Reference: Agriculture
Easton
Tilling the ground (Ge 2:15; 4:2-3,12) and rearing cattle were the chief employments in ancient times. The Egyptians excelled in agriculture. And after the Israelites entered into the possession of the Promised Land, their circumstances favoured in the highest degree a remarkable development of this art. Agriculture became indeed the basis of the Mosaic commonwealth.
Illustration: Eastern Agriculture
The year in Palestine was divided into six agricultural periods:-
I. SOWING TIME.
Tisri, latter half
(beginning about the autumnal equinox.)
Marchesvan.
Kisleu, former half.
Early rain due = first showers of autumn.
II. UNRIPE TIME.
Kisleu, latter half.
Tebet.
Sebat, former half.
III. COLD SEASON.
Sebat, latter half.
Adar.
[Veadar.]
Nisan, former half.
Latter rain due (De 11:14; Jer 5:24; Ho 6:3; Zec 10:1; Jas 5:7; Job 29:23).
IV. HARVEST TIME.
Nisan, latter half.
(Beginning about vernal equinox. Barley green. Passover.)
Ijar.
Sivan, former half., Wheat ripe. Pentecost.
V. SUMMER (total absence of rain)
Sivan, latter half.
Tammuz.
Ab, former half.
VI. SULTRY SEASON
Ab, latter half.
Elul.
Tisri, former half., Ingathering of fruits.
The six months from the middle of Tisri to the middle of Nisan were occupied with the work of cultivation, and the rest of the year mainly with the gathering in of the fruits. The extensive and easily-arranged system of irrigation from the rills and streams from the mountains made the soil in every part of Palestine richly productive (Ps 1:3; 65:10; Pr 21:1; Isa 30:25; 32:2,20; Ho 12:11), and the appliances of careful cultivation and of manure increased its fertility to such an extent that in the days of Solomon, when there was an abundant population, "20,000 measures of wheat year by year" were sent to Hiram in exchange for timber (1Ki 5:11), and in large quantities also wheat was sent to the Tyrians for the merchandise in which they traded (Eze 27:17). The wheat sometimes produced an hundredfold (Ge 26:12; Mt 13:23). Figs and pomegranates were very plentiful (Nu 13:23), and the vine and the olive grew luxuriantly and produced abundant fruit (De 33:24).
Lest the productiveness of the soil should be exhausted, it was enjoined that the whole land should rest every seventh year, when all agricultural labour would entirely cease (Le 25:1-7; De 15:1-10).
It was forbidden to sow a field with divers seeds (De 22:9). A passer-by was at liberty to eat any quantity of corn or grapes, but he was not permitted to carry away any (De 23:24-25; Mt 12:1). The poor were permitted to claim the corners of the fields and the gleanings. A forgotten sheaf in the field was to be left also for the poor. (See Le 19:9-10; De 24:19.)
Agricultural implements and operations.
The sculptured monuments and painted tombs of Egypt and Assyria throw much light on this subject, and on the general operations of agriculture. Ploughs of a simple construction were known in the time of Moses (De 22:10; comp. Job 1:14). They were very light, and required great attention to keep them in the ground (Lu 9:62). They were drawn by oxen (Job 1:14), cows (1Sa 6:7), and asses (Isa 30:24); but an ox and an ass must not be yoked together in the same plough (De 22:10). Men sometimes followed the plough with a hoe to break the clods (Isa 28:24). The oxen were urged on by a "goad," or long staff pointed at the end, so that if occasion arose it could be used as a spear also (Jg 3:31; 1Sa 13:21).
Illustration: Ploughing
When the soil was prepared, the seed was sown broadcast over the field (Mt 13:3-8). The "harrow" mentioned in Job 39:10 was not used to cover the seeds, but to break the clods, being little more than a thick block of wood. In highly irrigated spots the seed was trampled in by cattle (Isa 32:20); but doubtless there was some kind of harrow also for covering in the seed scattered in the furrows of the field.
The reaping of the corn was performed either by pulling it up by the roots, or cutting it with a species of sickle, according to circumstances. The corn when cut was generally put up in sheaves (Ge 37:7; Le 23:10-15; Ru 2:7,15; Job 24:10; Jer 9:22; Mic 4:12), which were afterwards gathered to the threshing-floor or stored in barns (Mt 6:26).
The process of threshing was performed generally by spreading the sheaves on the threshing-floor and causing oxen and cattle to tread repeatedly over them (De 25:4; Isa 28:28). On occasions flails or sticks were used for this purpose (Ru 2:17; Isa 28:27). There was also a "threshing instrument" (Isa 41:15; Am 1:3) which was drawn over the corn. It was called by the Hebrews a moreg, a threshing roller or sledge (2Sa 24:22; 1Ch 21:23; Isa 3:15). It was somewhat like the Roman tribulum, or threshing instrument.
When the grain was threshed, it was winnowed by being thrown up against the wind (Jer 4:11), and afterwards tossed with wooden scoops (Isa 30:24). The shovel and the fan for winnowing are mentioned in Ps 35:5; Job 21:18; Isa 17:13. The refuse of straw and chaff was burned (Isa 5:24). Freed from impurities, the grain was then laid up in granaries till used (De 28:8; Pr 3:10; Mt 6:26; 13:30; Lu 12:18).
See Verses Found in Dictionary
So Yahweh God took the man, - and placed him in the garden of Eden, to till it and to keeps it.
And she went on to hear his brother, Abel, - and Abel became a feeder of sheep, whereas Cain, was a tiller of the round. So it came to pass, after certain days, that Cain brought in of the fruit of the ground, a present to Yahweh:
Though thou till the ground, it shall not go on to give its vigour to thee. A wanderer and a fugitive, shalt thou be in the earth.
And Isaac sowed in that land, and found in the same year, a hundredfold, - seeing that Yahweh had blessed him.
Lo! then, we, were binding sheaves in the midst of the field, when lo my sheaf rose up, yea and took its stand, - and lo! round about came your sheaves, and bowed themselves down to my sheaf.
And when ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not wholly clear the border of thy field, in reaping, - nor shalt thou gather up the gleaning of thy harvest. And, thy vineyard, shalt thou not go over again, nor gather, every single grape: for the poor and for the sojourner, shalt thou leave them, I - Yahweh, am your God.
Speak unto the sons of Israel, and thou shalt say unto them: - When ye enter into the land which, I, am giving you, and ye reap the harvest thereof, then shall ye bring in a sheaf of the first-ripe corn of your harvest, unto the priest; and he shall wave the sheaf before Yahweh, that ye may be accepted, - on the morrow of the sabbath, shall the priest wave it. read more. And ye shall offer on the day when ye wave the sheaf, a he-lamb without defect, the finest of its year for an ascending-sacrifice unto Yahweh; and the, meal-offering thereof shall be two-tenth parts of fine meal overflowed with oil, as an altar-flame unto Yahweh a satisfying odour, - and, the drink-offering thereof, shall be mine, the fourth of a hin. And neither bread, nor roasted corn, nor garden-land grain, shall ye eat, until this selfsame day, until ye have brought in the oblation of your God, - an age-abiding statute unto your generations, in all your dwellings. Then shall ye keep count to yourselves from the morrow of the sabbath, from the day ye brought in the wave sheaf, - seven sabbaths complete, shall there be:
And Yahweh spake unto Moses in Mount Sinai, saying - Speak unto the sons of Israel, and thou shalt say unto them: - When ye enter into the land which, I, am giving you, then shall the land keep a sabbath unto Yahweh. read more. Six years, shalt thou sow thy field, and, six years, shalt thou prune thy vineyard, - and gather the increase thereof; but, in the seventh year - a sabbath of sacred rest, shall there be unto the land, a sabbath unto Yahweh: thy field, shalt thou not sow, and, thy vineyard, shalt thou not prune; that which groweth of itself of thy harvest, shalt thou not reap; and the grapes of thine unpruned vines, shalt thou not cut off: a year of sacred rest, shall there be to the land. So shall the sabbath of the land be unto you for food: unto thee, and unto thy servant and unto thy handmaid, - and unto thy hireling, and unto thy settlers that are sojourning with thee; and unto thy tame-beasts, and unto the wild-beasts that are in thy land, shall belong all the increase thereof for food.
And they entered as far as the ravine of Eschol, and cut down, from thence a branch with one cluster of gropes, and bare it on a pole between two, - also of the pomegranates and of the figs.
then saith he I will give the rain of your land in it season, the early rain and the latter rain; so shalt thou gather in thy corn, and thy new wine and thine oil;
At the end of seven years, shalt thou make a release. And, this, shall be the manner of the release, Every creditor who lendeth aught to his neighbour, his hand shall release it, - he shall not exact it of his neighbour or his brother, because there hath been proclaimed a release unto Yahweh. read more. Of a foreigner, thou mayest exact it, - but, what thou hast with thy brother, thy hand shall release; save, when there shall be among you no needy person, - for Yahweh will indeed bless, thee, in the land which Yahweh thy God is giving unto thee as an inheritance to possess it: only if thou do hearken unto the voice of Yahweh thy God, - to observe to do - all this commandment which I am commanding time to-day. When, Yahweh thy God, hath blessed thee, as he spake unto thee, then shalt thou lead unto many nations but thou, shalt not borrow, and, thou shalt rule over many nations but over thee, shall they not rule. When there cometh to be among you a needy person any one of thy brethren within any one of thy gates, in thy land, which Yahweh thy God is giving unto thee, thou shalt not harden thy heart nor shut thy hand from thy needy brother; but thou shalt, open, thy hand unto him, - and, lend, him enough to meet the poverty which doth impoverish him. Take thou heed to thyself lest there be something near thine abandoned heart, saying - Drawing nigh, is the seventh year the year of release, and so thine eye be evil, against thy needy brother, and thou give not unto him, - and he cry out against thee unto Yahweh, and it become in thee a sin! Thou shalt, give, unto him, and thy heart shall not be evil when thou givest unto him, - for on account of this very thing, will Yahweh thy God bless thee, in all that thou doest and in all whereunto thou puttest thy hand.
