Reference: Exodus
American
Going out, the name of the second book of Moses and of the Bible; so called because it narrates the departure of the Israelites from Egypt. It comprises a period of about one hundred and forty-five years, from the death of Joseph to the erection of the tabernacle in the desert. The various topics of the book may be thus presented: (1.) The oppression of the Israelites, under the change of dynasty which sprung up after the death of Joseph: "There arose up another king, who knew not Joseph," Ex 1:8. The reference many believe is to the invasion of Egypt by the Hyksos, who are spoken of in secular history as having invaded Egypt probably about this period, and who held it in subjection for many years. The are termed shepherd-kings, and represented as coming from the east. (2.) The youth, education, patriotism, and flight of Moses, Ex 2-6. (3.) The commission of Moses, the perversity of Pharaoh, and the infliction of the ten plagues in succession, Ex 7-11. (4.) The institution of the Passover, the sudden departure of the Israelites, the passage of the Red Sea, and the thanksgiving of Moses and the people on the opposite shore, after the destruction of Pharaoh and his host, Ex 12-15. (5.) The narration of various miracles wrought in behalf of the people during their journeyings towards Sinai, Ex 15-17. (6.) The promulgation of the law on mount Sinai. This includes the preparation of the people by Moses, and the promulgation, first of the moral law, then of the judicial law, and subsequently of the ceremonial law, including the instructions for the erection of the tabernacle and the completion of that house of God, Ex 19-40.
The scope of the book is not only to preserve the memorial of the departure of the Israelites from Egypt, but to present to view the church of God in her afflictions and triumphs; to point out the providential care of God over her, and the judgments inflicted on her enemies. It clearly shows the accomplishment of the divine promises and prophecies delivered to Abraham: that his posterity would be numerous, Ge 15:5; 17:4-6; 46:27; Nu 1:1-3,46; and that they should be afflicted in a land not their own, whence they should depart in the fourth generation with great substance,
Ge 15:13-16; Ex 12:40-41. Their exodus in many particulars well illustrates the state of Christ's church in the wilderness of this world, until her arrival in the heavenly Canaan. See 1Co 10; Heb 1-13. The book of Exodus brings before us many and singular types of Christ: Moses, De 18:15; Aaron, Heb 4:14-16; the paschal lamb, Ex 12:46; Joh 19:36; 1Co 5:7-8; the manna, Ex 1-40; 16:15; 1Co 10:3; the rock in Horeb, Ex 17:6; 1Co 10:4; the mercy seat, Ex 37:6; Ro 3:25; Heb 4:16; the tabernacle, Ex 40, "The Word tabernacled among us," Joh 1:14.
This departure from Egypt, and the subsequent wanderings of the children of Israel in the desert, form one of the great epochs in their history. They were constantly led by Jehovah, and the whole series of events is a constant succession of miracles. From their breaking up at Rameses, to their arrival on the confines of the promised land, there was an interval of forty years, during which one whole generation passed away, and the whole Mosaic law was given, and sanctioned by the thunders and lightnings of Sinai. There is no portion of history extant which so displays the interposition of an overruling Providence in the affairs both of nations and of individuals, as that which recounts these wanderings of Israel.
The four hundred and thirty years referred to in Ex 12:40, date, according to the received chronology, from the time when the promise was made to Abraham, Ge 15:13. From the arrival of Jacob in Egypt to the exodus of his posterity, was about two hundred and thirty years. The threescore and fifteen souls had now become 600,000, besides children. They took with them great numbers of cattle, and much Egyptian spoil. It was only by the mighty hand of God that their deliverance was effected; and there seems to have been a special vindication of his glory in the fact that the Nile, the flies, the frogs, fishes, cattle, etc., which were made the means or the subjects of the plagues of Egypt, were there regarded with idolatrous veneration.
After the tenth and decisive plague had been sent, the Israelites were dismissed from Egypt in haste. They are supposed to have been assembled at Rameses, or Heroopolis, in the land of Goshen, about thirty-five miles northwest of Suez, on the ancient canal, which united the Nile with the Red Sea. They set off on the fifteenth day of the first month, the day after the Passover, that is, about the middle of April. Their course was southeast as far as Etham; but then, instead of keeping on directly to Sinai, they turned to the south, Ex 14:2, on the west side of the Red Sea, which they reached three days after starting, probably near Suez. Here, by means of a strong east wind, God miraculously divided the waters of the sea in such a way that the Israelites passed over the bed of it on dry ground; while the Egyptians, who attempted to follow them, were drowned by the returning waters. The arm of the sea at Suez is now only three or four miles wide, and at low water may be forded. It is known to have been formerly wider and deeper; but the drifting sands of ages have greatly filled and altered. The miracle here wrought was an amazing one, and revealed the hand of God more signally than any of the ten plagues had done. According to the Bible, God caused a "strong east wind" to blow; the deep waters were sundered, and "gathered together;" "the floods stood upright as a heap;" "the children of Israel walked upon dry land in the midst of the sea, and the waters were a wall unto them on their right hand and on their left." These effects continued all night till the morning watch, and without obstructing the progress of the Hebrews; whereas in the morning the pursuing Egyptians were covered by the sea, and "sank like lead in the mighty waters." These were wonders towards the effecting of which any wind must have been as insufficient as Naaman's mere washing in Jordan would have been to the healing of his leprosy. It should here be stated also, that some geographers think this miracle took place below Mount Atakah, ten or twelve miles south of Suez, where the sea is about twelve miles wide. This opinion is liable to several objections, though it cannot be proved to be false. At this late day the precise locality may be undiscoverable, like the point of a soul's transition from the bondage of Satan into the kingdom of God; but in both cases the work is of God, and the glory of it is his alone.
Having offered thanksgiving to God for their wonderful deliverance, the Israelites advanced along the eastern shore of the Red Sea and through the valleys and desert to Mount Sinai. This part of their route may be readily traced, and Marah, Elim, and the desert of Sin have been with much probability identified. They arrived at Mount Sinai in the third month, or June, probably about the middle of it, having been two months on their journey. Here the law was given, and here they abode during all the transactions recorded in Ex 21:1-Nu 9:23, that is, until the twentieth day of the second month (May) in the following year, a period of about eleven months.
Breaking up at this time from Sinai, they marched northwards through the desert of Paran, or perhaps along the eastern arm of the Red Sea and north through El-Arabah, to Kadesh-barnea, near the southeast border of Canaan. Rephidim near Mount Sinai, and Taberah, Kibroth-hattaaveh, and Hazerorh, on their journey north, were the scenes of incidents, which may be found, described under their several heads. From Kadesh-barnea, spies were sent out to view the promised land, and brought back an evil report, probably in August of the same year. The people murmured, and were directed by Jehovah to turn back and wander in the desert, until the carcasses of that generation should all fall in the wilderness, Nu 14:25. This they did, wandering from one station to another in the great desert of Paran, lying south of Palestine, and also in the great sandy valley called El-Ghor and chiefly El-Arab
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He brought him outside and said: Look toward heaven and count the stars. Are you able to count them? He continued: So shall your descendants be.
Jehovah said to Abram: Know this for sure; your offspring will be strangers (aliens) in a land that is not theirs. They will be slaves there, and they shall be oppressed for four hundred years.
Jehovah said to Abram: Know this for sure; your offspring will be strangers (aliens) in a land that is not theirs. They will be slaves there, and they shall be oppressed for four hundred years. I will bring judgment on the nation that they serve! Afterward they will come out with great possessions. read more. As for yourself, you shall go to your ancestors in peace. You shall be buried at a good old age. They shall come back here in the fourth generation. The iniquity of the Amorites is not yet complete.
This is my covenant with you: You will be the father of many nations. You will no longer be called Abram (Exalted Father). Your name will be Abraham (means Father of Many). I have made you a father of many nations. read more. I will make you very fruitful. I will make nations of you, and kings will come from you.
Joseph had two sons who were born in Egypt. There were a total of seventy people in Jacob's household who went to Egypt.
A new king, who knew nothing about Joseph, began to rule in Egypt.
The Israelites had been living in Egypt for four hundred and thirty years.
The Israelites had been living in Egypt for four hundred and thirty years. After exactly four hundred and thirty years all of Jehovah's people left Egypt in organized family groups.
The meal must be eaten inside one house. Never take any of the meat outside the house. Do not break any of the bones.
Tell the Israelites to turn back and camp in front of Pi Hahiroth, between Migdol and the Red Sea, near Baal Zephon.
Behold! I will stand before you there upon the rock in Horeb. Strike the rock and water will come out of it. Then the people may drink. Moses did this in the sight of the elders of Israel.
He made a lid of pure gold, forty-five inches long and twenty-seven inches wide.
Jehovah (YHWH) spoke to Moses in the tent of meeting in the Desert of Sinai. It was the first day of the second month in the second year after leaving Egypt. He said: Take a census of all the males of the congregation of Israel by families and households. List every man by name read more. who is at least twenty years old. You and Aaron must register everyone in Israel who is eligible for military duty. List them by divisions.
was six hundred and three thousand five hundred and fifty.
Whether it was two days, a month, or a year, as long as the column of smoke stayed over the tent, the Israelites stayed in the same place. But when the smoke moved, they would break camp and move. At Jehovah's command they set up camp, and at his command they broke camp. They obeyed the command Jehovah gave through Moses.
The Amalekites and Canaanites are living in the valleys. Tomorrow you must turn around, go back into the desert. Follow the road that goes to the Red Sea.
In the first month the whole congregation of Israel came into the Desert of Zin, and they stayed at Kadesh. Miriam died and was buried there.
The Edomites repeated: We refuse! Then they marched out with a powerful army to attack the people of Israel. The Edomites would not let the Israelites pass through their territory. So the Israelites turned and went another way. read more. The whole congregation of Israel left Kadesh and arrived at Mount Hor, on the border of Edom. There Jehovah said to Moses and Aaron: Aaron is not going to enter the land I promised to give to Israel. He is going to die, because the two of you rebelled against my command at Meribah. Take Aaron and his son Eleazar to Mount Hor. Remove Aaron's priestly robes and put them on Eleazar. Aaron is going to die there. Moses did what Jehovah commanded. They went up Mount Hor in the sight of the entire congregation. Moses removed Aaron's priestly robes and put them on Eleazar. There on the top of the mountain Aaron died, and Moses and Eleazar came back down.
They moved from Mount Hor following the road that goes to the Red Sea. That way they could go around Edom. The people became impatient on the trip
They moved from Rithmah and set up camp at Rimmon Perez. They moved from Rimmon Perez and set up camp at Libnah. read more. They moved from Libnah and set up camp at Rissah. They moved from Rissah and set up camp at Kehelathah. They moved from Kehelathah and set up camp at Mount Shepher. They moved from Mount Shepher and set up camp at Haradah. They moved from Haradah and set up camp at Makheloth. They moved from Makheloth and set up camp at Tahath. They moved from Tahath and set up camp at Terah. They moved from Terah and set up camp at Mithcah. They moved from Mithcah and set up camp at Hashmonah. They moved from Hashmonah and set up camp at Moseroth. They moved from Moseroth and set up camp at Bene Jaakan. They moved from Bene Jaakan and set up camp at Hor Haggidgad. They moved from Hor Haggidgad and set up camp at Jotbathah. They moved from Jotbathah and set up camp at Abronah. They moved from Abronah and set up camp at Ezion Geber. They moved from Ezion Geber and set up camp at Kadesh in the Desert of Zin. They moved from Kadesh and set up camp at Mount Hor on the border of Edom.
Jehovah your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your fellow Israelites. Listen to him!
The Word [Jesus] became flesh (a human being) and lived with us. We saw the glory of the only begotten son from the Father. He was full of loving-kindness and truth.
These things came to pass in order that the scripture might be fulfilled: A bone of him shall not be broken.
God displayed Christ publicly as propitiation (atonement) by his blood through faith. It demonstrated his righteousness. It was through the forbearance of God that he passed by the sins that had taken place before.
We have a great high priest who has passed through the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, so let us hold fast our confession. We do not have a high priest who is not able to sympathize with our infirmities (weaknesses). He was tested in all things like ourselves. Yet he was without sin! read more. Let us approach the throne of grace (loving-kindness) with confidence, that we may receive mercy, and find grace for help in time of need.
Let us approach the throne of grace (loving-kindness) with confidence, that we may receive mercy, and find grace for help in time of need.
