nigh hither, and eat of the bread, and dip thy morsel in the vinegar. So she sat beside the reapers, and there was reached to her parched corn, and she did eat and was satisfied, and left thereof remaining.
So he looked about, and lo! at his head, a cake baked on hot stones, and a cruse of water, - and he did eat and drink, and then went back and lay down.
Thou hast fed them with the food of tears, And hast caused them to drink the water of weeping in threefold abundance.
For they consume bread gotten by lawlessness, and, wine obtained by violence, they drink.
Sweet to a man, may be the bread of falsehood, but, afterward, shall his mouth be filled with gravel.
The children, gather wood, and The fathers, kindle the fire, and The women, knead dough, - To make sacrificial cakes to the queen of the heavens, And to pour out drink-offerings to other gods, Provoking me to anger!
Then King Zedekiah gave command and they committed Jeremiah into the guard-court, and said that there should be given him a cake of bread daily, out of the bakers street, until all the bread out of the city should be spent, So Jeremiah remained in the guard-court.
They all, are adulterers, like an oven too hot for the baker, - who leaveth off stoking, after kneading the dough, till the whole be leavened.
he entered into the house of God and, the presence-bread, did eat, which it was not, allowable, for him to eat, nor for them who were with him, - save for the priests, alone?
Fausets
First undoubtedly mentioned in Ge 18:6. The best being made of wheat; the inferior of barley, used by the poor, and in scarcity (Joh 6:9,13; Re 4:6; 2Ki 4:38,42). An ephah or "three measures" was the amount of meal required for a single baking, answering to the size of the oven (Mt 13:33). The mistress of the house and even a king's daughter did not think baking beneath them (2Sa 13:8). Besides there were public bakers (Ho 7:4), and in Jerusalem a street tenanted by bakers (Jer 37:21); Nehemiah mentions "the tower of the furnaces," or ovens (Ne 3:11; 12:38). Their loaf was thinner in shape and crisper than ours, from whence comes the phrase, not cutting, but breaking bread (Mt 14:19; Ac 20:7,11). Ex 12:34 implies the small size of their kneading troughs, for they were "bound up in their clothes (the outer garment, a large square cloth) upon their shoulders."
As bread was made in thin cakes it soon became dry, as the Gibeonites alleged as to their bread (Jos 9:12), and so fresh bread was usually baked every day, which usage gives point to "give us day by day our daily bread" (Lu 11:3). When the kneading was completed leaven was added; but when time was short unleavened cakes were hastily baked, as is the present Bedouin usage; termed in Ex 12:8-20 matsowt, i.e. pure loaves, having no leaven, which ferments the dough and so produces corruption, and is therefore symbol of mortal corruption (1Co 5:8); therefore excluded from the Passover, as also to commemorate the haste of Israel's departure. Leaven was similarly excluded from sacrifices (Le 2:11).
The leavened dough was sometimes exposed to a moderate heat all night while the baker slept: Ho 7:4-6; "as an oven heated by the baker who ceaseth from raising (rather, heating) after he hath kneaded the dough, until it be leavened; for they have made ready their heart like an oven, whiles they lie in wait ... their baker sleepeth all the night; in the morning it burneth as a flaming fire." Their heart was like an oven first heated by Satan, then left to burn with the pent up fire of their corrupt passions. Like the baker sleeping at night, Satan rests secure that at the first opportunity the hidden fires will break forth, ready to execute whatever evil he suggests. The bread was divided into round cakes, or "loaves," three of which sufficed for one person's meal (Lu 11:5). "Bread of affliction" or "adversity" would be a quantity less than this (1Ki 22:27; Isa 30:20). Oil was sometimes mixed with the flour.
There were also cakes of finer flour, called "heart cakes" (as our "cordial" is derived from cor, "the heart"), a heart strengthening pastry (2Sa 13:8-10 margin), a pancake, possibly with stimulant seeds in it, quickly made; such as Tamar prepared and shook out (not "poured" as a liquid) from the pan, for Amnon. The loaves used to be taken to the oven in a basket upon the head (Ge 40:16), which exactly accords with Egyptian usage, men carrying burdens on their heads, women on their shoulders. The variety of Egyptian confectionery is evident from the monuments still extant. The "white baskets" may mean "baskets of white bread."
The oven of each house was a stone or metal jar, heated inwardly, often with dried "grass" (illustrating Mt 6:30). When the fire burned down the cakes were applied inwardly or outwardly. Cakes were sometimes baked on heated stones, or between layers of dung, the slow burning of which adapts it for baking (Eze 4:15). They needed to be turned in baking, like Scotch oatcakes. Ho 7:8, "Ephraim is a cake not turned": burnt on one side, unbaked on the other, the fire spoiling, not penetrating it; so religious professors, outwardly warm, inwardly cold; on one side overdone, on the other not vitally influenced at all; Jehus professing great "zeal for the Lord," really zealous for themselves.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
So Abraham hastened towards the tent unto Sarah, - and said, Hasten thou three measures of fine meal, knead it, and make hearth-cakes.
So Abraham hastened towards the tent unto Sarah, - and said, Hasten thou three measures of fine meal, knead it, and make hearth-cakes.
Then the chief of the bakers, seeing that he had well interpreted, said unto Joseph, I, too, was in my dream, when lo! three wicker baskets of fine bread were on my head;
Then the chief of the bakers, seeing that he had well interpreted, said unto Joseph, I, too, was in my dream, when lo! three wicker baskets of fine bread were on my head;
Then shall they eat the flesh, in the same night, - roast with fire, and with unleavened cakes, with bitter herbs, shall they eat it.