Thou shalt not sow thy vineyard with two sorts of seed, - lest the fulness of the seed which thou sowest, and the increase of thy vineyard be profaned. Thou shalt not plough with an ox and an ass together,
Thou shalt not plough with an ox and an ass together,
When thou enterest into the vineyard of thy neighbour, then mayest thou eat grapes at thy pleasure to thy fill,-but into thy vessel, shalt thou put none. When thou enterest the standing corn of thy neighbour, thou mayest pluck off ears with thy hand, - but a sickle, shalt thou not wield against the standing corn of thy neighbour.
When thou cuttest down thy harvest in thy field and forgettest a sheaf in the field, thou shalt not turn back to fetch it, to the sojourner, to the fatherless, and to the widow, shall it belong, - that Yahweh thy God, may bless thee, in all the Work of thy hands.
Thou shalt not muzzle an ox when he is treading out the corn.
Yahweh will command to be with thee the blessing, in thy storehouses and in all whereunto thou settest thy hand, - and will bless thee in the land which Yahweh thy God is giving unto thee:
And, of Asher, he said, Most blessed of sons, be Asher, - Let him have the goodwill of his brethren, And let him dip, in oil, his foot:
And, after him, was Shamgar, son of Anath, who smote of the Philistines, six hundred men, with an ox-goad, - and, he also, saved Israel.
and she said - Let me glean, I pray thee, and gather among the sheaves, after the reapers; so she came in, and hath continued from that time, all the morning until just now, and hath not rested in the house, for a little.
And, when she rose up to glean, Boaz commanded his young men, saying - Even between the sheaves, let her glean, and reproach her not;
So she gleaned in the field, until the evening, - and beat out that which she had gleaned, and there was about an ephah of barley.
Now, therefore, take and get ready, one new waggon, and two milch kine, whereon hath never come yoke, - then shall ye fasten the kine in the waggon, and withdraw their calves from them, into the shed;
Then said Araunah unto David, Let my lord the king accept it and cause to ascend what is good in his own eyes, - see! the oxen for the ascending-sacrifice, and the threshing-sledges and ox-yokes for wood.
and, Solomon, gave unto Hiram, twenty thousand measures of wheat, as food for his household, and twenty measures of beaten oil, - thus, used Solomon on to give unto Hiram, year by year.
And, a messenger, came in unto Job, and said, - The oxen, were plowing, and, the asses, feeding beside them;
And, a messenger, came in unto Job, and said, - The oxen, were plowing, and, the asses, feeding beside them;
They become as straw before the wind, and as chaff, which the storm stealeth away.
And they waited, as for rain, for me, and, their mouths, they opened wide for the spring-rain;
Canst thou bind the wild-ox, so that - with the ridge - shall run his cord? Or will he harrow the furrows after thee?
So doth he become like a tree planted by streams of waters, - that yieldeth, its fruit, in its season, whose leaf, also doth not wither, and, whatsoever he doeth, prospereth.
Let them be as chaff before the wind, with, the messenger of Yahweh, pressing them on:
The ridges thereof, drenching, Settling the furrows thereof, With myriad drops, dost thou soften it, The sprouting thereof, doth thou bless.
So shall thy storehouses be filled with plenty, and, with new wine, shall thy vats overflow.
Like channels of water, is the heart of a king, in the hand of Yahweh, - whithersoever he will, he turneth it.
What right have ye to crush my people, And the faces of the oppressed, to grind? Demandeth My Lord Yahweh of hosts - And Yahweh saith -
Therefore, As a tongue of fire, eateth up straw, And a flame reduceth, dry grass, to powder, Their root, like rottenness, shall become, And their blossom, like dust shall ascend, - Because they refused the law of Yahweh of hosts, And the utterance of the Holy One of Israel, they despised.
Though nations like the rushing of many waters, shall rush, Yet shall one rebuke him, And he shall flee far away, - And be chased As the chaff of the mountains before a wind, And as whirling stubble before a storm!
All day long, doth the plowman plow for sowing? Doth he continue laying open and harrowing his soil?
For not with a sledge, must, black coriander be threshed, Nor must, the wheel of a cart, on cummin, be turned, But with a staff, must fennel be eaten, And cummin with a rod: Bread-corn, must be crushed, - Yet would he not be evermore, threshing, it, So he hasteneth over it the wheel of his cart, with his horsemen, He crusheth it not!
And the oxen and the young asses that till the ground, salted provender, shall eat, which hath been winnowed with shovel or fan.
And the oxen and the young asses that till the ground, salted provender, shall eat, which hath been winnowed with shovel or fan. Then shall there be, On every lofty mountain and On every lifted bill, Channels, Conduits of water, - In the great day of slaughter, When the towers fall.
So shall each one become As a hiding-place from the wind And a covert from the storm, - As channels of water ill a dry place, As the shadow of a massive cliff in a weary land.
How happy are ye who sow beside all waters, - Who send forth the foot of the ox and the ass.
How happy are ye who sow beside all waters, - Who send forth the foot of the ox and the ass.
Lo! I have made of thee a new pointed threshing sledge, owning teeth, - Thou shalt thresh mountains and crush them, And, hills - like chaff, shalt thou make:
At that time, shall it be said of this people and of Jerusalem, - The sharp wind of the bare heights in the desert, cometh towards the daughter of my people, - not to winnow nor to cleanse.
Neither have they said in their heart, - Let us we pray you, revere Yahweh our God, Who giveth rain, even the early and the latter, in its season, - The appointed weeks of harvest, he reserveth for us.
Speak thou, Thus, declareth Yahweh, So shall fall the dead bodies of men, Like dung heaps on the face of the field, - And like swaths after the harvestman, With none to gather.
Judah and the land of Israel, They, were merchants of thine, - With the wheat of Minnith and the sweets of pannag and honey and oil and balsam, Shared they in thy barter:
Then let us know - let us press on to know - Yahweh, Like the dawn, is his coming forth assured, - that he may come like a down-pour upon us, like the harvest-rain, and the seed-rain of the land.
If, Gilead, is in sorrow, surely false, have they been, In Gilgal, have they sacrificed, bullocks, - their very altars, shall become as heaps upon the furrows of the field.
Thus, saith Yahweh, Because of three transgressions of Damascus, and because of four, will I not turn it back, - Because, with threshing instruments of iron, they have threshed Gilead.
But, they, know not the purposes of Yahweh, neither have they discerned his counsel, - for he hath gathered them, as sheaves, to a threshing-floor.
Ask ye from Yahweh rain, in the time of the latter rain, Yahweh, who causeth flashes of lightning, - and, rain in abundant showers, giveth he unto them, to every man, herbage in the field;
Observe intently, the birds of the heaven, - that they neither sow, nor reap, nor gather into barns, and yet, your heavenly Father, feedeth, them: Are no, ye, much better than, they?
Observe intently, the birds of the heaven, - that they neither sow, nor reap, nor gather into barns, and yet, your heavenly Father, feedeth, them: Are no, ye, much better than, they?
In that season, went Jesus, on, the sabbath, through the cornfields, - and, his disciples, hungered, and began to pluck ears of corn, and to eat.
And he spake unto them many things, in parables, saying: Lo! the sower went forth to sow, - and, as he sowed, some, indeed, fell by the pathway, and, the birds, came, and devoured it; read more. And, some, fell on the rocky places, where it had not much earth, - and, straightway, it sprang up, because if had no depth of earth; and, the sun arising, it was scorched, and, because it had no root, it withered away; And, some, fell upon the thorns, and the thorns came up, and choked it; But, some, fell upon the good ground, and did yield fruit, - this, indeed a hundred fold, and, that, sixty, and, the other, thirty.
But, he on the good ground sown, the same, is he who doth hear and understand the word, who, indeed, beareth fruit and produceth, - this, a hundred, and, that, sixty, and, the other, thirty.
Suffer both to grow together until the harvest, and at, harvest time, I will say unto the reapers, - Collect ye first, the darnel, and bind it into bundles, with a view to the burning it up; but, the wheat, be gathering it into my barn.
But Jesus said unto him - No one, laying the hand on a plough and looking unto the things behind, is, fit, for the kingdom of God.
And he said - This, will I do, - I will pull down my barns, and, greater ones, build, and gather, there, all my wheat and good things;
Be patient, therefore, brethren, until the Presence of the Lord: - Lo! the husbandman, awaiteth the precious fruit of the earth, having patience for it, until it receive the early and the latter rain:
Fausets
While the patriarchs were in Canaan, they led a pastoral life, and little attended to tillage; Isaac and Jacob indeed tilled at times (Ge 26:12; 37:7), but the herdsmen strove with Isaac for his wells not for his crops. The wealth of Gerar and Shechem was chiefly pastoral (Ge 20:14; 34:28). The recurrence of famines and intercourse with Egypt taught the Canaanites subsequently to attend more to tillage, so that by the time of the spies who brought samples of the land's produce from Eshcol much progress had been made (De 8:8; Nu 13:23). Providence happily arranged it so that Israel, while yet a family, was kept by the pastoral life from blending with and settling among idolaters around. In Egypt the native prejudice against shepherds kept them separate in Goshen (Ge 47:4-6; 46:34). But there they unlearned the exclusively pastoral life and learned husbandry (De 11:10), while the deserts beyond supplied pasture for their cattle (1Ch 7:21).
On the other hand, when they became a nation, occupying Canaan, their agriculture learned in Egypt made them a self subsisting nation, independent of external supplies, and so less open to external corrupting influences. Agriculture was the basis of the Mosaic commonwealth; it checked the tendency to the roving habits of nomad tribes, gave each man a stake in the soil by the law of inalienable inheritances, and made a numerous offspring profitable as to the culture of the land. God claimed the lordship of the soil (Le 25:23), so that each held by a divine tenure; subject to the tithe, a quit rent to the theocratic head landlord, also subject to the sabbatical year. Accumulation of debt was obviated by prohibiting interest on principal lent to fellow citizens (Le 25:8-16,28-55). Every seventh, sabbatic year, or the year of Jubilee, every 50th year, lands alienated for a time reverted to the original owner.
