Reference: James
American
Surnamed the greater, or the elder, to distinguish him from James the younger, was one of the twelve apostles, brother of John the evangelist, and son of Zebedee and Salome, Mt 4:21; 27:56. Compare Mr 15:40. James was of Bethsaida in Galilee, and left his earthly occupation to follow Christ, Mr 1:29,20. His mother Salome was one of those women who occasionally attended our Savior in his journeys, and one day desired that her two sons might be seated at his right and left hand in the kingdom, Mt 20:20-23.
James and John were originally fishermen, with Zebedee their father, Mr 1:19. They were witnesses of our Lord's transfiguration, Mt 17:1-2; and when certain Samaritans refused to receive him, James and John wished for fire from heaven to consume them, Lu 9:54. For this reason, or because of their zeal and energy as ministers of Christ, the name of Boanerges, or sons of thunder, was afterwards given to them, Mr 3:17. Together with Peter they appear to have enjoyed special honors and privileges among the disciples, Mr 1:29; 5:37; 9:2; 13:3; 14:33; Lu 8:51. After the ascension of our Lord, at which James was present, he appears to have remained at Jerusalem, and was put to death by Herod, about A. D. 44, the first martyr among the apostles, Ac 12:1-2.
Another apostle, son of Alphaeus, or Cleophas, Mt 10:3; Mr 3:18; Lu 6:15. His mother's name was Mary, (3) and his brethren were Joses and Judas, (3) Mt 27:56; Mr 15:40. He is here called THE LESS, or the younger, to distinguish him from James the son of Zebedee.
The Lord's brother, Ga 1:19; either a brother a Christ, being a son of Joseph and Mary; or as many think, a cousin of Christ, and identical with the James above, 2. He resided at Jerusalem, Ac 15:13; and is called "the Just" by Josephus, and said to have been stoned to death, about A. D. 62. The epistle of James is ascribed to him by those who distinguish him from James the Less. The question of his true relationship to Christ is involved in much doubt. The gospels repeatedly mention James, Joses, Juda, and Simon, as "brothers" of our Lord, and speak in the same connection of his "mother" and his "sisters," Mt 12:46; 13:56; Mr 3:31; 6:3; Lu 8:19; moreover, the inspired writers expressly distinguish the brothers of Christ from the apostles both James the Less and Jude, Joh 2:12; 7:3-10; Ac 1:13-14, thus furnishing strong reasons, as many believe, for the opinion that James the Just was literally a brother of our Lord.
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And, having gone on thence, He saw other two brothers: James a son of Zebedee, and John his brother, in the boat with Zebedee their father, mending their nets; and He called them;
Philip, and Bartholomew; Thomas, and Matthew the tax-collector; James the son of Alpaeus, and Thaddeus;
While He was yet speaking to the multitudes, behold, His mother and His brothers were standing without, seeking to speak to Him.
And His sisters, are they not all with us? Whence, then, hath this Man all these things?"
And, after six days, Jesus taketh with Him Peter, and James, and John his brother, and bringeth them up into a high mountain apart; and He was transfigured before them; and His face shone as the sun, and His garments became white as the light.
Then came to Him the mother of the sons of Zebedee with her sons, worshiping and asking something of Him. And He said to her, "What do you wish?" She says to Him, "Command, that these my two sons may sit, one on Thy right hand, and one on Thy left, in Thy Kingdom." read more. But Jesus, answering, said, "Ye know not what ye are asking. Are ye able to drink the cup that I am about to drink?" They say to Him, "We are able." He saith to them, "My cup, indeed, ye shall drink; but to sit on My right hand, and on My left, is not Mine to give, but it is for those for whom it has been prepared by My Father."
among whom were Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of the sons of Zebedee.
among whom were Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of the sons of Zebedee.
And going on a little further, He saw James, the son of Zebedee, and John his brother, and those in the ship mending the nets. And straightway He called them; and leaving their father Zebedee in the boat, with the hired servants, they went away after Him.
And, straightway coming out of the synagogue, they came into the house of Simon and Andrew, with James and John.
And, straightway coming out of the synagogue, they came into the house of Simon and Andrew, with James and John.
and James the son of Zebedee, and John the brother of James, (and He added to these the name "Boanerges," that is, "sons of thunder"); and Andrew, and Philip, and Bartholomew, and Matthew, and Thomas, and James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus, and Simon the Cananaean,
And His mother and His brothers come; and, standing without, they sent to Him, calling Him.
And He permitted no one to follow with Him, except Peter, and James, and John the brother of James.
"Is not This the Carpenter, the Son of Mary, and brother of James, and Joses, and Judas, and Simon? and are not His sisters here with us?" And they were finding occasion of stumbling in Him.
And after six days Jesus taketh with Him Peter, and James, and John, and bringeth them up into a high mountain apart by themselves; and He was transfigured before them.
And, as He was sitting upon the mount of Olives over against the temple, Peter and James and John and Andrew asked Him privately,
And He taketh with Him Peter and James and John, and began to be greatly amazed, and to be in distress.
And there were also women, beholding from afar, among whom were Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James the Less and Joses, and Salome;
And there were also women, beholding from afar, among whom were Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James the Less and Joses, and Salome;
and Matthew, and Thomas, and James son of Alphaeus, and Simon who is called Zelotes,
Now there came to Him His mother and brothers; and they could not get to Him because of the multitude.
And, coming into the house, He permitted no one to enter with Him, except Peter, and James, and John, and the father of the maiden, and her mother.
And, seeing it, His disciples, James and John, said, "Lord, dost Thou wish that we bid fire come down from heaven, and consume them?"
After this He went down to Capernaum, Himself, and His mother, and brothers, and His disciples; and there they abode not many days.
His brethren, therefore, said to Him, "Depart hence, and go into Judaea, that Thy disciples also may behold Thy works that Thou doest; for no one does anything in secret, and himself seeks to he known openly. If Thou doest these things, manifest Thyself to the world." read more. For even His brethren did not believe on Him. Jesus, therefore, saith to them, "My time is not yet present; but your time is always ready. The world cannot hate you; but Me it hates, because I testify concerning it, that its works are evil. Go ye up to the feast. I am not yet going up to this feast, because My time has not yet been fulfilled." And, having said these things to them, He abode in Galilee. But, when His brethren went up to the feast, then He also went up, not openly, but as it were in secret.
And, when they entered, they went up into the upper-room, where they were abiding; both Peter and John, and James, and Andrew, Philip, and Thomas, Bartholomew, and Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon the Zealot, and Judas the son of James. These all were continuing with one accord in prayer, with the women, and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with His brothers.