Then shall they eat the flesh, in the same night, - roast with fire, and with unleavened cakes, with bitter herbs, shall they eat it. Do not eat of it underdone, nor cooked by boiling in water, - but roast with fire, its head with it, legs, and with its inward parts.
Do not eat of it underdone, nor cooked by boiling in water, - but roast with fire, its head with it, legs, and with its inward parts. And ye shall let nothing thereof remain until morning, - but that which is left remaining until morning, in the fire shall ye consume.
And ye shall let nothing thereof remain until morning, - but that which is left remaining until morning, in the fire shall ye consume. And, thus, shall ye eat it, - your loins, girded, your sandals, on your feet, and, your staff, in your hand, - so shall ye eat it in haste, it is Yahweh's, passing over.
And, thus, shall ye eat it, - your loins, girded, your sandals, on your feet, and, your staff, in your hand, - so shall ye eat it in haste, it is Yahweh's, passing over. I will pass along, therefore, throughout the land of Egypt this night, and will smite every firstborn in the land of Egypt, from man even to beast, - and against all the gods of Egypt, will I execute judgments - I, Yahweh.
I will pass along, therefore, throughout the land of Egypt this night, and will smite every firstborn in the land of Egypt, from man even to beast, - and against all the gods of Egypt, will I execute judgments - I, Yahweh. Then shall the blood serve you for a sign, on the houses wherein ye are, then will I behold the blood, and will pass over you, - and there shall be among you no plague to destroy, when I smite the laud of Egypt.
Then shall the blood serve you for a sign, on the houses wherein ye are, then will I behold the blood, and will pass over you, - and there shall be among you no plague to destroy, when I smite the laud of Egypt. So shall this day serve you for a memorial, and ye shall celebrate it, as a festival to Yahweh, - to your generations - as an age-abiding statute, shall ye celebrate it.
So shall this day serve you for a memorial, and ye shall celebrate it, as a festival to Yahweh, - to your generations - as an age-abiding statute, shall ye celebrate it. Seven days, unleavened cakes, shall ye eat, surely, on the first day, shall ye put away leaven, out of your houses, - for whosoever eateth what is leavened, then shall that soul be cut off out of Israel, from the first day, unto the seventh day.
Seven days, unleavened cakes, shall ye eat, surely, on the first day, shall ye put away leaven, out of your houses, - for whosoever eateth what is leavened, then shall that soul be cut off out of Israel, from the first day, unto the seventh day. Both on the first day, a holy convocation, and on the seventh day - a holy convocation, shall there be to you, - no work, shall be done therein, save only what must be eaten by every soul, that alone, shall be done by you.
Both on the first day, a holy convocation, and on the seventh day - a holy convocation, shall there be to you, - no work, shall be done therein, save only what must be eaten by every soul, that alone, shall be done by you. So then ye shall observe the unleavened cakes, because on this self-same day, brought I forth your hosts out of the land of Egypt, - so then ye shall observe this day to your generations, as a statute age-abiding,
So then ye shall observe the unleavened cakes, because on this self-same day, brought I forth your hosts out of the land of Egypt, - so then ye shall observe this day to your generations, as a statute age-abiding, In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month in the evening, shall ye eat unleavened cakes, - until the one-and-twentieth day of the month in the evening,
In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month in the evening, shall ye eat unleavened cakes, - until the one-and-twentieth day of the month in the evening, For seven days, leaven, shall not be found in your houses, - for, whosoever eateth what is leavened, then shall that soul be cut off out of the assembly of Israel, whether sojourner or native of the land.
For seven days, leaven, shall not be found in your houses, - for, whosoever eateth what is leavened, then shall that soul be cut off out of the assembly of Israel, whether sojourner or native of the land. Nothing leavened, shall ye eat, - in all your dwellings, shall ye eat unleavened cakes.
Nothing leavened, shall ye eat, - in all your dwellings, shall ye eat unleavened cakes.
So the people took up their dough, ere yet it was leavened, - with their kneading-bowls, bound up in their mantles on their shoulders,
So the people took up their dough, ere yet it was leavened, - with their kneading-bowls, bound up in their mantles on their shoulders,
None of the meal-offerings which ye bring near unto Yahweh shall be made into anything leavened, - for, of no leaven and Of no syrup, may ye make a perfume, as an altar-flame unto Yahweh.
None of the meal-offerings which ye bring near unto Yahweh shall be made into anything leavened, - for, of no leaven and Of no syrup, may ye make a perfume, as an altar-flame unto Yahweh.
This our bread, took we, hot, for our provision, out of our houses, on the day we came forth to journey unto you, - but, now, lo! it is dry, yea it is broken;
This our bread, took we, hot, for our provision, out of our houses, on the day we came forth to journey unto you, - but, now, lo! it is dry, yea it is broken;
And Tamar went to the house of Amnon her brother, he having taken to his bed, - and took dough and kneaded it, and folded it before his eyes, and baked the cakes.
And Tamar went to the house of Amnon her brother, he having taken to his bed, - and took dough and kneaded it, and folded it before his eyes, and baked the cakes.
And Tamar went to the house of Amnon her brother, he having taken to his bed, - and took dough and kneaded it, and folded it before his eyes, and baked the cakes.
