Reference: Law
Hastings
1. That the 'law was given by Moses' (Joh 1:17) represents the unanimous belief both of the early Christians and of the Chosen Nation. He was their first as well as their greatest law-giver; and in this matter religious tradition is supported by all the historical probabilities of the case. The Exodus and the subsequent wanderings constitute the formative epoch of Israel's career: it was the period of combination and adjustment between the various tribes towards effecting a national unity. Such periods necessitate social experiments, for no society can hold together without some basis of permanent security; no nation could be welded together, least of all a nation in ancient times, without some strong sense of corporate responsibilities and corporate religion. It therefore naturally devolved upon Moses to establish a central authority for the administration of justice, which should be universally accessible and universally recognized. There was only one method by which any such universal recognition could be attained; and that was by placing the legal and judicial system upon the basis of an appeal to that religion, which had already been successful in rousing the twelve tribes to a sense of their unity, and which, moreover, was the one force which could and did effectually prevent the disintegration of the heterogeneous elements of which the nation was composed.
2. We see the beginning and character of these legislative functions in Ex 18:16, where Moses explains how 'the people come unto me to inquire of God: when they have a matter they come unto me; and I judge between a man and his neighbour, and make them know the statutes of God, and his laws (t
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They bring their complaints to me. I make decisions on the basis of God's laws.
Jehovah commanded Moses to tell the Israelites: You have seen how I have spoken to you from heaven.
He must stand beside either the door or the doorpost at the place of worship. His owner will punch a small hole through one of his ears with a sharp metal rod. This makes him a slave for life.
Someone gives his neighbor silver or other valuables to keep for him. They are stolen from that person's house. If the thief is caught, he must make up for the loss with double the amount.
Do not allow them to live in your land for they will make you sin against me. If you serve their gods it will be a snare to you.
Listen, Israel! JEHOVAH OUR GOD IS ONE GOD! You must love Jehovah your God with all your heart and with your entire mind and with all your strength.
The king of Jericho sent for Rahab, saying: Bring the men that came to you and stayed at your house. They came to spy on all the country.
If one man sins against another, God will judge him. But if a man sins against Jehovah, who will intercede for him? But his sons did not listen to the voice of their father. Jehovah desired to put them to death.
Thus says Jehovah of Hosts, the God of Israel: Add your burnt offerings to your sacrifices and eat flesh. For I did not speak to your fathers, or command them in the day that I brought them out of the land of Egypt, concerning burnt offerings and sacrifices.
The time is coming, proclaims Jehovah, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah. It will not be like the promise that I made to their ancestors when I took them by the hand and brought them out of Egypt. They rejected that promise, although I was a husband to them, says Jehovah. read more. This is the covenant (agreement) that I will make with Israel after those days, declares Jehovah. I will put my teachings (Law) inside them. I will write those teachings (Law) on their hearts (inner man) (mind) (will) (conscience) (understanding). I will be their God, and they will be my people. No longer will each person teach his neighbors or his relatives by saying: 'Know Jehovah.' All of them, from the least important to the most important, will know me, declares Jehovah. I will forgive their wickedness and I will no longer hold (remember) their sins against them.
The city will measure about thirty-one thousand five hundred feet all the way around. From then on the city's name will be: Jehovah Is There.
I have written many rules for them in my Law, but they consider these things strange and foreign.
Justice should roll down as waters and righteousness as a mighty stream. Did you bring sacrifices and offerings to me in the wilderness for forty years, O house of Israel? read more. You have carried the tabernacle of your king and the shrine of your images, the star of your god, which you made for yourselves.
Jesus answered emphatically: This is the proper way to do everything that God requires. This is the way it must be!
Do not think I came to destroy the Law or the Prophets. I came, not to destroy, but to fulfill (perfect) (execute) (accomplish).
Do not think I came to destroy the Law or the Prophets. I came, not to destroy, but to fulfill (perfect) (execute) (accomplish). I solemnly tell you, heaven and earth would pass away before one small letter (detail) will pass away from the Law. All things must be accomplished.
I solemnly tell you, heaven and earth would pass away before one small letter (detail) will pass away from the Law. All things must be accomplished.
I solemnly tell you, heaven and earth would pass away before one small letter (detail) will pass away from the Law. All things must be accomplished. Whoever disobeys even the least of the commandments and teaches others to do the same, will be called least in the kingdom of heaven. On the other hand whoever obeys and teaches others to obey the Law will be called great in the kingdom of heaven. read more. I also tell you, your righteousness must be greater than the scribes and Pharisees or you will not enter into the kingdom of heaven. You were told in the past, do not murder (kill). Any one who murders will be brought to trial. Now I tell you that everyone who is angry with his brother [without cause] shall be guilty before the court. Whoever speaks to his brother with words of contempt shall receive condemnation before the Sanhedrin [Supreme Court]. Curse your brother and you will be guilty enough to be destroyed by fire, with the burning trash, at the Valley of Hinnom, outside of Jerusalem (Greek: Gehenna). When making an offering at the altar and you remember your brother has something against you, leave your gift at the altar and go make peace with your brother. Then return and make your offering. Come to an agreement quickly with the one who has a legal case against you. Do it before he turns the case over to the judge and you are thrown into jail. Take it from me; you will stay in jail until you pay the very last penny of your fine. You have heard it was said, 'You should not commit adultery.' However, I tell you that whoever looks at a woman with lustful thoughts commits adultery with her in his heart. If your right eye causes you to sin, take it out and throw it away! It is better to lose a part of your body then to have your whole body destroyed in the ever-burning fires of the Valley of Hinnom. If your right hand causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away. It is better to lose part of your body, than for your whole body to be destroyed in the ever-burning fire. (Figuratively: lose prospect for everlasting life; ever-burning fire means total destruction.) Again, it was said, 'Whoever gets rid of his wife has to give her a certificate of divorce.' I say to you that everyone divorcing his wife, except for the reason of fornication, makes her liable to commit adultery. And if she marries again, the man she marries also commits adultery. You were also told that you should keep a promise (oath). Always keep your promises (vows) to Jehovah. I tell you, offer no promises at all, not by heaven, because it is God's throne. Not by earth, for it is the footstool under His feet. Not by Jerusalem, for it is the city of the great King. And do not promise by your head, for you cannot even control the hair on your head. Let your answer be 'Yes' or 'No.' Anything more than this is from the evil one. You have heard it said, an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. But I tell you, do not resist a wicked person. If someone strikes you on the right cheek, turn the other to that person. If someone takes you to court to sue you and takes your shirt, let him have your coat as well. Whoever makes you go one mile, go with him two. Give to those who ask. Lend to those who borrow. You have heard it said, 'You should love your neighbor and hate your enemy.' (Leviticus 19:18) I say love your enemies! Pray for those who persecute you! You will then act as true children of your Father in heaven. He gives sunlight to both evil and good people. He sends rain for the just and the unjust. What good is there, when you love only those who love you? Even [corrupt] tax collectors do that! When you are kind only to your friends [and brothers] what makes you different from anyone else? Even people of the nations do that. Be perfect (mature), even as your Father in heaven is perfect (mature). (Leviticus 19:2)
When Jesus had finished these words, the crowds were astonished at what he taught.
Jesus told him not to tell anyone. Show yourself to the priests and offer the gift that Moses commanded, for a testimony to them.
Have you read the law that on the Sabbath day the priests in the Temple profane the Sabbath, and are guiltless? I say to you, one greater than the Temple is here.
He said to them: Which of you having one sheep, if this sheep fell into a pit on the Sabbath day, will not get it and lift it out.
But if I cast out demons by God's Spirit, then the kingdom of God has come to you. How can one enter into the house of a strong man and steal his things, except he first tie up the strong man? Then he can rob his house. read more. He that is not with me is against me. And he that does not gather with me, scatters.
The queen of the south will rise up in the judgment with this generation, and condemn it. She came from the ends of the earth to hear the Wisdom of Solomon. Someone greater than Solomon is here!
He answered: I was sent only to the wandering sheep of the house of Israel.
We will not cause them trouble. Go to the sea, and let down a hook, and take the first fish you catch. You will see money (a stater coin) in its mouth. Give it to them for me and for you.
