Reference: Ethics
Hastings
The present article will be confined to Biblical Ethics. As there is no systematic presentation of the subject, all that can be done is to gather from the Jewish and Christian writings the moral conceptions that were formed by historians, prophets, poets, apostles. The old history culminates in the story of the perfect One, the Lord Jesus Christ, from whom there issued a life of higher order and ampler range.
I. OT Ethics.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
THEN was Jesus led away by the spirit into the wilderness, to be tempted by the devil. And when he had fasted forty days and forty nights, afterwards he became hungry. read more. And the tempter coming to him said, If thou art the Son of God, command that these stones be made loaves. But he answering said, It is written, "Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of God." Then the devil taketh him up into the holy city, and placed him on a wing of the temple, and saith to him, If thou be the Son of God, cast thyself down: for it is written, "that he shall give his angels a charge concerning thee: and in their hands shall they hold thee up, lest at any time thou dash thy foot against a stone." Jesus said unto him, It is written again, "Thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God." Again the devil taketh him unto an exceeding high mountain, and sheweth him all the kingdoms of the world, and their glory; and saith unto him, All these things will I give thee, if thou wilt fall prostrate and worship me. Then saith Jesus unto him, Avaunt Satan! for it is written, "Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and to him only thou pay divine adoration." Then the devil leaveth him, and lo! angels came and ministered unto him.
THEN seeing the multitudes, he went up into the mountain: and seating himself, his disciples came to him:
THEN seeing the multitudes, he went up into the mountain: and seating himself, his disciples came to him: and opening his mouth, he taught them, saying,
and opening his mouth, he taught them, saying, Blessed are the poor in spirit, for their's is the kingdom of heaven.
Blessed are the poor in spirit, for their's is the kingdom of heaven. Blessed are they that mourn: for they shall be comforted.
Blessed are they that mourn: for they shall be comforted. Blessed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth.
Blessed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth. Blessed are they who hunger and thirst after righteousness: for they shall be fed to the full.
Blessed are they who hunger and thirst after righteousness: for they shall be fed to the full. Blessed are the merciful for they shall obtain mercy.
Blessed are the merciful for they shall obtain mercy. Blessed are the pure in heart: for they shall see God.
Blessed are the pure in heart: for they shall see God. Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called the children of God.
Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called the children of God. Blessed are they who are persecuted for righteousness sake: for their's is the kingdom in heaven.
Blessed are they who are persecuted for righteousness sake: for their's is the kingdom in heaven.
Blessed are they who are persecuted for righteousness sake: for their's is the kingdom in heaven. Blessed are ye, when they shall revile and persecute you, and lying, speak every thing evil against you for my sake.
Blessed are ye, when they shall revile and persecute you, and lying, speak every thing evil against you for my sake. Rejoice and exult; for plenteous is your reward in the heavens: for just so they persecuted the prophets who went before you.
Rejoice and exult; for plenteous is your reward in the heavens: for just so they persecuted the prophets who went before you. Ye are the salt of the earth: but if the salt become insipid, with what can it be salted? it is of no farther use for any purpose, but to be cast out, and trodden under foot of men. read more. Ye are the light of the world. A city cannot be hid that is situated on an eminence. Neither do men burn a lamp, and set it under a bushel, but on its stand; and it sheds light on all that are in the house. Just so let your light shine before men, that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father who is in the heavens. Think not that I am come to destroy the law and the prophets: I came not to destroy, but to fulfil.
Ye have heard that it was said to the men of antient times, "Thou shalt do no murder;" and whosoever shall commit murder, shall be liable to the judgment:
Ye have heard that it was said to the men of antient times, "Thou shalt do no murder;" and whosoever shall commit murder, shall be liable to the judgment: but I say unto you, That every man who is angry with his brother without cause, shall be liable to the judgment: and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be liable to the sanhedrim: but whosever shall say, Thou fool, shall be liable to be cast into hell fire. read more. If therefore thou bring thy gift to the altar, and there rememberest that thy brother hath ought against thee; leave there thy gift before the altar, and go: first be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and offer thy gift.
Ye have heard that it was said to those of old, "Thou shalt not commit adultery:" but I say unto you, That every one who looketh upon a woman to lust after her, hath already committed adultery with her in his heart.