And Tamar went to the house of Amnon her brother, he having taken to his bed, - and took dough and kneaded it, and folded it before his eyes, and baked the cakes. Then took she the pan and put them out before him, but he refused to eat. And Amnon said - Have forth every one from me. And they went out every one from him.
Then took she the pan and put them out before him, but he refused to eat. And Amnon said - Have forth every one from me. And they went out every one from him. Then said Amnon unto Tamar - Bring the food into the chamber, that I may eat out of thine own hand. So Tamar took the cakes which she had made, and brought them in to Amnon her brother, in the chamber.
Then said Amnon unto Tamar - Bring the food into the chamber, that I may eat out of thine own hand. So Tamar took the cakes which she had made, and brought them in to Amnon her brother, in the chamber.
and thou shalt say - Thus, saith the king, Put this man into the prison, - and let him eat the bread of oppression, with the water of oppression, until I enter in peace.
and thou shalt say - Thus, saith the king, Put this man into the prison, - and let him eat the bread of oppression, with the water of oppression, until I enter in peace.
a second length, did Malchijah son of Harim and Hasshub son of Pahath-moab, repair, - also the tower of the ovens;
a second length, did Malchijah son of Harim and Hasshub son of Pahath-moab, repair, - also the tower of the ovens;
And, the second choir, was going over against them, I, following it, - with the half of the people upon the wall, above the tower of the ovens, even as far as the broad wall;
And, the second choir, was going over against them, I, following it, - with the half of the people upon the wall, above the tower of the ovens, even as far as the broad wall;
Though My Lord, should give you bread in short measure and water in scant allowance Yet will thy Teacher not hide himself any more, But thine eyes shall ever be looking on thy Teacher.
Though My Lord, should give you bread in short measure and water in scant allowance Yet will thy Teacher not hide himself any more, But thine eyes shall ever be looking on thy Teacher.
Then King Zedekiah gave command and they committed Jeremiah into the guard-court, and said that there should be given him a cake of bread daily, out of the bakers street, until all the bread out of the city should be spent, So Jeremiah remained in the guard-court.
Then King Zedekiah gave command and they committed Jeremiah into the guard-court, and said that there should be given him a cake of bread daily, out of the bakers street, until all the bread out of the city should be spent, So Jeremiah remained in the guard-court.
So then he said unto me, See I have granted thee cows dung for mans dung, - and thou shalt prepare thy bread thereupon.
So then he said unto me, See I have granted thee cows dung for mans dung, - and thou shalt prepare thy bread thereupon.
They all, are adulterers, like an oven too hot for the baker, - who leaveth off stoking, after kneading the dough, till the whole be leavened.
They all, are adulterers, like an oven too hot for the baker, - who leaveth off stoking, after kneading the dough, till the whole be leavened.
They all, are adulterers, like an oven too hot for the baker, - who leaveth off stoking, after kneading the dough, till the whole be leavened.
They all, are adulterers, like an oven too hot for the baker, - who leaveth off stoking, after kneading the dough, till the whole be leavened. In the day of our king, the rulers, have made themselves ill, with the heat of wine, - he hath extended his hand with scoffers.
In the day of our king, the rulers, have made themselves ill, with the heat of wine, - he hath extended his hand with scoffers. For they have made ready, like an oven, their heart, by their lying in wait, - all the night, their baker sleepeth, in the morning, he, kindleth up as it were a blazing fire.
For they have made ready, like an oven, their heart, by their lying in wait, - all the night, their baker sleepeth, in the morning, he, kindleth up as it were a blazing fire.
As for Ephraim! with the peoples, hath he been mingling himself, - Ephraim, is a cake not turned.
As for Ephraim! with the peoples, hath he been mingling himself, - Ephraim, is a cake not turned.
Now, if the grass of the field - which to-day, is, and, to-morrow, into an oven, is cast - God thus adorneth, not much rather, you, little of faith?
Now, if the grass of the field - which to-day, is, and, to-morrow, into an oven, is cast - God thus adorneth, not much rather, you, little of faith?
Another parable, spake he unto them: - The kingdom of the heavens is like, unto leaven, which a woman took and hid in three measures of flour until, the whole, was leavened.
Another parable, spake he unto them: - The kingdom of the heavens is like, unto leaven, which a woman took and hid in three measures of flour until, the whole, was leavened.
And, giving orders that the multitudes should recline upon the grass, - taking the five loaves and the two fishes, - looking up into the heaven, he blessed; and, breaking, gave, the disciples, the loaves, and the disciples unto the multitude.
And, giving orders that the multitudes should recline upon the grass, - taking the five loaves and the two fishes, - looking up into the heaven, he blessed; and, breaking, gave, the disciples, the loaves, and the disciples unto the multitude.
Our needful bread, be giving us, day by day;
Our needful bread, be giving us, day by day;
And he said unto them - Who from among you, shall have a friend, and shall go unto him at midnight, and say unto him - Friend! supply me with three loaves,
And he said unto them - Who from among you, shall have a friend, and shall go unto him at midnight, and say unto him - Friend! supply me with three loaves,
There is a little lad here, that hath five barley loaves, and two small fishes, - but, these, - what are they, for such numbers?
There is a little lad here, that hath five barley loaves, and two small fishes, - but, these, - what are they, for such numbers?
So they gathered them up, and filled twelve baskets, with broken pieces out of the five barley loaves, - which were left over by them who had eaten.