Now about that time Herod the king put forth his bands to harm some of the assembly. And he slew James, the brother of John, with the sword;
But other of the apostles I saw not, except James, the brother of the Lord.
Easton
(1.) The son of Zebedee and Salome; an elder brother of John the apostle. He was one of the twelve. He was by trade a fisherman, in partnership with Peter (Mt 20:20; 27:56). With John and Peter he was present at the transfiguration (Mt 17:1; Mr 9:2), at the raising of Jairus's daughter (Mr 5:37-43), and in the garden with our Lord (Mr 14:33). Because, probably, of their boldness and energy, he and John were called Boanerges, i.e., "sons of thunder." He was the first martyr among the apostles, having been beheaded by King Herod Agrippa (Ac 12:1-2), A.D. 44. (Comp. Mt 4:21; 20:20-23).
(2.) The son of Alphaeus, or Cleopas, "the brother" or near kinsman or cousin of our Lord (Ga 1:18-19), called James "the Less," or "the Little," probably because he was of low stature. He is mentioned along with the other apostles (Mt 10:3; Mr 3:18; Lu 6:15). He had a separate interview with our Lord after his resurrection (1Co 15:7), and is mentioned as one of the apostles of the circumcision (Ac 1:13). He appears to have occupied the position of head of the Church at Jerusalem, where he presided at the council held to consider the case of the Gentiles (Ac 12:17; 15:13-28:31; 21:18-24). This James was the author of the epistle which bears his name.
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And, having gone on thence, He saw other two brothers: James a son of Zebedee, and John his brother, in the boat with Zebedee their father, mending their nets; and He called them;
Philip, and Bartholomew; Thomas, and Matthew the tax-collector; James the son of Alpaeus, and Thaddeus;
And, after six days, Jesus taketh with Him Peter, and James, and John his brother, and bringeth them up into a high mountain apart;
Then came to Him the mother of the sons of Zebedee with her sons, worshiping and asking something of Him.
Then came to Him the mother of the sons of Zebedee with her sons, worshiping and asking something of Him. And He said to her, "What do you wish?" She says to Him, "Command, that these my two sons may sit, one on Thy right hand, and one on Thy left, in Thy Kingdom." read more. But Jesus, answering, said, "Ye know not what ye are asking. Are ye able to drink the cup that I am about to drink?" They say to Him, "We are able." He saith to them, "My cup, indeed, ye shall drink; but to sit on My right hand, and on My left, is not Mine to give, but it is for those for whom it has been prepared by My Father."
among whom were Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of the sons of Zebedee.
and Andrew, and Philip, and Bartholomew, and Matthew, and Thomas, and James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus, and Simon the Cananaean,
And He permitted no one to follow with Him, except Peter, and James, and John the brother of James. And they come to the house of the synagogue-ruler; and He beholds a tumult, and people weeping and wailing greatly. read more. And, having entered, He saith to them, "Why do ye make a tumult, and weep? the child did not die, but she is sleeping." And they were deriding Him. But He, having put them all out, taketh with Him the father of the child, and the mother, and those with Him, and goeth in where the child was. And, having taken hold of the child's hand, He saith to her, "Talitha cumi;" which is, being interpreted, "Damsel, (I say to you), arise." And straight-way the damsel arose, and walked; for she was twelve years old. And straightway they were amazed with great amazement. And He charged them much that no one should know this; and He commanded that something should be given her to eat.
And after six days Jesus taketh with Him Peter, and James, and John, and bringeth them up into a high mountain apart by themselves; and He was transfigured before them.
And He taketh with Him Peter and James and John, and began to be greatly amazed, and to be in distress.
and Matthew, and Thomas, and James son of Alphaeus, and Simon who is called Zelotes,
And, when they entered, they went up into the upper-room, where they were abiding; both Peter and John, and James, and Andrew, Philip, and Thomas, Bartholomew, and Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon the Zealot, and Judas the son of James.
Now about that time Herod the king put forth his bands to harm some of the assembly. And he slew James, the brother of John, with the sword;
But, beckoning to them with his hand to be silent, he declared to them, how the Lord brought him forth out of the prison. And he Said, "Declare these things to James, and to the brethren." And, going forth, he went to another place.
And, after they were silent, James answered, saying, "Brethren, hear me. Simeon declared how God first visited the gentiles, to take out of them a people for His name. read more. And with this agree the words of the prophets; as it has been written, 'After these things I will return; and I will build again the tabernacle of David, which has fallen down; and the ruins thereof will I build again; and I will set it up; that the residue of men may seek after the Lord, even all the gentiles upon whom My name has been called,' saith the Lord, Who maketh these things known from of old. Wherefore, I judge that we should not trouble those who from among the gentiles are turning to God; but that we write to them to abstain from the pollutions of idols, and from fornication, and from anything strangled, and from blood; for Moses, from ancient generations, has in every city those preaching him, being read in the synagogues every sabbath." Then it seemed good to the apostles and elders, with the whole assembly, to send men, chosen from themselves, to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas; Judas who is surnamed Barsabas, and Silas??eading men among the brethren; having written through their hand thus: "The apostles, and the elders, brethren, to the brethren from the gentiles throughout Antioch and Syria and Cilicia, greeting: Forasmuch as we heard that some from among us troubled you with words, unsettling your souls??o whom we gave no directions; it seemed good to us, having become of one mind, having chosen men, to send to you, with our beloved Barnabas and Paul, men who have given up their souls in behalf of the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. We have sent, therefore, Judas and Silas; themselves also reporting the same things to you by word of mouth. For it seemed good to the Holy Spirit, and to us, to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things:
And, on the following day, Paul went in with us to James; and all the elders were present. And, having saluted them, he narrated, one by one, each of the things God wrought among the gentiles through his ministry. read more. And they, hearing it, were glorifying God, and said to him, "You observe, brother, how many thousands there are among the Jews, of those who have believed; and they are all zealous for the law. And they were informed by report concerning you, that you teach all the Jews who are among the gentiles to forsake Moses, telling them not to circumcise their children, nor to walk after the customs. What is it, therefore? They will certainly hear that you have come. Do this, therefore, which we say to you: we have four men who have a vow on them; taking these to yourself, be purified with them, and incur expense for them, that they may shave their heads; and all will know that there is nothing in those things of which they have been instructed concerning you; but that you yourself also are walking orderly, keeping the law.
Then, after three years, I went up to Jerusalem to become acquainted with Cephas, and continued with him fifteen days. But other of the apostles I saw not, except James, the brother of the Lord.