Ye have heard that it was said, "Eye for eye, and tooth for tooth:" but I say unto you, Resist not an injurious act; but whosoever shall smite thee on the right cheek, turn to him also the other.
TAKE heed that ye do not your alms before men, in order to catch their eye: for otherwise ye have no reward from your Father who is in heaven.
that thine alms may be in secret: and thy Father who seeth in secret, will himself reward thee openly.
But when thou prayest, enter into thy closet, and shut thy door, to pray to thy Father who is in secret; and thy Father who seeth in secret shall reward thee openly.
For if ye forgive men their offences, your heavenly Father will also forgive you: but if ye forgive not to men their offences, neither will your Father forgive your offences.
that thou mayest not make a shew of fasting to men, but to thy Father who is in secret: and thy Father who seeth in secret shall reward thee openly.
Every man therefore who is hearing from me these words, and puts them in practice, I will compare him to the intelligent man, who erected his house upon a rock: and the rain descended, and the rivers rushed, and the winds blew, and they beat against that house, and it fell not; for it was founded on a rock. read more. And every man who is hearing these sayings of mine, and doth not practise them, he will resemble the foolish man, who built his house upon the sand: and the rain descended, and the rivers rushed, and the winds blew, and set against that house, and it fell; and the fall of it was great.
For which is the easier, to say, Thy sins are forgiven thee; or to say, Arise, and walk? But that ye may know that the Son of man hath authority upon earth to forgive sins, (then he saith to the paralytic,) Arise, take up thy bed, and go into thy house.
He that loveth father or mother more than me, is not worthy of me: and he that loveth son or daughter more than me, is not worthy of me. And he that taketh not up his cross, and followeth after me, is not worthy of me. read more. He that preserveth his life shall lose it: and he that loseth his life for my sake shall preserve it.
Verily I say unto you, There hath not arisen, from those born of women, a greater than John the Baptist: yet he that is the least in the kingdom of God is greater than he.
Ye broods of vipers, how can ye speak good things, yourselves being wicked? for out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh. A good man out of the good treasure of his heart bringeth forth good things: and a wicked man out of the evil treasure of his heart bringeth forth evil things.
For verily I tell you, That many prophets and righteous men have greatly desired to see the things which ye see, and have not seen them; and to hear the things which ye hear, and have not heard them.
that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophet, saying, I will open my mouth in parables, I will bring forth things hid from the foundation of the world.
They say unto him, Yes, Lord. Then said he unto them, Therefore every scribe instructed unto the kingdom of heaven, is like unto a man, the master of a family, who bringeth out of his storehouse things new and old.
Therefore is the kingdom of heaven like unto a certain king who purposed to settle his account with his servants. And when he began to make up the account, there was brought to him one debtor, ten thousand talents in arrear: read more. but not having wherewithal to pay, his lord ordered him to be sold, and his wife and his children, and all things whatsoever he possessed, and payment to be made. Then that servant falling prostrate, paid him the most profound homage, saying, Lord, have forbearance with me, and I will pay thee all. Then his lord, moved with compassion towards that servant, discharged him, and forgave him the debt. But that servant going out, found one of his fellow-servants, who owed him a hundred denarii, and seizing, throttled him, saying, Pay me what thou owest. Then his fellow-servant fell at his feet, and besought him, saying, Have forbearance with me, and I will pay thee all. And he would not: but went and cast him into prison, till he should pay what he owed. Then his fellow-servants, when they saw what was done, were exceedingly sorry, and came to their lord, and gave him an explicit account of all things that had passed. Then his lord, calling him before him, said to him, Thou vile slave! all that debt I forgave thee, because thou besoughtest me: and oughtest thou not to have had compassion on thy fellow-servant, even as I had pity on thee? And his lord, incensed, delivered him up to the torturers, till he should pay all that he owed him. Even so also will my heavenly Father do to you, except ye forgive every one of you his brother, from your hearts, their trespasses.
And all their works they do to be seen of men: they make their phylacteries broad, and deepen the fringes of their garments,
Wo unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye resemble tombs whitewashed, which outwardly indeed appear specious, but within are full of dead men's bones, and all manner of impurity.