So they gathered them up, and filled twelve baskets, with broken pieces out of the five barley loaves, - which were left over by them who had eaten.
And, on the first of the week, when we were gathered together to break bread, Paul went on to discourse with them, being about to depart on the morrow; and he prolonged his discourse until midnight.
And, on the first of the week, when we were gathered together to break bread, Paul went on to discourse with them, being about to depart on the morrow; and he prolonged his discourse until midnight.
And, going up, and breaking the loaf, and tasting, - for a good while also conversing, until dawn, thus, he departed.
And, going up, and breaking the loaf, and tasting, - for a good while also conversing, until dawn, thus, he departed.
So then, let us be keeping the feast, not with old leaven, nor with leaven of baseness and wickedness, - but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth.
So then, let us be keeping the feast, not with old leaven, nor with leaven of baseness and wickedness, - but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth.
and, before the throne, is as a glassy sea, like unto crystal. And, in the midst of the throne, and around the throne, are four living creatures full of eyes, before and behind;
and, before the throne, is as a glassy sea, like unto crystal. And, in the midst of the throne, and around the throne, are four living creatures full of eyes, before and behind;
Hastings
The pre-eminence of bread in the dietary of the Hebrews is shown by the frequent use in OT, from Ge 3:19 onwards, of 'bread' for food in general. It was made chiefly from wheat and barley, occasionally mixed, more especially in times of scarcity, with other ingredients (Eze 4:9; see Food). Barley was in earlier times the main breadstuff of the peasantry (Jg 7:13) and poorer classes generally (Joh 6:13, cf. Josephus BJ V. x. 2).
The first step in bread-making, after thoroughly sifting and cleaning the grain, was to reduce it to flour by rubbing, pounding, or grinding (cf. Nu 11:8). In the first process, not yet extinct in Egypt for certain grains, the grain was rubbed between two stones, the 'corn-rubbers' or 'corn-grinders,' of which numerous specimens have been found at Lachish and Gezer (Quarterly Statement of the same, 1902, 326; 1903, 118; cf. Erman, Egypt. 180 for illust. of actual use). For the other two processes see Mortar and Mill respectively. Three qualities of flour are distinguished
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In the sweat of thy face, shalt thou eat bread, until thou return to the ground, because therefrom, wast thou taken, - For, dust, thou art, And, unto dust, shalt thou return.
So Abraham hastened towards the tent unto Sarah, - and said, Hasten thou three measures of fine meal, knead it, and make hearth-cakes.
and he looked out over the face of Sodom and Gomorrah, and over all the face of the land of the circuit, and beheld and lo! the smoke of the land went up, like the smoke of a furnace.
and, in the uppermost basket, was some of every kind of food for Pharaoh that a baker could make, - but, the birds, kept eating them out of the basket from off my head.
so shall the river swarm with frogs, and they shall come up, and enter into thy house, and into thy bedchamber and upon thy couch, - and into the house of thy servants and among thy people, and into thine ovens and into thy kneading-troughs:
So the people took up their dough, ere yet it was leavened, - with their kneading-bowls, bound up in their mantles on their shoulders,
And the house of Israel called the name thereof Manna, - and the same, was like coriander seed white, and the taste thereof, like flat-cake with honey,
and bread unleavened and cakes unleavened with oil poured over, and wafers unleavened anointed with oil, - of fine wheaten meal, shalt thou make them;
But, if, a meal-offering, on a girdle, be thine oblation, of fine meal, overflowed with oil unleavened, shall it be;
But, if thou wouldst bring near a meal-offering of first-ripe corn, unto Yahweh, of green ears roasted in fire crushed grain of garden-land, shalt thou bring near thy meal-offering of first-ripe corn.
Then shall the priest make a perfume, with the memorial thereof, - from the crushed grain thereof and from the oil thereof, besides all the frankincense thereof, - an altar-flame, unto Yahweh.
And as for any meal-offering that may be baked in an oven, or anything that hath been prepared in a boiler or on a girdle, to the priest that bringeth it near - to him, shall it belong,
The people used to go about and pick it up, and grind it with a pair of mill-stones, or pound it in a mortar, and boil it in a pot, and make it into round cakes, - then was the taste thereof like the taste of a sweet cake made with oil.
And Gideon came in, and lo! a man relating to his neighbour a dream, - and he said - Lo! a dream, have I dreamt, and lo! a round cake of barley bread tumbling into the camp of Midian, and it came as far as the tent - and smote it that it fell, and turned it upside down, and the tent lay along.
And Gideon came in, and lo! a man relating to his neighbour a dream, - and he said - Lo! a dream, have I dreamt, and lo! a round cake of barley bread tumbling into the camp of Midian, and it came as far as the tent - and smote it that it fell, and turned it upside down, and the tent lay along.
And it came to pass, that Solomon's provision for one day was, - thirty measures of fine flour, and sixty measures of meal;
and thou shall take with thee ten loaves, and cracknels, and a bottle of honey, and shalt go unto him, - he, will tell thee what shall befall the young man.
And she said - By the life of Yahweh, thy God, verily I have not a cake, only a handful of meal in the jar, and a little oil in the cruse, - and lo! I have been gathering a couple of sticks, so I shall go in and make it ready for me and for my son, that we may eat it - and die!
And, as he lay, and slept, under a certain shrub, lo! a messenger, touching him, who said to him - Rise, eat.
Then King Zedekiah gave command and they committed Jeremiah into the guard-court, and said that there should be given him a cake of bread daily, out of the bakers street, until all the bread out of the city should be spent, So Jeremiah remained in the guard-court.