Fausets
Jacob in Greek; the name appearing in our Lord's apostles and contemporaries for the first time since the patriarch. Son of Zebedee, brother of John. Their father's "hired servants" and fishing vessel imply some degree of competence. John probably was the one with Andrew (Joh 1:35-41), who, on John the Baptist's pointing to the Lamb of God, followed Jesus. The words Andrew "first findeth his own brother Simon" imply that John secondly found and called his own brother James to Jesus, or vice versa. Some months later the Lord saw Zebedee, James, and John, in the ship mending their nets. At His call James and John "immediately left the ship and their father and followed Him" (Mt 4:22). Their LEAVING THEIR FATHER "WITH THE HIRED servants" (Mr 1:20, a minute particular, characteristic of Mark' s vivid style and his knowledge through Peter of all which happened) was not an unfilial act, which it would have been if he had no helpers.
The next call was after an unsuccessful night's fishing, when the fishermen had gone out of their ships and had washed (Lu 5:2, Vaticanus and Cambridge manuscripts read eplunon, "were washing"; the Sinaiticus and Paris manuscripts have epifainoo) their nets; Jesus entering one of the ships, Simon's, prayed him to thrust out a little from land, and preached. Then rewarding his loan of the ship, He desired Simon, Launch out into the deep, and do ye let down your nets for a draught. At Christ's word, however unlikely to reason, he let down, and enclosed so many fish that the net broke; and the partners in the other ship came to his help, and they filled both ships so that they began to sink. Astonished at the miracle, yet encouraged by His further promise to Simon, "henceforth thou shalt catch men," the three forsook not merely their "nets" as before, but "all," and followed Him. In fact the successive calls were:
(1) to friendly acquaintance (Joh 1:37);
(2) to intimacy (Mt 4:18);
(3) to permanent discipleship (Lu 5:11);
(4) (toward the close of the first year of our Lord's ministry) to apostleship (Mt 10:1);
(5) to renewed self dedication, even unto death (Joh 21:15-22).
In Matthew and Luke (Lu 6:14), of the four catalogs of apostles, Andrew follows Peter on the ground of brotherhood. (See APOSTLES.) In Mark (Mr 3:16) and Acts (Ac 1:13) James and John precede Andrew on the ground of greater nearness to Jesus. These four head the twelve; and Andrew is at the foot of the four. Peter, James, and John alone witnessed the raising of Jairus' daughter (Mr 5:37); also the transfiguration (Mt 17:1); also the agony (Mt 26:37). The four asked our Lord "privately" when His prediction of the temple's overthrow should be fulfilled, and what should be the sign (Mr 13:3). In Lu 9:28 (the transfiguration) alone John precedes James. By the time that Luke wrote John was recognized as on a level with James, yet not above him, as Luke in Ac 1:13 has the order, "James, John," but in Ac 12:2 Luke calls James brother of John, who by that time had become the more prominent.
James was probably the elder brother, whence John is twice called "brother of James" (Mr 5:37; Mt 17:1). No official superiority was given, for no trace of it occurs in New Testament; it was the tacitly recognized leadership which some took above the others. James and John were called Boanerges to express their natural character and the grace which would purify and ennoble it, making James the first apostle martyr and John the apostle of love. (See BOANERGES.) Their fiery zeal in its untempered state appeared in their desiring to call fire from heaven to consume the Samaritans. These would not receive Jesus when He sent messengers to make ready for Him (i.e. to announce His Messiahship, which He did not conceal in Samaria as in Judaea and Galilee: Joh 4:26; Lu 9:54), because His face was as though He would go to Jerusalem, whereas they expected the Messiah would confirm their anti-Jewish worship in the mount Gerizim temple.
James and John "saw" some actual collision between the Samaritans and the messengers who were sent before and whom our Lord and His apostles followed presently; just as Elijah in the same Samaria had called for fire upon the offenders face to face (2Ki 1:10,12). In Lu 9:55-56, "ye know not what manner of spirit ye are (not the fiery judicial spirit which befitted Elijah's times, but the spirit of love so as to win men to salvation, is the spirit of Me and Mine), for the Son of man is not come to destroy men's lives but to save them," is not in Alex., Vat., and. Sin. manuscripts The same John subsequently (Ac 8:14-17) came down with Peter to confer the Spirit's gifts on Samaritan believers. What miracles in renewing the heart does the gospel work! Salome the mother of Zebedee's children, impressed by Christ's promise that the twelve should sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel, begged, and her two sons joined in the prayer, that they might sit one on His right the other on His left hand in His glory (Mr 10:35-37).
They prefaced it with pleading His own promise, "Master, we would that Thou shouldest do for us whatsoever we shall desire" (Mt 7:7; Lu 11:9; Mr 11:24). Perhaps jealousy of Peter and Andrew, their rivals for the nearest place to Him, actuated them (Mt 20:20-24). He told them that they should drink of His cup (Sin. and Vat. manuscripts omit in Mt 20:22-23 the clause as to the "baptism") of suffering (Ac 12:1-2; James; Re 1:9; John), but to sit on His right and left, said He, "is not Mine to give, except to those for whom it is prepared of My Father" (so the Greek). The ten were indignant at the claim. James was among those who abode in the upper room and persevered in prayer; the apostles, the women, and the Lord's brethren, after the ascension (Ac 1:13). In A. D. 44 Herod Agrippa I, a pliant politician but strict Jew, "very ambitious to oblige the people, exactly careful in the observance of the laws. and not allowing one day to pass without its appointed sacrifice" (Josephus, Ant. 19:7, section 3), in consonance with his well known character, "laid hands (Greek) on certain of the church."
The Passover had brought James and Peter to Jerusalem (Ac 12:1-3). So he took the opportunity just before the Passover to kill the most fiery of the two first, namely, "James the brother of John." "The sword" was the instrument of his execution, Herod preferring the Roman method to the Jewish punishment of seducers to strange worship, namely, stoning. Clement of Alexandria (Hypotyposeis, 7; Eusebius, H. E., 2:6) records a tradition that James's prosecutor was moved by his bold confession to declare himself a Christian on the spot; he begged James's forgiveness, and the apostle kissed him, saying "peace be to thee"; they were both beheaded together. A Roman Catholic legend says that he preached in Spain, and that his remains were transported to Compostella there!
