Reference: Children (Sons) of God
Hastings
There are a few passages in the OT in which the term 'sons of God' is applied to angelic beings (Ge 6:1-4; Job 1:6; 2:1; 38:7; cf. Da 3:25 RV). Once the judges of Israel are referred to as 'gods,' perhaps as appointed by God and vested with His authority (but the passage is very obscure; may the words be ironical?), and, in parallel phrase, as 'sons of the Most High' (Ps 82:6, cf. Joh 10:34; also, Ps 29:1; 89:6 Revised Version margin).
With these exceptions, the term, with the correlative one of 'Father,' designates the relation of men to God and of God to men, with varying fulness of meaning. It is obvious that the use of such a figure has wide possibilities. To call God 'Father' may imply little more than that He is creator and ruler of men (cf. 'Zeus, father of gods and men'); or it may connote some phase of His providence towards a favoured individual or nation; or, again, it may assert that a father's love at its highest is the truest symbol we can frame of God's essential nature and God's disposition towards all men. Similarly, men may conceivably be styled 'children of God' from mere dependence, from special privilege, from moral likeness, or finally from a full and willing response to the Divine Fatherhood in filial love, trust, and obedience. It is, therefore, not surprising that the Scripture facts present a varying and progressive conception of God as Father and of men as His children.
I. In the OT.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
Happy are the peace-makers; for they shall be called the children of God.
Ye have heard, that it hath been said, Thou shalt love thy neighbour, and hate thine enemy. But I say unto you, Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them that despitefully use you and persecute you: read more. That ye may be the children of your Father who is in heaven; for he maketh his sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sendeth rain on the just and the unjust.
That ye may be the children of your Father who is in heaven; for he maketh his sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sendeth rain on the just and the unjust. For if ye love them that love you, what reward have ye? read more. Do not even the publicans the same? And if ye salute your brethren only, what do ye more than others? Do not even the heathens so? Therefore ye shall be perfect, as your Father who is in heaven is perfect.
Take heed that ye practise not your righteousness before men, to be seen of them: otherwise ye have no reward from your Father who is in heaven.
But if ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses.
Behold the birds of the air: they sow not, neither do they reap, nor gather into barns; yet your heavenly Father feedeth them.
At that time Jesus answered and said, I thank thee, O Father, Lord of heaven and earth, because thou hast hid these things from the wise and prudent, and hast revealed them to babes.
At that time Jesus answered and said, I thank thee, O Father, Lord of heaven and earth, because thou hast hid these things from the wise and prudent, and hast revealed them to babes.
Then shall the righteous shine forth as the Sun in the kingdom of their Father. He that hath ears to hear, let him hear.
And going a little farther, he fell on his face and prayed, saying, O my Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me; yet not as I will, but as thou wilt.
But when ye stand praying, forgive, if ye have ought against any, that your Father who is in heaven, may forgive you also your trespasses.
But love ye your enemies, and do good and lend, hoping for nothing again; and your reward shall be great, and ye shall be sons of the Highest; for he is kind to the unthankful and the evil. Be ye therefore merciful, as your Father also is merciful.
All things are delivered to me of my Father; and no one knoweth who the Son is, but the Father, and who the Father is, but the Son, and he to whom the Son is pleased to reveal him.
And he said to them, When ye pray, say, Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come: Thy will be done as in heaven, so on earth.
If ye then being evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more shall your heavenly father give the Holy Spirit to them that ask him?
And Jesus crying with a loud voice, said, Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit. And having said thus, he expired.
But as many as received him, to them gave he privilege to become the sons of God, to them that believe in his name: Who were born, not of blood, nor by the will of the flesh, nor by the will of man, but of God. read more. And the Word was made flesh, and tabernacled among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father) full of grace and truth.
No man hath seen God at any time; the only begotten Son, who is in the bosom of the Father, he hath declared him.
Jesus answered and said to him, Verily, verily I say unto thee, Except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God. Nicodemus saith to him, How can a man be born, when he is old? Can he enter a second time into his mother's womb, and be born? read more. Jesus answered, Verily, verily I say unto thee, Except a man be born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God. That which is born of the flesh is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit, is spirit.
That which is born of the flesh is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit, is spirit. Marvel not that I said unto thee, Ye must be born again. read more. The wind bloweth where it lifteth, and thou hearest the found thereof, but canst not tell, whence it cometh, and whither it goeth: so is every one that is born of the Spirit.
No man can come to me, unless the Father who hath sent me, draw him; and I will raise him up at the last day.
Therefore said I to you, That no man can come to me, unless it be given him by my Father.
They answered and said to him, Abraham is our father. Jesus saith to them, If ye were the children of Abraham, ye would do the works of Abraham. But now ye seek to kill me, a man who hath told you the truth which I have heard from God. read more. Abraham did not thus. Ye do the deeds of your father. They said to him, We were not born of fornication; we have one Father, even God. Jesus said to them, If God were your father, ye would love me; for I proceeded forth, and come from God. I am come not of myself, but He hath sent me.