Then shall he say also to those on the left hand, Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels: for I was hungry, and ye gave me nothing to eat: I was thirsty, and ye gave me nothing to drink: read more. I was a stranger, and ye took me not in: naked, and ye did not clothe me: sick, and in prison, and ye took no care of me. Then shall they also answer him, saying, Lord, when saw we thee hungry, or thirsty, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not minister unto thee? Then shall he reply to them, saying, For as much as ye have not done it to one of the least of these, neither have ye done it to me.
teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you: and, lo! I am with you at all times even to the end of the world. Amen.
And the scribes and the Pharisees seeing him eat with publicans and sinners, said to his disciples, How is it that he eateth and drinketh with publicans and sinners? And when Jesus heard it, he said unto them, They who are in strong health have no need of a physician, but they who have illness: I came not to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance.
And no man seweth on a patch of cloth undressed upon an old garment: but if otherwise, the new piece supplied taketh away from the old, and the rent is made worse. And no man putteth new wine into old bottles; but if otherwise, the new wine will burst the bottles, and the wine will be spilt, and the bottles destroyed: but new wine must be put into new bottles.
And seeing some of his disciples eating bread with hands unclean, that is, unwashed, they found fault. For the Pharisees and all the Jews, unless they wash their hands to the wrist, eat not, holding the tradition of the elders. read more. And coming from the market, unless they have washed, they never eat. And there are many other things which they have by tradition received to observe, as the washings of cups, and pots, and vessels of brass, and couches. Then the Pharisees and the scribes asked him, Why do not thy disciples walk conformable to the tradition of the elders, but eat bread with unwashed hands? Then he answering said to them, Well did Isaiah prophesy concerning you hypocrites, as it is written, "This people honoureth me with their lips, but their heart is far from me. Now vainly do they worship me, while teaching doctrines the commandments of men." For leaving the command of God, ye adhere to the tradition of men, the washings of pots and cups; and many other such like things ye practise.
And he saith to them, Are ye also so defective of intelligence? Do you not consider, that every thing from without that entereth into a man, cannot make him unclean? because it entereth not into his heart, but into his belly, and goeth out into the vault, carrying off all the impurities of the food. read more. But, said he, what cometh out of a man, that makes a man unclean. For from within out of the heart of men proceed wicked reasonings, adulteries, whoredoms, murders,
For from within out of the heart of men proceed wicked reasonings, adulteries, whoredoms, murders, thefts, inordinate cravings, mischievous actions, knavery, lewdness, an evil eye, blasphemy, pride, folly:
thefts, inordinate cravings, mischievous actions, knavery, lewdness, an evil eye, blasphemy, pride, folly: all these wicked things come from within, and render a person unclean.
And the Pharisees coming to him, put a question to him, Is it lawful for a husband to put away his wife? tempting him. He answered and said unto them, What did Moses command you? read more. They said, Moses permitted to write a bill of divorce, and to put her away. Then Jesus answering said unto them, For the hardness of your hearts he wrote you that ordinance. But from the beginning of the creation, God made them male and female; and said, For this cause shall a man forsake father and mother, and shall adhere to his wife; and they two shall be one flesh: so that they are no more two, but one flesh. What therefore God hath yoked together, let no man separate.
And they come and say to him, Master, we know that thou art true, and carest not for any man: for thou regardest not the person of men, but teachest the way of God in truth: Is it lawful to pay tribute to Caesar, or not? shall we pay, or shall we not pay it? but he, perceiving their hypocrisy, said unto them, Why tempt ye me? bring me a denarius, that I may see it. read more. And they brought it. And he said unto them, Whose figure and inscription is this? they say unto him, Caesar's. And Jesus addressing them, said, Render the things which are Caesar's, to Caesar; and what belongs to God, to God. And they marvelled at him.
So when the sun was set, all who had any indisposed with various diseases, brought them to him; and laying his hands severally on each of them, he cured them.
And the dead man sat up, and began to speak: and he delivered him to his mother.
For which cause, I tell thee, her many sins are forgiven, for she hath loved much: but to whom a little is forgiven, he loveth little.
And he said to another, Follow me. And he said, Lord, permit me first to return home, and put my father in his grave. And Jesus said unto him, Leave the dead to bury their own dead, but go thou, preach the kingdom of God.
Wo to thee Chorazin! wo to thee Bethsaida! for if the miracles which have been done in thee, had been done in Tyre and Sidon, long ago sitting in sackcloth and ashes, would they have repented. But it shall be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon in the judgment than for you. read more. And thou Capernaum, which hast been lifted up to heaven, shalt be cast down to hell. He that heareth you, heareth me; and he that despiseth you, despiseth me; and he that despiseth me, despiseth Him that sent me.