Thou, therefore, take thee wheat and barley and peas and lentils and millet and spelt, and put them in one vessel, and make them ready for thee as bread, - during the number of days which thou art lying on thy side. a hundred and ninety days, shalt thou eat it;
As for Ephraim! with the peoples, hath he been mingling himself, - Ephraim, is a cake not turned.
For lo! the day, cometh, that burneth as a furnace, - and, all the proud and everyone who worketh lawlessness, shall be, stubble, and the day that cometh, shall consume them utterly, saith Yahweh of hosts, that it shall leave them neither root nor branch.
Now, if the grass of the field - which to-day, is, and, to-morrow, into an oven, is cast - God thus adorneth, not much rather, you, little of faith?
So they gathered them up, and filled twelve baskets, with broken pieces out of the five barley loaves, - which were left over by them who had eaten.
Morish
Constantly referred to as the sustenance of man, though animal food may be included, and thus it stands for 'food' in general. Ge 3:19; Ru 1:6; Ps 41:9. Bread was made of wheaten flour, or of wheat and barley mixed, or by the poor of barley only. It was generally made in thin cakes which could be baked very quickly when a visitor arrived. Ge 18:6; 19:3; 1Sa 28:24. It was usually leavened by a piece of old dough in a state of fermentation. See LEAVEN.
UNLEAVENED BREAD was to be eaten with certain of the offerings, Le 6:16-17; and for the seven days' feast connected with the Passover, often referred to as 'the Feast of Unleavened Bread,' Ex 34:18; 2Ch 8:13; Lu 22:1; 1Co 5:8; a symbol that all evil must be put away in order to keep the feast.
The Lord Jesus called Himself the BREAD OF GOD, the bread that came down from heaven, THE BREAD OF LIFE, the living bread, of which if any man ate he should live for ever: He said "He that eateth me shall live by me." He is the spiritual food that sustains the new life. Joh 6:31-58. This was typified in Israel by the SHOWBREAD, the twelve loaves placed upon the table in the holy place, new every sabbath day: it was holy and was eaten by the priests only. Le 24:5-9. It is literally 'face or presence bread;' Ex 25:30; and 'bread of arrangement' or 'ordering,' as in the margin of 1Ch 9:32; and in the N.T. 'bread of presentation.' Mt 12:4; Heb 9:2. It typified the nourishment that God would provide for Israel in Christ, as well as the ordering of the twelve tribes before Him; in them was the administration of God's bounty through Christ for the earth, as Christ is now the sustainment for the Christian.
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In the sweat of thy face, shalt thou eat bread, until thou return to the ground, because therefrom, wast thou taken, - For, dust, thou art, And, unto dust, shalt thou return.
So Abraham hastened towards the tent unto Sarah, - and said, Hasten thou three measures of fine meal, knead it, and make hearth-cakes.
But he became exceeding urgent with them, so they turned aside unto him and entered into his house, - and he made for them a banquet, unleavened cakes, also did he bake, and they did eat.
And thou shalt place upon the table Presence-bread, before me continually.
The festival of unleavened cakes, shalt thou keep, seven days, shalt thou eat unleavened cakes, which I commanded thee, at the set time, in the month Abib, - for in the month Abib, camest thou forth out of Egypt.
And the remainder thereof, shall Aaron and his sons eat, - as unleavened cakes, shall it be eaten, in a holy place, within the court of the tent of meeting, shall they eat it. It shall not be baked into anything leavened, as their portion, have I given it, from among the altar-flames of Yahweh, - most holy, it is, like the sin-bearer, and like the guilt-bearer,
And thou shalt take fine meal, and bake it, in twelve cakes, - of two-tenths, shall each cake be. And thou shalt set them in two rows, six in a row, - upon the pure table, before Yahweh. read more. And thou shalt put upon each row pure frankincense, - so shall it belong unto the bread as a memorial, an altar-flame unto Yahweh. Sabbath day by sabbath day, shall he order it before Yahweh continually, - from the sons of Israel as an age-abiding covenant: so shall it be for Aaron and for his sons, and they shall eat it in a holy place, - for most holy, shall it be unto him from among the altar-flames of Yahweh, a statute age-abiding.
Then she arose, she and her daughters-in-law, and returned out of the country of Moab, - for she had heard, in the country of Moab, how that Yahweh had visited his people, in giving unto them, bread.
And, some from among the Kohathites, of their brethren, were over the Bread that was set in Array, - to place it sabbath by sabbath.
Even the man whom I used to salute, in whom I put confidence, who used to eat my bread, - hath magnified his heel against me!
he entered into the house of God and, the presence-bread, did eat, which it was not, allowable, for him to eat, nor for them who were with him, - save for the priests, alone?
And the feast of the unleavened bread, which is called a Passover, was drawing near.
