Reference: Meals
American
See EATING.
Easton
are at the present day "eaten from a round table little higher than a stool, guests sitting cross-legged on mats or small carpets in a circle, and dipping their fingers into one large dish heaped with a mixture of boiled rice and other grain and meat. But in the time of our Lord, and perhaps even from the days of Amos (Am 6:4,7), the foreign custom had been largely introduced of having broad couches, forming three sides of a small square, the guests reclining at ease on their elbows during meals, with their faces to the space within, up and down which servants passed offering various dishes, or in the absence of servants, helping themselves from dishes laid on a table set between the couches." Geikie's Life of Christ. (Comp. Lu 7:36-50.) (See Abraham's bosom; Banquet; Feast.)
Illustration: Roman Triclinium
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Who are lying on beds of ivory, and sprawling on their couch of pleasure, - and eating the well-fed of the flock, and the fatted calves out of the midst of the stalls:
Therefore, at once, shall they go into exile among the first of the exiles, - so shall be disturbed the revelry of sprawlers.
And a certain one of the Pharisees was requesting him, that he would eat with him; and, entering into the house of the Pharisee, he reclined. And, 1o! a woman, who indeed was in the city a sinner; and, when she found out that he was reclining in the house of the Pharisee, providing an alabaster-jar of perfume, read more. and standing behind, near his feet, weeping, with the tears, began she to be wetting his feet, and, with the hair of her head, was wiping off the tears , and was tenderly kissing his feet, and anointing them with the perfume. But the Pharisee who had invited him, seeing it, spake within himself, saying, This one, if he were the prophet, would have been taking note, who and of what sort, is the woman, who is even touching him, that she is, a sinner. And, making answer, Jesus said unto him - Simon! I have, unto thee, something to say. He, then - Teacher, speak! - saith he. Two debtors, there were, to a certain creditor, - the one, owed five hundred denaries, and, the other, fifty. they not having wherewith to pay, he forgave, both. Which of them, therefore, will love him, more? Making answer, Simon said - I suppose, that he to whom, the more, he forgave. And, he, said unto him - Rightly, hast thou judged. And, turning towards the woman, unto Simon, he said - Seest thou this woman? I entered into thy house: water to me, on my feet, thou didst not give, - but, she, with her tears, hath wetted my feet, and, with her hair, wiped off the tears . A kiss, to me, thou didst not give, - but, she, from the time I came in, hath not ceased tenderly kissing my feet. With oil, my head, thou didst not anoint, - but, she, with perfume, hath anointed, my feet. For which cause, I say unto thee - Her many sins, have been forgiven, because she hath loved, much: but, he to whom little is forgiven, little, loveth. And he said unto her - Thy sins have been forgiven. And they who were reclining together, began to be saying within themselves - Who is, this, that, even forgiveth sins? But he said unto the woman - Thy faith, hath saved thee, - Go thy way into peace.
Fausets
The ariston, often translated "dinner," is rather breakfast or luncheon (Mt 22:4); Lu 14:12 "a dinner (breakfast or luncheon) or a supper" (deipnon, a late dinner). The principal Egyptian meal was at noon (Ge 43:16); but the Jews' chief meal at even (Ge 19:1-3, Lot; Ru 3:7, Boaz). Israel ate bread or manna in the morning, flesh in the evening (Ex 16:12); the Passover supper in the evening confirms this. The ancient Hebrew sat at meals (Ge 27:19; Jg 19:6), but not necessarily on a chair, which was reserved as a special dignity (2Ki 4:10). Reclining on couches was latterly the posture at meals (Am 6:4); Am 3:12 says, "dwell in the corner of a bed," i.e. the inner corner where the two sides of the divan meet, the place of dignity (Pusey), "and in Damascus (in) a couch"; not as Gesenius "on a damask couch," for Damascus was then famed for the raw material "white wool" (Eze 27:18), not yet for damask.
Derived from the Syrians, Babylonians, and Persians (Es 1:6; 7:8). For "tables," Mr 7:4, translated "couches"; and for "sitting at meat" in New Testament translated everywhere "reclining." As three were generally on one couch, one lay or "leaned" on another's bosom, as John did on Jesus' chest. Such a close position was chosen by friends, and gave the opportunity of confidential whispering, as when John asked who should betray Jesus (Joh 13:23-25). Ordinarily, three couches (the highest, the middle, and the lowest) formed three sides of a square, the fourth being open for the servants to bring the dishes. On each couch there was the highest, the middle and the lowest guest. "The uppermost room" desired by the Pharisees was the highest seat on the highest couch (Mt 23:6). Females were not as now in the East secluded from the males at meals, as the cases of Ruth among the reapers (Ru 2:14), Elkanah with his wives (1Sa 1:4), Job's sons and daughters (Job 1:4) show.