And, behold, a certain doctor of the law arose, to make trial of him, saying, Master, by doing what shall I inherit eternal life? And he said unto him, What is written in the law? How readest thou? read more. And he answering said, "Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy might, and with all thy understanding, and thy neighbour as thyself." And he said unto him, Thou hast answered rightly: this do, and thou shalt live. Then he, desirous to make himself appear a righteous person, said unto Jesus, And who is my neighbour? Then Jesus answering said, A certain man went down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and fell among robbers, who, when they had both stripped him, and covered him with wounds, got off, leaving him half dead. And it so fell out, that a certain priest went down that way, and seeing him, he kept the opposite side of the road. And a Levite also, in the same way, being near the place, came, and seeing him, kept the opposite side of the road. But a certain Samaritan travelling, came by him, and seeing him, was moved with compassion, and coming up to him, bound up his wounds, after pouring on them oil and wine; then setting him on his own beast, he led him to an inn, and took particular care of him. And on the morrow, as he was departing, he took out of his purse two denarii, and gave them to the innkeeper, and said to him, Take great care of him; and whatever farther expence may be incurred, when I return, I will repay thee. Which then of these three do you suppose to be the neighbour of him who fell into the robbers' hands? And he said, He that shewed mercy towards him. Then said Jesus to him, Go, and do thou exactly the same.
If any man cometh after me, and hateth not father, and mother, and wife and children, and brothers, and sisters, yea, and his own life also, he cannot be my disciple. And whosoever doth not bear his cross, and come after me, he cannot be my disciple.
What man is there of you, possessing an hundred sheep, though he lose but one of them, will he not leave the ninety-nine in the wilderness, and go after that which is lost, until he find it? and when he hath found it, he layeth it on his shoulders, rejoicing. read more. And coming home, he calleth together his friends and neighbours, saying unto them, Congratulate me; for I have found that sheep of mine which was lost. I tell you, that just so will there be joy in heaven over one repentant sinner, more than over ninety-nine righteous persons, who hold not their need of repentance.
And he said unto them, Ye are they who affect to be righteous persons before men; but God knoweth your hearts: for that which is highly esteemed among men, is an abomination in the sight of God.
Now there was a certain rich man, and he was clothed in purple and fine linen, making splendid entertainments every day: and there was a certain pauper, named Lazarus, who was laid at his gate covered with ulcers, read more. and importunately desiring to be fed with the crumbs which fell from the rich man's table: yea even the dogs came and licked his ulcers. Now it came to pass that the poor man died, and was carried up by angels into the bosom of Abraham. Then the rich man also died, and was buried: and in hell, lifting up his eyes, being in torments, he seeth Abraham at a vast distance, and Lazarus in his bosom. And crying out, he said, Father Abraham, have compassion on me, and send Lazarus, that he may dip the tip of his finger in water, and cool my tongue; for I am tormented with this flame. But Abraham said, Son, remember that thou hast received thy good things during thy life, and Lazarus, in like manner, what was afflictive: but now he is comforted, and thou art tormented. And besides all these considerations, between us and you there is a vast chasm fixed: so that they who might be willing to pass from hence to you, cannot; neither can they pass through to us, from thence. And he said, I entreat thee then, father, that thou wouldest send him to my paternal mansion: for I have five brothers: that he may testify to them, that they also come not into this place of torment. Abraham saith to him, They have Moses and the prophets; let them hearken to them. But he said, Ah no, father Abraham! but if one came to them from the dead, they will repent. Then he said to him, If they hearken not to Moses and the prophets, neither will they be persuaded though one rose from the dead.
Two men went up to the temple to pray; the one a Pharisee, the other a tax-farmer. The Pharisee, standing by himself, made this prayer: God, I thank thee, that I am not as the rest of mankind, extortioners, unjust, adulterers, or as this tax-gatherer. read more. I keep a fast twice a week, I pay the tenth of all things I possess. And the tax-gatherer standing at a distance, would not even so much as lift his eyes heaven-ward, but smote on his breast, saying, May God accept the atonement for me a sinner! I say to you, Went this man down to his house justified, or the other? for every one who exalteth himself shall be humbled; and he that humbleth himself shall be exalted.