Our fathers, did eat, the manna, in the desert, - just as it is written: Bread out of heaven, he gave them to eat. Jesus said unto them - Verily, verily, I say unto you: Not Moses, gave you the bread out of heaven; but, my Father, giveth you the real bread out of heaven. read more. For, the bread of God, is that which is coming down out of heaven, and giving, life, unto the world. They said, therefore, unto him - Sir! Evermore, give us this bread. Jesus said unto them - I, am the bread of life: he that cometh unto me, in nowise shall hunger, and, he that believeth on me, in nowise shall thirst, any more. But I told you - Ye have even seen me, and yet do not believe. All that which the Father is giving me, unto me, will have come, and, him that cometh unto me, in nowise will I cast out, - Because I have come down from heaven, - Not that I should be doing my own will, but the will of him that sent me. And, this, is the will of him that sent me, That, of all that which he hath given me, I should lose nothing, but should raise it up at the last day. For, this, is the will of my Father, That, every one that vieweth the Son, and believeth on him, should have life age-abiding, and, I, should raise him up, at the last day. The Jews, therefore, began to murmur concerning him, because he said - I, am the bread that came down out of heaven; and were saying - Is not, this, Jesus, the son of Joseph, - of whom, we, know the father and the mother! How is it then, that he, now, saith: Out of heaven, have I come down? Jesus answered, and said unto them - Be not murmuring, one with another: No one, can come unto me, except, the Father who sent me, draw him, - and, I, will raise him up, in the last day. It is written in the prophets, - And they shall be, all, the instructed of God: Every one who hath heard of the Father, and learned, cometh unto me. Not that any one hath seen, the Father, save he who is from God, - this one, hath seen the Father. Verily, verily, I say unto you: He that believeth, hath life age-abiding. I am the bread of life: - Your fathers, did eat, in the desert, the manna, - and died: This, is the bread which, out of heaven, cometh down, that one, thereof, may eat, - and not die. I, am the living bread, which, out of heaven, came down: If one eat of this bread, he shall live unto times age-abiding; and, the bread, moreover, which, I, will give, is, my flesh - for the world's life. The Jews, therefore, began to strive one with another, saying - How can this one, unto us, give his flesh to eat? Jesus, therefore, said unto them - Verily, verily, I say unto you - Except ye eat the flesh of the Son of Man, and drink his blood, ye have not life within yourselves. He that feedeth upon my flesh, and drinketh my blood, hath life age-abiding, and, I, will raise him up at the last day; For, my flesh, is, true, food, and, my blood, is, true, drink: He that feedeth upon my flesh, and drinketh my blood, in me, abideth, and, I, in him. Just as the living Father sent me, - and I live by reason of the Father, he also that feedeth upon me, even he, shall live by reason of me. This, is the bread, which, out of heaven, came down: - Not just as your fathers did eat - and died! He that feedeth upon this bread, shall live unto times age-abiding.
For a tent was prepared, the first, in which were both the lampstand and the table and the setting forth of the loaves, - the which is called the Holy place;
Smith
Bread.
The preparation of bread as an article of food dates from a very early period.
The corn or grain employed was of various sorts. The best bread was made of wheat, but "barley" and spelt were also used.
Joh 6:9,13; Isa 28:25
The process of making bread was as follows: the flour was first mixed with water or milk; it was then kneaded with the hands (in Egypt with the feet also) in a small wooden bowl or "kneading-trough" until it became dough.
Ex 12:34,39; 2Sa 13:3; Jer 7:18
When the kneading was completed, leaven was generally added [LEAVEN]; but when the time for preparation was short, it was omitted, and unleavened cakes, hastily baked, were eaten as is still the prevalent custom among the Bedouins. (
See Leaven
Ge 18:6; 19:3; Ex 12:39; Jg 6:19; 1Sa 28:24
The leavened mass was allowed to stand for some time,
Mt 13:33; Lu 13:21
the dough was then divided into round cakes,
Ex 29:23; Jg 7:13; 8:5; 1Sa 10:3; Pr 6:26
not unlike flat stones in shape and appearance,
comp. Matt 4:8 about a span in diameter and a finger's breadth in thickness. In the towns where professional bakers resided, there were no doubt fixed ovens, in shape and size resembling those in use among ourselves; but more usually each household poured a portable oven, consisting of a stone or metal jar, about three feet high which was heated inwardly with wood,
1Ki 17:12; Isa 44:15; Jer 7:18
or dried grass and flower-stalks.
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So Abraham hastened towards the tent unto Sarah, - and said, Hasten thou three measures of fine meal, knead it, and make hearth-cakes.
So Abraham hastened towards the tent unto Sarah, - and said, Hasten thou three measures of fine meal, knead it, and make hearth-cakes.
But he became exceeding urgent with them, so they turned aside unto him and entered into his house, - and he made for them a banquet, unleavened cakes, also did he bake, and they did eat.
So the people took up their dough, ere yet it was leavened, - with their kneading-bowls, bound up in their mantles on their shoulders,
Then baked they the dough which they had brought out of Egypt - into round unleavened cakes for it had not been leavened, - for they had been driven out of Egypt and could not tarry, and indeed no provisions, had they made ready for themselves.
Then baked they the dough which they had brought out of Egypt - into round unleavened cakes for it had not been leavened, - for they had been driven out of Egypt and could not tarry, and indeed no provisions, had they made ready for themselves.
and one round-cake of bread, and one cake of oiled bread, and one wafer, - out of the basket of unleavened cakes, which is before Yahweh;
So, Gideon, went in, and made ready a kid of the goats, and, of an ephah of meal, unleavened cakes, the flesh, he put in a basket, and, the broth, he put in a pot, - and brought them forth unto him, under the oak, and presented them.
And Gideon came in, and lo! a man relating to his neighbour a dream, - and he said - Lo! a dream, have I dreamt, and lo! a round cake of barley bread tumbling into the camp of Midian, and it came as far as the tent - and smote it that it fell, and turned it upside down, and the tent lay along.