James, surnamed "the Less" or "Little." Son of Mary (Mr 15:40; Mt 27:56; Lu 24:10). Brother of Jude (Jg 1:1; Lu 6:16; Ac 1:13). "The brother of the Lord" (Mt 13:55; Mr 6:3; Ga 1:19). "Son of Alphaeus" (Mt 10:3; Mr 3:18; Lu 6:15; Ac 1:13). Writer of the epistle; president of the church at Jerusalem (Jas 1:1; Ac 12:17; 15:13,19; Ga 2:9,12). Clopas (Alexandrinus and Vaticanus manuscripts, Joh 19:25) or Cleophas (Sinaiticus manuscript) is the Hebrew, Alphaeus the Greek, of the same name: he married Mary, sister of the Virgin Mary, and had by her James, Joses, Jude, and Simon, and three daughters (Mary is sometimes designated "mother of James and Joses," Mt 27:56, as these were the two oldest); he died before our Lord's ministry began, and his widow went to live with her sister the Virgin Mary, a widow also herself (for Joseph's name never occurs after Luke 2), at Nazareth (Mt 13:55), Capernaum (Joh 2:12), and Jerusalem (Ac 1:14).
Living together the cousins were regarded as "brothers" and "sisters" of Jesus. Being His elders, they went on one occasion to "lay hold on Him," saying that He was "beside Himself"; as He was so pressed by multitudes that He and His disciples "could not so much as eat bread," His cousin brethren thought they would restrain what seemed to them mad zeal (Mr 3:20-21,31-33). The stat
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And, walking by the sea of Galilee, He saw two brothers, Simon who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother, casting a net into the sea, for they were fishers.
"Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened to you;
And, having called to Him His twelve disciples, He gave them authority over unclean spirits, so as to cast them out, and to heal every disease and every sickness.
Philip, and Bartholomew; Thomas, and Matthew the tax-collector; James the son of Alpaeus, and Thaddeus;
Is not This the carpenter's Son? Is not His mother called Mary, and His brothers, James, and Joseph, and Simon, and Judas?
Is not This the carpenter's Son? Is not His mother called Mary, and His brothers, James, and Joseph, and Simon, and Judas?
Is not This the carpenter's Son? Is not His mother called Mary, and His brothers, James, and Joseph, and Simon, and Judas?
And, after six days, Jesus taketh with Him Peter, and James, and John his brother, and bringeth them up into a high mountain apart;
And, after six days, Jesus taketh with Him Peter, and James, and John his brother, and bringeth them up into a high mountain apart;
Then came to Him the mother of the sons of Zebedee with her sons, worshiping and asking something of Him. And He said to her, "What do you wish?" She says to Him, "Command, that these my two sons may sit, one on Thy right hand, and one on Thy left, in Thy Kingdom." read more. But Jesus, answering, said, "Ye know not what ye are asking. Are ye able to drink the cup that I am about to drink?" They say to Him, "We are able."
But Jesus, answering, said, "Ye know not what ye are asking. Are ye able to drink the cup that I am about to drink?" They say to Him, "We are able." He saith to them, "My cup, indeed, ye shall drink; but to sit on My right hand, and on My left, is not Mine to give, but it is for those for whom it has been prepared by My Father."
He saith to them, "My cup, indeed, ye shall drink; but to sit on My right hand, and on My left, is not Mine to give, but it is for those for whom it has been prepared by My Father." And the ten, hearing it, were much displeased with the two brothers.
even so ye, when ye see all these things, know that it is near, at the doors.
And, taking with Him Peter, and the two sons of Zebedee, He began to be grieved and to be in distress.
among whom were Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of the sons of Zebedee.
among whom were Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of the sons of Zebedee.
And straightway He called them; and leaving their father Zebedee in the boat, with the hired servants, they went away after Him.
and Andrew, and Philip, and Bartholomew, and Matthew, and Thomas, and James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus, and Simon the Cananaean,
And the multitude comes together again, so that they could not even eat bread. And, hearing of it, His kinsmen went out to lay hold on Him; for they said, "He became insane!"
And His mother and His brothers come; and, standing without, they sent to Him, calling Him. And a multitude was sitting about Him; and they say to Him, "Behold, Thy mother and Thy brothers without are seeking for Thee." read more. And, answering them, He saith, "Who is My mother, and My brothers?"
And He permitted no one to follow with Him, except Peter, and James, and John the brother of James.
And He permitted no one to follow with Him, except Peter, and James, and John the brother of James.
"Is not This the Carpenter, the Son of Mary, and brother of James, and Joses, and Judas, and Simon? and are not His sisters here with us?" And they were finding occasion of stumbling in Him.
"Is not This the Carpenter, the Son of Mary, and brother of James, and Joses, and Judas, and Simon? and are not His sisters here with us?" And they were finding occasion of stumbling in Him.
And James and John, the sons of Zebedee, come to Him, saying to Him, "Teacher, we wish that Thou wouldest do for us whatsoever we ask." And He said to them, "What do you wish that I should do for you?" read more. And they said to Him, "Grant to us that we may sit, one on Thy right hand, and one on Thy left, in Thy Kingdom."
Therefore, I say to you, all things whatsoever ye pray and ask for, believe that ye received them, and ye shall have them.
And, as He was sitting upon the mount of Olives over against the temple, Peter and James and John and Andrew asked Him privately,
And there were also women, beholding from afar, among whom were Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James the Less and Joses, and Salome;
and He saw two boats standing by the lake; but the fishermen, having gone out of them, were washing their nets.
And, having brought their boats to the land, leaving all, they followed Him.
Simon whom He also called Peter, and Andrew his brother; and James, and John, and Philip, and Bartholomew, and Matthew, and Thomas, and James son of Alphaeus, and Simon who is called Zelotes, read more. and Judas son of James, and Judas Iscariot who became a betrayer;
And it came to pass, about eight days after these words, that, taking Peter, and John, and James, He went up into the mountain to pray.
And, seeing it, His disciples, James and John, said, "Lord, dost Thou wish that we bid fire come down from heaven, and consume them?" But, turning, He rebuked them. read more. And they went on to another village.
And I say to you, ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened to you:
Now they were Mary Magdalene, and Joana, and Mary the mother of James; and the rest of the women with them were telling these things to the apostles.
Again, on the morrow, John was standing, and two of his disciples; and, looking upon Jesus as He was walking, says, "Behold, the Lamb of God!" read more. And the two disciples heard him speaking, and they followed Jesus.