Compare Isaiah's "woe" to them who "add field to field," clearing away families (1 Kings 21) to absorb all, as Ahab did to Naboth. Houses in towns, if not redeemed in a year, were alienated for ever; thus land property had an advantage over city property, an inducement to cultivate and reside on one's own land. The husband of an heiress passed by adoption into the family into which he married, so as not to alienate the land. The condition of military service was attached to the land, but with merciful qualifications (Deuteronomy 20); thus a national yeomanry of infantry, officered by its own hereditary chiefs, was secured. Horses were forbidden to be multiplied (De 17:16). Purificatory rites for a day after warfare were required (Nu 19:16; 31:19). These regulations, and that of attendance thrice a year at Jerusalem for the great feasts, discouraged the appetite for war. The soil is fertile still, wherever industry is secure. The Hauran (Peraea) is highly reputed for productiveness.
The soil of Gaza is dark and rich, though light, and retains rain; olives abound in it. The Israelites cleared away most of the wood which they found in Canaan (Jos 17:18), and seem to have had a scanty supply, as they imported but little; compare such extreme expedients for getting wood for sacrifice as in 1Sa 6:14; 2Sa 24:22; 1Ki 19:21; dung and hay fuel heated their ovens (Eze 4:12,15; Mt 6:30). The water supply was from rain, and rills from the hills, and the river Jordan, whereas Egypt depended solely on the Nile overflow. Irrigation was effected by ducts from cisterns in the rocky sub-surface. The country had thus expansive resources for an enlarging population. When the people were few, as they are now, the valleys sufficed to until for food; when many, the more difficult culture of the hills was resorted to and yielded abundance.
The rich red loam of the valleys placed on the sides of the hills would form fertile terraces sufficient for a large population, if only there were good government. The lightness of husbandry work in the plains set them free for watering the soil, and terracing the hills by low stone walls across their face, one above another, arresting the soil washed down by the rams, and affording a series of levels for the husbandman. The rain is chiefly in the autumn and winter, November and December, rare after March, almost never as late as May. It often is partial. A drought earlier or later is not so bad, but just three months before harvest is fatal (Am 4:7-8). The crop depended for its amount on timely rain. The "early" rain (Pr 16:15; Jas 5:7) fell from about the September equinox to sowing time in November or December, to revive the parched soil that the seed might germinate. The "latter rain" in February and March ripened the crop for harvest.
A typical pledge that, as there has been the early outpouring of the Spirit at Pentecost, so there shall be a latter outpouring previous to the great harvest of Israel and the Gentile nations (Zec 12:10; Joe 2:23,28-32). Wheat, barley, and rye (and millet rarely) were their cereals. The barley harvest was earlier than the wheat. With the undesigned propriety that marks truth, Ex 9:31-32 records that by the plague of hail "the flax and the barley were smitten, for the barley was in the ear, and the flax was bolled i.e. in blossom, but the wheat and the rye were not smitten, for they were not grown up." Accordingly, at the Passover (just after the time of the hail) the barley was just fit for the sickle, and the wave sheaf was offered; and not until Pentecost feast, 50 days after, the wheat was ripe for cutting, and the firstfruit loaves were offered. The vine, olive, and fig abounded; and traces everywhere remain of former wine and olive presses.
Cummin (including the black "fitches," Isa 28:27), peas, beans, lentils, lettuce, endive, leek, garlic, onion, melon, cucumber, and cabbage also were cultivated. The Passover in the month Nisan answered to the green stage of produce; the feast of weeks in Sivan to the ripe; and the feast of tabernacles in Tisri to the harvest home or ingathered. A month (Veader) was often intercalated before Nisan, to obviate the inaccuracy of their non-astronomical reckoning. Thus the six months from Tisri to Nisan was occupied with cultivation, the six months from Nisan to Tisri with gathering fruits. The season of rains from Tisri equinox to Nisan is pretty continuous, but is more decidedly marked at the beginning (the early rain) and the end (the latter rain). Rain in harvest was unknown (Pr 26:1).
The plow was light, and drawn by one yoke. Fallows were cleared of stones and thorns early in the year (Jer 4:3; Ho 10:12; Isa 5:2). To sow among thorns was deemed bad husbandry (Job 5:5; Pr 24:30-31). Seed was scattered broadcast, as in the parable of the sower (Mt 13:3-8), and plowed in afterward, the stubble of the previous crop becoming manure by decay. The seed was trodden in by cattle in irrigated lands (De 11:10; Isa 32:20). Hoeing and weeding were seldom needed in their fine tilth. Seventy days sufficed between sowing barley and the wave sheaf offering from the ripe grain at Passover. Oxen were urged on with a spearlike goad (Jg 3:31). Boaz slept on the threshingfloor, a circular high spot, of hard ground, 80 or 90 feet in diameter, exposed to the wind for winnowing, (2Sa 24:16-18) to watch against depredations (Ru 3:4-7). Sowing divers seed in a field was forbidden (De 22:9), to mark God is not the author of confusion, there is no transmutation of species, such as modern skeptical naturalists imagine. Oxen unmuzzled (De 25:4) five abreast trod out the grain on the floor, to separate the grain from chaff and straw; flails were used for small quantities and lighter grain (Isa 28:27).
A threshing sledge (moreg), Isa 41:15) was also employed, probably like the Egyptian still in use, a stage with three rollers ridged with iron, which cut the straw for fodder, while crushing out the grain. The shovel and fan winnowed the grain afterward by help of the evening breeze (Ru 3:2; Isa 30:24); lastly, it was shaken in a sieve. Am 9:9; Ps 83:10, and 2Ki 9:37 prove the use of animal manure. The poor man's claim was remembered, the self sown produce of the seventh year being his perquisite (Le 25:1-7): hereby the Israelites' faith was tested; national apostasy
See Verses Found in Dictionary
Then took Abimelech sheep and oxen and men - servants and maid-servants, and gave to Abraham, - and restored to him Sarah his wife.
Then took Abimelech sheep and oxen and men - servants and maid-servants, and gave to Abraham, - and restored to him Sarah his wife.
And Isaac sowed in that land, and found in the same year, a hundredfold, - seeing that Yahweh had blessed him.
And Isaac sowed in that land, and found in the same year, a hundredfold, - seeing that Yahweh had blessed him.
their flocks, and their herds and their asses, - and that which was in the city, and that which was in the field, they took;
their flocks, and their herds and their asses, - and that which was in the city, and that which was in the field, they took;
Lo! then, we, were binding sheaves in the midst of the field, when lo my sheaf rose up, yea and took its stand, - and lo! round about came your sheaves, and bowed themselves down to my sheaf.
Lo! then, we, were binding sheaves in the midst of the field, when lo my sheaf rose up, yea and took its stand, - and lo! round about came your sheaves, and bowed themselves down to my sheaf.
Then shall ye say - Men of cattle, have thy servants been from our youth even until now, both we and our fathers, - To the end ye may dwell in the land of Goshen, for an abomination to Egyptians, is every feeder of a flock,
Then shall ye say - Men of cattle, have thy servants been from our youth even until now, both we and our fathers, - To the end ye may dwell in the land of Goshen, for an abomination to Egyptians, is every feeder of a flock,
And they said unto Pharaoh - To sojourn in the land, are we come in, for there is no pasture for the flocks which pertain to thy servants, for, severe, is the famine in the land of Canaan. Now, therefore, let thy servants dwell we pray thee in the land of Goshen.
And they said unto Pharaoh - To sojourn in the land, are we come in, for there is no pasture for the flocks which pertain to thy servants, for, severe, is the famine in the land of Canaan. Now, therefore, let thy servants dwell we pray thee in the land of Goshen. Then spake Pharaoh unto Joseph saying, - Thy father and thy brethren, are come in unto thee.
Then spake Pharaoh unto Joseph saying, - Thy father and thy brethren, are come in unto thee. The land of Egypt, is, before thee, in the best of the land, cause thou thy father and thy brethren to dwell, - let them dwell in the land of Goshen, And if thou knowest that there are among them men of ability, then shalt thou set them as chieftains of cattle over mine.
The land of Egypt, is, before thee, in the best of the land, cause thou thy father and thy brethren to dwell, - let them dwell in the land of Goshen, And if thou knowest that there are among them men of ability, then shalt thou set them as chieftains of cattle over mine.
Now, the flax and the barley, were smitten, - for the barley, was in the ear, and, the flax, was in flower;
Now, the flax and the barley, were smitten, - for the barley, was in the ear, and, the flax, was in flower; but the wheat and the spelt, were not smitten, - for they were, not ripe.
And when ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not wholly clear the border of thy field, in reaping, - nor shalt thou gather up the gleaning of thy harvest.
And when ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not wholly clear the border of thy field, in reaping, - nor shalt thou gather up the gleaning of thy harvest. And, thy vineyard, shalt thou not go over again, nor gather, every single grape: for the poor and for the sojourner, shalt thou leave them, I - Yahweh, am your God.
And, thy vineyard, shalt thou not go over again, nor gather, every single grape: for the poor and for the sojourner, shalt thou leave them, I - Yahweh, am your God.
And Yahweh spake unto Moses in Mount Sinai, saying - Speak unto the sons of Israel, and thou shalt say unto them: - When ye enter into the land which, I, am giving you, then shall the land keep a sabbath unto Yahweh.
