Reference: Job
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A patriarch distinguished for his integrity and piety, his wealth, honors, and domestic happiness, whom God permitted, for the trial of his faith, to be deprived of friends, property, and health, and at once plunged into deep affliction. He lived in the land of Uz, lying, it is generally thought, in Eastern Edom, probably not far from Bozrah.
THE BOOK OF JOB, has originated much criticism, and on many points a considerable diversity of opinion still exists. Sceptics have denied its inspiration, and called it a mere philosophical romance; but no one who respects revelation can entertain this notion, or doubt that Job was a real person. Inspired writers testify to both. See Eze 14:14; Jas 5:11, and compare 1Co 3:19 with Job 5:13. The book itself specifies persons, places, and circumstances in the manner of true history. Moreover, the name and history of Job are spread throughout the East; Arabian writers mention him, and many Mohammedan families perpetuate his name. Five different places claim the possession of his tomb.
The precise period of his life cannot be ascertained, yet no doubt can exist as to its patriarchal antiquity. The book seems to allude to the flood, Job 22:15-17, but not to the destruction of Sodom, to the exodus from Egypt, or the giving of the Law. No reference is made to any order of priesthood, Job himself being the priest of his household, like Noah and Abraham. There is allusion to the most ancient form of idolatry, star-worship, and to the earliest mode of writing, Job 19:24. The longevity of Job also places him among the patriarchs. He survived his trial one hundred and forty years, and was an old man before his trial began, for his children were established each at the head of his own household, Job 1:4; 42:16. The period of long lives had not wholly passed away, Job 15:10. Hales places the trial of Job before the birth of Abraham, and Usher, about thirty years before the exodus, B. C. 1521.
As to the authorship of the book, many opinions have been held. It has all the freedom of an original composition, bearing no marks of its being a translation; and if so, it would appear that its author must have been a Hebrew, since it is written in the purest Hebrew. It exhibits, moreover, the most intimate acquaintance with both Egyptian and Arabian scenery, and is in the loftiest style of oriental poetry. All these circumstances are consistent with the views of those who regard Moses as its probable author. It has, however, been ascribed to various other persons. IT presents a beautiful exhibition of patriarchal religion. It teaches the being and perfections of God, his creation of all things, and his universal providence; the apostasy and guilt of evil spirits and of mankind; the mercy of God, on the basis of a sacrifice, and on condition of repentance and faith, Job 33:27-30; 42:6,8; the immortality of the soul, and the resurrection of the body, Job 14:7-15; 19:25-27.
The main problem discussed in Job is the justice of God in suffering the righteous to be afflicted, while the wicked prosper. It is settled, by showing that, while the hand of a just God is manifest in his providential government of human affairs, it is his sovereign right to choose his own time and mode of retribution both to the evil and the good, and to subject the graces of his people to whatever trials he deems best.
The conference of Job and his friends may be divided into three parts. In the first, Eliphaz addresses Job, and Job replies; then Bildad and Job, and Zophar and Job speak, in turn. In the second part, the same order is observed and in the third also, except that after Job's reply to Bildad, the three friends have no more to urge, and instead of Zophar, a fourth friend named Elihu takes up the word; and the whole is concluded by the decision of Jehovah himself. The friends of Job argue that his remarkable afflictions must have been sent in punishment of highly aggravated transgressions, and urge him to confession and repentance. The pious patriarch, conscious of his own integrity and love to God cast down and bewildered by his sore chastisements, and pained by the suspicions of his friends, warmly vindicates his innocence, and shows that the best of men are sometimes the most afflicted; but forgets that his inward sins merit far heavier punishment, and though he still maintains faith in God, yet he charges Him foolishly. Afterwards he humbly confesses his wrong, and is cheered by the returning smile of God, while his uncharitable friends are reproved. The whole book is written in the highest style of Hebrew poetry, except the two introductory chapters and part of the last, which are prose. As a poem, it is full of sublime sentiments and bold and striking images.
The DISEASE of Job is generally supposed to have been the elephantiasis, or black leprosy. The word rendered "boils" does not necessarily mean abscesses, but burning and inflammation; and no known disease better answers to the description given, Job 2:7-8; 7:5,13/type/nsb'>13,13/type/nsb'>13; 19:17; 30:17, than the leprosy referred to above. See LEPER.
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Job's sons used to take turns giving a feast. They invited many others to come, and they always invited their three sisters to join them.
Satan left Jehovah's presence and struck Job with painful boils from the bottom of his feet to the top of his head. Job took a piece of broken pottery to scratch his sores as he sat in the ashes.
He catches the wise with their own craftiness. The plans of schemers are quickly halted.
My skin is clothed with worms and scabs. My flesh breaks open filled with pus.
When I think: 'My bed will comfort me, and I will try to forget my misery with sleep,
When I think: 'My bed will comfort me, and I will try to forget my misery with sleep,
At least there is hope for a tree: If it is cut down, it will sprout again, and its new shoots will not fail. Its roots may grow old in the ground and its stump die in the soil, read more. yet at the scent of water it will bud and put forth growth like a plant. On the other hand man dies and is laid low. He breathes his last and is no more! Just like water that disappears from the sea or a riverbed that becomes parched and dry, so men lie down and do not rise. Until the heavens are no more, men will not awake or be roused from their sleep. If only you would hide me in the grave (Sheol) and conceal me till your anger has passed! If only you would set a time for me and then remember me! If a man dies, will he live again? All the days of my hard service I will wait for my change (release) to come. You will call and I will answer you! You will long for the creature your hands have made.
The gray-haired and the aged are on our side, men even older than your father.
I am repulsive to my wife and my children think I stink.
I wish they were engraved forever on a rock with an iron stylus and lead. I know that my redeemer lives, and in later days he will take his stand on the earth. read more. Even after my skin is gone and this body destroyed, I will see God in my own flesh. I will see him with my own eyes, not with someone else's. My heart fails inside me!