Jesus answered them, Is it not written in your law, I said, ye are gods?
And not for that nation only, but that he might also gather into one all the children of God that were scattered abroad.
Jesus saith, I am the way; and the truth, and the life; no man cometh to the Father, but by me.
At that day ye shall know that I am in my Father, and you in me, and I in you.
She turning, saith to him, Rabboni; that is, Master. Jesus saith to her, Touch me not; for I am not yet ascended to my Father. But go to my brethren and say to them, I ascend to my Father and your Father, and to my God and your God.
But these are written, that ye may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that believing ye may have life thro' his name.
For in him we live and move, and have our being; as certain likewise of your own poets have said, For we are also his offspring.
who was of the seed of David, according to the flesh, But declared the Son of God with power, according to the Spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead,
For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, they are the Sons of God. For ye have not received the Spirit of bondage again unto fear, but ye have received the Spirit of adoption, whereby we cry, Abba, Father. read more. The same Spirit beareth witness with our spirits, that we are the children of God. And if children, then heirs, heirs of God, and joint-heirs with Christ: if we suffer with him, that we may also be glorified with him. For I reckon that the sufferings of the present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory which shall be revealed in us. For the earnest expectation of the creation waiteth for the revelation of the sons of God. For the creation was made subject to vanity, not willingly, but by him who subjected it, In hope that the creation itself shall be delivered from the bondage of corruption, into the glorious liberty of the children of God. For we know that the whole creation groaneth together and travaileth together until now. And not only they, but even we ourselves, who have the first-fruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, waiting for the adoption, the redemption of our body.
And not only they, but even we ourselves, who have the first-fruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, waiting for the adoption, the redemption of our body. For we are saved by hope: but hope that is seen is not hope; for what a man seeth, how doth he yet hope for? read more. But if we hope for what we see not, we patiently wait for it.
For whom he foreknew, he also predestinated, conformable to the image of his Son, that he might be the first-born among many brethren.
For whom he foreknew, he also predestinated, conformable to the image of his Son, that he might be the first-born among many brethren.
Who are Israelites, whose is the adoption, and the glory, and the covenants, and the giving of the law, and the worship of God, and the promises:
That is, not the children of the flesh are the children of God, but the children of the promise are counted for the seed.
As he saith also in Hosea, I will call them my people, who were not my people, and her beloved, who was not beloved. And it shall come to pass, in the place where it was said to them, Ye are not my people, there shall they be called the sons of the living God.
And it shall come to pass, in the place where it was said to them, Ye are not my people, there shall they be called the sons of the living God.
For there is no difference between the Jew and the Greek: for the same Lord of all, is rich to all that call upon him. For whosoever shall call on the name of the Lord, shall be saved.
But I say, Hath not Israel known? First Moses saith, I will provoke you to jealousy by them that are not a nation; by a foolish nation I will anger you.
But before faith came, we were kept under the law, shut up together unto the faith which was to be revealed.
For ye are all sons of God by faith in Jesus Christ.
Now I say the heir, as long as he is a child, differeth nothing from a servant, though he be lord of all; But is under tutors and stewards, till the time appointed by the father. read more. So we also, when we were children, were in bondage under the elements of the world. But when the fulness of the time was come, God sent forth his Son, made of a woman, made under the law, To redeem those under the law, that we might receive the adoption of sons. And because ye are sons, God hath sent forth the Spirit of his Son into your hearts, crying Abba, Father. Wherefore thou art no more a servant, but a son; and if a son, then an heir of God through Christ.
Wherefore thou art no more a servant, but a son; and if a son, then an heir of God through Christ.
Now we, brethren, like Isaac, are children of promise.
Having predestinated us to the adoption of sons to himself by Jesus Christ, according to the good pleasure of his will, To the praise of the glory of his grace, read more. by which he hath freely accepted us through the beloved, By whom we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of our sins, according to the riches of his grace, Wherein he hath abounded toward us, in all wisdom and prudence, Having made known unto us the mystery of his will, according to his good pleasure, which he purposed in himself, That in the dispensation of the fulness of the times, he might gather together into one in Christ all things which are in heaven, and which are in earth, In him through whom we also have obtained an inheritance, being predestinated according to the purpose of him that worketh all things after the counsel of his own will, That we who first believed in Christ, might be to the praise of his glory. In whom ye likewise believed, after ye had heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation; in whom having believed, ye were also sealed by that Holy Spirit of promise, Who is an earnest of our inheritance, till the redemption of the purchased possession, to the praise of his glory.
Who is an earnest of our inheritance, till the redemption of the purchased possession, to the praise of his glory. Wherefore I also, since I heard of your faith in the Lord Jesus, and love to all saints, read more. Cease not to give thanks for you, making mention of you in my prayers, That the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, may give you the Spirit of wisdom and revelation, through the knowledge of him. The eyes of your understanding being inlightened, that ye may know what is the hope of his calling, and what the riches of the glory of his inheritance in the saints,
That ye may be blameless and simple, the sons of God, unrebukable, in the midst of a crooked and perverse nation, among whom ye shine as lights in the world,
For to which of the angels did he ever say, Thou art my Son; this day have I begotten thee? And again, I will be to him a Father, and he shall be to me a Son?