Speak unto the sons of Israel, and thou shalt say unto them: - When ye enter into the land which, I, am giving you, then shall the land keep a sabbath unto Yahweh. Six years, shalt thou sow thy field, and, six years, shalt thou prune thy vineyard, - and gather the increase thereof;
Six years, shalt thou sow thy field, and, six years, shalt thou prune thy vineyard, - and gather the increase thereof; but, in the seventh year - a sabbath of sacred rest, shall there be unto the land, a sabbath unto Yahweh: thy field, shalt thou not sow, and, thy vineyard, shalt thou not prune;
but, in the seventh year - a sabbath of sacred rest, shall there be unto the land, a sabbath unto Yahweh: thy field, shalt thou not sow, and, thy vineyard, shalt thou not prune; that which groweth of itself of thy harvest, shalt thou not reap; and the grapes of thine unpruned vines, shalt thou not cut off: a year of sacred rest, shall there be to the land.
that which groweth of itself of thy harvest, shalt thou not reap; and the grapes of thine unpruned vines, shalt thou not cut off: a year of sacred rest, shall there be to the land. So shall the sabbath of the land be unto you for food: unto thee, and unto thy servant and unto thy handmaid, - and unto thy hireling, and unto thy settlers that are sojourning with thee;
So shall the sabbath of the land be unto you for food: unto thee, and unto thy servant and unto thy handmaid, - and unto thy hireling, and unto thy settlers that are sojourning with thee; and unto thy tame-beasts, and unto the wild-beasts that are in thy land, shall belong all the increase thereof for food.
and unto thy tame-beasts, and unto the wild-beasts that are in thy land, shall belong all the increase thereof for food. And thou shalt count to thee seven weeks of years, seven years, seven times, - so shall the days of the seven weeks of years become to thee forty-nine years.
And thou shalt count to thee seven weeks of years, seven years, seven times, - so shall the days of the seven weeks of years become to thee forty-nine years. Then shalt thou cause a signal-horn to pass through in the seventh month, on the tenth of the month: on the Day of Propitiation, shall ye cause a horn to pass throughout all your land.
Then shalt thou cause a signal-horn to pass through in the seventh month, on the tenth of the month: on the Day of Propitiation, shall ye cause a horn to pass throughout all your land. So shall ye hallow the fiftieth year, and proclaim freedom throughout the land to all the dwellers thereof, - a jubilee, shall it be unto you, and ye shall return, every man unto his possession, and every man unto his family, shall ye return.
So shall ye hallow the fiftieth year, and proclaim freedom throughout the land to all the dwellers thereof, - a jubilee, shall it be unto you, and ye shall return, every man unto his possession, and every man unto his family, shall ye return. A jubilee, shall that fiftieth year be unto you, - ye shall not sow, neither shall ye reap the self-grown corn thereof, nor cut off the grapes of the unpruned vines thereof.
A jubilee, shall that fiftieth year be unto you, - ye shall not sow, neither shall ye reap the self-grown corn thereof, nor cut off the grapes of the unpruned vines thereof. For, a jubilee, it is, holy, shall it be unto you, - out of the field, shall ye eat her increase.
For, a jubilee, it is, holy, shall it be unto you, - out of the field, shall ye eat her increase. In this same jubilee year, shall ye return every man unto his possession.
In this same jubilee year, shall ye return every man unto his possession. And when ye sell anything to thy neighbour, or buy aught at thy neighbour's hand, do not overreach one another.
And when ye sell anything to thy neighbour, or buy aught at thy neighbour's hand, do not overreach one another. By the number of years after the jubilee, shalt thou buy of thy neighbour, - by the number of the years of increase, shall he sell unto thee;
By the number of years after the jubilee, shalt thou buy of thy neighbour, - by the number of the years of increase, shall he sell unto thee; according to the multitude of the years, shalt thou increase the price thereof, and, according to the fewness of the years, shalt thou diminish the price thereof, - because the sum of the increase, it is that he selleth thee.
according to the multitude of the years, shalt thou increase the price thereof, and, according to the fewness of the years, shalt thou diminish the price thereof, - because the sum of the increase, it is that he selleth thee.
The land moreover shall not be sold beyond recovery, for, mine, is the land, - for, sojourners and settlers, ye are with me.
The land moreover shall not be sold beyond recovery, for, mine, is the land, - for, sojourners and settlers, ye are with me.
But, if his hand have not found enough to get it back unto him, then shall that which he sold remain in the hand of him that bought it, until the year of the jubilee, - and shall go out in the jubilee, and he shall return unto his possession.
But, if his hand have not found enough to get it back unto him, then shall that which he sold remain in the hand of him that bought it, until the year of the jubilee, - and shall go out in the jubilee, and he shall return unto his possession. And, when, any man, selleth a dwelling-house in a walled city, then shall his right of redemption remain until the completion of a year after he sold it, - for, a year of days, shall his right of redemption remain.
And, when, any man, selleth a dwelling-house in a walled city, then shall his right of redemption remain until the completion of a year after he sold it, - for, a year of days, shall his right of redemption remain. But, if it be not redeemed before the end of a full year, then shall the house that is in the city that hath walls be confirmed, beyond recovery, to him who bought it, unto his generations, - it shall not go out in the jubilee.
But, if it be not redeemed before the end of a full year, then shall the house that is in the city that hath walls be confirmed, beyond recovery, to him who bought it, unto his generations, - it shall not go out in the jubilee. But as for the houses of villages which have no wall round about them, with the fields of land, shall it be reckoned, - a right of redemption, shall belong to it, and, in the jubilee, shall it go out.
But as for the houses of villages which have no wall round about them, with the fields of land, shall it be reckoned, - a right of redemption, shall belong to it, and, in the jubilee, shall it go out. And as for the cities of the Levites, the houses of the cities of their possession, an age-abiding right of redemption, shall pertain unto the Levites.
And as for the cities of the Levites, the houses of the cities of their possession, an age-abiding right of redemption, shall pertain unto the Levites. And, if one of the Levites should not redeem, then shall the sale of the house and the city of his possession go out in the jubilee; for, the houses of the cities of the Levites are their possession, in the midst of the sons of Israel.
And, if one of the Levites should not redeem, then shall the sale of the house and the city of his possession go out in the jubilee; for, the houses of the cities of the Levites are their possession, in the midst of the sons of Israel. But the field of the pasture-land of their cities, shall not be sold, - for an age-abiding possession, it is unto them.
But the field of the pasture-land of their cities, shall not be sold, - for an age-abiding possession, it is unto them. And, when thy brother waxeth poor, and his hand becometh feeble with thee, then shalt thou strengthen him, as a sojourner and a settler, so shall he live with thee.
And, when thy brother waxeth poor, and his hand becometh feeble with thee, then shalt thou strengthen him, as a sojourner and a settler, so shall he live with thee. Do not accept from him interest or profit, but stand thou in awe of thy God, - so shall thy brother live with thee.
Do not accept from him interest or profit, but stand thou in awe of thy God, - so shall thy brother live with thee. Thy silver, shalt thou not give him on interest, - neither, for profit, shalt thou give him thy food.
Thy silver, shalt thou not give him on interest, - neither, for profit, shalt thou give him thy food. I - Yahweh, am your God, who brought you forth out of the land of Egypt, - to give unto you the land of Canaan, to become your God,
I - Yahweh, am your God, who brought you forth out of the land of Egypt, - to give unto you the land of Canaan, to become your God, And when thy brother waxeth poor with thee, and so selleth himself unto thee, thou shalt not bind him with the bondage of a bondman:
And when thy brother waxeth poor with thee, and so selleth himself unto thee, thou shalt not bind him with the bondage of a bondman: as a hired servant, as a settler, shall he remain with thee, - until the year of the jubilee, shall he serve with thee:
as a hired servant, as a settler, shall he remain with thee, - until the year of the jubilee, shall he serve with thee: then shall he go forth from thee, he and his sons with him, - and shall return unto his family, and unto the possession of his fathers, shall he return.
then shall he go forth from thee, he and his sons with him, - and shall return unto his family, and unto the possession of his fathers, shall he return. For, my bondmen, they are, whom I brought forth out of the land of Egypt, - they shall not sell themselves with the sale of a bondman.
For, my bondmen, they are, whom I brought forth out of the land of Egypt, - they shall not sell themselves with the sale of a bondman. Thou shalt not rule over him with rigour, - so shalt thou stand in awe of thy God.
Thou shalt not rule over him with rigour, - so shalt thou stand in awe of thy God. And as for thy bondman and thy bond-maid which thou shalt have, of the nations that are round about you - from them, may ye buy bondman and bond-maid.
And as for thy bondman and thy bond-maid which thou shalt have, of the nations that are round about you - from them, may ye buy bondman and bond-maid. Moreover also, of the sons of the settlers who are sojourning with you - of them, may ye buy, and of their families that are with you, which they have begotten in your land, - so shall they become yours, as a possession;
Moreover also, of the sons of the settlers who are sojourning with you - of them, may ye buy, and of their families that are with you, which they have begotten in your land, - so shall they become yours, as a possession; and ye may take them as an inheritance for your sons after you to inherit as a possession, unto times age-abiding, of them, may ye take to be bondmen, - but, over your brethren the sons of Israel - a man over his brother, ye shall not rule, over him with rigour.
and ye may take them as an inheritance for your sons after you to inherit as a possession, unto times age-abiding, of them, may ye take to be bondmen, - but, over your brethren the sons of Israel - a man over his brother, ye shall not rule, over him with rigour. And, when the hand of the sojourner and settler with thee getteth possessions, and thy brother with him, waxeth poor, - and so he selleth himself to the sojourner who is a settler with thee, or to one who hath taken root, of the family of the sojourner,
And, when the hand of the sojourner and settler with thee getteth possessions, and thy brother with him, waxeth poor, - and so he selleth himself to the sojourner who is a settler with thee, or to one who hath taken root, of the family of the sojourner, after that he hath sold himself, a right of redemption, pertaineth to him, - one of his brethren, may redeem him;
after that he hath sold himself, a right of redemption, pertaineth to him, - one of his brethren, may redeem him; or, his uncle or his uncle's son, may redeem him, or, a near flesh-relation of his, of his family, may redeem him, or, his own hand may have gotten enough, and, so he may redeem himself.
or, his uncle or his uncle's son, may redeem him, or, a near flesh-relation of his, of his family, may redeem him, or, his own hand may have gotten enough, and, so he may redeem himself. Then shall he reckon with him that bought him, from the year that he was sold to him, unto the year of the jubilee, - and the silver for which he was sold shall be by the number of years, according to the days of a hired servant, shall he be with him.
Then shall he reckon with him that bought him, from the year that he was sold to him, unto the year of the jubilee, - and the silver for which he was sold shall be by the number of years, according to the days of a hired servant, shall he be with him. If there is yet a multitude of years, according to them, shall he return, as his redemption price, of the silver of him that bought him.