The women served the men (Lu 10:40; Joh 12:2). The blessing of the food by thanks to the Giver preceded the meal; the only Old Testament instance is 1Sa 9:13. Our Lord always did so (Mt 15:36; Joh 6:11); so Paul (Ac 27:35), confirming precept (1Ti 4:3-4) by practice. De 8:10 implies the duty of grace at the close of a meal. A bread sop held between the thumb and two fingers was dipped into the melted grease in a bowl, or into a dish of meat, and a piece taken out. To hand a friend a delicate morsel was esteemed a kindly act. So Jesus to Judas, treating him as a friend, which aggravates his treachery (Joh 13:18,26; Ps 41:9). Geier, in Poli Synopsis, translated Pr 19:24 "a slothful man hides his hand in the "dish" (tsaliachat) and will not so much as bring it to his mouth again"; KJV means the cavity in the bosom like a dish. Great feasts were held at the end of each third year (De 14:28) when the Levite, stranger, fatherless, and widow were invited (compare Lu 14:12-13; Ne 8:10-12).
After a previous invitation, on the day of the feast a second was issued to intimate all was ready (Es 5:8; 6:14; Mt 22:3-4). The guests were received with a kiss; water for the feet, ointment for the person, and robes were supplied (Lu 7:38-45). The washing of hands before meals was indispensable for cleanliness, as the ringers were their knives and forks, and all the guests dipped into the same dish (Mt 26:23). The Pharisees overlaid this with a minute and burdensome ritual (Mr 7:1-13). Wreaths were worn on the head: Isa 28:1, where the beauty of Samaria is the "fading flower on the head of the fat valleys." Its position on the brow of a hill made the comparison appropriate. Hebraism for "woe to the proud crown of the drunkards of Ephraim" (Horsley).
Its people were generally drunken revelers literally, and metaphorically like such were rushing on their own ruin (Isa 28:7-8; 5:11-22; Am 4:1; 6:1-6). The nation would perish as the drunkard's soon fading wreath. A "governor of the feast" (architriklinos, the Greek sumposiarchees, the Latin magister convivii) superintended, tasting the food and liquors, and settling the order and rules of the entertainment (Joh 2:8). The places were assigned according to the respective rank (Ge 43:33; 1Sa 9:22; Lu 14:8; Mr 12:39). Drinking revels were called mishteh (the komos of the Greeks, Latin comissatio), 1Sa 25:36. Condemned by the prophets (Isa 5:11; Am 6:6) and apostles (Ro 13:13; Ga 5:21; Eph 5:18; 1Pe 4:3).
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So the two messengers went in towards Sodom at eventide, Lot, being seated in the gate of Sodom, - so Lot beheld and rose up to meet them, and bowed himself with his face to the earth. And he said Behold, I pray you my lords turn aside, I pray you, into the house of your servant, - and tarry the night and bathe your feet, so shall ye rise early, and go on your way. And they said, Nay, but, in the broad way, will we tarry the night. read more. But he became exceeding urgent with them, so they turned aside unto him and entered into his house, - and he made for them a banquet, unleavened cakes, also did he bake, and they did eat.
And Jacob said unto his father I, am Esau thy firstborn, I have made ready, as thou didst bid me. Rise, I pray thee, sit up, and eat thou of my game, To the end thy soul may bless me.
And Joseph saw - with them - Benjamin, so he said to him that was over his house Bring the men into the house, - and slay meat and make ready, for with me, shall the men eat at noon.
So they took their seats before him, the firstborn, according to his birthright and the youngest, according to his youth, - and the men looked with amazement, each one at his companion.
I have heard the murmurings of the sons of Israel, - speak unto them, saying - Between the two evenings, shall ye eat flesh, and in the morning, shall ye be filled with bread, - so shall ye know that I Yahweh am your God.
So then thou shalt eat and be satisfied, - and bless Yahweh thy God, for the good land which he hath given unto thee.
At the end of three years, shalt thou bring forth all the tithe of thine increase in that year, - and shalt lay it up within thy gates;
So they both of them sat down and did eat together, and drink. Then said the father of the damsel unto the man, Be content, I pray thee, and tarry the night, and let thy heart be glad.
And Boaz said to her at mealtime - Draw nigh hither, and eat of the bread, and dip thy morsel in the vinegar. So she sat beside the reapers, and there was reached to her parched corn, and she did eat and was satisfied, and left thereof remaining.
And, when Boaz had eaten, and drunk, and his heart was glad, he went in to lie down at the end of the heap of corn. Then came she in softly, and turned aside the covering of his feet, and laid her down.
And, when the day came for Elkanah to sacrifice, he used to give, to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and her daughters, portions;
As ye enter the city, so, shall ye surely find him, ere yet he shall go up to the high place to eat, for the people will not eat until he hath come, for, he, doth bless the sacrifice, after that, will they eat who have been bidden. Now, therefore, go up, for, about this very time, shall ye surely find him.
And, when Abigail came unto Nabal, lo! he, had a banquet in his house, like the banquet of a king, and, the heart of Nabal, was glad accordingly, he having drunk deeply, - so she told him nothing - less or more, until the light of the morning.
I pray thee, let us make a little upper chamber on the wall and set for him there - a bed, and a table, and a seat, and a lampstand, - so shall it be, when he cometh to us, that he can turn in thither.
So he said unto them - Go your way, eat the fat and drink the sweet, and send portions unto them for whom nothing is prepared, for holy is the day, unto our Lord, - and be not grieved, for, the joy of Yahweh, is your strength. And, the Levites, were quieting all the people, saying - Hush! for, the day, is holy, - and be not grieved. read more. And all the people went their way, to eat and to drink, and to send portions, and to make great rejoicing, - because they had understood the words which were made known unto them.
white stuff, cotton and blue, being held fast with cords of fine linen and purple, upon rods of silver, and pillars of white marble, - the couches being of gold and silver, upon a pavement of alabaster and white marble, and pearl and black marble.