But we see Jesus crowned with glory and honour, for the suffering of death, who was made a little lower than the angels, that by the grace of God he might taste death for every man. For it became him for whom are all things, and by whom are all things, in bringing many sons to glory, to perfect the captain of their salvation through sufferings. read more. For both he that sanctifieth, and all they that are sanctified, are of one; for which cause he is not ashamed to call them brethren, Saying, I will declare thy name to my brethren; in the midst of the church will I sing praise unto thee. And again, I will put my trust in him: And again, Behold I and the children whom God hath given me. Since then the children partake of flesh and blood, he also himself in like manner took part of the same, that through death he might destroy him that had the power of death, that is, the devil: And deliver them, as many as through fear of death, were all their life-time subject to bondage. For verily he taketh not hold of angels, but he taketh hold of the seed of Abraham. Wherefore it behoved him to be made in all things like his brethren, that he might be a merciful and faithful high-priest, in things pertaining to God, to expiate the sins of the people. For in that he hath suffered, being tempted himself, he is able to succour them that are tempted.
Ye have not yet resisted unto blood, striving against sin. And yet ye have forgotten the exhortation which speaketh to you as to sons, My son, despise not thou the chastning of the Lord, nor faint when thou art rebuked of him. read more. For whom the Lord loveth, he chastneth, and scourgeth every son whom he receiveth. If ye endure chastning, God dealeth with you as with sons; for what son is he, whom his father chastneth not? But if ye are without chastning, of which all are partakers, then are ye bastards and not sons. Moreover we have had fathers of our flesh who corrected us, and we reverenced them: Shall we not much rather be in subjection to the Father of spirits and live? For they, verily, for a few days chastned us as they thought good: but he for our profit, that we may be partakers of his holiness. Now all chastning for the present is assuredly not joyous, but grievous; yet afterwards it yieldeth the peaceable fruit of righteousness to them that are exercised thereby. Wherefore Lift up the hands that hang down and the feeble knees: And make strait paths for your feet, lest that which is lame be turned out of the way, but let it rather be healed.
descending from the Father of lights, with whom is no variableness, neither shadow of turning. Of his own will begat he us by the word of truth, that we might be a kind of first fruits of his creatures.
Pure religion and undefiled before God and the Father is this, To visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction, and to keep himself unspoted from the world.
Therewith bless we God the Father, and therewith curse we man, made after the likeness of God.
Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who, according to his abundant mercy, hath begotten us again to a living hope, by the resurrection of Christ from the dead,
And if ye call on the Father, who without respect of persons judgeth according to every man's work, pass the time of your sojourning in fear:
Being born again, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, by the word of God which liveth and abideth for ever.
Wherefore laying aside all wickedness, and all guile, and dissimulation, and envies, and all evil-speakings, As new born babes desire the sincere milk of the word, that ye may grow thereby: read more. If ye have tasted that the Lord is gracious: To whom coming as unto a living stone, rejected indeed by men, but chosen of God and precious, Ye also as living stones are built up, a spiritual house, an holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices, acceptable to God thro' Jesus Christ. Wherefore also it is contained in the scripture, Behold I lay in Sion a chief corner stone, elect, precious, and he that believeth on him shall not be confounded. Therefore to you who believe, he is precious: but to them who believe not, The stone which the builders rejected is become the head of the corner. And a stone of stumbling, and a rock of offence, to them who stumble, not believing the word, whereunto also they were appointed. But ye are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, an holy nation, a purchased people, that ye may shew forth the virtues of him who hath called you out of darkness into his marvellous light: Who in time past were not a people, but now are the people of God; who had not obtained mercy, but now have obtained mercy.
who had not obtained mercy, but now have obtained mercy.
For all that is in the world, the desire of the flesh, and the desire of the eye, and the pride of life, is not of the Father, but is of the world.
Whosoever denieth the Son, he hath not the Father: he that acknowledgeth the Son, hath the Father also.
If ye know, that he is righteous, ye know that every one who doth righteousness is born of him.
Beloved, now are we the sons of God, and it doth not yet appear what we shall be: but we know, when he shall appear, we shall be like him, for we shall see him as he is.
Whosoever is born of God doth not commit sin; for his seed abideth in him, and he cannot sin, because he is born of God.
Beloved, let us love one another; for love is of God, and every one that loveth is born of God, and knoweth God.
Whosoever believeth that Jesus is the Christ is born of God; and every one who loveth him that begat, loveth him also that is begotten of him.
For whosoever is born of God overcometh the world; and this is the victory that overcometh the world, even our faith.
He that overcometh shall inherit these things; and I will be to him a God, and he shall be to me a son. But the fearful, and unbelieving, and abominable, and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars, their part is in the lake that burneth with fire and brimstone, which is the second death.