If there is yet a multitude of years, according to them, shall he return, as his redemption price, of the silver of him that bought him. Or, if there is but a small remainder of years, until the year of the jubilee, then shall he reckon to himself, according to the years thereof, shall he return his price of redemption.
Or, if there is but a small remainder of years, until the year of the jubilee, then shall he reckon to himself, according to the years thereof, shall he return his price of redemption. As a servant hired year by year, shall he be with him, he shall not rule over him with rigour, before thine eyes.
As a servant hired year by year, shall he be with him, he shall not rule over him with rigour, before thine eyes. But if he be not redeemed in any of these ways, then shall he go out in the jubilee year, he, and his sons with him.
But if he be not redeemed in any of these ways, then shall he go out in the jubilee year, he, and his sons with him. For, unto me, are the sons of Israel, bondmen, my bondmen, they are, whom I brought forth out of the land of Egypt. I, Yahweh, am your God.
For, unto me, are the sons of Israel, bondmen, my bondmen, they are, whom I brought forth out of the land of Egypt. I, Yahweh, am your God.
Then, shall the land be paid her sabbaths, All the days she lieth desolate, While, ye, are in the land of your fees, - Then, shall the land keep sabbath, And pay off her sabbaths:
Then, shall the land be paid her sabbaths, All the days she lieth desolate, While, ye, are in the land of your fees, - Then, shall the land keep sabbath, And pay off her sabbaths: All the days she lieth desolate, shall she keep sabbath, - the which she kept not as your sabbaths, - while ye dwelt thereupon.
All the days she lieth desolate, shall she keep sabbath, - the which she kept not as your sabbaths, - while ye dwelt thereupon.
And they entered as far as the ravine of Eschol, and cut down, from thence a branch with one cluster of gropes, and bare it on a pole between two, - also of the pomegranates and of the figs.
And they entered as far as the ravine of Eschol, and cut down, from thence a branch with one cluster of gropes, and bare it on a pole between two, - also of the pomegranates and of the figs.
And, whosoever toucheth on the face of the field, one slain with a sword, or one who hath died, or a human bone or a grave, shall be unclean seven days.
And, whosoever toucheth on the face of the field, one slain with a sword, or one who hath died, or a human bone or a grave, shall be unclean seven days.
Ye, then, pitch outside the camp, for seven days, - whosoever hath killed a person and whoever hath touched the slain, cleanse yourselves (from sin) on the third day and on the seventh day ye and your captives,.
Ye, then, pitch outside the camp, for seven days, - whosoever hath killed a person and whoever hath touched the slain, cleanse yourselves (from sin) on the third day and on the seventh day ye and your captives,.
a land of wheat and barley, and vine and fig-tree, and pomegranate, - a land of olive oil, and honey:
a land of wheat and barley, and vine and fig-tree, and pomegranate, - a land of olive oil, and honey:
For the land which thou art entering to, possess, not like the land of Egypt, it is, from whence ye came out, - where thou didst sow thy seed, and then water it with thy foot, like a garden of herbs;
For the land which thou art entering to, possess, not like the land of Egypt, it is, from whence ye came out, - where thou didst sow thy seed, and then water it with thy foot, like a garden of herbs;
For the land which thou art entering to, possess, not like the land of Egypt, it is, from whence ye came out, - where thou didst sow thy seed, and then water it with thy foot, like a garden of herbs;
For the land which thou art entering to, possess, not like the land of Egypt, it is, from whence ye came out, - where thou didst sow thy seed, and then water it with thy foot, like a garden of herbs;
At the end of three years, shalt thou bring forth all the tithe of thine increase in that year, - and shalt lay it up within thy gates;
At the end of three years, shalt thou bring forth all the tithe of thine increase in that year, - and shalt lay it up within thy gates;
Moreover he shall not multiply to himself horses, neither shall he cause the people to return to Egypt that he may multiply horses, - when, Yahweh, hath said unto you, Ye shall not again return this way any more.
Moreover he shall not multiply to himself horses, neither shall he cause the people to return to Egypt that he may multiply horses, - when, Yahweh, hath said unto you, Ye shall not again return this way any more.
Thou shalt not sow thy vineyard with two sorts of seed, - lest the fulness of the seed which thou sowest, and the increase of thy vineyard be profaned.
Thou shalt not sow thy vineyard with two sorts of seed, - lest the fulness of the seed which thou sowest, and the increase of thy vineyard be profaned.
Thou shalt not muzzle an ox when he is treading out the corn.
Thou shalt not muzzle an ox when he is treading out the corn.
When thou shalt make an end of tithing all the tithe of thine increase in the third year the year of tithing, - and shalt give unto the Levite unto the sojourner, unto the fatherless and unto the widow, and they shall eat within thy gates and be satisfied,
When thou shalt make an end of tithing all the tithe of thine increase in the third year the year of tithing, - and shalt give unto the Levite unto the sojourner, unto the fatherless and unto the widow, and they shall eat within thy gates and be satisfied,
for, the hill country, shall be thine, in that, a forest, it is, therefore canst thou cut it down, and thine shall be the extensions thereof, - for thou shalt dispossess the Canaanites, though, chariots of iron, they have, and though, strong, they are.
for, the hill country, shall be thine, in that, a forest, it is, therefore canst thou cut it down, and thine shall be the extensions thereof, - for thou shalt dispossess the Canaanites, though, chariots of iron, they have, and though, strong, they are.
And, after him, was Shamgar, son of Anath, who smote of the Philistines, six hundred men, with an ox-goad, - and, he also, saved Israel.
And, after him, was Shamgar, son of Anath, who smote of the Philistines, six hundred men, with an ox-goad, - and, he also, saved Israel.
Now, therefore, is not, Boaz, of our kindred, with whose maidens thou hast been? Lo! he is winnowing the barley threshing-floor, to-night!
Now, therefore, is not, Boaz, of our kindred, with whose maidens thou hast been? Lo! he is winnowing the barley threshing-floor, to-night!
And it shall be, when he lieth down, that thou shalt mark the place where he doth lie, and shalt go in and turn aside the covering of his feet, and lay thee down, - and, he, will tell thee what thou shalt do.
And it shall be, when he lieth down, that thou shalt mark the place where he doth lie, and shalt go in and turn aside the covering of his feet, and lay thee down, - and, he, will tell thee what thou shalt do. And she said unto her, - All that thou sayest, will I do.
And she said unto her, - All that thou sayest, will I do. So she went down to the threshing-floor, - and did according to all that her mother-in-law had commanded her.
So she went down to the threshing-floor, - and did according to all that her mother-in-law had commanded her. And, when Boaz had eaten, and drunk, and his heart was glad, he went in to lie down at the end of the heap of corn. Then came she in softly, and turned aside the covering of his feet, and laid her down.
And, when Boaz had eaten, and drunk, and his heart was glad, he went in to lie down at the end of the heap of corn. Then came she in softly, and turned aside the covering of his feet, and laid her down.
And, the waggon, entered into the field of Joshua, a man of Beth-shemesh, and stood still, there, where also, was a great stone, - so they clave into pieces the planks of the waggon, and, the kine, offered they up as an ascending-sacrifice, unto Yahweh.
And, the waggon, entered into the field of Joshua, a man of Beth-shemesh, and stood still, there, where also, was a great stone, - so they clave into pieces the planks of the waggon, and, the kine, offered they up as an ascending-sacrifice, unto Yahweh.
But, when the messenger stretched out his hand towards Jerusalem, to destroy it, then relented Yahweh as to the evil, and he said to the messenger who was destroying the people - Enough! now, stay thy hand. And, the messenger of Yahweh, was by the threshing-floor of Araunah the Jebusite.
But, when the messenger stretched out his hand towards Jerusalem, to destroy it, then relented Yahweh as to the evil, and he said to the messenger who was destroying the people - Enough! now, stay thy hand. And, the messenger of Yahweh, was by the threshing-floor of Araunah the Jebusite. Then said David unto Yahweh, when he saw the messenger who was smiting the people, yea he said - Lo! I, have sinned, and, I, have done perversely, but what have, these sheep, done? Let thy hand, I pray thee, be against me, and against the house of my father!
Then said David unto Yahweh, when he saw the messenger who was smiting the people, yea he said - Lo! I, have sinned, and, I, have done perversely, but what have, these sheep, done? Let thy hand, I pray thee, be against me, and against the house of my father! And Gad came unto David, on that day, - and said unto him - Go up, rear thou unto Yahweh an altar, in the threshing-floor of Araunah the Jebusite.
And Gad came unto David, on that day, - and said unto him - Go up, rear thou unto Yahweh an altar, in the threshing-floor of Araunah the Jebusite.
So shall the carcass of Jezebel become like heaps of dung on the face of the field, in the town-land of Jezreel: So that they cannot say, This, is Jezebel!
So shall the carcass of Jezebel become like heaps of dung on the face of the field, in the town-land of Jezreel: So that they cannot say, This, is Jezebel!
and Zabad his son and Shuthelah his son, and Ezer and Elead, - but the men of Gath who had been born in the land slew them, because they had come down to take away their cattle.
and Zabad his son and Shuthelah his son, and Ezer and Elead, - but the men of Gath who had been born in the land slew them, because they had come down to take away their cattle.
Whose harvest, the hungry, eateth up, and, even out of thorn hedges, he taketh it, and the snare gapeth for their substance.
Whose harvest, the hungry, eateth up, and, even out of thorn hedges, he taketh it, and the snare gapeth for their substance.
In the light of a king's countenance, is life, and, his good-pleasure, is like the cloud of harvest-rain.
In the light of a king's countenance, is life, and, his good-pleasure, is like the cloud of harvest-rain.
By the field of the sluggard, I passed, and by the vineyard of a man lacking sense;
By the field of the sluggard, I passed, and by the vineyard of a man lacking sense; And lo! there had come up all over it - thorns, there had covered the face thereof - thistles, and, the stone fence thereof, had been thrown down.
And lo! there had come up all over it - thorns, there had covered the face thereof - thistles, and, the stone fence thereof, had been thrown down.
As snow in summer, and as rain in harvest, so, unbecoming to a dullard is honour.