And the two disciples heard him speaking, and they followed Jesus. And Jesus, turning and beholding them following, saith to them, "What are ye seeking?" They said to Him, "Rabbi," (which, being translated, means Teacher), "where abidest Thou?" read more. He saith to them, "Come and ye shall see." They came, therefore, and saw where He was abiding, and they abode with Him that day: it was about the tenth hour. Andrew, the brother of Simon Peter, was one of the two who heard it from John, and followed Him. He first finds his own brother Simon, and says to him, "We have found the Messiah," (which, being translated, is Christ).
After this He went down to Capernaum, Himself, and His mother, and brothers, and His disciples; and there they abode not many days.
His brethren, therefore, said to Him, "Depart hence, and go into Judaea, that Thy disciples also may behold Thy works that Thou doest; for no one does anything in secret, and himself seeks to he known openly. If Thou doest these things, manifest Thyself to the world." read more. For even His brethren did not believe on Him.
But there were standing by the cross of Jesus His mother, and His mother's sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene.
So, when they breakfasted, Jesus saith to Simon Peter, "Simon, son of John, do you love me more than these?" He says to Him, "Yea, Lord, Thou knowest that I fondly love Thee." He saith to him, "Feed My lambs." He saith to him again a second time, "Simon, son of John, do you love Me?" He says to Him, "Yea, Lord, Thou knowest that I fondly love Thee." He saith to him, "Feed My sheep." read more. He saith to him the third time, "Simon, son of John, do you fondly love Me?" Peter was grieved, because He said to him the third time "Do you fondly love Me?" and he said to Him, "Lord, Thou knowest all things; Thou knowest that I do fondly love Thee." Jesus saith to him, "Feed My sheep. Verily, verily, I say to you, when you were young, you were wont to gird yourself, and to walk wheresoever you wished; but, when you become old, you will stretch forth your hands, and another will gird you, and carry you whither you wish not." Now this He spake, signifying by what manner of death he would glorify God. And, having spoken this, He saith to him, "Follow Me." Peter, turning about, sees the disciple whom Jesus loved following; who also at the Supper leaned back on Jesus' breast, and said, "Lord, who is he that betrays Thee?" Peter therefore, seeing him, says to Jesus, "Lord, and what will this man do?" Jesus saith to him, "If I wish him to remain till I come, what is it to you? follow Me."
And, when they entered, they went up into the upper-room, where they were abiding; both Peter and John, and James, and Andrew, Philip, and Thomas, Bartholomew, and Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon the Zealot, and Judas the son of James.
And, when they entered, they went up into the upper-room, where they were abiding; both Peter and John, and James, and Andrew, Philip, and Thomas, Bartholomew, and Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon the Zealot, and Judas the son of James.
And, when they entered, they went up into the upper-room, where they were abiding; both Peter and John, and James, and Andrew, Philip, and Thomas, Bartholomew, and Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon the Zealot, and Judas the son of James.
And, when they entered, they went up into the upper-room, where they were abiding; both Peter and John, and James, and Andrew, Philip, and Thomas, Bartholomew, and Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon the Zealot, and Judas the son of James.
And, when they entered, they went up into the upper-room, where they were abiding; both Peter and John, and James, and Andrew, Philip, and Thomas, Bartholomew, and Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon the Zealot, and Judas the son of James. These all were continuing with one accord in prayer, with the women, and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with His brothers.
Now the apostles in Jerusalem, hearing that Samaria had received the word of God, sent to them Peter and John; who, indeed, having come down, prayed for them, that they might receive the Holy Spirit; read more. for as yet He had fallen upon no one of them, but they had only been immersed in the name of the Lord Jesus. Then they laid their hands on them, and they received the Holy Spirit.
Now, having come to Jerusalem, he was trying to join himself to the disciples; and they were all afraid of him, not believing that he was a disciple. But Barnabas, taking him, brought him to the apostles, and narrated to them how he saw the Lord in the way, and that He spake to him; and how, in Damascus, he spake boldly in the name of Jesus.
But Barnabas, taking him, brought him to the apostles, and narrated to them how he saw the Lord in the way, and that He spake to him; and how, in Damascus, he spake boldly in the name of Jesus. And he was with them, going in and going out at Jerusalem,
Now about that time Herod the king put forth his bands to harm some of the assembly.
Now about that time Herod the king put forth his bands to harm some of the assembly. And he slew James, the brother of John, with the sword;
And he slew James, the brother of John, with the sword;
And he slew James, the brother of John, with the sword; and, seeing that it pleased the Jews, he proceeded to seize Peter also. And then were the days of unleavened bread.
But, beckoning to them with his hand to be silent, he declared to them, how the Lord brought him forth out of the prison. And he Said, "Declare these things to James, and to the brethren." And, going forth, he went to another place.
But, beckoning to them with his hand to be silent, he declared to them, how the Lord brought him forth out of the prison. And he Said, "Declare these things to James, and to the brethren." And, going forth, he went to another place.
But, beckoning to them with his hand to be silent, he declared to them, how the Lord brought him forth out of the prison. And he Said, "Declare these things to James, and to the brethren." And, going forth, he went to another place.
Wherefore, I judge that we should not trouble those who from among the gentiles are turning to God;
Wherefore, I judge that we should not trouble those who from among the gentiles are turning to God;
And, when we came to Jerusalem, the brethren gladly received us. And, on the following day, Paul went in with us to James; and all the elders were present.
And, on the following day, Paul went in with us to James; and all the elders were present. And, having saluted them, he narrated, one by one, each of the things God wrought among the gentiles through his ministry.
And, having saluted them, he narrated, one by one, each of the things God wrought among the gentiles through his ministry. And they, hearing it, were glorifying God, and said to him, "You observe, brother, how many thousands there are among the Jews, of those who have believed; and they are all zealous for the law. read more. And they were informed by report concerning you, that you teach all the Jews who are among the gentiles to forsake Moses, telling them not to circumcise their children, nor to walk after the customs. What is it, therefore? They will certainly hear that you have come. Do this, therefore, which we say to you: we have four men who have a vow on them; taking these to yourself, be purified with them, and incur expense for them, that they may shave their heads; and all will know that there is nothing in those things of which they have been instructed concerning you; but that you yourself also are walking orderly, keeping the law. But concerning the gentiles who have believed, we sent to them, having given judgment, that they should keep themselves from idol-sacrifices, and from blood, and from anything strangled, and from fornication."
Have we no right to lead about a sister as our wife, even as the rest of the apostles, and the brothers of the Lord, and Cephas?
Then, after three years, I went up to Jerusalem to become acquainted with Cephas, and continued with him fifteen days. But other of the apostles I saw not, except James, the brother of the Lord.
But other of the apostles I saw not, except James, the brother of the Lord.