Then Zaccheus standing up, said unto the Lord, Behold, the half of my goods, Lord, I give unto the poor; and if I have got any thing from any man, by laying false informations, I am ready to restore fourfold. Then said Jesus unto him, To-day is salvation come to this house, because that he also is a son of Abraham.
And he said to Jesus, Remember me, Lord, when thou comest in thy kingdom.
And all the multitudes who had come together for this spectacle, when they saw the things which were done, beating their breasts, returned.
All things were made by him; and without him was not one thing made that was made. In him was life; and the life was the light of men.
For the law was given by Moses, but the grace and the reality came by Jesus Christ.
On the morrow John was again standing with two of his disciples;
Jesus answered and said to him, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God.
That which is born of the flesh is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit.
For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that every one who believeth in him should not perish, but have life eternal.
He that believeth on him is not condemned: but he that believeth not is already under condemnation, because he hath not believed on the name of the only begotten Son of God.
But the hour is coming, yea, is now come, when the true worshippers shall worship the Father in spirit and in truth: for the Father seeketh such worshippers of him.
I said therefore unto you, that ye shall die in your sins: for if ye believe not that I am, ye shall die in your sins.
If the Son therefore make you free, ye will be truly free.
Which of you can convict me of sin? Now if I speak the truth, why do ye not believe me?
I am the good shepherd, and know my own [sheep], and am known of my own.
Ye call me Master, and Lord: and ye speak truly; for such I am.
A new commandment I give unto you, That ye love one another; even as I have loved you, that ye also love one another.
And if I go and prepare you a place, I will come again, and receive you to myself; that where I am, there ye may be also.
Yet a little while, and the world seeth me no more; but ye see me: because I live, ye shall live also.
I AM the true vine, and my Father is the husbandman. Every branch in me that beareth no fruit, he taketh it away: and every branch that beareth fruit, he pruneth it clean, that it may bring forth more fruit. read more. Ye are already clean through the word which I have spoken unto you. Abide in me, and I in you. As the branch cannot bear fruit of itself, unless it abide in the vine: so neither can ye, except ye abide in me. I am the vine, ye are the branches: he that abideth in me, and I in him, this person beareth much fruit: because without me ye can do nothing. If any man abide not in me, he is cast out as a branch, and withered; and men gather them, and cast them into the fire, and they are burned. If ye abide in me, and my words abide in you, ye shall ask whatsoever ye will, and it shall be done for you. Herein is my Father glorified, that ye should bring forth much fruit; so shall ye be my disciples. Just as the Father hath loved me, I also have loved you: abide in my love. If ye keep my commandments, ye shall abide in my love; even as I have kept my Father's commandments, and as I abide in his love.
Had I not come and spoken to them, they would not have had sin: but now they have no excuse for their sin. He that hateth me hateth my Father also. read more. If I had not done among them the works which no other ever did, they would not have had sin: but now they have both seen and hated both me and my Father.
They will put you out of their synagogues: yea, the hour is coming, that every one who killeth you will think he offers God a sacred service.
And when he cometh, he will convince the world of sin, of righteousness, and of judgment:
And when he cometh, he will convince the world of sin, of righteousness, and of judgment: of sin first, because they believe not in me;
These things have I spoken to you, that ye might have peace. In the world ye shall have tribulation: but be of good courage; I have overcome the world.
I have glorified thee upon earth: I have completed the work which thou gavest me to perform.
Father, those whom thou hast given me, I will that where I am they may also be with me; that they may behold my glory, which thou gavest me: because thou hast loved me before the foundation of the world.
Then they went rejoicing from the presence of the sanhedrim, that for his name's sake, they had been counted worthy to suffer this injurious treatment.
for as yet he had not fallen on any one of them: only they had been baptised into the name of the Lord Jesus.