As snow in summer, and as rain in harvest, so, unbecoming to a dullard is honour.
And he thoroughly digged it, And gathered out the stones thereof, And planted it with a precious vine, And built a tower in the midst thereof, Moreover also a wine-press, hewed he therein, - Then waited he that it should bring forth grapes. And it brought forth wild grapes:
And he thoroughly digged it, And gathered out the stones thereof, And planted it with a precious vine, And built a tower in the midst thereof, Moreover also a wine-press, hewed he therein, - Then waited he that it should bring forth grapes. And it brought forth wild grapes:
For not with a sledge, must, black coriander be threshed, Nor must, the wheel of a cart, on cummin, be turned, But with a staff, must fennel be eaten, And cummin with a rod:
For not with a sledge, must, black coriander be threshed, Nor must, the wheel of a cart, on cummin, be turned, But with a staff, must fennel be eaten, And cummin with a rod:
For not with a sledge, must, black coriander be threshed, Nor must, the wheel of a cart, on cummin, be turned, But with a staff, must fennel be eaten, And cummin with a rod:
For not with a sledge, must, black coriander be threshed, Nor must, the wheel of a cart, on cummin, be turned, But with a staff, must fennel be eaten, And cummin with a rod:
And the oxen and the young asses that till the ground, salted provender, shall eat, which hath been winnowed with shovel or fan.
And the oxen and the young asses that till the ground, salted provender, shall eat, which hath been winnowed with shovel or fan.
How happy are ye who sow beside all waters, - Who send forth the foot of the ox and the ass.
How happy are ye who sow beside all waters, - Who send forth the foot of the ox and the ass.
Lo! I have made of thee a new pointed threshing sledge, owning teeth, - Thou shalt thresh mountains and crush them, And, hills - like chaff, shalt thou make:
Lo! I have made of thee a new pointed threshing sledge, owning teeth, - Thou shalt thresh mountains and crush them, And, hills - like chaff, shalt thou make:
For thus saith Yahweh Unto the men of Judah and unto Jerusalem, Till ye the untilled ground, - And do not sow among thorns.
For thus saith Yahweh Unto the men of Judah and unto Jerusalem, Till ye the untilled ground, - And do not sow among thorns.
and as a barley cake, shalt thou eat it, - and the same with dung proceeding from man, shalt thou bake, before their eyes.
and as a barley cake, shalt thou eat it, - and the same with dung proceeding from man, shalt thou bake, before their eyes.
So then he said unto me, See I have granted thee cows dung for mans dung, - and thou shalt prepare thy bread thereupon.
So then he said unto me, See I have granted thee cows dung for mans dung, - and thou shalt prepare thy bread thereupon.
Sow to yourselves in righteousness, reap ye at thc bidding of lovingkindness, furrow to yourselves the newly-ploughed soil, - then will be the time to seek Yahweh, until he come, that he may rain down righteousness for you.
Sow to yourselves in righteousness, reap ye at thc bidding of lovingkindness, furrow to yourselves the newly-ploughed soil, - then will be the time to seek Yahweh, until he come, that he may rain down righteousness for you.
Ye sons of Zion, then, exult and be glad in Yahweh your God, for he hath given you the seed-rain, in right manner, - Yea he hath caused to descend for you a down-pour, of seed-rain and of the harvest-rain in the first month;
Ye sons of Zion, then, exult and be glad in Yahweh your God, for he hath given you the seed-rain, in right manner, - Yea he hath caused to descend for you a down-pour, of seed-rain and of the harvest-rain in the first month;
And it shall come to pass, afterwards, I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh, and your sons and your daughters, shall prophesy, - your old men, shall dream, dreams, your young men, shall see, visions;
And it shall come to pass, afterwards, I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh, and your sons and your daughters, shall prophesy, - your old men, shall dream, dreams, your young men, shall see, visions; Moreover also, upon the servants and upon the handmaids - in those days, will I pour out my spirit;
Moreover also, upon the servants and upon the handmaids - in those days, will I pour out my spirit; And I will set forth wonders in the heavens, and in the earth, - blood, and fire, and columns of smoke:
And I will set forth wonders in the heavens, and in the earth, - blood, and fire, and columns of smoke: The sun, shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, - before the coming of the great and awful day of Yahweh.
The sun, shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, - before the coming of the great and awful day of Yahweh. And it shall come to pass, whosoever, shall call on the name of Yahweh, shall be delivered, - For in Mount Zion, and in Jerusalem, shall be a delivered remnant, just as Yahweh hath said, and among the survivors, whom Yahweh doth call.
And it shall come to pass, whosoever, shall call on the name of Yahweh, shall be delivered, - For in Mount Zion, and in Jerusalem, shall be a delivered remnant, just as Yahweh hath said, and among the survivors, whom Yahweh doth call.
Enter ye Bethel, and transgress, At Gilgal, cause transgression, to abound, - Yea, carry in, every morning, your sacrifices, every three days, your tithes;
Enter ye Bethel, and transgress, At Gilgal, cause transgression, to abound, - Yea, carry in, every morning, your sacrifices, every three days, your tithes;
Moreover also, I, have withholden from you the abundant rain, when yet there were only three mouths to the harvest, Or I might rain upon one city, and, on another city, might not rain, - One portion, would be rained upon, and, the portion whereupon it should not rain, would be dried up;
Moreover also, I, have withholden from you the abundant rain, when yet there were only three mouths to the harvest, Or I might rain upon one city, and, on another city, might not rain, - One portion, would be rained upon, and, the portion whereupon it should not rain, would be dried up; Then would two or three cities totter to one city to drink water, without being satisfied, - Yet have ye not returned unto me, Declareth Yahweh.
Then would two or three cities totter to one city to drink water, without being satisfied, - Yet have ye not returned unto me, Declareth Yahweh.
For lo! I am giving command, and will sift, throughout all the nations, the house of Israel, - as grain is sifted in a sieve, yet shall there not fall a kernel, to the earth.
For lo! I am giving command, and will sift, throughout all the nations, the house of Israel, - as grain is sifted in a sieve, yet shall there not fall a kernel, to the earth.
But I will pour out upon the house of David and upon the inhabitant of Jerusalem, the spirit of favour, and of supplications, and they will look unto me, whom they have pierced, - and will wail over him, as one waileth over an only son, and will make bitter outcry over him, as one maketh bitter outcry over a firstborn.
But I will pour out upon the house of David and upon the inhabitant of Jerusalem, the spirit of favour, and of supplications, and they will look unto me, whom they have pierced, - and will wail over him, as one waileth over an only son, and will make bitter outcry over him, as one maketh bitter outcry over a firstborn.
Now, if the grass of the field - which to-day, is, and, to-morrow, into an oven, is cast - God thus adorneth, not much rather, you, little of faith?
Now, if the grass of the field - which to-day, is, and, to-morrow, into an oven, is cast - God thus adorneth, not much rather, you, little of faith?
And he spake unto them many things, in parables, saying: Lo! the sower went forth to sow, -
And he spake unto them many things, in parables, saying: Lo! the sower went forth to sow, - and, as he sowed, some, indeed, fell by the pathway, and, the birds, came, and devoured it;
and, as he sowed, some, indeed, fell by the pathway, and, the birds, came, and devoured it; And, some, fell on the rocky places, where it had not much earth, - and, straightway, it sprang up, because if had no depth of earth;
And, some, fell on the rocky places, where it had not much earth, - and, straightway, it sprang up, because if had no depth of earth; and, the sun arising, it was scorched, and, because it had no root, it withered away;
and, the sun arising, it was scorched, and, because it had no root, it withered away; And, some, fell upon the thorns, and the thorns came up, and choked it;
And, some, fell upon the thorns, and the thorns came up, and choked it; But, some, fell upon the good ground, and did yield fruit, - this, indeed a hundred fold, and, that, sixty, and, the other, thirty.
But, some, fell upon the good ground, and did yield fruit, - this, indeed a hundred fold, and, that, sixty, and, the other, thirty.
Be patient, therefore, brethren, until the Presence of the Lord: - Lo! the husbandman, awaiteth the precious fruit of the earth, having patience for it, until it receive the early and the latter rain:
Be patient, therefore, brethren, until the Presence of the Lord: - Lo! the husbandman, awaiteth the precious fruit of the earth, having patience for it, until it receive the early and the latter rain:
Hastings
Throughout the whole period of their national existence, agriculture was the principal occupation of the Hebrews. According to the priestly theory, the land was the property of Jahweh; His people enjoyed the usufruct (Le 25:23). In actual practice, the bulk of the land was owned by the towns and village communities, each free husbandman having his allotted portion of the common lands. The remainder included the Crown lands and the estates of the nobility, at least under the monarchy. Husbandry
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And she went on to hear his brother, Abel, - and Abel became a feeder of sheep, whereas Cain, was a tiller of the round.
When thou meetest the ox of thine enemy, or his ass, going astray, thou shalt, surely bring it back, to him.
And six years, shalt thou sow thy land, - and shalt gather the yield thereof;
And when ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not wholly clear the border of thy field, in reaping, - nor shalt thou gather up the gleaning of thy harvest.
My statutes, shall ye observe, Thy beasts, shalt thou not cause to breed in two kinds, Thy field, shalt thou not sow with two sorts of seed, - And a garment woven of diverse threads, shalt thou not suffer to come upon thee.
Then shall ye keep count to yourselves from the morrow of the sabbath, from the day ye brought in the wave sheaf, - seven sabbaths complete, shall there be:
And thou shalt count to thee seven weeks of years, seven years, seven times, - so shall the days of the seven weeks of years become to thee forty-nine years.
The land moreover shall not be sold beyond recovery, for, mine, is the land, - for, sojourners and settlers, ye are with me.
I - Yahweh, am your God who brought you forth out of the land of Egypt, that ye should not be their bondmen; so I brake in pieces the staves of your yoke, and caused you to walk, erect.
Seven weeks, shalt thou count unto thee, - from the beginning of thrusting in the sickle into the standing corn, shalt thou begin to count, seven weeks.