But other of the apostles I saw not, except James, the brother of the Lord.
And, perceiving the grace which was given to me, James and Cephas and John, who were reputed to be pillars, gave to me and Barnabas right-hands of fellowship, that we should go to the gentiles, and they to the circumcision;
And, perceiving the grace which was given to me, James and Cephas and John, who were reputed to be pillars, gave to me and Barnabas right-hands of fellowship, that we should go to the gentiles, and they to the circumcision;
And, perceiving the grace which was given to me, James and Cephas and John, who were reputed to be pillars, gave to me and Barnabas right-hands of fellowship, that we should go to the gentiles, and they to the circumcision; only they desired that we should remember the poor, which very thing I was also eager to do. read more. But, when Cephas came to Antioch, I withstood him to the face, because he was blameworthy;
But, when Cephas came to Antioch, I withstood him to the face, because he was blameworthy; for, before certain ones came from James, he was eating with the gentiles; but, when they came, he was withdrawing and separating himself, fearing those of the circumcision.
for, before certain ones came from James, he was eating with the gentiles; but, when they came, he was withdrawing and separating himself, fearing those of the circumcision.
for, before certain ones came from James, he was eating with the gentiles; but, when they came, he was withdrawing and separating himself, fearing those of the circumcision.
For every high priest, taken from among men, is appointed in behalf of men in the things pertaining to God, that he may offer both gifts and sacrifices for sins;
Remember those who are your leaders, who spake to you the word of God; and, considering the issue of whose manner of life, imitate their faith.
James, a slave of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ, to the twelve tribes who are in the Dispersion, greeting.
Come now, ye rich, weep, howling over your miseries that are coming upon you!
Be ye also patient; establish your hearts, because the coming of the Lord has drawn near. Murmur not against one another, brethren, that ye be not judged: behold, The Judge has taken His stand before the doors!
I, John, your brother, and fellow-sharer in the tribulation, and kingdom, and patience in Jesus, was in the island called Patmos, because of the word of God and the testimony of Jesus.
Hastings
JAMES
1. James, the son of Zehedee, one of the Twelve, the elder brother of John. Their father was a Galil
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Then the Devil takes Him into the holy city, and placed Him on the pinnacle of the temple,
And, having gone on thence, He saw other two brothers: James a son of Zebedee, and John his brother, in the boat with Zebedee their father, mending their nets; and He called them; and they, having immediately left the boat and their father, followed Him.
Now the names of the twelve apostles are these: first, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother;
among whom were Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of the sons of Zebedee.
And going on a little further, He saw James, the son of Zebedee, and John his brother, and those in the ship mending the nets. And straightway He called them; and leaving their father Zebedee in the boat, with the hired servants, they went away after Him.
And straightway He called them; and leaving their father Zebedee in the boat, with the hired servants, they went away after Him.
And passing by, He saw Levi, the son of Alphaeus, sitting at the tax-office, and saith to him, "Follow Me." And, rising up, he followed Him.
and James the son of Zebedee, and John the brother of James, (and He added to these the name "Boanerges," that is, "sons of thunder");
And He calleth to Him the twelve, and began to send them forth by two and two, and was giving them authority over the unclean spirits;
And there were also women, beholding from afar, among whom were Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James the Less and Joses, and Salome;
And there were also women, beholding from afar, among whom were Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James the Less and Joses, and Salome;
And, the sabbath having past, Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James, and Salome, bought spices, that, coming, they might anoint Him.
And he led Him to Jerusalem, and set Him on the pinnacle of the temple, and said to Him, "If Thou art God's Son, cast Thyself down hence;
and likewise also James and John, sons of Zebedee, who were partners with Simon. And Jesus said to Simon, "Fear not; henceforth you will catch men."
Simon whom He also called Peter, and Andrew his brother; and James, and John, and Philip, and Bartholomew,
But there were standing by the cross of Jesus His mother, and His mother's sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene.
But there were standing by the cross of Jesus His mother, and His mother's sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene.
But there were standing by the cross of Jesus His mother, and His mother's sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene.
And he slew James, the brother of John, with the sword;
And, having come to Jerusalem, they were welcomed by the assembly and apostles and elders; and they rehearsed as many things as God wrought with them. But there rose up some from the sect of the Pharisees, who believed, saying, "It is necessary to circumcise them, and to charge them to keep the law of Moses." read more. And the apostles and the elders were assembled together to see about this matter. And, much discussion having arisen, Peter, standing up, said to them, "Brethren, ye well know that, from early days, God made choice among you, that through my mouth the gentiles should hear the word of the Gospel, and believe. And the heart-knowing God bore witness to them, giving them the Holy Spirit, even as to us: and He made no distinction between us and them, having purified their hearts by faith. Now, therefore, why do ye tempt God, that ye should put a yoke upon the neck of the disciples, which neither our fathers nor we were strong enough to bear? But we believe that we shall be saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus, in the same manner as also they." And all the multitude kept silence: and they were listening to Barnabas and Paul, recounting what signs and wonders God wrought among the gentiles through them. And, after they were silent, James answered, saying, "Brethren, hear me. Simeon declared how God first visited the gentiles, to take out of them a people for His name. And with this agree the words of the prophets; as it has been written, 'After these things I will return; and I will build again the tabernacle of David, which has fallen down; and the ruins thereof will I build again; and I will set it up; that the residue of men may seek after the Lord, even all the gentiles upon whom My name has been called,' saith the Lord, Who maketh these things known from of old. Wherefore, I judge that we should not trouble those who from among the gentiles are turning to God; but that we write to them to abstain from the pollutions of idols, and from fornication, and from anything strangled, and from blood; for Moses, from ancient generations, has in every city those preaching him, being read in the synagogues every sabbath." Then it seemed good to the apostles and elders, with the whole assembly, to send men, chosen from themselves, to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas; Judas who is surnamed Barsabas, and Silas??eading men among the brethren; having written through their hand thus: "The apostles, and the elders, brethren, to the brethren from the gentiles throughout Antioch and Syria and Cilicia, greeting: Forasmuch as we heard that some from among us troubled you with words, unsettling your souls??o whom we gave no directions; it seemed good to us, having become of one mind, having chosen men, to send to you, with our beloved Barnabas and Paul, men who have given up their souls in behalf of the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. We have sent, therefore, Judas and Silas; themselves also reporting the same things to you by word of mouth. For it seemed good to the Holy Spirit, and to us, to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things: that ye abstain from idol-sacrifices, and from blood, and from things strangled, and from fornication; from which keeping yourselves, ye shall do well. Fare ye well." So they being dismissed came down to Antioch; and, having assembled the multitude, they delivered the letter. And, having read it, they rejoiced at the consolation. And Judas and Silas, themselves also being prophets, exhorted the brethren in many words, and confirmed them. And, having spent a time there, they were sent away with peace from the brethren to those who had sent them. OMITTED TEXT.