Then they, after bearing their testimony, and speaking the word of the Lord, returned towards Jerusalem, and preached the gospel in many villages of the Samaritans. Now the angel of the Lord spake to Philip, saying, Arise, and go towards the south, on the road which leads down from Jerusalem to Gaza: it is a wilderness. read more. And he arose and went: and lo! an Ethiopian man, an eunuch, a person in power under Candace queen of the Ethiopians, who was over all her treasury; he had gone to worship unto Jerusalem, and was returning, and sitting in his chariot, was reading the prophet Isaiah. Then said the Spirit to Philip, Go up, and approach close to that chariot. Then Philip running up to him, heard him reading the prophet Isaiah; and he said, Well! but dost thou understand what thou art reading? He replied, How indeed can I, except some person guide me in the way? And he besought Philip to come up and sit with him. The portion of scripture which he had been reading was this: "He was led as a sheep to the slaughter; and as a lamb before him who sheareth it is dumb, so he opened not his mouth: in his humiliation his judgment was taken away: but his generation who can describe? for his life was taken away from the earth." Then the eunuch addressing himself to Philip, said, I pray thee, of whom doth the prophet thus speak? of himself, or of some other person? Then Philip opening his mouth, and beginning from that scripture, preached to him Jesus. But as they went on the road, they came to some water: and the eunuch said, Here is water, what forbids my being baptised? And Philip said, If thou believest with the whole heart, it is allowable. Then he answered and said, I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God. And he bid the carriage stop: and they went down both into the water, both Philip and the eunuch; and he baptised him. But when they were come up out of the water, the Spirit of the Lord caught up Philip, and the eunuch saw him no more: then he went on his way rejoicing.
And as Peter was entering, Cornelius met him, and falling at his feet, paid him homage. But Peter raised him up, saying, Arise; I also myself am a man.
PAUL, a servant of Jesus Christ, a called apostle, set apart for the Gospel of God,
For not he who is outwardly such, is the Jew; neither is that which is outward in the flesh, circumcision. But he is a Jew who is such inwardly; and circumcision is of the heart, in spirit, not in letter; whose praise is not from men, but from God.
Do we then abolish the law through faith? God forbid: but on the contrary, we give the law stability.
BEING justified therefore by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ: by whom also we have had an introduction through faith into this grace in which we have stood fast, and are rejoicing in hope of the glory of God.
For scarcely for a righteous person will any one die: though for a good man perhaps some one might even dare to die. But God commendeth his own love towards us, that, though we were yet sinners, Christ died in our stead.
For we know that the law is spiritual; but I am fleshly, sold under sin.
For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus hath liberated me from the law of sin and of death.
But ye are not in the flesh, but in the Spirit, if indeed the Spirit of God dwelleth in you. But if any man hath not the Spirit of Christ, he is not his.
For whom he foreknew, he predestinated also to a conformity with the image of his Son, that he might be the first-begotten among many brethren.
But in all these things we are more than conquerors through him that loved us. For I am assured that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor powers, nor things present, nor those to come, read more. nor exaltation, nor deepest depression, nor any other creature, shall be able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord.
LET every soul be subject to the superior powers: for there is no power but from God; the existing powers are appointed by God. Wherefore he that sets himself against authority, resists the ordinance of God: and they who resist shall receive to themselves condemnation. read more. For rulers are not a terror to good works, but to evil. Wilt thou then not be afraid of the power? Do that which is good, and thou shalt have praise from it: for he is the minister of God to thee for good. But if thou doest that which is evil, tremble! for he beareth not the sword in vain: for he is the minister of God, an avenger to inflict wrath on him that practises what is evil. Wherefore there is a necessity for being in subjection, not only for fear of wrath, but also for conscience sake. For on this account pay ye taxes also: for they are God's ministers, continually employed on this very service. Render therefore to all their dues: tribute to whom tribute is due, custom to whom custom, fear to whom fear, honour to whom honour.
Who art thou that judgest another man's servant? To his own master he standeth or falleth; but he shall be established: for God is able to establish him.
For we preach not ourselves, but Christ Jesus the Lord; and ourselves your servants for Jesus' sake.
For we must all appear before the judgment-seat of Christ, that each may receive the things done in the body according to what he hath done, whether it be good, or whether it be evil.
For ye know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that for your sake he became poor though he was rich, that ye by his poverty should be made rich.
Now the works of the flesh are evident, which are these: adultery, whoredom, impurity, lasciviousness, idolatry, magical charms, enmities, strifes, jealousies, animosities, quarrels, divisions, heresies, read more. envyings, murders, drunkenness, revels, and the like of these, concerning which I tell you now, as I have told you already, that they who live in such practices shall not inherit the kingdom of God. But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, kindness, goodness, fidelity,
But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, kindness, goodness, fidelity, meekness, temperance; against such there is no law.
meekness, temperance; against such there is no law.
BRETHREN, if a man also be surprised into any act of offence, ye that are spiritual, replace such a one in the spirit of meekness; keeping an attentive eye on thyself, lest thou also be tempted. Bear ye one another's burdens, and so fulfil the law of Christ.
For every man shall bear his own burden.
AND you hath he quickened, who were dead in trespasses and sins, wherein in times past ye walked after the fashion of this world, after the prince of the power of the air, the spirit who now worketh with energy in the children of disobedience: read more. among whom also we all have had our conversation in time past, in the lusts of the flesh, fulfilling the desires of the flesh and of the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, as well as the rest. But God, being rich in mercy, through the great love with which he hath loved us, though we were dead in sins, hath quickened us together with Christ, (by grace ye are saved,) and hath raised us up together with him, and made us sit down together in the heavenly regions in Christ Jesus. That he might shew forth in the ages to come the transcendent riches of his grace, in the kindness shewed to us in Christ Jesus.
destroying the enmity in his flesh, even the law of precepts, in ordinances, that he might from the two create in himself one new man, making peace,
Let him that stole steal no more; but rather labour hard, working with his hands that which is good, that he may have something to give to him that is in want. Let no loose discourse proceed out of your mouth, but whatever is good for useful edification, that it may communicate grace to the hearers.
Wives, be in subjection to your own husbands, as to the Lord.
And ye masters, do the same things to them, avoiding menacing language: knowing that you also yourselves have a master in heaven; and there is no respect of persons with him.
For this favour on the part of Christ is granted you, not only that ye should believe on him, but also that ye should suffer for his sake;
Let the same sentiment of mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesus:
Wherefore, my beloved, as ye have always been obedient, not only during my presence with you, but now much more in my absence, with fear and trembling work out your own salvation. For it is God who worketh effectually in you both to will and to perform of his good pleasure.
Yea doubtless, and I count all things but loss for the transcendently excellent knowledge of Jesus Christ my Lord: for whom I have suffered the loss of all things, and count them but as offals of ordure, that I may gain Christ, and be found in him, not having mine own righteousness, which is by the law, but that which is through faith in Christ, the righteousness which is of God by faith: read more. that I may know him, and the virtue of his resurrection, and communion with his sufferings, being conformed to his death; if haply I may attain unto the resurrection of the dead. Not that I have already attained, or am now perfect: but I pursue, that I may overtake that for which also by his apprehension of me I am destined by Christ Jesus. Brethren, I count not myself to have overtaken it; but this one object I pursue, forgetting the things which are behind, and reaching out to those which are before, I press towards the mark for the prize of the divine calling from on high in Christ Jesus.
whom we preach, warning every man, and teaching every man in all wisdom, that we may present every man perfect in Christ Jesus;
IF ye then be risen with Christ, seek the things which are above, where Christ is seated at the right hand of God. Fix your minds on things above, not on things on the earth. read more. For ye are dead, and your life is hid with Christ in God. When Christ shall appear, who is our life, then shall you also with him be manifested in glory. Mortify therefore your members which are on the earth, fornication, impurity, the vile passion, evil concupiscence, and insatiable desire, which is idolatry: for which things the wrath of God cometh upon the children of disobedience; in which ye also walked formerly when ye lived among them: but now ye have put away all these things, anger, asperity, malice, scandal, obscenity, out of your mouth. Lie not one to another, seeing ye have put off the old man with his practices;
Put on therefore, as the elect of God, holy and beloved, bowels of mercies, kindness, humility, meekness, long-suffering; forbearing one another, and freely forgiving one another, if any man hath a complaint against another: even as Christ hath freely forgiven you, so also do ye. read more. But above all these things put on love, which is the bond of perfection. And let the peace of God set up its throne in your hearts, whereunto also ye have been called in one body; and be ye thankful. Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly in all wisdom, teaching and admonishing yourselves in psalms, and hymns, and spiritual canticles, singing with grace in your heart unto the Lord. And everything that ye do in word or in work, do all in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God and the Father by him. Wives be subject to your own husbands, as is fit in the Lord.
MASTERS, afford to your servants that which is just, and an equivalent, knowing that ye also have a Master in the heavens.
and Jesus, who is called Justus, who are of the circumcision. These only are my fellow-labourers for the kingdom of God, who have been a comfort to me.