If I have found favour in the eyes of the king, and if, unto the king, it seem good, to grant my petition, and to perform my request, let the king with Haman come in unto the banquet which I will prepare for them, and, to-morrow, I will do according to the word of the king.
While yet they were speaking with him, the eunuchs of the king, had come, - and they hastened to bring Haman, unto the banquet which Esther had prepared.
When, the king, returned out of the palace garden into the place of the banquet of wine, Haman, was lying prostrate upon the couch whereon Esther was. Then said the king, Will he, even dare to force the queen, while I am in the house? No sooner had the word gone forth out of the mouth of the king, than, the face of Haman, they had covered.
Now his sons were wont to go, and make a banquet, at the house of each one upon his day, - and to send and call their three sisters, to eat and to drink with them.
Even the man whom I used to salute, in whom I put confidence, who used to eat my bread, - hath magnified his heel against me!
A sluggard burieth his hand in the dish, even unto his own mouth, will he not bring it back.
Alas, for them who rise early in the morning that strong drink, they may pursue, - Who follow on in the evening cool until with wine, they are heated;
Alas, for them who rise early in the morning that strong drink, they may pursue, - Who follow on in the evening cool until with wine, they are heated; And it cometh to pass - that lyre and harp, timbrel and flute and wine are in their banquets, - But, the doing of Yahweh, they do not discern, And the work of his hands, have they not seen. read more. Therefore, are my people taken away captive before they know it, - And their honourable mean are famished with hunger, And, their multitude, do gape for thirst. Therefore, hath hades enlarged her desire, And opened her mouth to its widest, - And their glory, and their multitude and their pomp. and he that is uproarious shall descend thereinto. And the mean man hath been bowed down And the mighty man hath been humbled, - Yea the looks of the haughty shall be humbled. But Yahweh of hosts, hath been exalted, in justice, - And the GOD that is holy hath been hallowed in righteousness; Then shall the young rams feed where they please, - And, the wastes of the wealthy, shall strangers consume. Alas! for them Who draw on themselves punishment with cords of falsehood, - And as with waggon-bands, penalty: Who say - Let his work quicken - let it hasten, That we may see, - And let the purpose of Israel's Holy One, draw near and come. That we may know! Alas! for them Who call evil good and good evil, - Who put darkness for light and light for darkness, Who put bitter for sweet and sweet for bitter. Alas for them Who are wise in their own eyes, - And in their own sight, are prudent. Alas for them Who are heroes to drink wine, - And men of valour to mingle strong drink,
Alas! for the proud crown of the drunkards of Ephraim, And for his fading wreath of majestic beauty, - Which is on the head of the fertile valley, of them who are overcome with wine.
But as for these, With wine, do they reel, and With strong drink, do they stagger, - Priest and prophet, reel with strong drink They are swallowed up through wine They stagger through strong drink, They reel in prophetic vision, They totter in pronouncing judgment. For, all tables, are full of filthy vomit, - There is no place!
Damascus was a trader of thine For the multitude of thy manufactures For the multitude of all wealth,- With the wine of Helbon and white wool:
Thus, saith Yahweh, Just as a shepherd rescueth, out of the mouth of the lion, a couple of shankbones, or the tip of an ear, so, shall be rescued the sons of Israel, who are tarrying in Samaria, in the corner of the divan, and on the damask of the luxurious couch.
Hear ye this word, ye heifers of Bashan, that are in the mountain of Samaria, who oppress the poor, who crush the needy, - who say to their lords, Bring in, and let us drink!
Alas for the careless in Zion, and for them who put confidence in the mountain of Samaria, - the distinguished among the first group of nations, to whom came in the house of Israel. Pass ye over to Calneh, and see, and go on from thence to Hamath the great, - and go down to Gath of the Philistines, are they better than these kingdoms? or their boundary larger than your boundary? read more. Ye who are putting far away the day of calamity, - but bringing near the abode of violence: Who are lying on beds of ivory, and sprawling on their couch of pleasure, - and eating the well-fed of the flock, and the fatted calves out of the midst of the stalls:
Who are lying on beds of ivory, and sprawling on their couch of pleasure, - and eating the well-fed of the flock, and the fatted calves out of the midst of the stalls: Who are bawling at the bidding of the harp, - like David, have they invented for themselves instruments of song: read more. Who are quaffing bowls of wine, and, with the best of oils, anointing themselves, - and are not afflicted for the injury of Joseph: -
Who are quaffing bowls of wine, and, with the best of oils, anointing themselves, - and are not afflicted for the injury of Joseph: -
he took the seven loaves, and the fishes, and, giving thanks, brake, - and began giving to his disciples, and, the disciples, to the multitudes.
And sent his servants, to call the invited into the marriage-feast, - and they would not come. Again, sent he other servants, saying - Say to the invited, Lo! my dinner, have I prepared, mine oxen and my fatlings, are slain, - and, all things, are, ready: Come ye into the marriage-feast.
Again, sent he other servants, saying - Say to the invited, Lo! my dinner, have I prepared, mine oxen and my fatlings, are slain, - and, all things, are, ready: Come ye into the marriage-feast.