And, on the following day, Paul went in with us to James; and all the elders were present. And, having saluted them, he narrated, one by one, each of the things God wrought among the gentiles through his ministry.
Then, after three years, I went up to Jerusalem to become acquainted with Cephas, and continued with him fifteen days. But other of the apostles I saw not, except James, the brother of the Lord.
Then, fourteen years later, I went up again to Jerusalem with Barnabas, taking with me Titus also. And I went up according to revelation, and laid before them the Gospel which I preach among the Gentiles; but privately to those of repute, lest by any means I should run, or had run, in vain. read more. But not even Titus, who was with me, being a Greek, was compelled to be circumcised; and that was because of the false brethren secretly introduced, who, indeed, crept in to spy out our liberty which we have in Christ Jesus, that they might bring us into bondage; to whom not even for an hour did we yield in subjection, that the truth of the Gospel might continue with you. But from those reputed to be something (whatever they were, it matters not to me: God does not accept man's person): to me, in fact, those of repute added nothing; but, on the contrary, seeing that I had been entrusted with the Gospel of the uncircumcision, as Peter was with that of the circumcision; (for He Who wrought for Peter with regard to an apostleship of the circumcision, wrought for me also with regard to the gentiles). And, perceiving the grace which was given to me, James and Cephas and John, who were reputed to be pillars, gave to me and Barnabas right-hands of fellowship, that we should go to the gentiles, and they to the circumcision; only they desired that we should remember the poor, which very thing I was also eager to do.
James, a slave of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ, to the twelve tribes who are in the Dispersion, greeting.
Jude, a slave of Jesus Christ, and brother of James, to the called, beloved in God the Father, and kept for Jesus Christ:
Smith
(the Greek form of Jacob, supplanter).
1. James the son of Zebedee, one of the twelve apostles. He was elder brother of the evangelist John. His mother's name was Salome. We first hear of him in A.D. 27,
when at the call of the Master he left all, and became, one and forever, his disciple, in the spring of 28.
Mt 10:2; Mr 3:14; Lu 6:13; Ac 1:13
It would seem to have been at the time of the appointment of the twelve apostles that the name of Boanerges was given to the sons of Zebedee. The "sons of thunder" had a burning and impetuous spirit, which twice exhibits itself.
Mr 10:37; Lu 9:54
On the night before the crucifixion James was present at the agony in the garden. On the day of the ascension he is mentioned as persevering with the rest of the apostles and disciples, in prayer.
Shortly before the day of the Passover, in the year 44, he was put to death by Herod Agrippa I.
2. James the son of Alpheus, one of the twelve apostles.
Whether or not this James is to be identified with James the Less, the son of Alphaeus, the brother of our Lord, is one of the most difficult questions in the gospel history. By comparing
and Mark 15:40 with John 19:25 we find that the Virgin Mary had a sister named, like herself, Mary, who was the wife of Clopas or Alpheus (varieties of the same name), and who had two sons, James the Less and Joses. By referring to
and Mark 6:3 we find that a James the Less and Joses, with two other brethren called Jude and Simon, and at least three sisters, were sisters with the Virgin Mary at Nazareth by referring to
Lu 6:16
and Acts 1:13 we find that there were two brethren named James and Jude among the apostles. It would certainly be natural to think that we had here but one family of four brothers and three or more sisters, the children of Clopas and Mary, nephews and nieces of the Virgin Mary. There are difficulties however, in the way of this conclusion into which we cannot here enter; but in reply to the objection that the four brethren in
are described as the brothers of Jesus, not as his cousins, it must be recollected that adelphoi, which is here translated "brethren," may also signify cousins.
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Now the names of the twelve apostles are these: first, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother; Philip, and Bartholomew; Thomas, and Matthew the tax-collector; James the son of Alpaeus, and Thaddeus;
Is not This the carpenter's Son? Is not His mother called Mary, and His brothers, James, and Joseph, and Simon, and Judas?
And straightway He called them; and leaving their father Zebedee in the boat, with the hired servants, they went away after Him.
And He appointed twelve [whom He also named apostles], that they might be with Him, and that He might send them forth to preach,
And they said to Him, "Grant to us that we may sit, one on Thy right hand, and one on Thy left, in Thy Kingdom."
And when it became day, He called His disciples; and, having selected twelve from them, (whom He also called apostles):
And, seeing it, His disciples, James and John, said, "Lord, dost Thou wish that we bid fire come down from heaven, and consume them?"
And, when they entered, they went up into the upper-room, where they were abiding; both Peter and John, and James, and Andrew, Philip, and Thomas, Bartholomew, and Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon the Zealot, and Judas the son of James.
And, when they entered, they went up into the upper-room, where they were abiding; both Peter and John, and James, and Andrew, Philip, and Thomas, Bartholomew, and Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon the Zealot, and Judas the son of James.
Now about that time Herod the king put forth his bands to harm some of the assembly. And he slew James, the brother of John, with the sword; read more. and, seeing that it pleased the Jews, he proceeded to seize Peter also. And then were the days of unleavened bread. And, having seized him, he put him in prison, delivering him to four quaternions of soldiers to guard him; intending, after the passover, to bring him up to the people. Peter, therefore, was kept in the prison; but prayer was being earnestly made by the assembly to God in his behalf. And, when Herod was about to bring him forth, in that night Peter was sleeping between two soldiers, bound with two chains; and guards before the door were keeping the prison. And, behold, an angel of the Lord stood by him, and a light shined in the cell; and, smiting the side of Peter, he raised him up, saying, "Rise up quickly!" And his chains fell off from his hands. And the angel said to him, "Gird yourself, and bind on your sandals." And he did so. And he says to him, "Cast your garment around you, and follow me." And, going forth, he was following him; and he knew not that it was true, which was being done by the angel, but was thinking that he saw a vision. And, having passed the first and second watch; they came to the iron gate that leads into the city, which opened to them of its own accord; and, going out, they passed on through one street, and straightway the angel departed from him. And Peter, having come to himself, said, "Now I know truly that the Lord sent forth His angel, and delivered me out of Herod's hand, and from all the expectation of the people of the Jews. And, having considered it, he went to the house of Mary, the mother of John who is surnamed Mark; where many were gathered together and were praying. And, when he knocked at the door of the gate, a maid came near to answer, Rhoda by name. And, recognizing the voice of Peter, she opened not the gate for joy; but, running in, she told them that Peter was standing before the gate. And they said to her, "You are mad!" But she kept confidently affirming that it was so. And they said, "It is his angel" But Peter continued knocking; and, opening, they saw him, and were amazed. But, beckoning to them with his hand to be silent, he declared to them, how the Lord brought him forth out of the prison. And he Said, "Declare these things to James, and to the brethren." And, going forth, he went to another place. And, when it became day, there was no small commotion among the soldiers, as to what, consequently, became of Peter. And Herod, having sought for him, and not finding him, having examined the guards, ordered that they be led away to death. And, going down from Judaea to Caesarea, he tarried there. Now he was very angry with the Tyrians and Sidonians; and they came with one accord to him; and, having made Blastus, the king's chamberlain, their friend, they asked for peace, because their country was being maintained by that of the king. And, on a set day, Herod, having put on royal apparel, and seating himself on the judgment seat, made a speech to them. And the people were shouting, "It is the voice of a god, and not of a man!"