Seven weeks, shalt thou count unto thee, - from the beginning of thrusting in the sickle into the standing corn, shalt thou begin to count, seven weeks.
Thou shall not move back the boundary of thy neighbour, by which they set bounds at first, - in thine inheritance which thou shall receive in the land which Yahweh thy God is giving thee to possess.
Thou shalt not see the ox of thy brother or his sheep, going astray, and turn away from them, - thou shalt, bring them back unto thy brother.
Thou shalt not plough with an ox and an ass together,
When thou cuttest down thy harvest in thy field and forgettest a sheaf in the field, thou shalt not turn back to fetch it, to the sojourner, to the fatherless, and to the widow, shall it belong, - that Yahweh thy God, may bless thee, in all the Work of thy hands.
Thou shalt not muzzle an ox when he is treading out the corn.
Cured, be he that moveth back the boundary of his neighbour. And all the people shall say - Amen.
Yahweh, will smite thee, with consumption and with fever, and with inflammation and with violent heat and with the sword, and with blight and with mildew, - and they shall pursue thee, until thou perish.
Then came the messenger of Yahweh, and sat down under the oak which was in Ophrah, which belonged to Joash, the Abiezrite; and, Gideon his son, was beating out wheat in the winepress, to escape the notice of the Midianites;
And Ruth the Moabitess said unto Naomi - Let me go, I pray thee, to the field, and glean ears of corn after him in whose eyes I may find favour. And she said to her - Go, my daughter.
So she gleaned in the field, until the evening, - and beat out that which she had gleaned, and there was about an ephah of barley.
So all Israel went down to the Philistines, - to sharpen every man his share, and his mattock, and his axe, and his sickle.
Then said Araunah unto David, Let my lord the king accept it and cause to ascend what is good in his own eyes, - see! the oxen for the ascending-sacrifice, and the threshing-sledges and ox-yokes for wood.
And he built towers in the desert, and digged many wells, for, much cattle, had he, both in the lowland, and in the plain, - husbandmen and vinedressers, in the mountains and in the fruitful field, for, a lover of the soil, was he.
Not so, the lawless, - but as chaff which is driven about by the wind:
A wise king, winnoweth out the lawless, when he hath turned over them the wheel.
And I will make it a waste; - It shall be neither pruned nor hoed, But there shall come up briars and thorns, - And upon the clouds, will I lay a charge, That they rain thereon no rain.
But all the hills which, with the hoe, can be weeded, - there shall not come thither, the fear of briars anti thorns, - but it shall be for the sending forth of oxen, and for the tread of lesser cattle.
Doth he not when he hath levelled the face thereof, Cast abroad the fennel? And, the cummin, doth he not scatter? And plant wheat in rows, And barley in a lot, And spelt in the border thereof? Yea One hath trained him to good judgment, His God, directeth him. read more. For not with a sledge, must, black coriander be threshed, Nor must, the wheel of a cart, on cummin, be turned, But with a staff, must fennel be eaten, And cummin with a rod:
And the oxen and the young asses that till the ground, salted provender, shall eat, which hath been winnowed with shovel or fan.
And, his breath like an overflowing torrent, even unto the neck, doth reach, To sift nations with a sieve of calamity, - A bridle leading to ruin, being upon the jaws of the peoples.
Lo! I have made of thee a new pointed threshing sledge, owning teeth, - Thou shalt thresh mountains and crush them, And, hills - like chaff, shalt thou make:
But, ten men, were found among them, who said unto Ishmael - Do not put us to death, for we have secret treasures in the field, wheat and barley and oil and honey, So he forbare and put them not to death in the midst of their brethren.
For, thus, saith Yahweh of hosts, God of Israel, The daughter of Babylon, is like a threshing, floor at the time of treading her: Yet a little, and the time of harvest shall overtake her.
Lo! I, am pressed under you, - as a full cart is pressed by its sheaves,
I have smitten you with blight and with mildew, When your gardens and your vineyards and your fig-trees and your olive-trees have increased, the creeping locust would devour them, - Yet have ye not returned unto me, Declareth Yahweh.
I have smitten you with blight and with mildew, When your gardens and your vineyards and your fig-trees and your olive-trees have increased, the creeping locust would devour them, - Yet have ye not returned unto me, Declareth Yahweh.
Shall horses run upon crag? or will a man plough there with oxen? For ye have turned to poison the sentence of justice, and the fruit of righteousness, to wormwood:
For lo! I am giving command, and will sift, throughout all the nations, the house of Israel, - as grain is sifted in a sieve, yet shall there not fall a kernel, to the earth.
I smote you with blight and with mildew and with hail, in all the work of your hands, - Yet ye did not return unto me, Declareth Yahweh.
Observe intently, the birds of the heaven, - that they neither sow, nor reap, nor gather into barns, and yet, your heavenly Father, feedeth, them: Are no, ye, much better than, they?
But, some, fell upon the good ground, and did yield fruit, - this, indeed a hundred fold, and, that, sixty, and, the other, thirty.
Smith
Agriculture.
This was little cared for by the patriarchs. The pastoral life, however, was the means of keeping the sacred race, whilst yet a family, distinct from mixture and locally unattached, especially whilst in Egypt. When grown into a nation it supplied a similar check on the foreign intercourse, and became the basis of the Mosaic commonwealth. "The land is mine,"
was a dictum which made agriculture likewise the basis of the theocratic relation. Thus every family felt its own life with intense keenness, and had its divine tenure which it was to guard from alienation. The prohibition of culture in the sabbatical year formed a kind of rent reserved by the divine Owner. Landmarks were deemed sacred,
De 19:14
and the inalienability of the heritage was insured by its reversion to the owner in the year of jubilee; so that only so many years of occupancy could be sold.
Rain.--Water was abundant in Palestine from natural sources.
De 8:7; 11:8-12
Rain was commonly expected soon after the autumnal equinox. The period denoted by the common scriptural expressions of the "early" and the "latter rain,"
De 11:14; Jer 5:24; Ho 6:3; Zec 10:1; Jas 5:7
generally reaching from November to April, constituted the "rainy season," and the remainder of the year the "dry season." Crops.--The cereal crops of constant mention are wheat and barley, and more rarely rye and millet(?). Of the two former, together with the vine, olive and fig, the use of irrigation, the plough and the harrow, mention is made ln the book of
Job 31:40; 15:33; 24:6; 29:19; 39:10
Two kinds of cumin (the black variety called fitches),
and such podded plants as beans and lentils may be named among the staple produce. Ploughing and Sowing.--The plough was probably very light, one yoke of oxen usually sufficing to draw it. Mountains and steep places were hoed.
New ground and fallows,
were cleared of stones and of thorns,
early in the year, sowing or gathering from "among thorns" being a proverb for slovenly husbandry.
Sowing also took place without previous ploughing, the seed being scattered broad cast and ploughed in afterwards. The soil was then brushed over with a light harrow, often of thorn bushes. In highly-irrigated spots the seed was trampled by cattle.
Seventy days before the passover was the time prescribed for sowing. The oxen were urged on by a goad like a spear.
The proportion of harvest gathered to seed sown was often vast; a hundred fold is mentioned, but in such a way as to signify that it was a limit rarely attained.
Sowing a field with divers seed was forbidden.
De 22:9
Reaping and Threshing.--The wheat etc., was reaped by the sickle or pulled by the roots. It was bound in sheaves. The sheaves or heaps were carted,
to the floor--a circular spot of hard ground, probably, as now, from 50 to 80 or 100 feet in diameter.
On these the oxen, etc., forbidden to be muzzled,
De 25:4
trampled out the grain. At a later time the Jews used a threshing sledge called morag,
Isa 41:15; 2Sa 24:22; 1Ch 21:23
probably resembling the noreg, still employed in Egypt --a stage with three rollers ridged with iron, which, aided by the driver's weight crushed out, often injuring, the grain, as well as cut or tore the straw, which thus became fit for fodder. Lighter grains were beaten out with a stick.
The use of animal manure was frequent.
etc. Winnowing.--The shovel and fan,
indicate the process of winnowing--a conspicuous part of ancient husbandry.
Evening was the favorite time,
when there was mostly a breeze. The fan,
was perhaps a broad shovel which threw the grain up against the wind. The last process was the shaking in a sieve to separate dirt and refuse.
Fields and floors were not commonly enclosed; vineyard mostly were, with a tower and other buildings.
Nu 22:24; Ps 80:13; Isa 5:5; Mt 21:33
comp. Judg 6:11 The gardens also and orchards were enclosed, frequently by banks of mud from ditches. With regard to occupancy, a tenant might pay a fixed money rent,
or a stipulated share of the fruits.
A passer by might eat any quantity of corn or grapes, but not reap or carry off fruit.
De 23:24-25; Mt 12:1
The rights of the corner to be left, and of gleaning [CORNER; GLEANING], formed the poor man's claim on the soil for support. For his benefit, too, a sheaf forgotten in carrying to the floor was to be left; so also with regard to the vineyard' and the olive grove.
See Corner
See Gleaning
Le 19:9-10; De 24:19
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And God called, the dry-ground, land, but the gathering together of the waters, called he seas. And God saw that it was good. And God said - Let the land put-forth vegetation-herb yielding seed, fruit-tree, bearing fruit, after its kind, whose seed is within it on the land. And it was so,
And Isaac sowed in that land, and found in the same year, a hundredfold, - seeing that Yahweh had blessed him.
And thou shalt count to thee seven weeks of years, seven years, seven times, - so shall the days of the seven weeks of years become to thee forty-nine years. Then shalt thou cause a signal-horn to pass through in the seventh month, on the tenth of the month: on the Day of Propitiation, shall ye cause a horn to pass throughout all your land. read more. So shall ye hallow the fiftieth year, and proclaim freedom throughout the land to all the dwellers thereof, - a jubilee, shall it be unto you, and ye shall return, every man unto his possession, and every man unto his family, shall ye return. A jubilee, shall that fiftieth year be unto you, - ye shall not sow, neither shall ye reap the self-grown corn thereof, nor cut off the grapes of the unpruned vines thereof. For, a jubilee, it is, holy, shall it be unto you, - out of the field, shall ye eat her increase. In this same jubilee year, shall ye return every man unto his possession. And when ye sell anything to thy neighbour, or buy aught at thy neighbour's hand, do not overreach one another. By the number of years after the jubilee, shalt thou buy of thy neighbour, - by the number of the years of increase, shall he sell unto thee; according to the multitude of the years, shalt thou increase the price thereof, and, according to the fewness of the years, shalt thou diminish the price thereof, - because the sum of the increase, it is that he selleth thee.