And dearly love the first couch in the chief meals, and the first seats in the synagogues,
And, he, answering, said - He who hath dipped with me his hand in the bowl, the same, will deliver me up.
And the Pharisees and certain of the Scribes who have come from Jerusalem gather themselves together unto him; and, observing certain of his disciples, that, with defiled hands, that is unwashed, they are eating bread, - - read more. For, the Pharisees, and all the Jews, unless with care they wash their hands, eat not, holding fast the tradition of the elders; and coming from market, unless they sprinkle themselves, they eat not, - and, many other things, there are, which they have accepted to hold fast - immersions of cups and measures and copper vessels - -
and coming from market, unless they sprinkle themselves, they eat not, - and, many other things, there are, which they have accepted to hold fast - immersions of cups and measures and copper vessels - - and so the Pharisees and the Scribes, question, him - For what cause do thy disciples not walk according to the tradition of the elders, but, with defiled hands, eat bread? read more. But, he, said unto them - Well, prophesied Isaiah concerning you, ye hypocrites, as it is written - This people, with the lips do honour me, while, their heart, far off, holdeth from me, - But, in vain, do they pay devotions unto me, teaching for teachings, the commandments of men; Having, dismissed, the commandment, of God, ye, hold fast, the tradition, of men. And he was saying to them - Well, do ye set aside the commandment of God, that, your own tradition, ye may observe; For, Moses, said - Honour thy father and thy mother, and - He that revileth father or mother, let him, surely die, - But, ye, say - If a man shall say to his father or his mother, Korban! that is, A gift, whatsoever, out of me, thou mightest be profited, no longer, do ye suffer him to do, aught, for his father or his mother, - cancelling the word of God by your tradition which ye have delivered. And, many such similar things, are ye doing!
And first seats in the synagogues, and first couches in the chief meals, -
and standing behind, near his feet, weeping, with the tears, began she to be wetting his feet, and, with the hair of her head, was wiping off the tears , and was tenderly kissing his feet, and anointing them with the perfume. But the Pharisee who had invited him, seeing it, spake within himself, saying, This one, if he were the prophet, would have been taking note, who and of what sort, is the woman, who is even touching him, that she is, a sinner. read more. And, making answer, Jesus said unto him - Simon! I have, unto thee, something to say. He, then - Teacher, speak! - saith he. Two debtors, there were, to a certain creditor, - the one, owed five hundred denaries, and, the other, fifty. they not having wherewith to pay, he forgave, both. Which of them, therefore, will love him, more? Making answer, Simon said - I suppose, that he to whom, the more, he forgave. And, he, said unto him - Rightly, hast thou judged. And, turning towards the woman, unto Simon, he said - Seest thou this woman? I entered into thy house: water to me, on my feet, thou didst not give, - but, she, with her tears, hath wetted my feet, and, with her hair, wiped off the tears . A kiss, to me, thou didst not give, - but, she, from the time I came in, hath not ceased tenderly kissing my feet.
But, Martha, was distracted about much ministering, and, coming near, said - Lord! carest thou not that, my sister, hath left me to be ministering, alone? Speak to her, then, that she help me.
Whensoever thou hast been invited by anyone unto a marriage feast, do not recline on the first couch; lest once, a more honourable than thou, have been invited by him,
Moreover he went on to say, unto him also who had invited him, - Whensoever thou mayest be making a dinner or a supper, do not call thy friends, or thy brothers, or thy kinsfolk, or rich neighbours, - lest once, they also, invite thee in return, and it become a recompense unto thee.
Moreover he went on to say, unto him also who had invited him, - Whensoever thou mayest be making a dinner or a supper, do not call thy friends, or thy brothers, or thy kinsfolk, or rich neighbours, - lest once, they also, invite thee in return, and it become a recompense unto thee. But, whensoever, an entertainment, thou mayest be making, invite the destitute, the tried, the lame, the blind;
And he saith unto them - Draw out now, and be bearing unto the master of the feast. And they bare.
Jesus therefore took the loaves, and, giving thanks, went on distributing unto them that reclined; in like manner, of the small fishes also: as much as they were wishing.
So they made for him a supper, there; and, Martha, was ministering, but, Lazarus, was one of them who were reclining with him.
Not, concerning you all, am I speaking, - for, I, know of whom I made choice; but -- that, the Scripture, might be fulfilled: He that feedeth on my bread, hath lifted up against me, his heel.
One of Jesus' disciples was reclining in his bosom, one whom Jesus loved: so Simon Peter beckoneth unto the same, and saith unto him - Say, Who is it? concerning whom he speaketh. read more. He, falling back thus, upon the breast of Jesus, saith unto him - Lord! who is it? Jesus, therefore, answereth - That one, it is, for whom, I, shall dip the morsel, and give unto him. So, dipping the morsel, he taketh and giveth it unto Judas, son of Simon Iscariot.
And, having said these things, and taken a loaf, he gave thanks unto God before all, and, breaking it, began to eat.
As in daytime, becomingly let us walk: not in revellings and in drunken bouts, not in chamberings and in wanton deeds, not in strife and envy; -
envyings, drunkenness, revellings; - and such things as these: as to which I forewarn you, even as I have forewarned you, - that, they who such things as these do practise, shall not inherit, God's kingdom.
And be not getting drunk with wine, in which is dissoluteness, but be getting filled in Spirit; -
Forbidding to marry, commanding to abstain from foods which, God, created to be received with thanksgiving by them who believe and personally know the truth; Because, every creature of God, is good, and nothing to be cast away, if, with thanksgiving, it be received, -
Hastings
In the art. Food attention was confined to the various articles of diet supplied by the vegetable and animal kingdoms. It now remains to study the methods by which these were prepared for the table, the times at which, and the manner in which, they were served.
1. Preparation of food.
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So Abraham hastened towards the tent unto Sarah, - and said, Hasten thou three measures of fine meal, knead it, and make hearth-cakes.
And Jacob had boiled pottage, - when Esau came in from the field, he, being famished.
And Jacob had boiled pottage, - when Esau came in from the field, he, being famished.
Go, I pray thee, unto the flock, and fetch me from thence two kids of the goats, fine ones, - that I may make of them dainty meats for thy father such as he loveth:
And when they had sat down to eat bread, they lifted up their eyes and looked, and lo! a caravan of Ishmaelites, coming in from Gilead, - and, their camels, were bearing tragacanth gum, and balsam and cistus-gum, they were going their way, to take them down to Egypt.
And he sent portions from before him unto them, and the portion of Benjamin exceeded the portions of them all, five-fold. And they drank and made merry with him.
Do not eat of it underdone, nor cooked by boiling in water, - but roast with fire, its head with it, legs, and with its inward parts.
And the house of Israel called the name thereof Manna, - and the same, was like coriander seed white, and the taste thereof, like flat-cake with honey,
and bread unleavened and cakes unleavened with oil poured over, and wafers unleavened anointed with oil, - of fine wheaten meal, shalt thou make them;
and one round-cake of bread, and one cake of oiled bread, and one wafer, - out of the basket of unleavened cakes, which is before Yahweh;
And, the ram of installation, shalt thou take, - and shalt boil its flesh, in a holy place;
Moreover, when thou wouldst bring near as an oblation of a meal-offering, something baked in an oven, round unleavened cakes of fine meal, overflowed with oil, shall it be , or unleavened wafers anointed with oil.
But, the earthen vessel wherein it is boiled, shall be broken, - or, if, in a vessel of bronze, it hath been boiled, then shall the vessel be scoured and rinsed in water.
And Moses said unto Aaron and unto his sons Boil ye the flesh, at the entrance of the tent of meeting, and there, shall ye eat it, and the bread which is in the basket of installation, - as I have been commanded, saying, Aaron and his sons, shall eat it.
The people used to go about and pick it up, and grind it with a pair of mill-stones, or pound it in a mortar, and boil it in a pot, and make it into round cakes, - then was the taste thereof like the taste of a sweet cake made with oil.
So, Gideon, went in, and made ready a kid of the goats, and, of an ephah of meal, unleavened cakes, the flesh, he put in a basket, and, the broth, he put in a pot, - and brought them forth unto him, under the oak, and presented them.
And Samson said unto them, I pray you let me put you forth a riddle, - if ye, tell, it me, within the seven days of the banquet, and find it out, then will I give you thirty linen wraps and thirty changes of raiment;
And Boaz said to her at mealtime - Draw nigh hither, and eat of the bread, and dip thy morsel in the vinegar. So she sat beside the reapers, and there was reached to her parched corn, and she did eat and was satisfied, and left thereof remaining.
And Boaz said to her at mealtime - Draw nigh hither, and eat of the bread, and dip thy morsel in the vinegar. So she sat beside the reapers, and there was reached to her parched corn, and she did eat and was satisfied, and left thereof remaining.
And, when the day came for Elkanah to sacrifice, he used to give, to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and her daughters, portions;
And, the custom of the priests with the people, was - when any man offered a sacrifice, then would come the priests young man, as the flesh was boiling, with a three-pronged fork in his hand;
And, the custom of the priests with the people, was - when any man offered a sacrifice, then would come the priests young man, as the flesh was boiling, with a three-pronged fork in his hand;
And, your daughters, will he take, - as perfumers and as cooks, and as bakers;
As ye enter the city, so, shall ye surely find him, ere yet he shall go up to the high place to eat, for the people will not eat until he hath come, for, he, doth bless the sacrifice, after that, will they eat who have been bidden. Now, therefore, go up, for, about this very time, shall ye surely find him.
And Samuel said to the cook, Set on the portion that I gave thee, - of which I said unto thee, Put it by thee.
And Samuel said to the cook, Set on the portion that I gave thee, - of which I said unto thee, Put it by thee.
yea the king sat down on his seat, as at other times, by the seat against the wall, and, when Jonathan arose, Abner seated himself by the side of Saul, - but David's place was empty.
and the food of his table, and the seated assembly of his servants, and the attendance of his ministers with their apparel, and his cupbearers, and his ascent by which he ascended unto the house of Yahweh, there was in her no more spirit.
and the food of his table, and the seated assembly of his servants, and the attendance of his ministers with their apparel, and his cupbearers, and his ascent by which he ascended unto the house of Yahweh, there was in her no more spirit.