Watsons
JAMES, '???????, of the same import as Jacob. James, surnamed the greater, or the elder, to distinguish him from James the younger, was brother to John the evangelist, and son to Zebedee and Salome, Mt 4:21. He was of Bethsaida, in Galilee, and left all to follow Christ. Salome requested our Saviour, that her two sons, James and John, might sit at his right hand, when he should be in possession of his kingdom. Our Saviour answered, that it belonged to his heavenly Father alone to dispose of these places of honour, Mt 20:21. Before their vocation, James and John followed the trade of fishermen with their father Zebedee; and they did not quit their profession till our Saviour called them, Mr 1:18-19. They were witnesses of our Lord's transfiguration, Mt 17:2. When certain Samaritans refused to admit Jesus Christ, James and John wished for fire from heaven to consume them, Lu 9:54; and for this reason, it is thought, the name of Boanerges, or sons of thunder, was given them. Some days after the resurrection of our Saviour, James and John went to fish in the sea of Tiberias, where they saw Jesus. They were present at the ascension of our Lord. St. James is said to have preached to all the dispersed tribes of Israel; but for this there is only report. His martyrdom is related, Ac 12:1-2, about A.D. 42, or 44, for the date is not well ascertained. Herod Agrippa, king of the Jews, and grandson of Herod the Great, caused him to be seized and executed at Jerusalem. Clemens Alexandrinus informs us, that he who brought St. James before the judges was so much affected with his constancy in confessing Jesus Christ, that he also declared himself a Christian, and was condemned, as well as the Apostle, to be beheaded.
JAMES THE LESS, surnamed the brother of our Lord, Ga 1:19, was the son of Cleopas, otherwise called Alpheus, and Mary, sister to the blessed virgin; consequently, he was cousin-german to Jesus Christ. He was surnamed the Just, on account of the admirable holiness and purity of his life. He is said to have been a priest, and to have observed the laws of the Nazarites from his birth. Our Saviour appeared to James the less, eight days after his resurrection, 1Co 15:7. He was at Jerusalem, and was considered as a pillar of the church, when St. Paul first came thither after his conversion, Ga 1:19, A.D. 37. In the council of Jerusalem, held in the year 61, St. James gave his vote last; and the result of the council was principally formed from what St. James said, who, though he observed the ceremonies of the law, and was careful that others should observe them, was of opinion, that such a yoke was not to be imposed on the faithful converted from among the Heathens, Ac 15:13, &c.
James the less was a person of great prudence and discretion, and was highly esteemed by the Apostles and other Christians. Such, indeed, was his general reputation for piety and virtue, that, as we learn from Origen, Eusebius, and Jerom, Josephus thought, and declared it to be the common opinion, that the sufferings of the Jews, and the destruction of their city and temple, were owing to the anger of God, excited by the murder of James. This must be considered as a strong and remarkable testimony to the character of this Apostle, as it is given by a person who did not believe that Jesus was the Christ. The passages of Josephus, referred to by those fathers upon this subject, are not found in his works now extant.
JAMES, GENERAL EPISTLE OF. Clement of Rome and Hermas allude to this epistle; and it is quoted by Origen, Eusebius, Athanasius, Jerom, Chrysostom, Augustine, and many other fathers. But though the antiquity of this epistle had been always undisputed, some few formerly doubted its right to be admitted into the canon. Eusebius says, that in his time it was generally, though not universally, received as canonical; and publicly read in most, but not in all, churches; and Estius affirms, that after the fourth century, no church or ecclesiastical writer is found who ever doubted its authenticity; but that, on the contrary, it is included in all subsequent catalogues of canonical Scripture, whether published by councils, churches, or individuals. It has, indeed, been the uniform tradition of the church, that this epistle was written by James the Just; but it was not universally admitted till after the fourth century, that James the Just was the same person as James the less, one of the twelve Apostles; that point being ascertained, the canonical authority of this epistle was no longer doubted. It is evident that this epistle could not have been written by James the elder, for he was beheaded by Herod Agrippa in the year 44, and the errors and vices reproved in this epistle show it to be of a much later date; and the destruction of Jerusalem is also here spoken of as being very near at hand, Jas 5:8-9. It has always been considered as a circumstance very much in favour of this epistle, that it was found in the Syriac version, which was made as early as the end of the first century, and for the particular use of converted Jews,
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And, having gone on thence, He saw other two brothers: James a son of Zebedee, and John his brother, in the boat with Zebedee their father, mending their nets; and He called them;
and He was transfigured before them; and His face shone as the sun, and His garments became white as the light.
And He said to her, "What do you wish?" She says to Him, "Command, that these my two sons may sit, one on Thy right hand, and one on Thy left, in Thy Kingdom."
And straightway, leaving the nets, they followed Him. And going on a little further, He saw James, the son of Zebedee, and John his brother, and those in the ship mending the nets.
And, seeing it, His disciples, James and John, said, "Lord, dost Thou wish that we bid fire come down from heaven, and consume them?"
Now about that time Herod the king put forth his bands to harm some of the assembly. And he slew James, the brother of John, with the sword;
But other of the apostles I saw not, except James, the brother of the Lord.
But other of the apostles I saw not, except James, the brother of the Lord.
Be ye also patient; establish your hearts, because the coming of the Lord has drawn near. Murmur not against one another, brethren, that ye be not judged: behold, The Judge has taken His stand before the doors!