So he said unto the men of Succoth, Give, I pray you, loaves of bread to the people that are following me; for, faint, they are, and, I, am in pursuit of Zebah and Zalmunna, kings of Midian.
And she said - By the life of Yahweh, thy God, verily I have not a cake, only a handful of meal in the jar, and a little oil in the cruse, - and lo! I have been gathering a couple of sticks, so I shall go in and make it ready for me and for my son, that we may eat it - and die!
Because, for the sake of an impure woman, a man may be brought even to a cake of bread, - and, a man's wife, for a precious soul, may hunt!
Doth he not when he hath levelled the face thereof, Cast abroad the fennel? And, the cummin, doth he not scatter? And plant wheat in rows, And barley in a lot, And spelt in the border thereof?
So it serveth for a man to burn, And he hath taken of the branches and warmed himself, Also he kindleth a fire, and baketh bread, - Also he maketh a GOD, and hath bowed himself down, Hath made of it a carved image, and adored it:
The children, gather wood, and The fathers, kindle the fire, and The women, knead dough, - To make sacrificial cakes to the queen of the heavens, And to pour out drink-offerings to other gods, Provoking me to anger!
The children, gather wood, and The fathers, kindle the fire, and The women, knead dough, - To make sacrificial cakes to the queen of the heavens, And to pour out drink-offerings to other gods, Provoking me to anger!
Now, if the grass of the field - which to-day, is, and, to-morrow, into an oven, is cast - God thus adorneth, not much rather, you, little of faith?
Or what man, from among yourselves, whom his son shall ask for a loaf, - a stone, will give him?
Another parable, spake he unto them: - The kingdom of the heavens is like, unto leaven, which a woman took and hid in three measures of flour until, the whole, was leavened.
It is, like leaven, which a woman took and hid in three measures of flour, until, the whole, was leavened.
There is a little lad here, that hath five barley loaves, and two small fishes, - but, these, - what are they, for such numbers?
So they gathered them up, and filled twelve baskets, with broken pieces out of the five barley loaves, - which were left over by them who had eaten.
Watsons
BREAD, a term which in Scripture is used, as by us, frequently for food in general; but is also often found in its proper sense. Sparing in the use of flesh, like all the nations of the east, the chosen people usually satisfied their hunger with bread, and quenched their thirst in the running stream. Their bread was generally made of wheat or barley, or lentiles and beans. Bread of wheat flour, as being the most excellent, was preferred: barley bread was used only in times of scarcity and distress. So mean and contemptible, in the estimation of the numerous and well-appointed armies of Midian, was Gideon, with his handful of undisciplined militia, that he seems to have been compared to bread of this inferior quality, which may account for the ready interpretation of the dream of the Midianite respecting him: "And when Gideon was come, behold, there was a man that told a dream unto his fellow, and said, Behold, I dreamed a dream, and lo, a cake of barley bread tumbled into the host of Midian, and came unto a tent and smote it that it fell, and overturned it, that the tent lay along. And his fellow answered and said, This is nothing else save the sword of Gideon, the son of Joash, a man of Israel; for into his hand hath God delivered Midian, and all the host." In the cities and villages of Barbary, where public ovens are established, the bread is usually leavened; but among the Bedoweens and Kabyles, as soon as the dough is kneaded, it is made into thin cakes, either to be baked immediately upon the coals, or else in a shallow earthen vessel like a frying-pan, called Tajen. Such were the unleavened cakes which we so frequently read of in Scripture; and those also which Sarah made quickly upon the hearth. These last are about an inch thick; and, being commonly prepared in woody countries, are used all along the shores of the Black Sea, from the Palus Maeotis to the Caspian, in Chaldea and Mesopotamia, except in towns. A fire is made in the middle of the room: and when the bread is ready for baking, a corner of the hearth is swept, the bread is laid upon it, and covered with ashes and embers; in a quarter of an hour, they turn it. Sometimes they use small convex plates of iron, which are most common in Persia, and among the nomadic tribes, as being the easiest way of baking, and done with the least expense; for the bread is extremely thin, and soon prepared. The oven is also used in every part of Asia: it is made in the ground, four or five feet deep, and three in diameter, well plastered with mortar. When it is hot, they place the bread (which is commonly long, and not thicker than a finger) against the sides: it is baked in a moment. Ovens, Chardin apprehends, were not used in Canaan in the patriarchal age: all the bread of that time was baked upon a plate, or under the ashes; and he supposes, what is nearly self-evident, that the cakes which Sarah baked on the hearth were of the last sort, and that the shew bread was of the same kind. The Arabs about Mount Carmel use a great strong pitcher, in which they kindle a fire; and when it is heated, they mix meal and water, which they apply with the hollow of their hands to the outside of the pitcher; and this extremely soft paste, spreading itself, is baked in an instant. The heat of the pitcher having dried up all the moisture, the bread comes on as thin as our wafers; and the operation is so speedily performed, that in a very little time a sufficient quantity is made. But their best sort of bread they bake, either by heating an oven, or a large pitcher full of little smooth shining flints, upon which they lay the dough, spread out in the form of a thin broad cake. Sometimes they use a shallow earthen vessel, resembling a frying pan, which seems to be the pan mentioned by Moses, in which the meat-offering was baked. This vessel, Dr. Shaw informs us, serves both for baking and frying; for the bagreah of the people of Barbary differs not much from our pancakes; only, instead of rubbing the pan in which they fry them with butter, they rub it with soap, to make them like a honey-comb. If these accounts of the Arab stone pitcher, the pan, and the iron hearth or copper plate, be attended to, it will not be difficult to understand the laws of Moses in the second chapter of Leviticus: they will be found to answer perfectly well to the description which he gives us of the different ways of preparing the meat-offerings. As the Hebrews made their bread thin, in the form of little flat cakes, they did not cut it with a knife, but broke it; which gave use to the expression, breaking bread, so frequent in Scripture.
The Arabians and other eastern people, among whom wood is scarce, often bake their bread between two fires made of cow dung, which burns slowly, and bakes the bread very leisurely. The crumb of it is very good, if it be eaten the same day; but the crust is black and burnt, and retains a smell of the materials that were used in baking it. This may serve to explain a passage in Eze 4:9-13. The straits of a siege and the scarcity of fuel were thus intimated to the Prophet. During the whole octave of the passover, the Hebrews use only unleavened bread, as a memorial that at the time of their departure out of Egypt they wanted leisure to bake leavened bread; and, having left the country with precipitation, they were content to bake bread which was not leavened, Ex 12:8. The practice of the Jews at this day, with relation to the use of unleavened bread, is as follows: They forbid to eat, or have in their houses, or in any place belonging to them, either leavened bread or any thing else that is leavened. That they may the better observe this rule, they search into all the corners of the house with scrupulous exactness for all bread or paste, or any thing that is leavened. After they have thus well cleansed their houses, they whiten them, and furnish them with kitchen and table utensils, all new, and with others which are to be used only on that day. If they are movables, which have served only for something else, and are made of metal, they have them polished, and put into the fire, to take away all the impurity which they may have contracted by touching any thing leavened. All this is done on the thirteenth day of Nisan, or on the vigil of the feast of the passover, which begins with the fifteenth of the same month, or the fourteenth day in the evening; for the Hebrews reckon their days from one evening to another. On the fourteenth of Nisan, at eleven o'clock, they burn the common bread, to show that the prohibition of eating leavened bread is then commenced; and this action is attended with words, whereby the master of the house declares that he has no longer any thing leavened in his keeping; that, at least, he believes so. In allusion to this practice, we are commanded to "purge out the old leaven;" by which "malice and wickedness" are intended; and to feed only on the "unleavened bread of sincerity and truth."
2. SHEW BREAD, or, according to the Hebrews, the bread of faces, was bread offered every Sabbath day upon the golden table in the holy place, Ex 25:30. The Hebrews affirm that these loaves were square, and had four sides, and were covered with leaves of gold. They were twelve in number, according to the number of the twelve tribes, in whose names they were offered. Every loaf was composed of two assarons of flour, which make about five pints and one-tenth. These loaves were unleavened. They were presented hot every Sabbath day, the old ones being taken away and eaten by the priests only. This offering was accompanied with salt and frankincense, and even with wine, according to some commentators. The Scripture mentions only salt and incense; but it is presumed that wine was added, because it was not wanting in other sacrifices and offerings. It is believed that these loaves were placed one upon another, in two piles of six each; and that between every loaf were two thin plates of gold, folded back in a semicircle the whole length of them, to admit air, and to prevent the loaves from growing mouldy. These golden plates, thus turned in, were supported at their extremities by two golden forks, which rested on the groun
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Then shall they eat the flesh, in the same night, - roast with fire, and with unleavened cakes, with bitter herbs, shall they eat it.
And thou shalt place upon the table Presence-bread, before me continually.
and Aaron and his sons shall eat the flesh of the ram, and the bread that is in the basket, - at the opening of the tent of meeting:
And thou shalt take fine meal, and bake it, in twelve cakes, - of two-tenths, shall each cake be. And thou shalt set them in two rows, six in a row, - upon the pure table, before Yahweh. read more. And thou shalt put upon each row pure frankincense, - so shall it belong unto the bread as a memorial, an altar-flame unto Yahweh. Sabbath day by sabbath day, shall he order it before Yahweh continually, - from the sons of Israel as an age-abiding covenant: so shall it be for Aaron and for his sons, and they shall eat it in a holy place, - for most holy, shall it be unto him from among the altar-flames of Yahweh, a statute age-abiding.
and a basket of unleavened cakes - fine meal in round cakes overflowed with oil, and thin cakes of unleavened bread, anointed with oil, - with their meal-offering and their drink-offerings.
Thou, therefore, take thee wheat and barley and peas and lentils and millet and spelt, and put them in one vessel, and make them ready for thee as bread, - during the number of days which thou art lying on thy side. a hundred and ninety days, shalt thou eat it; and thy food which thou shalt eat shall be by weight twenty shekels a day, - from time to time, shalt thou eat it; read more. and water by measure, shalt thou drink the sixth part of a hin,-from time to time shalt thou drink; and as a barley cake, shalt thou eat it, - and the same with dung proceeding from man, shalt thou bake, before their eyes. Then said Yahweh, In like manner, shall the sons of Israel eat their bread defiled, - among the nations whither I will drive them.
and he hath made us to be a kingdom - priests unto his God and Father, Unto him, be the glory, and the dominion, unto the ages. Amen.
And didst make them, unto our God, a kingdom and priests, - and they reign on the earth.
Happy and holy, is he that hath part in the first resurrection: upon these, the second death, hath no authority; but they shall be priests of God and of the Christ, and shall reign with him for the thousand years.