Will you keep to the old way that the wicked have trod? They were snatched away before their time. Their foundation is washed away by flood. read more. They said to God: 'Leave us alone.' They asked: 'What can the Almighty do to us?'
The night racks my bones, and the pain that eats at me takes no rest.
He comes to men and says: 'I sinned, and perverted what was right, but I did not get what I deserved.' He redeemed me from going down to the pit, and I will live to enjoy the light. read more. God does all these things to a man twice, even three times. He turns him back from the pit that the light of life may shine on him.
Therefore I despise myself and repent in dust and ashes.
So now take seven bulls and seven rams and go to my servant Job and sacrifice a burnt offering for yourselves. My servant Job will pray for you, and I will accept his prayer and not deal with you according to your folly. You did not speak correctly about me, as my servant Job has.
After this Job lived a hundred and forty years. He saw his children and their children to the fourth generation.
Even if these three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in that country, they would, by their righteousness, rescue only themselves,' declares the Lord Jehovah.
For the wisdom of this age is foolishness with God. It is written: He catches the wise in their own craftiness (deception). (Job 5:13)
As you know, those who have endured are called blessed. You have heard of the patience (perseverance) (endurance) of Job, and have seen the outcome Jehovah provided, how he was very tender with his affection and mercy. (Psalm 103:8)
Easton
persecuted, an Arabian patriarch who resided in the land of Uz (q.v.). While living in the midst of great prosperity, he was suddenly overwhelmed by a series of sore trials that fell upon him. Amid all his sufferings he maintained his integrity. Once more God visited him with the rich tokens of his goodness and even greater prosperity than he had enjoyed before. He survived the period of trial for one hundred and forty years, and died in a good old age, an example to succeeding generations of integrity (Eze 14:14,20) and of submissive patience under the sorest calamities (Jas 5:11). His history, so far as it is known, is recorded in his book.
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Even if these three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in that country, they would, by their righteousness, rescue only themselves,' declares the Lord Jehovah.
As I am alive, declares the Lord Jehovah, not even Noah, Daniel, and Job could, by their righteousness, rescue their sons or daughters. They could rescue only themselves.'
As you know, those who have endured are called blessed. You have heard of the patience (perseverance) (endurance) of Job, and have seen the outcome Jehovah provided, how he was very tender with his affection and mercy. (Psalm 103:8)
Fausets
Age, and relation to the canon. The book has a unique position in the canon. It is unconnected with Israel, God's covenant people, with whom all the other scriptures are associated. "The law" (towrah),the Magna Charta of the rest, occurs but once, and then not in its technical sense (Job 22:22). The Exodus is never alluded to, though the miraculous events connected with it in Egypt and the desert, with both of which Job shows his acquaintance, would have been appropriate to his and the friends' argument. The destruction of the guilty by the flood (Job 22:15), and that of Sodom and Gomorrah (Job 18:15) possibly, are referred to; but no later facts. The inference seems natural that the book was of an age anterior to Israel. Job's own life was of patriarchal length, 200 years. The only idolatry alluded to is the earliest, Sabeanism, the worship of the sun, moon, and seba or heavenly hosts (Job 31:26-28).
Job sacrifices as priest for his family according to patriarchal usage, and alludes to no exclusive priesthood, temple, or altar. Lastly, the language is Hebrew with an Arabic and Syriac infusion found in no other sacred book, answering to an age when Hebrew still retained many of the elements of the original common Semitic, from which in time branched off Hebrew, Syriac, and Arabic, carrying with them severally fragments of the common stock. The obscurity of several phrases, the obsolete words and forgotten traditions (e.g. that of the bushmen, Job 30:4-7), all mark a remote antiquity. The admission of the book into the Hebrew canon, notwithstanding the absence of reference to Israel, is accounted for if Let's theory be adopted that Moses became acquainted with it during his stay in Arabia, near Horeb, and added the prologue and epilogue. To the afflicted Israelites Job's patience and restoration were calculated to be a lesson of special utility.
The restriction of "Jehovah" (the divine name revealed to Moses in its bringing the fulfillment of the promise to God's covenant people just at that time: Ex 6:3) mostly to the prologue and epilogue favors this view. The Holy Spirit directed him to canonize the oriental patriarch's inspired book, just as he embodies in the Pentateuch the utterances of Balaam the prophet from the mountains of the East. The grand theme of the book is to reconcile the saint's afflictions with God's moral government in this present world. The doctrine of a future life in which the seeming anomalies of the present shall be cleared up would have given the main solution to the problem. But as yet this great truth was kept less prominent until "the appearing of our Saviour Jesus Christ who hath abolished death and brought life and immortality to light through the gospel." Job plainly refers to the resurrection, but not with that persistent prominence with which the New Testament saints rest on it as their continual hope; Job does not make it his main solution.
Even still we need something in addition, to clear off the clouds which hang over God's present government of this fallen earth. The first consideration suggested in this sublime history and poem is, "an enemy hath done this." The veil which hides the world of spirits is drawn aside, and Satan, the accuser of the brethren, appears as the mediate cause of Job's afflictions. Satan must be let do his worst to show that his sneer is false that religion is but selfishness," doth Job fear God for naught?" (Job 1:9). The patience and the final perseverance of the saints (Job 1:21; 2:10; 13:15), notwithstanding temporary distrust under Satan's persecutions which entailed loss of family, friends, possessions, and bodily health, are illustrated in Job's history.
God's people serve Him for His own sake, not merely for the temporary reward His service generally brings; they serve Him even in overwhelming trial (Ge 15:1). Herein Job is a type though imperfectly of Him who alone, without once harbouring a distrustful thought, endured all this as well as death in its most agonizing, humiliating form, and, worse than all, the hiding of even God's countenance from Him. Job's chief agony was not so much his accumulated losses and sufferings, not even his being misunderstood by friends, but that God hid His face from him, as these calamities too truly seemed to prove (Job 23:9). Yet conscience told him he was no hypocrite, nay though God was slaying him he still trusted in God (Job 23:10-15; 13:15; compare Abraham, Genesis 22). Job's three trials are progressive:
1. His sudden loss of all blessings external to himself, possessions, servants, and sons; he conquers this temptation: "naked came I out of my mother's womb, and naked shall I return there; the Lord gave, and the Lord hath taken away, blessed be the name of the Lord."
2. His loss of bodily health by the most loathsome sickness; still he conquers: "shall we receive good at the hand of God, and shall we not receive evil?"
3. His mental conflict brought on by the three friends' suspicion of his insincerity, which he felt untrue, but which seemed justified by his trials from God; this was the poignant sting to his soul, for he accepted their premises, that great suffering proved great sin.
Here he failed; yet amidst his impatient groans he still clung desperately to his faith and followed hard after God, and felt sure God would yet vindicate him (Job 23:10; 19:25-27). His chief error was his undue self justification before God, which he at last utterly renounces (Job 30:25 to Job 31; Job 32:1; 33:9; 9:17; 10:7; 16:17; 27:5; 29:10-17; 40:4-5; 42:5-6). After fretfully demanding God's interposition (23) to vindicate his innocence he had settled down into the sad conviction that God heeds not, and that His ways of providence are as a theory inexplicable to man while practical wisdom is the fear of the Lord (Job 28:28). Elihu gives a leading solution of the problem. God not only hereafter shall judge the world, but even now providentially and morally controls all its affairs.
Even the righteous have sin which needs correction. God speaks to them by chastisement; He is not really silent (Job 16:21; 23:3; 31:35), as Job had complained (Job 33:14, etc.); He teaches them humility, and prepares them for pardon and life through the mediating Angel of the covenant (of whom Elihu is the type: Job 33:6-7,23-30). To Job's charge against God of injustice Elihu answers that God's omnipotence (Job 34:35-36), upholding man in life when He could destroy him, and His universal government, exclude the idea of injustice in Him. To Job's charge that God's providence is unsearchable, Elihu answers that suffering is to teach humility and adorntion of His greatness. Affliction to the saint is justice and mercy in disguise; he is thereby led to feel the heinousness of sin (via crucis via salutis), and not being permitted by God's love to fall away for ever he repents of the impatience which suffering betrayed him into for a time.
Then, justifying God and condemning himself, he is finally delivered from temporal afflictions. Now already the godly are happier amidst afflictions than the ungodly (Mr 10:29-30). Even these considerations do not exhaust the subject; still difficulties remain. To answer these, God Himself (Job 38) appears on the scene, and resolves all that remains uncleared into the one resting thought of faith, the sovereignty of God. We must wait for His solution hereafter of what we know not now (Joh 13:7). Elihu is the preacher appealing to Job's reason and conscience. God alone, in His appearing, brings home the truth experimentally to Job's heart: "Judge not the Lord by feeble sense, But trust Him for His grace; Behind a frowning Providence He hides a smiling face. Blind unbelief is sure to err, And scan God's work in vain; God is His own interpreter, And He will make it plain."
CONSTRUCTION. The artificial construction of the poem appears in the oft recurring sacred numbers three and seven. Job had seven thousand sheep, seven sons, and three daughters, both before and after his trials. His three friends sit with him seven days and nights. "Job" in Arabic means repentance, the name given him in after life from his experiences. His personal reality appears f
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The region where they lived stretched from Mesha toward Sephar, in the eastern hill country.
The word of Jehovah came to Abram in a vision: Do not be afraid, Abram; I am your shield. Your reward shall be very great.
Uz was their firstborn. Buz was next. Then there was Kemuel who became the father of Aram. Their other five sons were
These were the sheiks (chiefs) of the sons of Esau. The sons of Eliphaz, the firstborn son of Esau, were Chief Teman, Chief Omar, Chief Zepho, Chief Kenaz,
I appeared to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, as God Almighty, but by my name, Jehovah, I did not make myself known to them.
I see him, but not now! I behold him, but not near! A star shall come forth from Jacob. A scepter shall rise from Israel and shall crush through the forehead of Moab. It will tear down all the sons of Sheth.
He owned seven thousand sheep, three thousand camels, one thousand head of cattle, and five hundred donkeys. He also had a large number of servants. In fact he was the greatest (richest) of all the Orientals in the East!
Satan replied: Would Job respect you if he got nothing out of it?
He said: I was born with nothing (naked), and I will die with nothing. Jehovah gave, and now he has taken away. Blessed be the name of Jehovah!
He said to her: You are talking like a godless fool. We accept the good that God gives us. Should we not also accept the bad? Through all this Job did not speak sinful words.
May the day of my birth perish, and the night it was said: 'A boy is born!'
He catches the wise with their own craftiness. The plans of schemers are quickly halted.
He crushes me with a tempest. He multiplies my wounds without cause.
You know that I am not guilty and that no one can force me from your hand!
Though he put me to death, yet I will hope in him. I will defend my ways before him.
Though he put me to death, yet I will hope in him. I will defend my ways before him.
Just like water that disappears from the sea or a riverbed that becomes parched and dry,
If a man dies, will he live again? All the days of my hard service I will wait for my change (release) to come.
Have you heard God's council? Do you limit wisdom to yourself?
There is no violence in my hands. My prayer is pure.
Fire resides in his tent; burning sulfur is scattered over his dwelling.
I know that my redeemer lives, and in later days he will take his stand on the earth.
I know that my redeemer lives, and in later days he will take his stand on the earth. Even after my skin is gone and this body destroyed, I will see God in my own flesh. read more. I will see him with my own eyes, not with someone else's. My heart fails inside me!
With his belly full, God will vent his burning anger against him and rain down his blows upon him. Though he flees from an iron weapon, a bronze-tipped arrow pierces him.
Receive instruction from his mouth, and lay up his words in your heart.
When others are humiliated, you say it is pride for he saves the humble.
He acts on the left and I cannot behold. He turns on the right and I cannot see him. But He knows the way I walk. He has tried me. I shall come forth as gold.
But He knows the way I walk. He has tried me. I shall come forth as gold. My foot has held fast to his path. I have kept his way and not turned aside. read more. I have not departed from the command of his lips. I have treasured the words of his mouth more than my necessary food. But he is unchangeable and who can turn him? He does what he wants to do. He performs what is appointed for me. He is mindful of many such matters. Therefore, I would be dismayed at his presence. I stand in awe of him.
I will not admit you are in the right. Until I die, I will not deny my integrity!
To man he said: 'Respect for Jehovah is wisdom! To stay away from evil is understanding.'
The voices of princes were hushed. Their tongues stuck to the roof of their mouths. When the ear heard, it commended me, and when the eye saw, it approved. read more. This is because I delivered the poor who cried, and the orphan who had no helper. The blessing of the wretched came upon me. I caused the widow's heart to sing for joy. I put on righteousness and it clothed me. My justice was like a robe and a turban. I was eyes to the blind, and feet to the lame. I was a father to the needy! I championed the cause of the stranger. I broke the fangs of the unrighteous. I made them drop their prey from their teeth.
I chose their way, and sat as chief. I lived like a king among his troops, like one who comforts mourners.
They pick mallow (salt herb) from the underbrush, and the roots of the broom plant are their food. They are driven from the community. People shout at them in the same way they shout at thieves. read more. They have to live in dry riverbeds (the clefts of the valleys) (wadis), in holes in the ground, and among rocks. They howl in bushes and huddle together under thorn bushes.
Have I not wept for the one whose life is hard? Was I not grieved for the needy?
if I have looked at the sun when it shone, or the moon moving in splendor, and my heart has been secretly enticed, and my mouth has kissed my hand, read more. this also would be an iniquity to be punished by the judges, for I would have denied God above.
Oh, that I had one to hear me! Here is my signature! Let the Almighty answer me! Oh, that I had the indictment written by my adversary!
So these three men ceased to answer Job, because he was righteous in his own eyes.
I am just like you before God. I too have been taken from clay! No fear of me should alarm you, nor should my hand be heavy upon you.
I am pure and without sin! I am clean and free from guilt.
God does speak, now one-way and then another, though man may not perceive it.
Yet if there is an angel on his side as a mediator, one out of a thousand, to tell a man what is right for him, to be gracious to him and say: 'Spare him from going down to the pit. I have found a ransom for him!' read more. His flesh is renewed like a child's. It is restored as in the days of his youth. He prays to God and finds favor with him. He sees God's face and shouts for joy! God restores him to his righteous state. He comes to men and says: 'I sinned, and perverted what was right, but I did not get what I deserved.' He redeemed me from going down to the pit, and I will live to enjoy the light. God does all these things to a man twice, even three times. He turns him back from the pit that the light of life may shine on him.
that Job is speaking from ignorance and that nothing he says make sense. Think through everything that Job says. You will see that he talks like an evil man.
JEHOVAH ANSWERED JOB OUT OF THE WINDSTORM:
I am so insignificant. How can I answer you? I will put my hand over my mouth. I spoke once, but I cannot answer twice. I will proceed no further.
My ears had heard of you but now my eyes have seen you.
My ears had heard of you but now my eyes have seen you. Therefore I despise myself and repent in dust and ashes.
You do not abandon me to the grave or allow your holy one to decay.
I will see your face (be in your presence) when I am declared righteous. When I wake up, I will be satisfied to see (perceive) (comprehend) you.
The waters of the Nile River will dry up. The riverbed will be parched and dry.
Cursed is the day when I was born. Let the day not be blessed when my mother bore me! Cursed is the man who brought the news to my father, saying: A baby boy has been born to you! He made him very happy.
Even if these three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in that country, they would, by their righteousness, rescue only themselves,' declares the Lord Jehovah.
As I live, declares the Lord Jehovah, 'not even Noah, Daniel, and Job could rescue their own sons or daughters. They could rescue only themselves and the country would become a wasteland.' What if I bring a war against that country by saying I will let a war go throughout this country. And then I destroy the people and the animals in it. read more. As I am alive, declares the Lord Jehovah, not even Noah, Daniel, and Job could rescue their sons or daughters. They alone would be saved.' Let us say I send a plague into that country or pour out my fury on it by killing people and destroying animals. As I am alive, declares the Lord Jehovah, not even Noah, Daniel, and Job could, by their righteousness, rescue their sons or daughters. They could rescue only themselves.'
The eagles will gather at the place of the carcass.
Jesus said: Truly I tell you, a man that has left house, or brothers, or sisters, or mother, or father, or children, or lands, for my sake, and for the sake of the good news, will receive a hundred times as much now in this time, and in the age to come everlasting life.
He said: These are my words that I spoke to you, while I was yet with you. All things must be fulfilled. They are things that are written in the Law of Moses, and the Prophets, and the Psalms, concerning me.
You do not know what I do now, Jesus said: but you will understand later.
For who has known the mind of Jehovah? Or who has been his counselor? (Isaiah 40:13) Or who has first given to him, that it shall be repaid to him again? (Job 41:11)
Humble yourselves in the presence of God, and he will exalt you.
As you know, those who have endured are called blessed. You have heard of the patience (perseverance) (endurance) of Job, and have seen the outcome Jehovah provided, how he was very tender with his affection and mercy. (Psalm 103:8)
searching what time or what manner of time the spirit of Christ that was in them did point to, when it testified beforehand the sufferings of Christ, and the glories that should follow them. God revealed to the prophets that the things they spoke were not for their own benefit but for yours. The Holy Spirit was sent from heaven to make known to you what the prophets spoke. Those who spread the good news to you did this. These are things even the angels want to look into.
Hastings
JOB
1. The man Job.
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And when Bela died, Jobab the son of Zerah of Bozrah reigned in his place.
And when Bela died, Jobab the son of Zerah of Bozrah reigned in his place.
Moses said to Jehovah: You brought these people out of Egypt by your power. When the Egyptians hear what you have done to your people, they will tell it to the people who live in this land. These people have already heard that you, Jehovah, are with us, that you appear in plain sight when your cloud stops over us, and that you go before us in a pillar of cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night. read more. But if you kill all these people at the same time the nations who have heard these reports about you will say, Jehovah was not able to bring these people into the land he promised them, so he slaughtered them in the desert.
Jabin king of Hazor heard about this. So he sent a message to Jobab king of Madon, and to the king of Shimron, and to the king of Achshaph,
Suddenly the Sabeans attacked and stole them all. They killed every one of your servants except me. I am the only one who escaped to tell you. Before he finished speaking, another servant came and said: Lightning struck the sheep and the shepherds and killed them all. I am the only one who escaped to tell you. read more. Before he finished speaking, another servant came and said: Three bands of Chaldean raiders attacked us. They took away the camels and killed all your servants except me. I am the only one who escaped to tell you.
when a storm swept in from the desert. It blew the house down and killed them all. I am the only one who escaped to tell you.
He said: I was born with nothing (naked), and I will die with nothing. Jehovah gave, and now he has taken away. Blessed be the name of Jehovah!
Job took a piece of broken pottery to scratch his sores as he sat in the ashes.
Job's three friends heard about all the terrible things that happened to him. Each of them came from his home: Eliphaz of Teman, Bildad of Shuah, and Zophar of Naama. They agreed they would go together to sympathize with Job and comfort him.
JOB OPENED HIS MOUTH and cursed the day of his birth.
May the day of my birth perish, and the night it was said: 'A boy is born!' Let that day turn to darkness. May God above not care about it. Let no light shine upon it.
May those who curse days curse that day, those who are ready to lift up Leviathan (Babylonian symbol of sadness and mourning). Let its morning stars become dark and cause it to wait for daylight in vain and not see the first rays of dawn, read more. for it did not shut the doors of the womb on me to hide trouble from my eyes.
Eliphaz of Teman continued: I was told something secretly and heard something whispered in my ear. I am with disturbing thoughts from visions in the night, when deep sleep falls on people. read more. Fear and trembling came over me, and all my bones shook. A spirit passed in front of me. It made my hair stand on end. Something stood there. I could not tell what it was. A vague image was in front of my eyes. I heard a soft voice say: Can any mortal be righteous to God? Can any human being be pure to his maker? You see God does not trust his own servants. He accuses his angels of making mistakes. How much more will he accuse those who live in clay houses that have their foundation in the dust? Those houses can be crushed quicker than a moth! From morning to evening, they are shattered. They will disappear forever without anyone noticing. Have the ropes of their tent been loosened? Will they die without wisdom?
But my brothers are as undependable as intermittent streams, as the streams that overflow when darkened by thawing ice and swollen with melting snow, read more. but that cease to flow in the dry season, and in the heat vanishes from their channels. Caravans turn aside from their routes. They go into the wasteland and perish. The caravans of Tema look for water. The traveling merchants of Sheba hope and wait in vain. They are distressed! They were once confident. They arrive there, only to be disappointed.
What is man that you should magnify him and set your mind on him?
Such is the destiny of all who forget God. The hope of the godless will perish.
He made the Bear, Orion, and the Pleiades and the chambers of the south.
God will not withdraw his anger. The allies of the proud lie thrown down beneath him.
Your hands formed me and made me. Will you now turn and destroy me? Remember that you molded me like clay. Will you now turn me to dust again? read more. Did you not pour me out like milk and curdle me like cheese, clothe me with skin and flesh and knit me together with bones and sinews? You granted me life and showed me kindness. Your providence preserved my spirit. Yet this is what you concealed in your heart, and I know that this was in your mind: If I sinned, you would be watching me and would not let my offense go unpunished. If I am wicked, woe to me! Even if I am innocent, I cannot lift my head, for I am full of shame and aware of my affliction. If I hold my head high, you stalk me like a lion and again display your awesome power against me. You bring new witnesses against me and increase your anger toward me. Your forces come against me wave upon wave.
Which of all these does not know that the hand of Jehovah has done this?
He leads counselors away stripped and makes fools of judges. He takes off the bonds put on by kings and ties a belt around their waist. read more. He leads priests away stripped and overthrows men long established. He silences the lips of trusted advisers and takes away the discernment of elders. He pours out contempt upon nobles and disarms the mighty. He uncovers the deep things of darkness and brings deep shadows into the light. He makes nations great, and destroys them. He enlarges nations, and disperses them. He deprives the leaders of the earth of their reason and understanding. He sends them wandering through a pathless wilderness. They grope in darkness without light. He makes them stagger like a drunken man.
Man born of woman, lives a short life that is full of trouble. He springs up like a flower and fades away. He is like a fleeting shadow and does not endure. read more. Do you look on such a person? Will you bring him before you for judgment? Who can bring what is pure from the impure? No one!
Who can bring what is pure from the impure? No one! Man's days are determined. You have decreed the number of his months and have set limits he cannot exceed. read more. So look away from him and let him alone, till he has put in his time like a hired man. At least there is hope for a tree: If it is cut down, it will sprout again, and its new shoots will not fail. Its roots may grow old in the ground and its stump die in the soil, yet at the scent of water it will bud and put forth growth like a plant. On the other hand man dies and is laid low. He breathes his last and is no more! Just like water that disappears from the sea or a riverbed that becomes parched and dry, so men lie down and do not rise. Until the heavens are no more, men will not awake or be roused from their sleep.
He has exhausted me. You have lain waste all my company. You have shriveled me up. It has become a witness. And my leanness rises up against me. It testifies to my face. read more. His anger has torn me and hunted me down. He has gnashed at me with his teeth. My adversary glares at me. They have gaped at me with their mouth. They have slapped me on the cheek with contempt. They have massed themselves against me. God hands me over to ruffians. He tosses me into the hands of the wicked. I was at ease, but he shattered me. He has grabbed me by the neck and has shaken me to pieces. He has also set me up as his target. His arrows surround me. Without mercy he splits my kidneys open. He pours out my gall on the ground. He breaks through me with breach after breach. He runs at me like a warrior. I have sewed sackcloth over my skin and thrust my horn (strength) in the dust. My face is flushed from weeping. The shadow of death is on my eyelids. There is no violence in my hands. My prayer is pure.
Even now, behold, my witness is in heaven, and my advocate is on high.
I know that my redeemer lives, and in later days he will take his stand on the earth.
I know that my redeemer lives, and in later days he will take his stand on the earth. Even after my skin is gone and this body destroyed, I will see God in my own flesh.
Even after my skin is gone and this body destroyed, I will see God in my own flesh. I will see him with my own eyes, not with someone else's. My heart fails inside me!
I will see him with my own eyes, not with someone else's. My heart fails inside me!
Is not your wickedness great? There is no end to your iniquities. You have indeed exacted pledges from your family for no reason, and stripped the naked of their clothing. read more. You have given no water to the weary to drink. You have withheld bread from the hungry. The powerful possess the land, and the favored live in it. You have sent widows away empty-handed. You crush the arms of the orphans.
Receive instruction from his mouth, and lay up his words in your heart.
Swift are they on the face of the waters. Their portion in the land is cursed! No treader turns toward their vineyards. Drought and heat snatch away the snow waters! In the same way the grave takes those who have sinned. read more. The womb forgets them. The worm finds them sweet. They are no longer remembered. Wickedness is broken like a tree. They harm the childless woman, and do no good to the widow.
Rulership and awe belong to God. He establishes order in the heights of heaven.
JOB ANSWERED: How you have helped one who has no power! How you have assisted the arm that has no strength! read more. How you have counseled one who has no wisdom, and given much good advice! With whose assistance have you uttered words? Whose spirit has come forth from you? The shades of the dead tremble underneath the waters and their inhabitants. The grave is naked before God, and destruction has no covering. He stretches out the northern sky over empty space, and hangs the earth upon nothing. He wraps up the waters in his thick clouds, and the cloud does not burst by them. He covers the face of the full moon, and spreads his cloud over it. He has described a circle on the face of the waters, at the boundary between light and darkness. The pillars of heaven tremble, and are astounded at his rebuke. He stills the sea with his power. He struck down Rahab with his understanding.
He stills the sea with his power. He struck down Rahab with his understanding. By his wind the heavens were made fair. His hand pierced the fleeing serpent.
By his wind the heavens were made fair. His hand pierced the fleeing serpent. These are indeed but the outskirts of his ways. How small a whisper do we hear from him! But who can understand the thunder of his power?
As God lives, who has denied me justice, the Almighty? Who has made me taste bitterness? As long as I have life within me, the breath of God in my nostrils, read more. my lips will not speak wickedness, and my tongue will not utter deceit. I will not admit you are in the right. Until I die, I will not deny my integrity!
I will not admit you are in the right. Until I die, I will not deny my integrity! I will maintain my righteousness and never let go of it! My conscience will not reproach me as long as I live.
I will maintain my righteousness and never let go of it! My conscience will not reproach me as long as I live. May my enemies be like the wicked, my adversaries like the unjust!
May my enemies be like the wicked, my adversaries like the unjust! What hope doe the godless have when he is cut off, when God takes away his life?
What hope doe the godless have when he is cut off, when God takes away his life? Does God listen to his cry when distress comes upon him?
Does God listen to his cry when distress comes upon him? Will he find delight in the Almighty? Will he call upon God at all times?
Will he find delight in the Almighty? Will he call upon God at all times? I will teach you about the power of God; the ways of the Almighty I will not conceal.
I will teach you about the power of God; the ways of the Almighty I will not conceal. You have all seen this yourselves. Why then this meaningless talk? read more. Here is the fate God accords the wicked. This is the heritage a ruthless man receives from the Almighty:
Here is the fate God accords the wicked. This is the heritage a ruthless man receives from the Almighty: No mater how many his children, their fate is the sword. His offspring will never have enough to eat.
No mater how many his children, their fate is the sword. His offspring will never have enough to eat. The plague will bury those who survive him. Their widows will not weep for them. read more. Though he heaps up silver like dust and clothes like piles of clay, what he lays up the righteous will wear, and the innocent will divide his silver. The house he builds is like a moth's cocoon, like a hut made by a watchman. He lies down wealthy and wakes up and all is gone. Terrors overtake him like a flood; a tempest snatches him away in the night. The east wind carries him off. He is gone and it sweeps him out of his place. It hurls itself against him without mercy as he flees headlong from its power. Men will clap their hands in derision (ridicule) and hiss him out of his place.
Men will clap their hands in derision (ridicule) and hiss him out of his place.
To man he said: 'Respect for Jehovah is wisdom! To stay away from evil is understanding.'
Then I thought: I shall die in my nest (house), and I shall multiply my days like the grains of sand.
let thorns grow instead of wheat, and foul weeds instead of barley. The words of Job are ended, JOB QUITE TALKING.
let thorns grow instead of wheat, and foul weeds instead of barley. The words of Job are ended, JOB QUITE TALKING.
So these three men ceased to answer Job, because he was righteous in his own eyes. Then Elihu son of Barachel the Buzite, of the family of Ram, became angry. He was angry with Job because he justified himself rather than God. read more. He was angry also with Job's three friends because they found no answer, though they had declared Job to be in the wrong. Elihu waited to speak to Job, because they were older than he. When Elihu saw that there was no answer in the mouths of these three men, he became angry. Elihu son of Barachel the Buzite answered: I am young in years, and you are aged; therefore I was timid and afraid to declare my opinion to you.
On the other hand a man may be chastened on a bed of pain with constant distress in his bones. His very being finds food repulsive and he loathes the choicest meal. read more. His flesh wastes away to nothing, and his bones, once hidden, now stick out. He draws near to the pit and to the messengers of death. Yet if there is an angel on his side as a mediator, one out of a thousand, to tell a man what is right for him, to be gracious to him and say: 'Spare him from going down to the pit. I have found a ransom for him!' His flesh is renewed like a child's. It is restored as in the days of his youth. He prays to God and finds favor with him. He sees God's face and shouts for joy! God restores him to his righteous state. He comes to men and says: 'I sinned, and perverted what was right, but I did not get what I deserved.' He redeemed me from going down to the pit, and I will live to enjoy the light.
He makes them listen to correction and commands them to repent of their evil.
But those who suffer he delivers in their suffering; he speaks to them in their affliction.
But those who suffer he delivers in their suffering; he speaks to them in their affliction.
JEHOVAH ANSWERED JOB OUT OF THE WINDSTORM:
Can you bind the beautiful Pleiades? Can you loose the cords of Orion?
The wings of the ostrich flap joyfully, but they cannot compare with the pinions and feathers of the stork. She lays her eggs on the ground and lets them warm in the sand. read more. She is unaware that a foot may crush them, that some wild animal may trample them. She treats her young cruelly, as if they were not hers. Even if her labor is in vain, she is unconcerned. This is because God has made her forget wisdom. He has not given her a share of understanding. When she lifts herself on high, she laughs at the horse and his rider.
My ears had heard of you but now my eyes have seen you.
I am angry with you and your two friends, because you did not speak correctly about me, as my servant Job has.
I am angry with you and your two friends, because you did not speak correctly about me, as my servant Job has. So now take seven bulls and seven rams and go to my servant Job and sacrifice a burnt offering for yourselves. My servant Job will pray for you, and I will accept his prayer and not deal with you according to your folly. You did not speak correctly about me, as my servant Job has.
So now take seven bulls and seven rams and go to my servant Job and sacrifice a burnt offering for yourselves. My servant Job will pray for you, and I will accept his prayer and not deal with you according to your folly. You did not speak correctly about me, as my servant Job has. So Eliphaz the Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite and Zophar the Naamathite did what Jehovah told them. And Jehovah accepted Job's prayer. read more. After Job had prayed for his friends, Jehovah made him prosperous again and gave him twice as much as he had before. All his brothers and sisters and everyone who had known him before came and ate with him in his house. They comforted and consoled him over all the trouble Jehovah allowed to come upon him. Each one gave him a piece of silver and a gold ring. Jehovah blessed the latter part of Job's life more than the first. He had fourteen thousand sheep, six thousand camels, a thousand yoke of oxen and a thousand donkeys.
Jehovah blessed the latter part of Job's life more than the first. He had fourteen thousand sheep, six thousand camels, a thousand yoke of oxen and a thousand donkeys. He also had seven sons and three daughters.
He also had seven sons and three daughters.
He also had seven sons and three daughters. The first daughter he named Jemimah, the second Keziah and the third Keren-Happuch. read more. Nowhere in all the land were there found women as beautiful as Job's daughters. Their father granted them an inheritance along with their brothers. After this Job lived a hundred and forty years. He saw his children and their children to the fourth generation. He died a very old man.
what is man that you remember him or the son of man that you take care of him?
Cursed is the day when I was born. Let the day not be blessed when my mother bore me! Cursed is the man who brought the news to my father, saying: A baby boy has been born to you! He made him very happy. read more. But let that man be like the cities Jehovah overthrew without relenting. Let him hear an outcry in the morning and a shout of alarm at noon. He did not kill me before birth, so that my mother would have been my grave, and her womb ever pregnant. Why did I ever come forth from the womb to look on trouble and sorrow? My days have been spent in shame!
Jehovah continued to speak his word to me, He said: Son of man, suppose a country sins against me by being unfaithful to me. I will stretch out my hand (use my power) against it, cut off its food supply, send a famine to it, and destroy its people and animals. read more. Even if these three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in that country, they would, by their righteousness, rescue only themselves,' declares the Lord Jehovah. If I send wild animals through that country and they make it childless and turn it into such a wasteland that no one travels through it because of the animals. As I live, declares the Lord Jehovah, 'not even Noah, Daniel, and Job could rescue their own sons or daughters. They could rescue only themselves and the country would become a wasteland.' What if I bring a war against that country by saying I will let a war go throughout this country. And then I destroy the people and the animals in it. As I am alive, declares the Lord Jehovah, not even Noah, Daniel, and Job could rescue their sons or daughters. They alone would be saved.' Let us say I send a plague into that country or pour out my fury on it by killing people and destroying animals. As I am alive, declares the Lord Jehovah, not even Noah, Daniel, and Job could, by their righteousness, rescue their sons or daughters. They could rescue only themselves.'
There will be those who escape in Mount Zion. It will be holy, and the house of Jacob will take (confiscate) their possessions.
As you know, those who have endured are called blessed. You have heard of the patience (perseverance) (endurance) of Job, and have seen the outcome Jehovah provided, how he was very tender with his affection and mercy. (Psalm 103:8)
Morish
1. The 'perfect and upright man' whose history is given in the book of Job.
2. Son of Issachar. Ge 46:13. See JASHUB.
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Smith
(persecuted), the third son of Issachar,
called in another genealogy JASHUB.
See Jashub
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Watsons
JOB, a patriarch celebrated for his patience, and the constancy of his piety and virtue. That Job was a real, and not a fictitious, character, may be inferred from the manner in which he is mentioned in the Scriptures. Thus, the Prophet Ezekiel speaks of him: "Though these three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in it, they should deliver but their own souls by their righteousness, saith the Lord God," Eze 14:14. Now since Noah and Daniel were unquestionably real characters, we must conclude the same of Job. "Behold," says the Apostle James, "we count them happy which endure: ye have heard of the patience of Job, and have seen the end of the Lord, that the Lord is very pitiful, and of tender mercy," Jas 5:11. It is scarcely to be believed that a divinely inspired Apostle would refer to an imaginary character as an example of patience, or in proof of the mercy of God. But, beside the authority of the inspired writers, we have the strongest internal evidence, from the book itself, that Job was a real person; for it expressly specifies the names of persons, places, facts, and other circumstances usually related in true histories. Thus, we have the name, country, piety, wealth, &c, of Job described, Job i; the names, number, and acts of his children are mentioned; the conduct of his wife is recorded as a fact, Job ii; his friends, their names, countries, and discourses with him in his afflictions are minutely delineated, Job 2:11, &c. Farther: no reasonable doubt can be entertained respecting the real existence of Job, when we consider that it is proved by the concurrent testimony of all eastern tradition: he is mentioned by the author of the book of Tobit, who lived during the Assyrian captivity; he is also repeatedly mentioned by Arabian writers as a real character. The whole of his history, with many fabulous additions, was known among the Syrians and Chaldeans; and many of the noblest families among the Arabs are distinguished by his name, and boast of being descended from him.
Since, then, says Horne, the book of Job contains the history of a real character, the next point is the age in which he lived, a question concerning which there is as great a diversity of opinion, as upon any other subject connected with this venerable monument of sacred antiquity. One thing, however, is generally admitted with respect to the age of the book of Job, namely, its remote antiquity. Even those who contend for the later production of the book of Job are compelled to acquiesce in this particular. Grotius thinks the events of the history are such as cannot be placed later than the sojourning of the Israelites in the wilderness. Bishop Warburton, in like manner, admits them to bear the marks of high antiquity; and Michaelis confesses the manners to be perfectly Abrahamic, that is, such as were common to all the seed of Abraham, Israelites, Ishmaelites, and Idumeans. The following are the principal circumstances from which the age of Job may be collected and ascertained:
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Noah built an altar to Jehovah and, taking some of all the clean animals and clean birds, he sacrificed burnt offerings on it.
King Melchizedek of Salem brought out bread and wine. He was priest of God Most High.
She bore him Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah. Jokshan was the father of Sheba and Dedan, and the descendants of Dedan were the Asshurim, the Letushim, and the Leummim.
Pharaoh named Joseph, Zaphenath-paneah. He gave him Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera, priest of On, as his wife. And Joseph went forth over the land of Egypt.
Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, took a burnt offering and sacrifices for God, and Aaron came with all the elders of Israel to eat a meal with Moses' father-in-law before God.
The cities at the limits of the tribe of the children of Judah toward the border of Edom southward were Kabzeel, and Eder, and Jagur,
Gederoth, Beth-dagon, and Naamah, and Makkedah; sixteen cities with their villages:
A man named Job lived in Uz. He was a man of integrity! He was decent, he respected God, and he stayed away from evil.
Job's sons used to take turns giving a feast. They invited many others to come, and they always invited their three sisters to join them. The morning after each feast, Job would get up early to offer sacrifices for each of his children in order to purify them. He always did this because he thought that one of them might have sinned by insulting God unintentionally.
Job's three friends heard about all the terrible things that happened to him. Each of them came from his home: Eliphaz of Teman, Bildad of Shuah, and Zophar of Naama. They agreed they would go together to sympathize with Job and comfort him.
Ask the former generations and find out what their fathers learned. After all we were born only yesterday and know nothing, and our days on earth are a mere shadow.
You write down bitter things against me and make me inherit the sins of my youth.
The gray-haired and the aged are on our side, men even older than your father.
I wish now my words were written. I wish they were inscribed on a scroll. I wish they were engraved forever on a rock with an iron stylus and lead.
if I have looked at the sun when it shone, or the moon moving in splendor, and my heart has been secretly enticed, and my mouth has kissed my hand, read more. this also would be an iniquity to be punished by the judges, for I would have denied God above.
Should I wait, because they do not speak, because they stand there, and answer no more? I also will give my answer. I also will declare my opinion.
Jehovah blessed the latter part of Job's life more than the first. He had fourteen thousand sheep, six thousand camels, a thousand yoke of oxen and a thousand donkeys.
After this Job lived a hundred and forty years. He saw his children and their children to the fourth generation.
After this Job lived a hundred and forty years. He saw his children and their children to the fourth generation.
This is what Jehovah of Hosts says about Edom: Is there no longer any wisdom in Teman? Has wisdom disappeared from your people? Has their wisdom vanished? Turn and run, take cover in deep places inhabitants of Dedan. When I punish them, I will bring disaster on the descendants of Esau.
Hear that which I have determined against the people of Edom, and to what I intend to do to the people of the city of Teman. Even their children will be dragged off, and everyone will be horrified.
Even if these three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in that country, they would, by their righteousness, rescue only themselves,' declares the Lord Jehovah.
therefore the Lord Jehovah says: 'I will also stretch out my hand (exert my power) against Edom and cut off man and beast from it. I will lay it waste! From Teman even to Dedan they will fall by the sword.
Jehovah declared: For three and four transgressions of Edom, I will not withdraw punishment. He pursued his brother with the sword. He showed no compassion but was driven with anger and eternal wrath. I will send a fire upon Teman, and it will devour the palaces of Bozrah.
Shall I not in that day, said Jehovah, destroy the wise men out of Edom, and destroy understanding out of the mountain of Esau? Your mighty men, O Teman, will be dismayed, to the end that every one may be destroyed (removed) from the mountain of Esau by slaughter.
As you know, those who have endured are called blessed. You have heard of the patience (perseverance) (endurance) of Job, and have seen the outcome Jehovah provided, how he was very tender with his affection and mercy. (Psalm 103:8)