And so it was, as, they, were sitting at the table, yea, so it was, that the word of Yahweh came unto the prophet who had brought him back;
And she said - By the life of Yahweh, thy God, verily I have not a cake, only a handful of meal in the jar, and a little oil in the cruse, - and lo! I have been gathering a couple of sticks, so I shall go in and make it ready for me and for my son, that we may eat it - and die!
So he arose, and did eat and drink, - and journeyed, in the strength of that eating, forty days and forty nights, as far as the mountain of God - Horeb.
Now, Elisha, returned to Gilgal, and there was, a famine, in the land, and, the sons of the prophets, being seated before him, he said to his young man - Put on the large pot, and boil a mess of food, for the sons of the prophets.
that, when these days were fulfilled, the king made - for all the people that were present in Shusan the palace, both for great and small - a banquet, seven days, - in the court of the garden of the palace of the king:
Doth the wild ass bray over grass? Or loweth the ox over his fodder?
Thou spreadest before me a table, in face of mine adversaries, Thou hast anointed, with oil, my head, My cup, hath run over.
A sluggard burieth his hand in the dish, even unto his own mouth, will he not bring it back.
When thou sittest to eat with a ruler, thou shall consider well, what is before thee;
The sluggard burieth his hand in the dish, he is too lazy to bring it back to his mouth.
Continually, let thy garments be white, - and, ointment upon thy bead, let it not be lacking.
Alas! for thee, O land, when thy king is a boy, - and, thy rulers, in the morning, do eat:
and I set before the sons of the house of the Rechabites bowls full of wine, and cups, - and said unto them Drink ye wine.
Thus wast thou adorned with gold and silver, And thy raiment was of fine linen and silk and embroidered work, Fine flour and honey and oil, didst thou eat, - And so thou becamest exceedingly beautiful, And didst attain unto royalty.
And my food which I had given thee, Fine flour and ell and honey wherewith I fed thee, And didst set it before them for a satisfying odour Yea so it was, - Saith My Lord Yahweh.
Then satest thou upon a glorious couch With a table prepared before it, - And mine incense and mine oil, didst thou set thereon.
Put thou forth therefore, against the perverse house a parable, and say unto them Thus saith My Lord, Yahweh: Sot on the caldron set it on, Moreover also pour into it water:
And he said unto me, - they, are the places of them who boil, where they who wait upon the house shall be the sacrifice of the people.
Thus, saith Yahweh, Just as a shepherd rescueth, out of the mouth of the lion, a couple of shankbones, or the tip of an ear, so, shall be rescued the sons of Israel, who are tarrying in Samaria, in the corner of the divan, and on the damask of the luxurious couch.
Who are lying on beds of ivory, and sprawling on their couch of pleasure, - and eating the well-fed of the flock, and the fatted calves out of the midst of the stalls:
But, in very deed, I, am full of vigour, with the spirit of Yahweh, and of justice and of valour, - to declare to Jacob, his transgression, and to Israel, his sin.
and, she, being led on by her mother, - Give me (saith she) here, upon a charger, the head of John the Immerser.
And his head was brought upon a charger, and given unto the maiden, and she brought it to her mother.
he took the seven loaves, and the fishes, and, giving thanks, brake, - and began giving to his disciples, and, the disciples, to the multitudes.
And sent his servants, to call the invited into the marriage-feast, - and they would not come. Again, sent he other servants, saying - Say to the invited, Lo! my dinner, have I prepared, mine oxen and my fatlings, are slain, - and, all things, are, ready: Come ye into the marriage-feast.
Again, sent he other servants, saying - Say to the invited, Lo! my dinner, have I prepared, mine oxen and my fatlings, are slain, - and, all things, are, ready: Come ye into the marriage-feast.
But the king, entering to view the guests, saw there a man, who had not put on a wedding-garment, -
And dearly love the first couch in the chief meals, and the first seats in the synagogues,
And, he, answering, said - He who hath dipped with me his hand in the bowl, the same, will deliver me up.
And, he, answering, said - He who hath dipped with me his hand in the bowl, the same, will deliver me up.
And Judas, who was delivering him up, answering, said - Can it be, I, Rabbi? He saith unto him - Thou, hast said.
and, coming near, he raised her up, grasping her hand, - and the fever left her, and she began ministering unto them.
For, the Pharisees, and all the Jews, unless with care they wash their hands, eat not, holding fast the tradition of the elders;
And, he, said unto them - One of the twelve, he that is dipping with me into the onebowl:
and standing behind, near his feet, weeping, with the tears, began she to be wetting his feet, and, with the hair of her head, was wiping off the tears , and was tenderly kissing his feet, and anointing them with the perfume.
And, turning towards the woman, unto Simon, he said - Seest thou this woman? I entered into thy house: water to me, on my feet, thou didst not give, - but, she, with her tears, hath wetted my feet, and, with her hair, wiped off the tears . A kiss, to me, thou didst not give, - but, she, from the time I came in, hath not ceased tenderly kissing my feet.
But, Martha, was distracted about much ministering, and, coming near, said - Lord! carest thou not that, my sister, hath left me to be ministering, alone? Speak to her, then, that she help me.
And, the Pharisee, beholding, marvelled that he was not, first, immersed, before the dinner. And the Lord said unto him: Now, ye, the Pharisees, the outside of the cup and of the tray, do make pure; but, your inward part, is full of plunder and wickedness.
and he sent out his servant, at the hour of the supper, to say unto the invited - Be coming! because, even now, is it, ready.
and he sent out his servant, at the hour of the supper, to say unto the invited - Be coming! because, even now, is it, ready.
But his elder son was in a field; and, as, in coming, he drew near unto the house, he heard music and dancing, -
But, who from among you, having, a servant, plowing or keeping sheep, when he hath come in out of the field, will say to him - Straightway, come, and recline; -
His mother saith unto them who are ministering - Whatsoever he may say to you, do! Now there were there, six stone water-vessels, placed, according to the purification of the Jews; holding each, two or three measures.
And he saith unto them - Draw out now, and be bearing unto the master of the feast. And they bare. And, when the master of the feast had tasted the water, now made, wine, and knew not whence it was, - though, they who were ministering, knew, even they who had drawn out the water, the master accosteth the bridegroom,
One of Jesus' disciples was reclining in his bosom, one whom Jesus loved:
Jesus, therefore, answereth - That one, it is, for whom, I, shall dip the morsel, and give unto him. So, dipping the morsel, he taketh and giveth it unto Judas, son of Simon Iscariot.
Jesus saith unto them - Come! break your fast. Not one, of the disciples was venturing to ask him, Who art, thou? knowing that it was, the Lord. Jesus cometh, and taketh the bread, and giveth unto them; and the fish, in like manner.
When, therefore, they had broken their fast, Jesus saith unto Simon Peter - Simon, son of John! lovest thou me more than these? He saith unto him - Yea, Lord! thou, knowest that I am fond of thee, he saith unto him - Be feeding my lambs.
And, having said these things, and taken a loaf, he gave thanks unto God before all, and, breaking it, began to eat.
Smith
Meals.
Our information on the subject of meals is but scanty. The early Hebrews do not seem to have given special names to their several meals, for the terms rendered "dine" and "dinner" in the Authorized Version (
) are in reality general expressions, which might more correctly be rendered "eat" and "portion of food." In the New Testament "dinner" and "supper,"
Lu 14:12; Joh 21:12
are more properly "breakfast" and "dinner." There is some uncertainty as to the hours at which meals were taken; the Egyptians undoubtedly took their principal mean at noon,
laborers took a light meal at that time.
comp. ver. Ruth 2:17 The Jews rather followed the custom that prevails among the Bedouins, and made their principal meal after sunset, and a lighter meal at about 9 or 10 A.M. The old Hebrews were in the habit of sitting.
Ge 27:19; Jg 19:6; 1Sa 20:5,24; 1Ki 13:20
The table was in this case but slightly elevated above the ground, as is still the case in Egypt. As luxury increased, the practice of sitting was exchanged for that of reclining was the universal custom. As several guests reclined on the same couch, each overlapped his neighbor, as it were, and rested his head on or near the breast of the one who lay behind him; he was then said to "lean on the bosom" of his neighbor.
Joh 13:23; 21:20
The ordinary arrangement of the couches was in three sides of a square, the fourth being left open for the servants to bring up the dishes. Some doubt attends the question whether the females took their meals along with the males. Before commencing the meal the guests washed their hands. This custom was founded on natural decorum: not only was the hand the substitute for our knife and for, but the hands of all the guests were dipped into one and the same dish. Another preliminary step was the grace or blessing, of which we have but one instance in the Old Testament --
--and more than one pronounced by our Lord himself in the new Testament --Matt 15:36; Luke 9:16; John 6:11 The mode of taking the food differed in no material point from the modern usages of the East. Generally there was a single dish, into which each gue
Occasionally separate portions were served out to each.
A piece of bread was held between the thumb and two fingers of the right hand, and was dipped either into a bowl of melted grease (in which case it was termed "a sop,")
Joh 13:26
or into the dish of meat, whence a piece was conveyed to the mouth between the layers of bread. At the conclusion of the meal, grace was again said in conformity with
De 8:10
and the hands were again washed. On state occasions more ceremony was used, and the meal was enlivened in various ways. A sumptuous repast was prepared; the guests were previously invited,
and on the day of the feast a second invitation was issued to those that were bidden.
The visitors were received with a kiss,
Lu 7:45
water was furnished for them to wash their feet with,
Lu 7:44
the head, the beard, the feet, and sometimes the clothes, were perfumed with ointment,
Ps 23:5; Joh 12:3
on special occasions robes were provided,
and the head was decorated with wreaths.
The regulation of the feast was under the superintendence of a special officer,
Joh 2:8
(Authorized Version "governor of the feast"), whose business it was to taste the food and the liquors before they were placed on the table, and to settle about the toasts and amusements; he was generally one of the guests, Ecclus. 32:1,2, and might therefore take part in the conversation. The places of the guests were settled according to their respective rand,
portions of food were placed before each,
the most honored guests receiving either larger,
or more choice,
portions than the rest. The meal was enlivened with music, singing and dancing,
or with riddles,
and amid these entertainments the festival was prolonged for several days.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And Jacob said unto his father I, am Esau thy firstborn, I have made ready, as thou didst bid me. Rise, I pray thee, sit up, and eat thou of my game, To the end thy soul may bless me.
And Joseph saw - with them - Benjamin, so he said to him that was over his house Bring the men into the house, - and slay meat and make ready, for with me, shall the men eat at noon.
And Joseph saw - with them - Benjamin, so he said to him that was over his house Bring the men into the house, - and slay meat and make ready, for with me, shall the men eat at noon.
So they took their seats before him, the firstborn, according to his birthright and the youngest, according to his youth, - and the men looked with amazement, each one at his companion. And he sent portions from before him unto them, and the portion of Benjamin exceeded the portions of them all, five-fold. And they drank and made merry with him.
And he sent portions from before him unto them, and the portion of Benjamin exceeded the portions of them all, five-fold. And they drank and made merry with him.
So then thou shalt eat and be satisfied, - and bless Yahweh thy God, for the good land which he hath given unto thee.
And Samson said unto them, I pray you let me put you forth a riddle, - if ye, tell, it me, within the seven days of the banquet, and find it out, then will I give you thirty linen wraps and thirty changes of raiment;
So they both of them sat down and did eat together, and drink. Then said the father of the damsel unto the man, Be content, I pray thee, and tarry the night, and let thy heart be glad.
And Boaz said to her at mealtime - Draw nigh hither, and eat of the bread, and dip thy morsel in the vinegar. So she sat beside the reapers, and there was reached to her parched corn, and she did eat and was satisfied, and left thereof remaining.
And Boaz said to her at mealtime - Draw nigh hither, and eat of the bread, and dip thy morsel in the vinegar. So she sat beside the reapers, and there was reached to her parched corn, and she did eat and was satisfied, and left thereof remaining.
And, when the day came for Elkanah to sacrifice, he used to give, to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and her daughters, portions;
As ye enter the city, so, shall ye surely find him, ere yet he shall go up to the high place to eat, for the people will not eat until he hath come, for, he, doth bless the sacrifice, after that, will they eat who have been bidden. Now, therefore, go up, for, about this very time, shall ye surely find him.
And the cook took up the shoulder, and that which was upon it, and placed it before Saul, and said - Lo! the part reserved! Set it before thee and eat, for, unto the time appointed, hath it been kept for thee, since the time that I said, The people, have I bidden. So Saul did eat with Samuel, on that day.
Eighty years old, am I to-day - could I discern between good and bad? or could thy servant taste what I might eat, and what I might drink? or could I hearken any more to the voice of singing men and singing women? Wherefore, then, should thy servant yet be a burden unto my lord the king?
in the third year of his reign, he made a banquet unto all his rulers, and his servants, - the power of Persia and Media, the nobles and the rulers being before him; when he showed the riches of the glory of his kingdom, and the splendour of his excellent majesty, many days, a hundred and eighty days;
If I have found favour in the eyes of the king, and if, unto the king, it seem good, to grant my petition, and to perform my request, let the king with Haman come in unto the banquet which I will prepare for them, and, to-morrow, I will do according to the word of the king.
While yet they were speaking with him, the eunuchs of the king, had come, - and they hastened to bring Haman, unto the banquet which Esther had prepared.
Thou spreadest before me a table, in face of mine adversaries, Thou hast anointed, with oil, my head, My cup, hath run over.
hath sent forth her maidens, She crieth aloud, upon the tops of the heights of the city:
Better is an allowance of herbs, and love, there, than a fatted ox, and hatred therewith.
Alas! for the proud crown of the drunkards of Ephraim, And for his fading wreath of majestic beauty, - Which is on the head of the fertile valley, of them who are overcome with wine.
And sent his servants, to call the invited into the marriage-feast, - and they would not come. Again, sent he other servants, saying - Say to the invited, Lo! my dinner, have I prepared, mine oxen and my fatlings, are slain, - and, all things, are, ready: Come ye into the marriage-feast.
But the king, entering to view the guests, saw there a man, who had not put on a wedding-garment, -
And, he, answering, said - He who hath dipped with me his hand in the bowl, the same, will deliver me up.
And first seats in the synagogues, and first couches in the chief meals, -
And, turning towards the woman, unto Simon, he said - Seest thou this woman? I entered into thy house: water to me, on my feet, thou didst not give, - but, she, with her tears, hath wetted my feet, and, with her hair, wiped off the tears . A kiss, to me, thou didst not give, - but, she, from the time I came in, hath not ceased tenderly kissing my feet.
Moreover he went on to say, unto him also who had invited him, - Whensoever thou mayest be making a dinner or a supper, do not call thy friends, or thy brothers, or thy kinsfolk, or rich neighbours, - lest once, they also, invite thee in return, and it become a recompense unto thee.
And he saith unto them - Draw out now, and be bearing unto the master of the feast. And they bare.
Mary, therefore, taking a pound of pure nard perfume, very precious, anointed the feet of Jesus, and wiped, with her hair, his feet; and, the house, was filled with the fragrance of the perfume.
One of Jesus' disciples was reclining in his bosom, one whom Jesus loved:
Jesus, therefore, answereth - That one, it is, for whom, I, shall dip the morsel, and give unto him. So, dipping the morsel, he taketh and giveth it unto Judas, son of Simon Iscariot.
Jesus saith unto them - Come! break your fast. Not one, of the disciples was venturing to ask him, Who art, thou? knowing that it was, the Lord.
Peter, turning about, beholdeth the disciple whom Jesus loved, following, - who also reclined during the supper upon his breast, and said - Lord, who is it that is delivering thee up?