Pharisees came to him. They tested him, asking: Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife for any reason? He answered: Have you not read, that he who made them from the beginning made them male and female? read more. For this reason, a man shall leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife. The two shall become one flesh. So they are no longer two, but one flesh. What God has joined together, let no man pull apart (separate)! They asked him: Why then did Moses command to give a certificate of divorce, to send her away? He answered: Moses allowed you to send your wives away because of your hardness of heart. It was not allowed from the beginning. I tell you, whoever divorces his wife, except for fornication, and marries another, commits adultery. And he who marries her when she is divorced, commits adultery.
The Son of man came not to be ministered to, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom in payment for many.
The Pharisees assembled together when they heard that he had put the Sadducees to silence. One of them, a lawyer, tested him by asking a question. read more. Teacher what is the greatest commandment in the law? Jesus told him: You shall love Jehovah your God with all your heart (Greek: kardia: feelings, emotions), and with all your being, and with your entire mind (Greek: dianoia: understanding). (Deuteronomy 6:5) This is the greatest and first commandment. The second like it is this: 'You shall love your neighbor as yourself.' The law and the prophets are based on these two commandments.
This is (represents) (means) (exemplifies) my blood of the covenant, poured out for many for forgiveness of sins.
Jesus went through the grain fields on the Sabbath day. While they walked his disciples took the heads of grain. The Pharisees said: Why are they doing what it is not right to do on the Sabbath? read more. He said: Do you not know of what David did when he needed food for himself and his companions? He went into the house of God when Abiathar was high priest. David took the holy bread for food and gave to his companions. Only the priests may take the holy bread. The Sabbath was made for man, said Jesus, and not man for the Sabbath.
The Sabbath was made for man, said Jesus, and not man for the Sabbath. The Son of man is lord even of the Sabbath.
They watched to see if he would heal him on the Sabbath day. Then they might have something against him.
They worship me in vain teaching as doctrines the commands of men.' Speaking to the Pharisees and scribes He said: You abandon the commandment of God, and hold fast the tradition of men. read more. You totally reject the commandment of God that you may keep your tradition. Moses said: 'Honor your father and your mother. He also said: 'He that speaks evil of father or mother must die.' But you say: 'If a man says to his father or his mother that which would benefit you is a gift to God, he no longer has to do anything for his father or mother.' You make the word of God invalid by your tradition. He called the crowd again and said: Listen and understand! Nothing that goes into a person from the outside can make him unclean. That which comes from inside of a man can make him unclean. If any man has ears to hear, let him hear. When he entered the house away from the crowd his disciples asked him to explain. He replied: Do you not understand? Do you not know that which goes into the man from the outside cannot defile him? It is because it does not go into his heart, but into his stomach and is eliminated? All foods are clean.
It is because it does not go into his heart, but into his stomach and is eliminated? All foods are clean. That which comes out of the man defiles the man. read more. It is from the heart that evil thoughts come such as: fornications, thefts, murders, adulteries, coveting, wickedness, deceit, loose conduct, envy, slander, pride, and foolishness. All these evil things come from within and defile the man.
But he kept quiet and said nothing. Again the high priest questioned him: Are you the Christ, the son of the Holy One?
After eight days the baby was circumcised. He was called by the name, Jesus. (Jesus: Jehovah is salvation) This was the name given by the angel before he was conceived in the womb.
He was given the book of the prophet Isaiah. He opened the book and found the place where it was written: The Spirit of Jehovah is upon me. He anointed me to preach good news to the poor. He has sent me to proclaim release to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind. To set at liberty those who are bruised. read more. To proclaim the acceptable year of Jehovah. (Isaiah 61:1) He closed the book, gave it back to the attendant and sat down. The eyes of all in the synagogue were fastened on him. Today, he said, you heard this scripture fulfilled.
A lawyer stood up to test him. He asked: Teacher what shall I do to inherit everlasting life? He said: What is written in the law? How do you read it? read more. He answered: Love Jehovah your God with all your heart and with all your life, with all your strength and with all your mind. (Feelings and total existence) (Might and total thinking capacity) And you should love your neighbor as yourself. (Deuteronomy 6:5) (Leviticus 19:18) He told him: You answered correctly, do this and you will live. Desiring to justify himself, he said to Jesus: Who is my neighbor? Jesus answered: A man traveled from Jerusalem to Jericho. He fell among robbers. They stripped him, beat him and left him half dead. A priest traveled on that road. When he saw him he passed by on the other side. When a Levite came to the place he saw the man and passed by on the other side. Then a Samaritan arrived where he was. He was moved with compassion when he saw him. He went to him and bandaged his wounds pouring oil and wine on them. He set him on his own beast and brought him to an inn to take care of him. The next day he paid the host two shillings. He said take care of him and if you spend more I will repay you when I return. Which of these three do you think proved to be a neighbor to the man who fell among the robbers? He said: The one who showed mercy to him. Jesus said to him: Go and you do like wise.
As he spoke a Pharisee invited him to dine with him. He accepted the invitation and went to eat. The Pharisee wondered about Jesus not bathing before dinner. read more. The Lord said: You Pharisees cleanse the outside of the cup and of the platter. Yet your inward part is full of extortion and wickedness. You foolish ones. Did he that made the outside also make the inside? Give that which is within as charity. Then all things are clean for you.
Here is a descendant of Abraham whom Satan has kept in bonds for eighteen years. Should she be released on the Sabbath? His answer shamed his enemies. The people rejoiced over the wonderful things he did.
The Law of Moses and the writings of the prophets was in effect until John the Baptist. From that time on the Good News about the Kingdom of God is being taught.
I tell you that which is written must be fulfilled in me. He was numbered with transgressors for that which concerns me has fulfillment.
He explained to them all the Scriptures about the things concerning him. He spoke about Moses and all the prophets.
The law came through Moses. Loving-kindness and truth came through Jesus Christ.
The law came through Moses. Loving-kindness and truth came through Jesus Christ.
As Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, so the Son of man must also be lifted up.
Immediately the man was made whole. He picked up his bed and walked. It happened on the Sabbath day. So the Jews told the man who was cured: It is not lawful for you to pickup your bed for it is the Sabbath. read more. He answered: He who made me whole told me to pick up my bed and walk. Who is the man, they asked, that said to you pick up your bed and walk? He did not know who healed him for Jesus quietly left the crowd. Later Jesus found him in the temple and told him: Now that you are healed do not sin anymore and avoid worse things happening to you. The man went away and told the Jews Jesus made him whole. The Jews persecuted Jesus because he did these things on the Sabbath. Jesus responded to them: My Father works until now and I work. The Jews intensified their efforts to kill him for these reasons: he broke the Sabbath and he also called God his own Father, making himself equal with God. Jesus answered them: Truly I tell you the Son can do nothing by himself. He sees the Father do something and then he does it. Whatever the Father does the Son does in like manner. The Father loves the Son. He shows him all of the things he does. He will show him greater works than these. And you will marvel.
It is written in the prophets: Jehovah shall teach them all. Every one who hears the Father and has learned comes to me. (Jeremiah 31:34)
I am the living bread that came down out of heaven. If any man eats of this bread he will live forever. Yes and the bread that I will give is my flesh for the life of the world.
Are you greater than our father Abraham? He died! The prophets also died. Who do you make yourself out to be?
Some of the Pharisees said: This man is not from God, because he does not keep the Sabbath. Others said: How could a man that is a sinner perform such signs? There was division among them.
So they called the man that was blind a second time, and said to him: Give glory to God. We know that this man is a sinner.
Jesus said: Is it not written in your law, I said, you are 'god-like ones'?
Caiaphas the high priest that year said to them: You know nothing at all.
Truly I tell you unless a grain of wheat falls to the earth and dies, it remains alone; but if it dies it bears much fruit.
The crowd answered him: We have heard from the law that the Christ lives forever. Why do you say the Son of man must be lifted up? Who is this Son of man?
This took place that the word written in the Law may be fulfilled: They hated me without a cause.
The Jews answered him: We have a law, and by that law he ought to die, because he made himself the Son of God.
You should know, men and brothers that it is through this man Jesus the forgiveness of sins is proclaimed to you.
What shall we say about Abraham, our forefather according to the flesh? If Abraham was declared righteous by works, he could boast, but not to God. read more. For what does the scriptures say? Abraham believed Jehovah, and it was counted to him as righteousness. (Genesis 15:6) The pay is counted to the man who works. It is not as grace but as a debt. He who does not work but believes in him who justifies (absolves) the ungodly, his faith is counted for righteousness.
The law came that the trespass might increase. But where sin increased God's loving kindness increased even more.
What shall we say then? Is the law sin? God forbid! I had not known sin except through the law. For I had not known coveting except the law had said: You should not covet. But sin, finding occasion, worked out in me through the commandment all manner of coveting. Apart from the law sin is dead. read more. I was alive apart from the law once: but when the commandment came, sin revived, and I died. The commandment, which was to life, this I found to be to death. For sin, finding occasion, through the commandment deceived me, and through it killed me. The law is holy, and the commandment holy, and righteous, and good.
The law is holy, and the commandment holy, and righteous, and good. Did that which is good become death to me? God forbid! It was sin, producing death in me through what is good. This way sin might be shown to be sin. Through the commandment sin could be recognized.
Did that which is good become death to me? God forbid! It was sin, producing death in me through what is good. This way sin might be shown to be sin. Through the commandment sin could be recognized. For we know that the law is spiritual. But I am fleshly and sold under sin. read more. I do not understand what I am doing. For what I want to do I do not do. What I hate, I do. But if what I do not want to do, I do, I consent to the law that it is right. Now then it is no longer I that do it, but the sin that dwells in me. I know that good does not live in my human nature. For even though the desire to do good is in me, I am not able to do it. I do not do the good I want to do. Instead, I do the evil that I do not want to do. If I do what I do not want to do, this means that I am no longer the one who does it. Instead, it is the sin that lives in me. I find that this law is at work. When I want to do what is good, what is evil is the only choice I have. My inner person delights in the law of God. However I see a different law at work in my body. This law fights against the law that my mind approves of. It makes me a prisoner to the law of sin that is at work in my body. Miserable man that I am! Who will rescue me from the body undergoing this death?
The law of the Spirit gives us life through (with) (because of) Christ Jesus. It has set me free from the law of sin and death. God did what the Law could not do, because human nature was weak. He sent his own son in the likeness of sinful man to be a sin offering and do away with sin. So he condemned sin in sinful human nature.
But Israel, pursuing after a law of righteousness, has not attained to that law.
They are ignorant of God's righteousness. They seek to establish their own righteousness and have not submitted to the righteousness of God.
To the married I command, yet not I, but the Lord commands do not let the wife depart from her husband.
We have renounced the hidden things of shame. And we do not walk in craftiness and deceit. We do not adulterate the word of God. But by the manifestation of the truth we commend ourselves to every man's conscience in the sight of God.
I, through the law, died to the law that I might live to (for) God.
Is the Law then against the promises of God? God forbid! If a law had been given which could impart life, righteousness would have been from the Law.
The Law was our schoolmaster (Greek: paedagogue: a combination of schoolmaster, instructor, servant and guardian in charge of us) to bring us to Christ, that we might be justified by faith.
But I say that so long as the heir is a child, he does not differ from a bondservant, though he is owner of the estate. He is under guardians and stewards until the day set by the father. read more. When we were children, we too were held in bondage. We were slaves to the arrangement of this world. When the full time came, God sent his Son, born of a woman, born under the law,
When the full time came, God sent his Son, born of a woman, born under the law, that he might redeem those who were under the law, that we might receive the adoption as sons.
Bear one another's burdens, and thereby fulfill the law of Christ.
I want to be united with him. I no longer want a righteousness of my own that is gained by obeying the law. The righteousness from God is by faith in Christ.
I want to be united with him. I no longer want a righteousness of my own that is gained by obeying the law. The righteousness from God is by faith in Christ.
Let no man rob you of your prize by a self-abasement and worshipping of the angels, dwelling in the things that he has seen, vainly puffed up by his fleshly mind,
Indeed Moses was faithful in His house, as a ministering servant, for a testimony of the things to be spoken afterwards.
This is a symbol that points to the present time. It means that the offerings and animal sacrifices presented to God cannot make the worshiper's heart perfect,