BUT speak thou the things which become sound doctrine: that the elder men be sober, grave, discreet, sound in faith, in love, in patience.
instructing us, that denying ungodliness and worldly affections, we should live soberly and righteously, and godly in the present day;
instructing us, that denying ungodliness and worldly affections, we should live soberly and righteously, and godly in the present day; expecting the blessed hope, and glorious appearing of our great God and Saviour Jesus Christ; read more. who gave himself for us, that he might redeem us from all iniquity, and purify to himself a peculiar people, zealous of good works.
how shall we escape if we neglect so great salvation, which, commencing at the beginning to be spoken by the Lord, was confirmed unto us by those who had heard him;
For both he that sanctifies, and they who are sanctified, are all of one. For which cause he is not ashamed to call them brethren, saying, "I will declare thy name to my brethren, in the midst of the church I will sing hymns to thee." read more. And again, "I will place my confidence in him." And again, "Behold! Here am I, and the children which God hath given me." Seeing therefore that the children have partaken of flesh and blood, he also himself, in exact resemblance, partook of the same, that by death he might destroy him who held the power of death, that is, the devil; and deliver those, even as many as through their whole life were subjects of bondage to the fear of death. For he verily took not on him the angelic nature, but assumed that of the seed of Abraham. Wherefore he ought in all things to be made like to his brethren, in order to become a merciful and faithful high-priest in those things which relate to God, to make a propitiation for the sins of the people: for inasmuch as he hath himself suffered, having been tempted, he is able to succour those who are tempted.
For we have not an high-priest incapable of a fellow-feeling with our infirmities, but one tempted in all points, in exact resemblance with ourselves, sin excepted.
For it is not possible to renew again unto repentance those who have been once illuminated, and have tasted the celestial gift, and have been made partakers of the Holy Ghost, and have tasted the good word of God, and the powers of the world to come, read more. and yet have fallen away: for they crucify again to themselves the Son of God, and expose him to public infamy. For the earth which imbibes the rain which often falls upon it, and bringeth forth herbage suitable for those by whom it is cultured, receiveth a blessing from God; but if it produceth thorns and thistles, it is abandoned, and near the curse [of barrenness], whose end will be for burning.
having the golden censer, and the coffer of the covenant, overlaid with gold within and without, in which were the golden urn containing the manna, and Aaron's rod which had budded, and the stone tables of the covenant;
For if we sin wilfully after we have received the knowledge of the truth, no more sacrifice for sins remaineth;
But remember the past days in which, after ye had been illuminated, ye endured a great conflict of sufferings; partly while publicly exposed to revilings and tribulations, partly as being in communion with those who were treated in this manner. read more. For ye have been fellow-sufferers with my bonds, and received with joy the plundering of your properties, knowing in yourselves that you have in the heavens a better substance, and permanent.
But of beneficence, and liberal distribution, be not unmindful: for such sacrifices God accepts with delight.
JAMES, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ, to the twelve tribes which are dispersed, greeting.
Of his own choice he produced us by the word of truth, that we might be a sort of first fruit of his creatures.??19 Wherefore, my beloved brethren, let every man be swift to hear, slow to speak, slow to wrath.
Pure religion and undefiled with God even the Father is this, To pay diligent attention to the orphans and widows in their affliction, and to preserve himself spotless from the world.
EVERY one who believeth that Jesus is the Messiah, is born of God; and every one who loveth him that begat, loveth him also who is begotten by him.
He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches, To him that overcometh will I give to eat of the hidden manna, and I will give him a white pebble, and upon the pebble a new name inscribed, which no man knoweth except the person who receiveth it.
He that overcometh, I will make him a pillar in the temple of my God, and he shall never more go out from thence: and I will write upon him the name of my God, and the name of the city of my God, the new Jerusalem, which cometh down out of heaven from my God, and my own new name.
And they sung a new song, saying, Worthy art thou to take the book, and to open the seals thereon; because thou hast been slaughtered, and hast redeemed us for God by thy blood, out of every tribe, and tongue, and people, and nation;
And they shall see his face; and his name shall be on their foreheads.
And I John saw and heard these things. And when I had heard and seen, I fell down to worship before the feet of the angel who shewed me these things. And he said to me, See thou do it not; for I am a fellow-servant of thine, and of thy brethren the prophets, and of those who observe the words of this book: worship God.