The land moreover shall not be sold beyond recovery, for, mine, is the land, - for, sojourners and settlers, ye are with me.
The land moreover shall not be sold beyond recovery, for, mine, is the land, - for, sojourners and settlers, ye are with me. And, in all the land of your possession, a right of redemption, shall ye give to the land. read more. When thy brother waxeth poor, and so selleth aught of his possession, then may his kinsman that is near unto him come in, and redeem that which was sold by his brother. And, when, any man, hath no kinsman, - but his own hand getteth enough, so that he findeth what is needed to redeem it, then shall he reckon the years since he sold it, and restore the overplus to the man to whom he sold it, - and shall return to his possession. But, if his hand have not found enough to get it back unto him, then shall that which he sold remain in the hand of him that bought it, until the year of the jubilee, - and shall go out in the jubilee, and he shall return unto his possession. And, when, any man, selleth a dwelling-house in a walled city, then shall his right of redemption remain until the completion of a year after he sold it, - for, a year of days, shall his right of redemption remain. But, if it be not redeemed before the end of a full year, then shall the house that is in the city that hath walls be confirmed, beyond recovery, to him who bought it, unto his generations, - it shall not go out in the jubilee. But as for the houses of villages which have no wall round about them, with the fields of land, shall it be reckoned, - a right of redemption, shall belong to it, and, in the jubilee, shall it go out. And as for the cities of the Levites, the houses of the cities of their possession, an age-abiding right of redemption, shall pertain unto the Levites. And, if one of the Levites should not redeem, then shall the sale of the house and the city of his possession go out in the jubilee; for, the houses of the cities of the Levites are their possession, in the midst of the sons of Israel. But the field of the pasture-land of their cities, shall not be sold, - for an age-abiding possession, it is unto them. And, when thy brother waxeth poor, and his hand becometh feeble with thee, then shalt thou strengthen him, as a sojourner and a settler, so shall he live with thee.
But the messenger of Yahweh took his stand, in a hollow pass of the vineyards, - with a fence on this side, and a fence on that side.
For, Yahweh thy God, is bringing thee into a good land; a land of ravines of water, of fountains and depths, coming forth in valley, and in mountain:
Therefore shall ye keep all the commandment which I am commanding thee, today, - that ye may be strong, and so enter and possess the land, whither ye are passing over to possess it; and that ye may prolong your days upon the soil which Yahweh sware unto your fathers, to give unto them and unto their seed, - a land flowing with milk and honey. read more. For the land which thou art entering to, possess, not like the land of Egypt, it is, from whence ye came out, - where thou didst sow thy seed, and then water it with thy foot, like a garden of herbs; but the land whereinto ye are passing over to, possess it, is a land of hills, and valleys, - which of the rain of the heavens, cloth drink water: a land which Yahweh thy God careth for, - continually are the eyes of Yahweh thy God upon it, from the beginning of the year, even unto the end of the year.
then saith he I will give the rain of your land in it season, the early rain and the latter rain; so shalt thou gather in thy corn, and thy new wine and thine oil;
Thou shall not move back the boundary of thy neighbour, by which they set bounds at first, - in thine inheritance which thou shall receive in the land which Yahweh thy God is giving thee to possess.
Thou shalt not sow thy vineyard with two sorts of seed, - lest the fulness of the seed which thou sowest, and the increase of thy vineyard be profaned.
When thou enterest into the vineyard of thy neighbour, then mayest thou eat grapes at thy pleasure to thy fill,-but into thy vessel, shalt thou put none. When thou enterest the standing corn of thy neighbour, thou mayest pluck off ears with thy hand, - but a sickle, shalt thou not wield against the standing corn of thy neighbour.
When thou cuttest down thy harvest in thy field and forgettest a sheaf in the field, thou shalt not turn back to fetch it, to the sojourner, to the fatherless, and to the widow, shall it belong, - that Yahweh thy God, may bless thee, in all the Work of thy hands.
Thou shalt not muzzle an ox when he is treading out the corn.
And, after him, was Shamgar, son of Anath, who smote of the Philistines, six hundred men, with an ox-goad, - and, he also, saved Israel.
Then came the messenger of Yahweh, and sat down under the oak which was in Ophrah, which belonged to Joash, the Abiezrite; and, Gideon his son, was beating out wheat in the winepress, to escape the notice of the Midianites;
Now, therefore, is not, Boaz, of our kindred, with whose maidens thou hast been? Lo! he is winnowing the barley threshing-floor, to-night!
therefore shalt thou till for him the ground, thou, and thy sons, and thy servants, and shalt bring in, so that thy lord's son may have bread to eat, but, Mephibosheth, thy lord's son, shall continually eat bread at my table. Now, Ziba, had fifteen sons, and twenty servants.
Whose harvest, the hungry, eateth up, and, even out of thorn hedges, he taketh it, and the snare gapeth for their substance.
He shall wrong - like a vine - his sour grapes, and shall cast off - as an olive-tree - his blossom.
They become as straw before the wind, and as chaff, which the storm stealeth away.
In the field - -a man's fodder, they cut down, and, the vineyard of the lawless, they strip of its late berries;
My root, is laid open to the waters, and, the dew, shall lodge for the night in my boughs;
Instead of wheat, let there come forth bramble, and, instead of barley, a bad-smelling weed! Ended are the words of Job.
Canst thou bind the wild-ox, so that - with the ridge - shall run his cord? Or will he harrow the furrows after thee?
Let them be as chaff before the wind, with, the messenger of Yahweh, pressing them on:
The boar out of the forest, browseth upon it, And, the wild beast of the field, pastureth thereon.
By the field of the sluggard, I passed, and by the vineyard of a man lacking sense; And lo! there had come up all over it - thorns, there had covered the face thereof - thistles, and, the stone fence thereof, had been thrown down.
A vineyard, had Solomon, as the owner of abundance, He put out the vineyard to keepers, - Every man, was to bring in, for the fruit thereof, a thousand silverlings:
And he thoroughly digged it, And gathered out the stones thereof, And planted it with a precious vine, And built a tower in the midst thereof, Moreover also a wine-press, hewed he therein, - Then waited he that it should bring forth grapes. And it brought forth wild grapes:
Now, therefore, I pray you, let me tell, you, what I am about to do to my vineyard, - To take away the fence thereof And it shall be eaten up, To destroy the wall thereof And it shall be trodden down;
But all the hills which, with the hoe, can be weeded, - there shall not come thither, the fear of briars anti thorns, - but it shall be for the sending forth of oxen, and for the tread of lesser cattle.
Though nations like the rushing of many waters, shall rush, Yet shall one rebuke him, And he shall flee far away, - And be chased As the chaff of the mountains before a wind, And as whirling stubble before a storm!
For not with a sledge, must, black coriander be threshed, Nor must, the wheel of a cart, on cummin, be turned, But with a staff, must fennel be eaten, And cummin with a rod:
For not with a sledge, must, black coriander be threshed, Nor must, the wheel of a cart, on cummin, be turned, But with a staff, must fennel be eaten, And cummin with a rod:
And the oxen and the young asses that till the ground, salted provender, shall eat, which hath been winnowed with shovel or fan.
How happy are ye who sow beside all waters, - Who send forth the foot of the ox and the ass.
Lo! I have made of thee a new pointed threshing sledge, owning teeth, - Thou shalt thresh mountains and crush them, And, hills - like chaff, shalt thou make:
For thus saith Yahweh Unto the men of Judah and unto Jerusalem, Till ye the untilled ground, - And do not sow among thorns.
Neither have they said in their heart, - Let us we pray you, revere Yahweh our God, Who giveth rain, even the early and the latter, in its season, - The appointed weeks of harvest, he reserveth for us.
And shall spread them out - To the sun, and To the moon, and To all the host of the heavens, Whom they have loved, And whom they have served, And after whom they have walked, And whom they have sought, And to whom they have bowed themselves down, - They shall not be gathered, Neither shall they be buried, As heaps of dung on the face of the ground, shall they be.
Then let us know - let us press on to know - Yahweh, Like the dawn, is his coming forth assured, - that he may come like a down-pour upon us, like the harvest-rain, and the seed-rain of the land.
Sow to yourselves in righteousness, reap ye at thc bidding of lovingkindness, furrow to yourselves the newly-ploughed soil, - then will be the time to seek Yahweh, until he come, that he may rain down righteousness for you.
Lo! I, am pressed under you, - as a full cart is pressed by its sheaves,
For lo! I am giving command, and will sift, throughout all the nations, the house of Israel, - as grain is sifted in a sieve, yet shall there not fall a kernel, to the earth.
Ask ye from Yahweh rain, in the time of the latter rain, Yahweh, who causeth flashes of lightning, - and, rain in abundant showers, giveth he unto them, to every man, herbage in the field;
Whose fan is in his hand, and he will clear out his threshing-floor, - and will gather his wheat into the granary, but, the chaff, will he burn up with fire unquenchable.
In that season, went Jesus, on, the sabbath, through the cornfields, - and, his disciples, hungered, and began to pluck ears of corn, and to eat.
But, some, fell upon the good ground, and did yield fruit, - this, indeed a hundred fold, and, that, sixty, and, the other, thirty.
Another parable, hear ye: - A man there was, a householder, who planted a vineyard, and, a wall around it, placed, and digged in it a wine-vat, and built a tower, and let it out to husbandmen, - and left home. And, when the season of fruits drew near, He sent forth his servants unto the husbandmen to receive his fruits.
Be patient, therefore, brethren, until the Presence of the Lord: - Lo! the husbandman, awaiteth the precious fruit of the earth, having patience for it, until it receive the early and the latter rain: