Reference: Jacob
American
Son of Isaac and Rebekah, and twin-brother to Esau. As at his birth he held his brother's heel, he was called Jacob, that is, the heel-holder, one who comes behind and catches the heel of his adversary, a supplanter, Ge 25:26. This was a king of predictive intimation of his future conduct in life. Jacob was meek and peaceable, living a shepherd life at home. Esau was more turbulent and fierce, and passionately fond of hunting. Isaac was partial to Esau, Rebekah to Jacob. Jacob having taken advantage of his brother's absence and his father's infirmity to obtain the blessing of the birthright, or primogeniture, was compelled to fly into Mesopotamia to avoid the consequences of his brother's wrath, Ge 27-28. On his journey the Lord appeared to him in a dream, (see LADDER,) promised him His protection, and declared His purpose relative to his descendants' possessing the land of Canaan, and the descent of the Messiah through him, Ge 28:10, etc. His subsequent days, which he calls "few and evil," were clouded with many sorrows, yet amid them all he was sustained by the care and favor of God. On his solitary journey of six hundred miles into Mesopotamia, and during the toils and injuries of this twenty years' service with Laban, God still prospered him, and on his return to the land of promise inclined the hostile spirits of Laban and of Esau to peace. On the border of Canaan the angels of God met him, and the God of angels wrestled with him, yielded him the blessing, and gave him the honored name of Israel. But sore trials awaited him: his mother was no more; his sister-wives imbittered his life with their jealousies; his children Dinah, Simeon, Levi and Reuben filled him with grief and shame; his beloved Rachel and his father were removed by death; Joseph his favorite son he had given up as slain by wild beasts; and the loss of Benjamin threatened to bring his gray hairs with sorrow to the grave. But the sunset of his life was majestically calm and bright. For seventeen years, he enjoyed in the land of Goshen a serene happiness: he gave a dying blessing in Jehovah's name to his assembled sons; visions of their future prosperity rose before his eyes, especially the long line of the royal race of Judah, culminating in the glorious kingdom of SHILOH. "He saw it, and was glad." Soon after, he was gathered to his fathers, and his body was embalmed, and buried with all possible honors in the burial-place of Abraham near Hebron, B. C. 1836-1689. In the history of Jacob we observe that in repeated instances he used unjustifiable means to secure promised advantages, instead of waiting, in faith and obedience, for the unfailing providence of God. We observe also the divine chastisement of his sins, and his steadfast growth in grace to the last, Ge 25-50. His name is found in the New Testament, illustrating the sovereignty of God and the power of faith, Ro 9:13; Heb 11:9,21.
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And afterward his brother came out, and his hand holding Esau by the heel. Wherefore his name was called Jacob. And Isaac was forty years old when she bare them:
As it is written, "Jacob he loved, but Esau he hated."
By faith he removed into the land that was promised him, as into a strange country, and dwelt in tabernacles: and so did Isaac, and Jacob, heirs with him of the same promise.
By faith Jacob, when he was a dying, blessed both the sons of Joseph, and bowed himself toward the top of his scepter.
Easton
one who follows on another's heels; supplanter, (Ge 25:26; 27:36; Ho 12:2-4), the second born of the twin sons of Isaac by Rebekah. He was born probably at Lahai-roi, when his father was fifty-nine and Abraham one hundred and fifty-nine years old. Like his father, he was of a quiet and gentle disposition, and when he grew up followed the life of a shepherd, while his brother Esau became an enterprising hunter. His dealing with Esau, however, showed much mean selfishness and cunning (Ge 25:29-34).
When Isaac was about 160 years of age, Jacob and his mother conspired to deceive the aged patriarch (Ge 27), with the view of procuring the transfer of the birthright to himself. The birthright secured to him who possessed it (1) superior rank in his family (Ge 49:3); (2) a double portion of the paternal inheritance (De 21:17); (3) the priestly office in the family (Nu 8:17-19); and (4) the promise of the Seed in which all nations of the earth were to be blessed (Ge 22:18).
Soon after his acquisition of his father's blessing (Ge 27), Jacob became conscious of his guilt; and afraid of the anger of Esau, at the suggestion of Rebekah Isaac sent him away to Haran, 400 miles or more, to find a wife among his cousins, the family of Laban, the Syrian (28). There he met with Rachel (29). Laban would not consent to give him his daughter in marriage till he had served seven years; but to Jacob these years "seemed but a few days, for the love he had to her." But when the seven years were expired, Laban craftily deceived Jacob, and gave him his daughter Leah. Other seven years of service had to be completed probably before he obtained the beloved Rachel. But "life-long sorrow, disgrace, and trials, in the retributive providence of God, followed as a consequence of this double union."
At the close of the fourteen years of service, Jacob desired to return to his parents, but at the entreaty of Laban he tarried yet six years with him, tending his flocks (Ge 31:41). He then set out with his family and property "to go to Isaac his father in the land of Canaan" (Ge 31). Laban was angry when he heard that Jacob had set out on his journey, and pursued after him, overtaking him in seven days. The meeting was of a painful kind. After much recrimination and reproach directed against Jacob, Laban is at length pacified, and taking an affectionate farewell of his daughters, returns to his home in Padanaram. And now all connection of the Israelites with Mesopotamia is at an end.
Soon after parting with Laban he is met by a company of angels, as if to greet him on his return and welcome him back to the Land of Promise (Ge 32:1-2). He called the name of the place Mahanaim, i.e., "the double camp," probably his own camp and that of the angels. The vision of angels was the counterpart of that he had formerly seen at Bethel, when, twenty years before, the weary, solitary traveller, on his way to Padan-aram, saw the angels of God ascending and descending on the ladder whose top reached to heaven (Ge 28:12).
He now hears with dismay of the approach of his brother Esau with a band of 400 men to meet him. In great agony of mind he prepares for the worst. He feels that he must now depend only on God, and he betakes himself to him in earnest prayer, and sends on before him a munificent present to Esau, "a present to my lord Esau from thy servant Jacob." Jacob's family were then transported across the Jabbok; but he himself remained behind, spending the night in communion with God. While thus engaged, there appeared one in the form of a man who wrestled with him. In this mysterious contest Jacob prevailed, and as a memorial of it his name was changed to Israel (wrestler with God); and the place where this occured he called Peniel, "for", said he, "I have seen God face to face, and my life is preserved" (Ge 32:25-31).
After this anxious night, Jacob went on his way, halting, mysteriously weakened by the conflict, but strong in the assurance of the divine favour. Esau came forth and met him; but his spirit of revenge was appeased, and the brothers met as friends, and during the remainder of their lives they maintained friendly relations. After a brief sojourn at Succoth, Jacob moved forward and pitched his tent near Shechem (q.v.), Ge 33:18; but at length, under divine directions, he moved to Bethel, where he made an altar unto God (Ge 35:6-7), and where God appeared to him and renewed the Abrahamic covenant. While journeying from Bethel to Ephrath (the Canaanitish name of Bethlehem), Rachel died in giving birth to her second son Benjamin (), fifteen or sixteen years after the birth of Joseph. He then reached the old family residence at Mamre, to wait on the dying bed of his father Isaac. The complete reconciliation between Esau and Jacob was shown by their uniting in the burial of the patriarch (Ge 35:27-29).
Jacob was soon after this deeply grieved by the loss of his beloved son Joseph through the jealousy of his brothers (Ge 37:33). Then follows the story of the famine, and the successive goings down into Egypt to buy corn (42), which led to the discovery of the long-lost Joseph, and the patriarch's going down with all his household, numbering about seventy souls (Ex 1:5; De 10:22; Ac 7:14), to sojourn in the land of Goshen. Here Jacob, "after being strangely tossed about on a very rough ocean, found at last a tranquil harbour, where all the best affections of his nature were gently exercised and largely unfolded" (Ge 48). At length the end of his checkered course draws nigh, and he summons his sons to his bedside that he may bless them. Among his last words he repeats the story of Rachel's death, although forty years had passed away since that event took place, as tenderly as if it had happened only yesterday; and when "he had made an end of charging his sons, he gathered up his feet into the bed, and yielded up the ghost" (Ge 49:33). His body was embalmed and carried with great pomp into the land of Canaan, and buried beside his wife Leah in the cave of Machpelah, according to his dying charge. There, probably, his embalmed body remains to this day (Ge 50:1-13). (See Hebron.)
The history of Jacob is referred to by the prophets Hosea (Ho 12:3-4,12) and Malachi (Mal 1:2). In Mic 1:5 the name is a poetic synonym for Israel, the kingdom of the ten tribes. There are, besides the mention of his name along with those of the other patriarchs, distinct references to events of his life in Paul's epistles (Ro 9:11-13; Heb 12:16; 11:21). See references to his vision at Bethel and his possession of land at Shechem in Joh 1:51; 4:5,12; also to the famine which was the occasion of his going down into Egypt in Ac 7:12 (See Luz; Bethel.)
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And in thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed, because thou hast obeyed my voice."
And afterward his brother came out, and his hand holding Esau by the heel. Wherefore his name was called Jacob. And Isaac was forty years old when she bare them:
Jacob sod pottage, and Esau came from the field and was fainty, and said to Jacob, "Let me sip of that red pottage, for I am fainty." And therefore was his name called Edom. read more. And Jacob said, "Sell me this day thy birthright." And Esau answered, "Lo, I am at the point to die, and what profit shall this birthright do me?" And Jacob said, "Swear to me then this day." And he swore to him and sold his birthright unto Jacob. Then Jacob gave Esau bread and pottage of red rice. And he ate and drank and rose up and went his way. And so Esau regarded not his birthright.
Then said he, "He may well be called Jacob, for he hath undermined me now two times - first he took away my birthright; and see, now hath he taken away my blessing also." And he said, "Hast thou kept never a blessing for me?"
And he dreamed: and behold there stood a ladder upon the earth, and the top of it reached up to heaven. And see, the angels of God went up and down upon it.
Thus have I been twenty years in thy house, and served thee fourteen years for thy two daughters, and six years for thy sheep, and thou hast changed my reward ten times.
But Jacob went forth on his journey. And the angels of God came and met him. And when Jacob saw them, he said, "This is God's host," and called the name of that same place Mahanaim.
And when he saw that he could not prevail against him, he smote him under the thigh, and the sinew of Jacob's thigh shrank as he wrestled with him. And he said, "Let me go, for the day breaketh." And he said, "I will not let thee go, except thou bless me." read more. And he said unto him, "What is thy name?" He answered, "Jacob." And he said, "Thou shalt be called Jacob no more, but Israel. For thou hast wrestled with God and with men and hast prevailed." And Jacob asked him, saying, "Tell me thy name." And he said, "Wherefore dost thou ask after my name?" And he blessed him there. And Jacob called the name of the place Peniel, "for I have seen God face to face, and yet is my life reserved." And as he went over Peniel, the sun rose upon him, and he halted upon his thigh.
And Jacob came peaceably into the city of Shechem in the land of Canaan, after that he was come from Mesopotamia, and pitched before the city;
So came Jacob to Luz in the land of Canaan, otherwise called Bethel, with all the people that was with him. And he built there an altar, and called the place Elbethel: because that God appeared unto him there, when he fled from his brother.
Then Jacob went unto Isaac his father to Mamre, a principal city, otherwise called Hebron: where Abraham and Isaac sojourned as strangers. And the days of Isaac were a hundred and eighty years: read more. and then fell he sick and died, and was put unto his people being old and full of days. And his sons Esau and Jacob buried him.
And he knew it, saying, "It is my son's coat: a wicked beast hath devoured him, and Joseph is rent in pieces."
"Reuben, thou art mine eldest son, my might and the beginning of my strength, chief in receiving and chief in power.
When Jacob had commanded all that he would unto his sons, he plucked up his feet upon the bed and died, and was put unto his people.
And Joseph fell upon his father's face, and wept upon him, and kissed him. And Joseph commanded his servants that were physicians, to embalm his father, and the physicians embalmed Israel forty days long, read more. for so long doth the embalming last, and the Egyptians bewept him seventy days. And when the days of weeping were ended, Joseph spake unto the house of Pharaoh, saying, "If I have found favour in your eyes, speak unto Pharaoh and tell him, how that my father made me swear and said, 'Lo, I die, see that thou bury me in my grave which I have made me in the land of Canaan.' Now therefore let me go and bury my father, and then will I come again." And Pharaoh said, "Go and bury thy father, according as he made thee swear." And Joseph went up to bury his father, and with him went all the servants of Pharaoh that were the elders of his house, and all the elders of Egypt, and all the house of Joseph and his brethren and his father's house: only their children and their sheep and their cattle left they behind them in the land of Goshen. And there went with him also Chariots and horsemen: so that they were an exceeding great company. And when they came to the field of Atad beyond Jordan, there they made great and exceeding sore lamentation. And he mourned for his father seven days. When the inhabiters of the land the Canaanites saw the mourning in the field of Atad, they said, "This is a great mourning which the Egyptians make." Wherefore the name of the place is called Abelmizraim, which place lieth beyond Jordan. And his sons did unto him according as he had commanded them. And his sons carried him into the land of Canaan and buried him in the double cave which Abraham had bought with the field to be a place to bury in, of Ephron the Hittite before Mamre.
All the souls that came out of the loins of Jacob were seventy, and Joseph was in Egypt already.
"For all the firstborn among the children of Israel are mine, both man and beast: because the same time that I smote the firstborn in the land of Egypt, I sanctified them for myself: and I have taken the Levites for all the firstborn among the children of Israel, read more. and have given them unto Aaron and his sons from among the children of Israel, to do the service of the children of Israel in the tabernacle of witness and to make an atonement for the children of Israel, that there be no plague among the children of Israel, if they come nigh unto the sanctuary."
Thy fathers went down into Egypt with seventy souls, and now the LORD thy God hath made thee as the stars of heaven in multitude.
But he shall know the son of the hated for his firstborn, that he give him double of all that he hath. For he is the first of his strength, and to him belongeth the right of the firstbornship.
The LORD hath a court to hold with Judah, and will punish Jacob: After their own ways and according to their own inventions, shall he recompense them. He took his brother by the heel, when he was yet in his mother's womb: and in his strength he wrestled with God.
He took his brother by the heel, when he was yet in his mother's womb: and in his strength he wrestled with God. He strove with the angel, and gat the victory: so that he prayed and desired him. He found him at Bethel, and there he talked with us.
He strove with the angel, and gat the victory: so that he prayed and desired him. He found him at Bethel, and there he talked with us.
Jacob fled into the land of Syria, and Israel served for a wife, and for a wife he kept sheep.
And all this shall be for the wickedness of Jacob, and the sins of the house of Israel. But what is the wickedness of Jacob? Is not Samaria? Which are the high places of Judah? Is not Jerusalem?
"I have loved you," sayeth the LORD: And yet ye say, "Wherein hast thou loved us?" "Was not Esau Jacob's brother?" sayeth the LORD, "Yet have I loved Jacob,
And he said unto him, "Verily, verily, I say unto you, Hereafter shall ye see heaven open, and the angels of God ascending, and descending over the son of man."
Then came he to a city of Samaria called Sychar, beside the possession that Jacob gave to his son Joseph,
Art thou greater than our father Jacob, which gave us the well, and he himself drank thereof and his children and his cattle?"
But when Jacob heard that there was corn in Egypt, he sent our fathers first,
Then sent Joseph and caused his father to be brought, and all his kin: three score and fifteen souls.
yer the children were born, when they had neither done good neither bad - that the purpose of God, which is by election, might stand - it was said unto her, not by the reason of works, but by grace of the caller, "The elder shall serve the younger." read more. As it is written, "Jacob he loved, but Esau he hated."
By faith Jacob, when he was a dying, blessed both the sons of Joseph, and bowed himself toward the top of his scepter.
and that there be no fornicator, or unclean person, as Esau, which for one breakfast sold his birthright.
Fausets
(See ESAU; ISAAC.) ("supplanter", or "holding the heel".) Esau's twin brother, but second in point of priority. Son of Isaac, then 60 years old, and Rebekah. As Jacob "took his brother by the heel (the action of a wrestler) in the womb" (Ho 12:3), so the spiritual Israel, every believer, having no right in himself to the inheritance, by faith when being born again of the Spirit takes hold of the bruised heel, the humanity, of Christ crucified, "the Firstborn of many brethren." He by becoming a curse for us became a blessing to the true Israel; contrast Heb 12:16-17. Jacob was a "plain," i.e. an upright man, steady and domestic, affectionate, so his mother's favorite: Ge 25:24, etc., "dwelling in tents," i.e. staying at home, minding the flocks and household duties; not, like Esau, wandering abroad in keen quest of game, "a man of the field," wild, restless, self indulgent, and seldom at home in the tent.
Having bought the birthright from Esau, he afterward, at Rebekah's instigation, stole the blessing which his father intended for Esau, but which God had appointed to him even when the two sons were yet unborn; "the elder shall serve the younger" (Ge 25:23; 27:29; Mal 1:3; Ro 9:12). His seeking a right end by wrong means (Genesis 27) entailed a life-long retribution in kind. Instead of occupying the first place of honour in the family he had to flee for his life; instead of a double portion, he fled with only the staff in his hand. It was now, when his schemes utterly failed, God's grace began to work in him and for him, amidst his heavy outward crosses. If he had waited in faith God's time, and God's way, of giving the blessing promised by God, and not unlawfully with carnal policy foiled Isaac's intention, God would have defeated his father's foolish purpose and Jacob would have escaped his well deserved chastisement.
The fear of man, precautions cunning, habitual timidity as to danger, characterize him, as we might have expected in one quiet and shrewd to begin with, then schooled in a life exposed to danger from Esau, to grasping selfishness from Laban, and to undutifulness from most of his sons (Ge 31:15,42; 34:5,30; 43:6,11-12). Jacob's grand superiority lay in his abiding trust in the living God. Faith made him "covet earnestly the best gift," though his mode of getting it (first by purchase from the reckless, profane Esau, at the cost of red pottage, taking ungenerous advantage of his brother's hunger; next by deceit) was most unworthy.
When sent forth by his parents to escape Esau, and to get a wife in Padan Aram, he for the first time is presented before us as enjoying God's manifestations at Bethel in his vision of the ladder set up on earth, and the top reaching heaven, with "Jehovah standing above, and the angels of God ascending and descending (not descending and ascending, for the earth is presupposed as already the scene of their activity) on it," typifying God's providence and grace arranging all things for His people's good through the ministry of "angels" (Genesis 28; Heb 1:14). When his conscience made him feel his flight was the just penalty of his deceit God comforts him by promises of His grace.
Still more typifying Messiah, through whom heaven is opened and also joined to earth, and angels minister with ceaseless activity to Him first, then to His people (Joh 14:6; Re 4:1; Ac 7:56; Heb 9:8; 10:19-20). Jacob the man of guile saw Him at the top of the ladder; Nathanael, an Israelite without guile, saw Him at the bottom in His humiliation, which was the necessary first step upward to glory. Joh 1:51; "hereafter," Greek "from now," the process was then beginning which shall eventuate in the restoration of the union between heaven and earth, with greater glory than before (Re 5:8; Revelation 21:1 - 22:21). Then followed God's promise of (1) the land and (2) of universal blessing to all families of the earth "in his seed," i.e. Christ; meanwhile he should have
(1) God's presence,
(2) protection in all places,
(3) restoration to home,
(4) unfailing faithfulness (Ge 28:15; compare Ge 28:20-21).
Recognizing God's manifestation as sanctifying the spot, he made his stony pillow into a pillar, consecrated with oil (See BETHEL), and taking up God's word he vowed that as surely as God would fulfill His promises (he asked no more than "bread and raiment") Jehovah should be his God, and of all that God gave he would surely give a tenth to Him; not waiting until he should be rich to do so, but while still poor; a pattern to us (compare Ge 32:10). Next follows his seven years' service under greedy Laban, in lieu of presents to the parents (the usual mode of obtaining a wife in the East, Ge 24:53, which Jacob was unable to give), and the imposition of Leah upon him instead of Rachel; the first installment of his retributive chastisement in kind for his own deceit. Kennicott suggested that Jacob served 14 years for his wives, then during 20 years he took care of Laban's cattle as a friend, then during six years he served for wages (Ge 31:38,41).
One (zeh) 20 years I was with thee (tending thy flocks, but not in thy house); another (zeh) 20 years I was for myself in thy house, serving thee 14 years for thy two daughters, and six years for thy cattle. The ordinary view that he was only 20 years old in Padan Aram would make him 77 years old in going there; and as Joseph, the second youngest, was born at the end of the first 14 years, the 11 children born before Benjamin would be all born within six or seven years, Leah's six, Rachel's one, Bilhah's two, and Zilpah's two. It is not certain that Dinah was born at this time. Zebulun may have been borne by Leah later than Joseph, it not being certain that the births all followed in the order of their enumeration, which is that of the mothers, not that of the births. Rachel gave her maid to Jacob not necessarily after the birth of Leah's fourth son; so Bilhah may have borne Dan and Naphtali before Judah's birth.
Leah then, not being likely to have another son, probably gave Zilpah to Jacob, and Asher and Naphtali were born; in the beginning of the last of the seven years probably Leah bore Issachar, and at its end Zebulun. But in the view of Kennicott and Speaker's Commentary Jacob went to Laban at 57; in the first 14 years had sons, Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah by Leah; Dan and Naphtali by Bilhah; in the 20 years (Ge 35:29) next had Gad and Asher by Zilpah, Issachar and Zebulun by Leah, lastly Dinah by Leah and Joseph by Rachel; then six years' service for cattle, then flees from Padan Aram where he had been 40 years, at 97. In Jacob's 98th year Benjamin is born and Rachel dies. Joseph at 17 goes to Egypt, at 30 is governor. At 130 Jacob goes to Egypt (Ge 46:1); dies at 147 (Ge 47:28).
The assigning of 40, instead of 20, years to his sojourn with Laban allows time for Er and Onan to be grown up when married; their strong passions leading them to marry, even so, at an early age for that time. The common chronology needs some correction, since it makes Judah marry at 20, Er and Onan at 15. On Jacob desiring to leave, Laban attested God's presence with Jacob. "I have found by experience (Hebrew "by omens from serpents," the term showing Laban's paganness: Ge 30:19,32) that the Lord hath blessed me for thy sake." Jacob then required as wages all the speckled and spotted sheep and goats, which usually are few, sheep in the East being generally white, the goats black or brown, not speckled.
With characteristic sharpness Jacob adopted a double plan of increasing the wages agreed on. Peeling rods of (Gesenius) storax ("poplar"), almond ("hazel"), and plane tree ("chesnut") in strips, so that the dazzling white wood of these trees should appear under the dark outside, he put them in the drinking troughs; the cattle consequently brought forth spotted, speckled young, which by the agreement became Jacob's. Thus by trickery he foiled Laban's trickery in putting three days' journey between his flock tended by Jacob and Jacob's stipulated flock of spotted and speckled goats and brown put under the care of his sons. Secondly, Jacob separated the speckled young, which were his, so as to be constantly in view of Laban's
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Then said Adam, "This is once bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh. This shall be called woman: because she was taken of the man." For this cause shall a man leave father and mother and cleave unto his wife, and they shall be one flesh.
And the servant took forth jewels of silver and jewels of gold and raiment, and gave them to Rebekah: But unto her brother and to her mother, he gave spices.
And the LORD said unto her, "There are two manner of people in thy womb, and two nations shall spring out of thy bowels, and the one nation shall be mightier than the other and the eldest shall be servant unto the younger." And when her time was come to be delivered, behold, there were two twins in her womb.
Then the LORD appeared unto him and said, "Go not down into Egypt, but bide in the land which I say unto thee:
People be thy servants, and nations bow unto thee. Be lord over thy brethren, and thy mother's children stoop unto thee. Cursed be he that curseth thee, and blessed be he that blesseth thee."
And see, I am with thee, and will be thy keeper in all places whither thou goest, and will bring thee again into this land: Neither will I leave thee; until I have made good all that I have promised thee."
And Jacob vowed a vow, saying, "If God will be with me and will keep me in this journey which I go and will give me bread to eat, and clothes to put on, so that I come again unto my father's house in safety: then shall the LORD be my God, read more. and this stone which I have set up on end, shall be God's house. And of all that thou shalt give me, will I give the tenth unto thee."
And Lea conceived yet again and bare Jacob the sixth son.
I will go about all thy sheep this day, and separate from them all the sheep that are spotted and of divers colors, and all black sheep among the lambs, and the party and spotted among the kids: And then such shall be my reward.
For in bucking time, I lifted up mine eyes and saw in a dream: and behold, the rams that bucked the sheep were streaked, spotted and party. And the angel of God spake unto me in a dream saying, 'Jacob?' And I answered, 'Here am I.' read more. And he said, 'Lift up thine eyes and see how all the rams that leap upon the sheep are streaked, spotted and party: for I have seen all that Laban doth unto thee. I am the God of Bethel where thou anointedest the stone and where thou vowdest a vow unto me. Now arise and get thee out of this country, and return unto the land where thou wast born.'"
he counteth us even as strangers, for he hath sold us, and hath even eaten up the price of us.
This twenty years that I have been with thee, thy sheep and thy goats have not been barren, and the rams of thy flock have I not eaten.
Thus have I been twenty years in thy house, and served thee fourteen years for thy two daughters, and six years for thy sheep, and thou hast changed my reward ten times. And except the God of my father, the God of Abraham, and the God whom Isaac feareth, had been with me: surely thou hadst sent me away now all empty. But God beheld my tribulation, and the labour of my hands, and rebuked thee yesterday."
Then was Jacob greatly afraid, and wist not which way to turn himself, and divided the people that was with him and the sheep, oxen and camels, into two companies,
And Jacob said, "O God of my father Abraham, and God of my father Isaac: LORD, which saidest unto me, 'return unto thy country and to thy kindred, and I will deal well with thee.' I am not worthy of the least of all the mercies and truth which thou hast showed unto thy servant. For with my staff came I over this Jordan, and now have I gotten two droves.
I am not worthy of the least of all the mercies and truth which thou hast showed unto thy servant. For with my staff came I over this Jordan, and now have I gotten two droves.
I am not worthy of the least of all the mercies and truth which thou hast showed unto thy servant. For with my staff came I over this Jordan, and now have I gotten two droves. Deliver me from the hands of my brother Esau, for I fear him: lest he will come and smite the mother with the children. read more. Thou saidest that thou wouldest surely do me good, and wouldest make my seed as the sand of the sea which can not be numbered for multitude."
And he said, "Let me go, for the day breaketh." And he said, "I will not let thee go, except thou bless me."
And Jacob took his journey toward Succoth, and built him a house, and made booths for his cattle: whereof the name of the place is called Succoth.
and bought a parcel of ground - where he pitched his tent - of the children of Hamor, Shechem's father, for a hundred lambs.
And Jacob heard that he had defiled Dina, his daughter, but his sons were with the cattle in the field: and therefore he held his peace, until they were come.
And Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, "Ye have troubled me, and made me stink unto the inhabiters of the land, both to the Canaanites and also unto the Perizzites. And I am few in number. Wherefore they shall gather themselves together against me and slay me, and so shall I and my house be destroyed."
and then fell he sick and died, and was put unto his people being old and full of days. And his sons Esau and Jacob buried him.
And he knew it, saying, "It is my son's coat: a wicked beast hath devoured him, and Joseph is rent in pieces." And Jacob rent his clothes, and put sackcloth about his loins, and sorrowed for his son a long season. read more. Then came all his sons and all his daughters to comfort him. And he would not be comforted, but said, "I will go down into the grave unto my son, mourning." And thus his father wept for him.
And Jacob their father said unto them, "Me have ye robbed of my children: Joseph is away, and Simeon is away, and ye will take Benjamin away. All these things fall upon me."
And Jacob their father said unto them, "Me have ye robbed of my children: Joseph is away, and Simeon is away, and ye will take Benjamin away. All these things fall upon me."
And Israel said, "Wherefore dealt ye so cruelly with me, as to tell the man that ye had yet another brother?"
Then their father Israel said unto them, "If it must needs be so now: then do thus, take of the best fruits of the land in your vessels, and bring the man a present, a courtesy balm, and a courtesy of honey, spices and myrrh, dates and almonds. And take as much money more with you. And the money that was brought again in your sacks, take it again with you in your hands, peradventure it was some oversight.
And Israel said, "I have enough, if Joseph my son be yet alive: I will go and see him, yer that I die."
Israel took his journey with all that he had, and came unto Beersheba and offered offerings unto the God of his father Isaac.
Moreover, Jacob lived in the land of Egypt seventeen years, so that the whole age of Jacob was a hundred and forty seven years. When the time drew nigh that Israel must die, he sent for his son Joseph and said unto him, "If I have found grace in thy sight, put thy hand under my thigh and deal mercifully and truly with me, that thou bury me not in Egypt: read more. but let me lie by my fathers, and carry me out of Egypt, and bury me in their burial." And he answered, "I will do as thou hast said." And he said, "Swear unto me." And he sware unto him. And then Israel bowed him unto the bed's head.
Then was it said unto Jacob, "Behold, thy son Joseph cometh unto thee." And Israel took his strength unto him, and sat up on the bed,
Moreover, I give unto thee a portion of land above thy brethren which I gat out of the hands of the Amorites with my sword and with my bow."
The brethren Simeon and Levi, wicked instruments are their weapons. Into their secrets come not my soul, and unto their congregation be my honour not coupled: for in their wrath they slew a man, and in their self will they houghed an ox.
After thy saving look I, LORD.
All these are the twelve tribes of Israel, and this is that which their father spake unto them when he blessed them, every man with a several blessing.
And the LORD descended in the cloud, and stood with him there: and he called upon the name of the LORD. And when the LORD walked before him, he cried, "LORD, LORD God full of compassion and mercy, which art not lightly angry but abundant in mercy and truth, read more. and keepest mercy in store for thousands, and forgivest wickedness, trespass and sin - for there is no man innocent before thee - and visitest the wickedness of the fathers upon the children and upon children's children, even unto the third and fourth generation."
and said unto the men, "I know that the LORD hath given you the land, both because that the fear of you is fallen upon us, and because that the inhabiters of the land faint at your coming.
And he said, "Fear not, there are more with us than with them." And Elisha prayed and said, "LORD open the eyes of the young man," and he saw. And behold, the mountain was full of horses and chariots of fire round about Elisha.
Will he plead against me with his great power and strength? No, but he will make me the stronger.
Nevertheless, though I am sometimes afraid, yet put I my trust in thee. I will comfort myself in God's word; yea, I will hope in God, and not fear. What can flesh then do unto me?
Yea, in God have I put my trust; I will not be afraid what man can do unto me.
Or who will enforce me to keep or make peace?
For the bed shall be so narrow that a man cannot lie upon it: And the covering too small, that a man may not wind himself therein. For the LORD shall step forth as he did upon the mount Perazim, and shall take on as he did upon the vale of Gibeon: that he may bring forth his device, his strange device: and fulfill his work, his wonderful work. read more. And therefore make no mocks at it, that your captivity increase not. For I have heard the LORD God of Hosts say that there shall come a sudden destruction and plague upon the whole earth.
Now the Egyptians are men, and not God, and their horses flesh, and not spirit. And as soon as the LORD stretcheth out his hand: then shall the helper fall, and he that should have been helped, and they shall all together be destroyed.
He shall go for fear to his strongholds, and his princes shall flee from his badge. This hath the LORD spoken, whose light burneth in Zion, and his fire in Jerusalem.
But that he giveth strength unto the weary, and power unto the faint? Children are weary and faint, and the strongest men fall: read more. But unto them that have the LORD before their eyes, shall strength be increased, Eagles wings shall grow upon them; When they run, they shall not fall; and when they go, they shall not be weary."
Put me now in remembrance, for we will reason together, and show what thou hast for thee, to make thee righteous.
He took his brother by the heel, when he was yet in his mother's womb: and in his strength he wrestled with God.
He took his brother by the heel, when he was yet in his mother's womb: and in his strength he wrestled with God. He strove with the angel, and gat the victory: so that he prayed and desired him. He found him at Bethel, and there he talked with us.
and hated Esau: Yea I have made his hills waste, and his heritage a wilderness for dragons."
Agree with thine adversary quickly, whiles thou art in the way with him; lest that adversary deliver ye to the judge, and the judge deliver ye to the minister, and then thou be cast into prison.
From the time of John Baptist, hitherto, the kingdom of heaven suffereth violence,
And as soon as he had sent the people away, he went up into a mountain alone to pray. And when night was come he was there himself alone.
And behold, a woman which was a Canaanite came out of the same coasts, and cried unto him, saying, "Have mercy on me Lord, thou son of David, my daughter is piteously vexed with a devil."
and said, 'For this thing, shall a man leave father and mother, and cleave unto his wife, and they twain shall be one flesh.'
And in the morning, very early, Jesus arose and went out into a solitary place, and there prayed.
And it fortuned in those days, that he went out into a mountain for to pray, and continued all night in prayer to God.
"Strive with yourselves to enter in at the strait gate: For many, I say unto you, will seek to enter in, and shall not be able.
And he said unto him, "Verily, verily, I say unto you, Hereafter shall ye see heaven open, and the angels of God ascending, and descending over the son of man."
Jesus said unto him, "I am the way, the truth and the life. And no man cometh unto the father, but by me.
Then sent Joseph and caused his father to be brought, and all his kin: three score and fifteen souls.
and said, "Behold, I see the heavens open, and the son of man standing on the righthand of God."
For we know well that all things work for the best unto them that love God, which also are called of purpose.
What shall we then say unto these things? if God be on our side: who can be against us?
Nevertheless, in all these things we overcome strongly through his help that loved us.
"The elder shall serve the younger."
For we wrestle not against flesh and blood: but against rule, against power, and against worldly rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness for heavenly things.
Are they not all spirits to do service, sent for to minister for their sakes, which shall be heirs of salvation?
Which in the days of his flesh, did offer up prayers and supplications, with strong crying and tears unto him that was able to save him from death: and was also heard, because of his godliness.
Wherewith the holy ghost this signifying, that the way of holy things was not yet opened, while as yet the first tabernacle was standing,
Seeing, brethren, that by the means of the blood of Jesus, we may be bold to enter into that holy place, by the new and living way, which he hath prepared for us, through the veil, that is to say by his flesh.
By faith he removed into the land that was promised him, as into a strange country, and dwelt in tabernacles: and so did Isaac, and Jacob, heirs with him of the same promise.
And they all died in faith, and received not the promises: but saw them afar off, and believed them, and saluted them: and confessed that they were strangers and pilgrims on the earth.
By faith Jacob, when he was a dying, blessed both the sons of Joseph, and bowed himself toward the top of his scepter.
and that there be no fornicator, or unclean person, as Esau, which for one breakfast sold his birthright. Ye know how that afterward when that he would have inherited the blessing, he was put by, and he found no means to come thereby again: no, though he desired it with tears.
To him that overcometh will I grant to sit with me in my seat, even as I overcame and have sitten with my father, in his seat.
After this I looked, and behold a door was open in heaven, and the first voice which I heard, was as it were of a trumpet talking with me, which said, "Come up hither, and I will show thee things which must be fulfilled hereafter.
And when he had taken the book, the four beasts and twenty four elders fell down before the lamb, having harps and golden vials full of odours, which are the prayers of saints,
Hastings
1. Son of Isaac and Rebekah. His name is probably an elliptical form of an original Jakob'el, 'God follows' (i.e. 'rewards'), which has been found both on Babylonian tablets and on the pylons of the temple of Karnak. By the time of Jacob this earlier history of the word was overlooked or forgotten, and the name was understood as meaning 'one who takes by the heel, and thus tries to trip up or supplant' (Ge 25:26; 27:36; Ho 12:3). His history is recounted in Ge 25:21 to Ge 50:13, the materials being unequally contributed from three sources. For the details of analysis see Dillmann, Com., and Driver, LOT [Note: OT Introd. to the Literature of the Old Testament.] , p. 16. Priestly Narrative supplies but a brief outline; Jahwist and Elohist are closely interwoven, though a degree of original independence is shown by an occasional divergence in tradition, which adds to the credibility of the joint narrative.
Jacob was born in answer to prayer (Ge 25:21), near Beersheba; and the later rivalry between Israel and Edom was thought of as prefigured in the strife of the twins in the womb (Ge 25:22 f., 2Es 3:16; 2Es 6:8-10, Ro 9:11-13). The differences between the two brothers, each contrasting with the other in character and habit, were marked from the beginning. Jacob grew up a 'quiet man' (Ge 25:27 Revised Version margin), a shepherd and herdsman. Whilst still at home, he succeeded in overreaching Esau in two ways. He took advantage of Esau's hunger and heedlessness to secure the birthright, which gave him precedence even during the father's lifetime (Ge 43:33), and afterwards a double portion of the patrimony (De 21:17), with probably the domestic priesthood. At a later time, after careful consideration (Ge 27:11 ff.), he adopted the device suggested by his mother, and, allaying with ingenious falsehoods (Ge 27:20) his father's suspicion, intercepted also his blessing. Isaac was dismayed, but instead of revoking the blessing confirmed it (Ge 27:33-37), and was not able to remove Esau's bitterness. In both blessings later political and geographical conditions are reflected. To Jacob is promised Canaan, a well-watered land of fields and vineyards (De 11:14; 33:28), with sovereignty over its peoples, even those who were 'brethren' or descended from the same ancestry as Israel (Ge 19:37 f., 2Sa 8:12,14). Esau is consigned to the dry and rocky districts of Idum
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And Cain talked with Abel his brother. And as soon as they were in the fields, Cain fell upon Abel his brother and slew him.
And he went on his journey from the south even unto Bethel, and unto the place where his tent was at the first time between Bethel and Ai,
And the elder bare a son and called him Moab, which is the father of the Moabites unto this day.
And Isaac made intercession unto the LORD for his wife, because she was barren: and the LORD was intreated of him, and Rebekah his wife conceived.
And Isaac made intercession unto the LORD for his wife, because she was barren: and the LORD was intreated of him, and Rebekah his wife conceived. And the children strove together within her. Then she said, "If it should go so to pass, what helpeth it that I am with child?" And she went and asked the LORD.
And afterward his brother came out, and his hand holding Esau by the heel. Wherefore his name was called Jacob. And Isaac was forty years old when she bare them: and the boys grew, and Esau became a cunning hunter and a tillman. But Jacob was a simple man and dwelled in the tents.
Then said Jacob to Rebekah his mother, "Behold, Esau my brother is rough and I am smooth.
But Isaac said unto his son, "How cometh it that thou hast found it so quickly my son?" He answered, "The LORD thy God brought it to my hand."
And Isaac was greatly astonished out of measure, and said, "Where is he then that hath hunted venison and brought it me? And I have eaten of all before thou camest, and have blessed him, and he shall be blessed still." When Esau heard the words of his father, he cried out greatly and bitterly above measure, and said unto his father, "Bless me also, my father!" read more. And he said, "Thy brother came with subtlety, and hath taken away thy blessing." Then said he, "He may well be called Jacob, for he hath undermined me now two times - first he took away my birthright; and see, now hath he taken away my blessing also." And he said, "Hast thou kept never a blessing for me?"
Then said he, "He may well be called Jacob, for he hath undermined me now two times - first he took away my birthright; and see, now hath he taken away my blessing also." And he said, "Hast thou kept never a blessing for me?" Isaac answered and said unto Esau, "Behold, I have made him thy lord, and all his mother's children have I made his servants. Moreover, with corn and wine have I established him. What can I do unto thee now my son?"
And with thy sword shalt thou live and shalt be thy brother's servant; But the time will come, when thou shalt get the mastery, and loose his yoke from off thy neck."
And tarry with him a while, until thy brother's fierceness be assuaged,
And Rebekah spake to Isaac, "I am weary of my life, for fear of the daughters of Heth. If Jacob take a wife of the daughters of Heth, such one as these are, or of the daughters of the land, what lust should I have to live?"
Yea, and the LORD stood upon it and said, "I am the LORD God of Abraham thy father and the God of Isaac: The land which thou sleepest upon will I give thee and thy seed.
And Jacob stood up early in the morning and took the stone that he had laid under his head, and pitched it up on end, and poured oil on the top of it.
Pass out this week, and then shall this also be given thee for the service which thou shalt serve me yet seven years more.
And he said, "What shall I give thee?" And Jacob answered, "Thou shalt give me nothing at all, if thou wilt do this one thing for me: And then will I turn again and feed thy sheep and keep them.
And your father hath deceived me and changed my wages ten times: But God suffered him not to hurt me.
But Jacob went forth on his journey. And the angels of God came and met him.
And the messengers came again to Jacob, saying, "We came unto thy brother Esau, and he cometh against thee; and four hundred men with him."
And he said, "Thou shalt be called Jacob no more, but Israel. For thou hast wrestled with God and with men and hast prevailed."
And the young man deferred not for to do the thing, because he had a lust to Jacob's daughter: he was also most set by of all that were in his father's house.
And God said unto Jacob, "Arise and get thee up to Bethel, and dwell there. And make there an altar unto God that appeared unto thee, when thou fleddest from Esau thy brother."
And they gave unto Jacob all the strange gods which were under their hands, and all their earrings which were in their ears, and Jacob hid them under an oak at Shechem.
And he built there an altar, and called the place Elbethel: because that God appeared unto him there, when he fled from his brother.
And Jacob set up a mark in the place where he talked with him; even a pillar of stone, and poured drink offering thereon and poured also oil thereon,
And Jacob set up a pillar upon her grave, which is called Rachel's grave pillar unto this day. And Israel went thence and pitched up his tent beyond the tower of Eder.
Then Jacob went unto Isaac his father to Mamre, a principal city, otherwise called Hebron: where Abraham and Isaac sojourned as strangers.
And they sat before him; the eldest according unto his age, and the youngest according unto his youth. And the men marveled among themselves.
Israel took his journey with all that he had, and came unto Beersheba and offered offerings unto the God of his father Isaac. And God said unto Israel in a vision by night, and called unto him, "Jacob, Jacob." And he answered, "Here am I." read more. And he said, "I am that mighty God of thy father, fear not to go down into Egypt. For I will make of thee there a great people. I will go down with thee into Egypt, and I will also bring thee up again, and Joseph shall put his hand upon thine eyes." And Jacob rose up from Beersheba. And the sons of Israel carried Jacob their father, and their children and their wives in the chariots which Pharaoh had sent to carry him. And they took their cattle and the goods which they had gotten in the land of Canaan, and came into Egypt: both Jacob and all his seed with him; his sons and his sons' sons with him, his daughters and his sons daughters and all his seed brought he with him into Egypt.
The land of Egypt is open before thee: In the best place of the land make both thy father and thy brethren dwell. And even in the land of Goshen let them dwell. Moreover, if thou know any men of activity among them, make them rulers over my cattle."
And Joseph prepared dwellings for his father and his brethren, and gave them possessions in the land of Egypt, in the best of the land: even in the land of Rameses, as Pharaoh commanded.
Moreover, Jacob lived in the land of Egypt seventeen years, so that the whole age of Jacob was a hundred and forty seven years.
And his father would not, but said, "I know it well my son, I know it well. He shall be also a people and shall be great. But of a truth his younger brother shall be greater than he, and his seed shall be full of people."
Moreover, I give unto thee a portion of land above thy brethren which I gat out of the hands of the Amorites with my sword and with my bow."
Gather you together and hear ye sons of Jacob, and hearken unto Israel your father. "Reuben, thou art mine eldest son, my might and the beginning of my strength, chief in receiving and chief in power. read more. As unstable as water wast thou: thou shalt therefore not be the chiefest, for thou wentest up upon thy father's bed, and then defiledest thou my couch with going up. The brethren Simeon and Levi, wicked instruments are their weapons. Into their secrets come not my soul, and unto their congregation be my honour not coupled: for in their wrath they slew a man, and in their self will they houghed an ox. Cursed be their wrath for it was strong, and their fierceness for it was cruel. I will therefore divide them in Jacob, and scatter them in Israel. "Judah, thy brethren shall praise thee, and thine hand shall be in the neck of thine enemies, and thy father's children shall stoop unto thee. Judah is a lion's whelp. From spoil, my son, thou art come on high: he laid him down and couched himself as a lion, and as a lioness. Who dare stir him up? The scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor a ruler from between his legs, until Shiloh come, unto whom the people shall hearken. He shall bind his foal unto the vine, and his ass's colt unto the vine branch, and shall wash his garment in wine and his mantle in the blood of grapes: his eyes are roudier than wine, and his teeth whiter than milk. "Zebulon shall dwell in the haven of the sea and in the port of ships, and shall reach unto Sidon. Issachar is a strong ass, he couched him down between two borders, and saw that rest was good and the land that it was pleasant, and bowed his shoulder to bear, and became a servant unto tribute. Dan shall judge his people, as one of the tribes of Israel. Dan shall be a serpent in the way, and an adder in the path, and bite the horse heels, so that his rider shall fall backward. After thy saving look I, LORD. Gad, men of war shall invade him. And he shall turn them to flight. Of Asher cometh fat bread, and he shall give pleasures for a king. Naphtali is a swift hind, and giveth goodly words. "That flourishing child, Joseph; that flourishing child, and goodly unto the eye! The daughters come forth to bear rule; The shooters have envied him and chide with him and hated him, and yet his bow bode fast, and his arms and his hands were strong, by the hands of the mighty God of Jacob: out of him shall come a herdsman, a stone in Israel. Thy father's God shall help thee, and the almighty shall bless thee with blessings from heaven above, and with blessings of the water that lieth under, and with blessings of the breasts and of the womb. The blessings of thy father were strong: even as the blessings of my elders, after the desire of the highest in the world. And these blessings shall fall on the head of Joseph, and on the top of the head of him that was separated from his brethren. "Benjamin is a ravishing wolf. In the morning he shall devour his prey, and at night he shall divide his spoil."
When Jacob had commanded all that he would unto his sons, he plucked up his feet upon the bed and died, and was put unto his people.
And his sons carried him into the land of Canaan and buried him in the double cave which Abraham had bought with the field to be a place to bury in, of Ephron the Hittite before Mamre.
And his sons carried him into the land of Canaan and buried him in the double cave which Abraham had bought with the field to be a place to bury in, of Ephron the Hittite before Mamre.
then he will give rain unto your land in due season, both the first rain and the latter, and thou shalt gather in thy corn, thy wine and thine oil.
But he shall know the son of the hated for his firstborn, that he give him double of all that he hath. For he is the first of his strength, and to him belongeth the right of the firstbornship.
And thou shalt answer and say before the LORD thy God, 'The Syrians would have destroyed my father, and he went down into Egypt and sojourned there with a few folk and grew there unto a nation great, mighty and full of people.
And Israel shall dwell in safety alone. And the eyes of Jacob shall look upon a land of corn and wine. Moreover, his heaven shall drop with dew.
And so Joshua made a covenant with the people the same day and set ordinances and laws before them in Shechem. And Joshua wrote these words in the book of the law of God, and took a great stone and pitched it on end in the said place, even under an oak that stood in the sanctuary of the LORD.
And the bones of Joseph, which the children of Israel brought out of Egypt, they buried in Shechem, in a parcel of ground which Jacob bought of the sons of Hamor the father of Shechem, for a hundredth pieces of silver, which parcel became the inheritance of the children of Joseph.
And all the citizens of Shechem gathered together with all the house of Mello, and went and made Abimelech king at a certain oak that was by Shechem.
And all the people that were in the gate, and the elders, said "We are witnesses: the LORD make the woman that is come into thine house like Rachel and Lea, which twain did build the house of Israel: that she may do virtuously in Ephrata, and be famous in Bethlehem,
And now when thou art departed from me, thou shalt meet two men by Rachel's sepulchre in the borders of Benjamin, even at Zelzah. And they will say unto thee, "The asses which thou wentest to seek, are found; see, thy father hath left the care of the asses and sorroweth for you, saying, 'What shall I do for my son?'"
of the Syrians, the Moabites, the children of Ammon, the Philistines, the Amalekites, and of the spoil of Hadadezer, son of Rehob, king of Zobah.
And he put keepers in Edom, even throughout all Edom put he soldiers; and all Edom became his servants. And the LORD kept David whatsoever he took in hand.
And Rehoboam went to Shechem: for all Israel were come to Shechem to make him king.
And so the Edomites slipped away from under the hand of Judah unto this day. And then Libnah slipped away too, even that same time.
And when Manasseh was laid to rest with his fathers, they buried him in his own house: and Amon his son reigned in his room.
that he may be arrayed with the royal garments which the king useth to wear: and the horse that the king rideth upon, and that the crown royal may be set upon his head. And let this raiment and horse be delivered under the hand of one of the king's princes, that he may array the man withal, whom the king would fain honour: and carry him upon the horse through the streets of the city, and cause it to be proclaimed before him, 'Thus shall it be done to every man, whom the king would fain honour.'" read more. The king said, "Make haste, and take, as thou hath said, the raiment and the horse: and do even so with Mordecai the Jew that sitteth before the king's gate; and let nothing fail of all that thou hast spoken."
and set thy judges again as they were sometime, and thy Senators as they were from the beginning. Then shalt thou be called the righteous city, the faithful city.
and thine ears hearken to his word that cryeth after thee and sayeth, "This is the way. Walk ye in it. Turn not aside; neither to the righthand nor to the left."
and that their spoil may be gathered, as the grasshoppers are commonly gathered together into the pit.
His eyes shall see the king in his glory, and in the wide world;
For the LORD is angry with all people, and his displeasure is kindled against all the multitude of them, to curse them and to slay them:
That I might give unto them that mourn in Zion, beauty in the stead of ashes, joyful ointment for sighing, pleasant raiment for a heavy mind; That they might be called excellent in righteousness, a planting of the LORD for him to rejoice in.
Thus sayeth the LORD, "The voice of heaviness, weeping and lamentation was heard on the hills; even of Rachel mourning for her children, and would not be comforted, because they were not."
He took his brother by the heel, when he was yet in his mother's womb: and in his strength he wrestled with God.
He took his brother by the heel, when he was yet in his mother's womb: and in his strength he wrestled with God. He strove with the angel, and gat the victory: so that he prayed and desired him. He found him at Bethel, and there he talked with us.
Jacob fled into the land of Syria, and Israel served for a wife, and for a wife he kept sheep.
And thou Bethlehem Ephrata, art little among the thousands of Judah: Out of thee shall come one, unto me, which shall be the governour in Israel: whose outgoing hath been from the beginning, and from everlasting.
Then came he to a city of Samaria called Sychar, beside the possession that Jacob gave to his son Joseph, and there was Jacob's well. Jesus, then wearied in his journey, sat thus on the well. And it was about the sixth hour:
Art thou greater than our father Jacob, which gave us the well, and he himself drank thereof and his children and his cattle?"
But when Jacob heard that there was corn in Egypt, he sent our fathers first,
Then sent Joseph and caused his father to be brought, and all his kin: three score and fifteen souls.
and were translated into Shechem, and were put in the sepulchre that Abraham bought for money of the sons of Hamor, at Shechem.
yer the children were born, when they had neither done good neither bad - that the purpose of God, which is by election, might stand - it was said unto her, not by the reason of works, but by grace of the caller, "The elder shall serve the younger." read more. As it is written, "Jacob he loved, but Esau he hated."
By faith Jacob, when he was a dying, blessed both the sons of Joseph, and bowed himself toward the top of his scepter.
Morish
Jacob. Ja'cob
Son of Isaac and Rebekah. Though a twin, he is called 'the younger,' being born after Esau. Before the children were born it was said, "the elder shall serve the younger." The promises made by God to Abraham were thus confirmed to Jacob, as they had been to Isaac. When they grew up, Esau became a hunter, whereas Jacob was a peaceful man, dwelling in tents. Isaac loved Esau, and Rebekah loved Jacob. The typical character of these three patriarchs has been described thus: "In general, Abraham is the root of all promise, and the picture of the life of faith; Isaac is a type of the heavenly Man, who receives the church; and Jacob represents Israel as heir of the promises according to the flesh." The difference may be seen by comparing Ge 22:17 ('stars ' and 'sand'), with Ge 26:4 ('stars' only), and Ge 28:14 ('dust of the earth' only).
Though Jacob was heir of the promises, and valued God's blessing in a selfish manner, he sought it not by faith, but tried in an evil and mean way to obtain it: first in buying the birthright when his brother was at the point of death; and then, in obtaining the blessing from his father by lying and deceit: a blessing which would surely have been his in God's way if he had waited: cf. Ge 48:14-20.
Jacob had then to become a wanderer; but God was faithful to him, and spoke to him, not openly as to Abraham, but in a dream. The ladder reaching to heaven, and the angels ascending and descending on it, showed that he on earth was the object of heaven's care. The promises as to the land being possessed by his descendants, and all nations being blessed in his Seed, were confirmed to him, with this difference that in connection with the latter promise it says "in thee and in thy seed," because it includes the earthly blessings to his seed in the millennium. God also said He would keep Jacob wherever he went, and bring him back to the promised land. Jacob called the place Beth-el, saying that it was the house of God, and the gate of heaven. It is figurative of Israel's position, not in heaven, but the 'gate' is theirs. He made a vow that if God would bless him and bring him back in peace, Jehovah should be his God. This was not the language of faith.
Jacob, who had tricked his brother, was treated in a similar way by Laban, and Leah was given to him as wife instead of Rachel, though he had Rachel, the one he loved, afterwards. He had not learnt to trust God, but used subtle ways to increase his possessions; and he also was dealt with in a like manner, having his wages changed 'ten times.' But God was watching over him and bade him return to the land of his fathers; and when Laban pursued after him, God warned him in a dream not to speak to Jacob either good or bad. They made a covenant together, and each went his way.
Immediately afterwards the angels of God met Jacob, and he recognised them as 'God's host.' Then he had to meet Esau, and doubtless conscience smote him, for he was greatly alarmed. He prayed to God for help, yet was full of plans, sending presents to appease his brother, and
dividing his people into two bands, so that if one of them were smitten, the other might escape. When he was alone God took him in hand: a 'man' (called 'the angel' in Ho 12:4) wrestled with him. He was lamed, yet he clung, and in faith said, "I will not let thee go, except thou bless me." He was accounted a victor, and his name was changed from Jacob to ISRAEL: "for as a prince hast thou power with God and with men, and hast prevailed." God did not yet make known His name to him.
God protected him from Esau, as He had from Laban: they kissed each other and wept. He then feigned that he would follow Esau to Seir, but turned aside to Shechem, where he bought the portion of a field, thus settling down for his own ease in the midst of the Canaanites, instead of going to Beth-el, God's house, from whence he had started. His peace was soon disturbed by his daughter Dinah going to see the daughters of the land, and being dishonoured, which was avenged by the slaughter of the Shechemites by his sons Simeon and Levi, bringing Jacob into great fear.
God used this humiliating sorrow to discipline Jacob, and recover him to his true calling. He therefore bade Jacob go to Beth-el, and make an altar there. This disclosed a sad state of things: he had to meet God, and must purify himself, and his household must put away their strange gods. He built an altar and called it, 'El-beth-el;' 'the God of Bethel.' God renewed His promises and revealed Himself to Jacob as GOD ALMIGHTY.
Jacob loved Joseph more than all his other sons, which caused them to hate Joseph; they also hated him for the communications given to him through dreams, and eventually sold him to the Ishmeelites. Again Jacob was dealt with deceitfully; his sons pretended that they had found Joseph's coat stained with blood, and Jacob was greatly distressed. But God was watching and overruling all for good. When Jacob and his household arrived in Egypt, he as a prince of God blessed Pharaoh king of Egypt. He lived in Egypt seventeen years, and died at the good old age of 147.
Jacob at the close of his life rose up to the height of God's thoughts, and by faith blessed the two sons of Joseph, being led of God to cross his hands, and gave the richest blessing to Ephraim. Then, as a true prophet of God, he called all his sons before him, and blessed them, with an appropriate prophecy as to the historical future of each (considered under each of the sons' names). He fell asleep, and his body was embalmed and carried into Palestine to lie with those of Abraham and Isaac.
Jacob being named ISRAEL led to his descendants being called the CHILDREN OF ISRAEL. They are however frequently addressed as 'JACOB,' or 'house of Jacob,' as if they had not preserved the higher character involved in the name of 'Israel,' but must be addressed by the natural name of their forefather, Jacob. Gen. 25
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that I will bless thee and multiply thy seed as the stars of heaven and as the sand upon the sea side. And thy seed shall possess the gates of his enemies.
and will multiply thy seed as the stars of heaven, and will give unto thy seed all these countries. And through thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed,
And thy seed shall be as the dust of the earth: And thou shalt spread abroad: west, east, north and south. And through thee and thy seed shall all the kindreds of the earth be blessed.
And Israel stretched out his righthand and laid it upon Ephraim's head which was the younger, and his lefthand upon Manasseh's head, crossing his hands; for Manasseh was the elder. And he blessed Joseph saying, "God before whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac did walk, and the God which hath fed me all my life long unto this day; read more. And the angel which hath delivered me from all evil, bless these lads: that they may be called after my name, and after my father Abraham and Isaac, and that they may grow and multiply upon the earth." When Joseph saw that his father laid his right hand upon the head of Ephraim, it displeased him. And he lift up his father's hand, to have removed it from Ephraim's head unto Manasseh's head, and said unto his father, "Not so my father, for this is the eldest. Put thy righthand upon his head." And his father would not, but said, "I know it well my son, I know it well. He shall be also a people and shall be great. But of a truth his younger brother shall be greater than he, and his seed shall be full of people." And he blessed them, saying, "At the example of these, the Israelites shall bless and say, 'God make thee as Ephraim and as Manasseh.'" Thus set he Ephraim before Manasseh.
He strove with the angel, and gat the victory: so that he prayed and desired him. He found him at Bethel, and there he talked with us.
Eliud begat Eleazar; Eleazar begat Matthan; Matthan begat Jacob; Jacob begat Joseph the husband of Mary, of whom was born that Jesus, that is called Christ.
Smith
Ja'cob
(supplanter), the second son of Isaac and Rebekah. He was born with Esau, probably at the well of Lahai-roi, about B.C. 1837. His history is related in the latter half of the book of Genesis. He bought the birthright from his brother Esau, and afterward acquired the blessing intended for Esau, by practicing a well-known deceit on Isaac. (Jacob did not obtain the blessing because of his deceit, but in spite of it. That which was promised he would have received in some good way; but Jacob and his mother, distrusting God's promise, sought the promised blessing in a wrong way, and received with it trouble and sorrow. --ED.) Jacob, in his 78th year, was sent from the family home to avoid his brother, and to seek a wife among his kindred in Padan-aram. As he passed through Bethel, God appeared to him. After the lapse of twenty-one years he returned from Padan-aram with two wives, two concubines, eleven sons and a daughter, and large property. He escaped from the angry pursuit of Laban, from a meeting with Esau, and from the vengeance of the Canaanites provoked by the murder of Shechem; and in each of these three emergencies he was aided and strengthened by the interposition of God, and in sign of the grace won by a night of wrestling with God his name was changed at Jabbok into Israel. Deborah and Rachel died before he reached Hebron; Joseph, the favorite son of Jacob, was sold into Egypt eleven years before the death of Isaac; and Jacob had probably exceeded his 130th year when he went tither. He was presented to Pharaoh, and dwelt for seventeen years in Rameses and Goshen, and died in his 147th year. His body was embalmed, carried with great care and pomp into the land of Canaan, and deposited with his fathers, and his wife Leah, in the cave of Machpelah. The example of Jacob is quoted by the first and the last of the minor prophets. Besides the frequent mention of his name in conjunction with the names of the other two patriarchs, there are distinct references to the events in the life of Jacob in four books of the New Testament -
Joh 1:51; 4:5,12; Ac 7:12,16; Ro 9:11-13; Heb 11:21; 12:16
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And he said unto him, "Verily, verily, I say unto you, Hereafter shall ye see heaven open, and the angels of God ascending, and descending over the son of man."
Then came he to a city of Samaria called Sychar, beside the possession that Jacob gave to his son Joseph,
Art thou greater than our father Jacob, which gave us the well, and he himself drank thereof and his children and his cattle?"
But when Jacob heard that there was corn in Egypt, he sent our fathers first,
and were translated into Shechem, and were put in the sepulchre that Abraham bought for money of the sons of Hamor, at Shechem.
yer the children were born, when they had neither done good neither bad - that the purpose of God, which is by election, might stand - it was said unto her, not by the reason of works, but by grace of the caller, "The elder shall serve the younger." read more. As it is written, "Jacob he loved, but Esau he hated."
By faith Jacob, when he was a dying, blessed both the sons of Joseph, and bowed himself toward the top of his scepter.
and that there be no fornicator, or unclean person, as Esau, which for one breakfast sold his birthright.
Watsons
JACOB, the son of Isaac and Rebekah. He was the younger brother of Esau, and a twin. It was observed, that at his birth he held his brother Esau's heel, and for this reason was called Jacob, Ge 25:26, which signifies "he supplanted." Jacob was of a meek and peaceable temper, and loved a quiet pastoral life; whereas Esau was of a fierce and turbulent nature, and was fond of hunting. Isaac had a particular fondness for Esau; but Rebekah was more attached to Jacob. The manner in which Jacob purchased his brother's birthright for a mess of pottage, and supplanted him by obtaining Isaac's blessing, is already referred to in the article ESAU.
The events of the interesting and chequered life of Jacob are so plainly and consecutively narrated by Moses, that they are familiar to all; but upon some of them a few remarks may be useful. As to the purchase of the birthright, Jacob appears to have been innocent so far as any guile on his part, or real necessity from hunger on the part of Esau, is involved in the question; but his obtaining the ratification of this by the blessing of Isaac though agreeable, indeed, to the purpose of God, that the elder should serve the younger, was blamable as to the means employed. The remarks of Dr. Hales on this transaction implicate Isaac also:
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And afterward his brother came out, and his hand holding Esau by the heel. Wherefore his name was called Jacob. And Isaac was forty years old when she bare them:
And it came to pass that Isaac waxed old and his eyes were dim, so that he could not see. Then called he Esau, his eldest son, and said unto him, "My son." And he said unto him, "Here am I." And he said, "Behold, I am old and know not the day of my death: read more. Now therefore take thy weapons, thy quiver and thy bow, and get thee to the fields, and take me some venison, and make me meat such as I love, and bring it me and let me eat that my soul may bless thee before that I die." But Rebekah heard when Isaac spoke to Esau his son. And as soon as Esau was gone to the field to catch venison, and to bring it, she spake unto Jacob her son, saying, "Behold, I have heard thy father talking with Esau thy brother, and saying, 'bring me venison and make me meat, that I may eat and bless thee before the LORD yer I die.' Now therefore, my son, hear my voice in that which I command thee: get thee to the flock, and bring me thence two good kids, and I will make meat of them for thy father, such as he loveth. And thou shalt bring it to thy father and he shall eat, that he may bless thee before his death." Then said Jacob to Rebekah his mother, "Behold, Esau my brother is rough and I am smooth. My father shall peradventure feel me, and I shall seem unto him as though I went about to beguile him, and so shall he bring a curse upon me and not a blessing." And his mother said unto him, "Upon me be thy curse, my son, only hear my voice, and go and fetch me them." And Jacob went and fetched them and brought them to his mother. And his mother made meat of them, according as his father loved. And she went and fetched goodly raiment of her eldest son Esau which she had in the house with her, and put them upon Jacob her youngest son, and she put the skins upon his hands and upon the smooth of his neck. And she put the meat and bread which she had made in the hand of her son Jacob. And he went in to his father saying, "My father." And he answered, "Here am I, who art thou my son?" And Jacob said unto his father, "I am Esau, thy eldest son. I have done according as thou baddest me: up and sit and eat of my venison, that thy soul may bless me." But Isaac said unto his son, "How cometh it that thou hast found it so quickly my son?" He answered, "The LORD thy God brought it to my hand." Then said Isaac unto Jacob, "Come near and let me feel thee my son, whether thou be my son Esau or not." Then went Jacob to Isaac his father, and he felt him and said the voice is Jacob's voice, but the hands are the hands of Esau. And he knew him not, because his hands were rough as his brother Esau's hands and so he blessed him. And he asked him, "Art thou my son Esau?" And he said, "That I am." Then said he, "Bring me and let me eat of my son's venison, that my soul may bless thee." And he brought him, and he ate. And he brought him wine also, and he drank. And his father Isaac said unto him, "Come near and kiss me my son." And he went to him and kissed him. And he smelled the savour of his raiment and blessed him, and said, "See, the smell of my son is as the smell of a field which the LORD hath blessed. God give thee of the dew of heaven, and of the fatness of the earth and plenty of corn and wine. People be thy servants, and nations bow unto thee. Be lord over thy brethren, and thy mother's children stoop unto thee. Cursed be he that curseth thee, and blessed be he that blesseth thee."
Then said he, "He may well be called Jacob, for he hath undermined me now two times - first he took away my birthright; and see, now hath he taken away my blessing also." And he said, "Hast thou kept never a blessing for me?" Isaac answered and said unto Esau, "Behold, I have made him thy lord, and all his mother's children have I made his servants. Moreover, with corn and wine have I established him. What can I do unto thee now my son?" read more. And Esau said unto his father, "Hast thou but that one blessing my father? Bless me also, my father!" So lifted up Esau his voice and wept. Then Isaac his father answered and said unto him, "Behold, thy dwelling place shall have of the fatness of the earth, and of the dew of heaven from above. And with thy sword shalt thou live and shalt be thy brother's servant; But the time will come, when thou shalt get the mastery, and loose his yoke from off thy neck."
And with thy sword shalt thou live and shalt be thy brother's servant; But the time will come, when thou shalt get the mastery, and loose his yoke from off thy neck." And Esau hated Jacob, because of the blessing that his father blessed him withal, and said in his heart, "The days of my father's sorrow are at hand, for I will slay my brother Jacob." read more. And these words of Esau her eldest son, were told to Rebekah. And she sent and called Jacob her youngest son, and said unto him, "Behold, thy brother Esau threateneth to kill thee. Now therefore my son hear my voice, make thee ready, and flee to Laban my brother at Haran: And tarry with him a while, until thy brother's fierceness be assuaged,
Then Isaac called Jacob his son and blessed him, and charged him and said unto him, "See thou take not a wife of the daughters of Canaan, but arise and get thee to Mesopotamia, to the house of Bethuel thy mother's father: and there take thee a wife of the daughters of Laban, thy mother's brother. read more. And God almighty bless thee, increase thee, and multiply thee that thou mayest be a number of people, and give thee the blessing of Abraham: both to thee and to thy seed with thee, that thou mayest possess the land - wherein thou art a stranger - which God gave unto Abraham."
and that Jacob had obeyed his father and mother, and was gone unto Mesopotamia:
Jacob departed from Beersheba and went toward Haran, and came unto a place and tarried there all night, because the son was down. And took a stone of the place, and put it under his head, and laid him down in the same place to sleep. read more. And he dreamed: and behold there stood a ladder upon the earth, and the top of it reached up to heaven. And see, the angels of God went up and down upon it. Yea, and the LORD stood upon it and said, "I am the LORD God of Abraham thy father and the God of Isaac: The land which thou sleepest upon will I give thee and thy seed. And thy seed shall be as the dust of the earth: And thou shalt spread abroad: west, east, north and south. And through thee and thy seed shall all the kindreds of the earth be blessed. And see, I am with thee, and will be thy keeper in all places whither thou goest, and will bring thee again into this land: Neither will I leave thee; until I have made good all that I have promised thee." When Jacob was awaked out of his sleep, he said, "Surely the LORD is in this place, and I was not aware." And he was afraid, and said, "How fearful is this place? It is none other, but even the house of God and the gate of heaven!" And Jacob stood up early in the morning and took the stone that he had laid under his head, and pitched it up on end, and poured oil on the top of it. And he called the name of the place Bethel, for indeed the name of the city was called Luz before time. And Jacob vowed a vow, saying, "If God will be with me and will keep me in this journey which I go and will give me bread to eat, and clothes to put on, so that I come again unto my father's house in safety: then shall the LORD be my God, and this stone which I have set up on end, shall be God's house. And of all that thou shalt give me, will I give the tenth unto thee."
Moreover, by day the heat consumed me, and the cold by night, and my sleep departed from mine eyes.
I am not worthy of the least of all the mercies and truth which thou hast showed unto thy servant. For with my staff came I over this Jordan, and now have I gotten two droves.
And he went before them and fell on the ground seven times, until he came unto his brother. Esau ran to meet him, and embraced him, and fell on his neck and kissed him, and they wept.
Esau ran to meet him, and embraced him, and fell on his neck and kissed him, and they wept. And he lift up his eyes and saw the wives and their children, and said, "What are these which thou there hast?" And he said, "They are the children which God hath given thy servant." read more. Then came the maidens forth, and did their obeisance. Lea also and her children came and did their obeisance. And last of all came Joseph and Rachel and did their obeisance. And he said, "What meanest thou with all the droves which I met?" And he answered, "To find grace in the sight of my lord." And Esau said, "I have enough my brother, keep that thou hast unto thyself." Jacob answered, "O nay, but if I have found grace in thy sight, receive my present of my hand: for I have seen thy face as though I had seen the face of God: wherefore receive me to grace and take my blessing that I have brought thee, for God hath given it me freely. And I have enough of all things." And so he compelled him to take it. And he said, "Let us take our journey and go, and I will go in thy company." And he said unto him, "My lord knoweth that I have tender children, ewes and cows with young, under mine hand, which if men should overdrive but even one day, the whole flock would die. Let my lord therefore go before his servant and I will drive fair and softly, according as the cattle that goeth before me and the children, be able to endure: until I come to my lord unto Seir." And Esau said, "Let me yet leave some of my folk with thee." And he said, "What needeth it? Let me find grace in the sight of my lord."
Then Jacob went unto Isaac his father to Mamre, a principal city, otherwise called Hebron: where Abraham and Isaac sojourned as strangers.
and Joseph went and told Pharaoh, and said, "My father and my brethren, their sheep and their beasts and all that they have, are come out of the land of Canaan and are in the land of Goshen." And Joseph took a part of his brethren: even five of them, and presented them unto Pharaoh. read more. And Pharaoh said unto his brethren, "What is your occupation?" And they said unto Pharaoh, "Feeders of sheep are thy servants, both we and also our fathers." They said moreover unto Pharaoh, "For to sojourn in the land are we come, for thy servants have no pasture for their sheep, so sore is the famishment in the land of Canaan. Now therefore let thy servants dwell in the land of Goshen." And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, "Thy father and thy brethren are come unto thee. The land of Egypt is open before thee: In the best place of the land make both thy father and thy brethren dwell. And even in the land of Goshen let them dwell. Moreover, if thou know any men of activity among them, make them rulers over my cattle." And Joseph brought in Jacob his father and set him before Pharaoh. And Jacob blessed Pharaoh. And Pharaoh asked Jacob, "How old art thou?" And Jacob said unto Pharaoh, "The days of my pilgrimage are a hundred and thirty years. Few and evil have the days of my life been, and have not attained unto the years of the life of my fathers in the days of their pilgrimages."
And Jacob said unto Pharaoh, "The days of my pilgrimage are a hundred and thirty years. Few and evil have the days of my life been, and have not attained unto the years of the life of my fathers in the days of their pilgrimages." And Jacob blessed Pharaoh and went out from him.
Moreover, I give unto thee a portion of land above thy brethren which I gat out of the hands of the Amorites with my sword and with my bow."
And Jacob called for his sons and said, "Come together, that I may tell you what shall happen you in the last days. Gather you together and hear ye sons of Jacob, and hearken unto Israel your father.
The scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor a ruler from between his legs, until Shiloh come, unto whom the people shall hearken.
When Jacob had commanded all that he would unto his sons, he plucked up his feet upon the bed and died, and was put unto his people.
And Joseph fell upon his father's face, and wept upon him, and kissed him. And Joseph commanded his servants that were physicians, to embalm his father, and the physicians embalmed Israel forty days long, read more. for so long doth the embalming last, and the Egyptians bewept him seventy days. And when the days of weeping were ended, Joseph spake unto the house of Pharaoh, saying, "If I have found favour in your eyes, speak unto Pharaoh and tell him, how that my father made me swear and said, 'Lo, I die, see that thou bury me in my grave which I have made me in the land of Canaan.' Now therefore let me go and bury my father, and then will I come again." And Pharaoh said, "Go and bury thy father, according as he made thee swear." And Joseph went up to bury his father, and with him went all the servants of Pharaoh that were the elders of his house, and all the elders of Egypt, and all the house of Joseph and his brethren and his father's house: only their children and their sheep and their cattle left they behind them in the land of Goshen. And there went with him also Chariots and horsemen: so that they were an exceeding great company. And when they came to the field of Atad beyond Jordan, there they made great and exceeding sore lamentation. And he mourned for his father seven days. When the inhabiters of the land the Canaanites saw the mourning in the field of Atad, they said, "This is a great mourning which the Egyptians make." Wherefore the name of the place is called Abelmizraim, which place lieth beyond Jordan.
In his days the Edomites departed from under the hand of Judah and made them a king. And Jehoram went forth with his lords and all his chariots with him and rose by night and laid on the Edomites - Which compassed him in, and the captains of his chariots. read more. And so Edom departed from under the hand of Judah unto this day. That same time also did Libnah depart from under his power, because he left the LORD God of his fathers.
Then said Pilate unto them, "Take ye him unto you, and judge him after your own law." Then the Jews said unto him, "It is not lawful for us to put any man to death."