Easton
the great deliverance wrought for the children of Isreal when they were brought out of the land of Egypt with "a mighty hand and with an outstretched arm" (Ex 12:51; De 26:8; Ps 114; 136), about B.C. 1490, and four hundred and eighty years (1Ki 6:1) before the building of Solomon's temple.
The time of their sojourning in Egypt was, according to Ex 12:40, the space of four hundred and thirty years. In the LXX., the words are, "The sojourning of the children of Israel which they sojourned in Egypt and in the land of Canaan was four hundred and thirty years;" and the Samaritan version reads, "The sojourning of the children of Israel and of their fathers which they sojourned in the land of Canaan and in the land of Egypt was four hundred and thirty years." In Ge 15:13-16, the period is prophetically given (in round numbers) as four hundred years. This passage is quoted by Stephen in his defence before the council (Ac 7:6).
The chronology of the "sojourning" is variously estimated. Those who adopt the longer term reckon thus:
| Years
|
| From the descent of Jacob into Egypt to the
| death of Joseph 71
|
| From the death of Joseph to the birth of
| Moses 278
|
| From the birth of Moses to his flight into
| Midian 40
|
| From the flight of Moses to his return into
| Egypt 40
|
| From the return of Moses to the Exodus 1
|
| 430
Others contend for the shorter period of two hundred and fifteen years, holding that the period of four hundred and thirty years comprehends the years from the entrance of Abraham into Canaan (see LXX. and Samaritan) to the descent of Jacob into Egypt. They reckon thus:
| Years
|
| From Abraham's arrival in Canaan to Isaac's
| birth 25
|
| From Isaac's birth to that of his twin sons
| Esau and Jacob 60
|
| From Jacob's birth to the going down into
| Egypt 130
|
| (215)
|
| From Jacob's going down into Egypt to the
| death of Joseph 71
|
| From death of Joseph to the birth of Moses 64
|
| From birth of Moses to the Exodus 80
|
| In all... 430
Illustration: Journeying of the Israelites from Egypt to Canaan
During the forty years of Moses' sojourn in the land of Midian, the Hebrews in Egypt were being gradually prepared for the great national crisis which was approaching. The plagues that successively fell upon the land loosened the bonds by which Pharaoh held them in slavery, and at length he was eager that they should depart. But the Hebrews must now also be ready to go. They were poor; for generations they had laboured for the Egyptians without wages. They asked gifts from their neighbours around them (Ex 12:35), and these were readily bestowed. And then, as the first step towards their independent national organization, they observed the feast of the Passover, which was now instituted as a perpetual memorial. The blood of the paschal lamb was duly sprinkled on the door-posts and lintels of all their houses, and they were all within, waiting the next movement in the working out of God's plan. At length the last stroke fell on the land of Egypt. "It came to pass, that at midnight Jehovah smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt." Pharaoh rose up in the night, and called for Moses and Aaron by night, and said, "Rise up, and get you forth from among my people, both ye and the children of Israel; and go, serve Jehovah, as ye have said. Also take your flocks and your herds, as ye have said, and be gone; and bless me also." Thus was Pharaoh (q.v.) completely humbled and broken down. These words he spoke to Moses and Aaron "seem to gleam through the tears of the humbled king, as he lamented his son snatched from him by so sudden a death, and tremble with a sense of the helplessness which his proud soul at last felt when the avenging hand of God had visited even his palace."
The terror-stricken Egyptians now urged the instant departure of the Hebrews. In the midst of the Passover feast, before the dawn of the 15th day of the month Abib (our April nearly), which was to be to them henceforth the beginning of the year, as it was the commencement of a new epoch in their history, every family, with all that appertained to it, was ready for the march, which instantly began under the leadership of the heads of tribes with their various sub-divisions. They moved onward, increasing as they went forward from all the districts of Goshen, over the whole of which they were scattered, to the common centre. Three or four days perhaps elapsed before the whole body of the people were assembled at Rameses, and ready to set out under their leader Moses (Ex 12:37; Nu 33:3). This city was at that time the residence of the Egyptian court, and here the interviews between Moses and Pharaoh had taken place.
From Rameses they journeyed to Succoth (Ex 12:37), identified with Tel-el-Maskhuta, about 12 miles west of Ismailia. (See Pithom.) Their third station was Etham (q.v.), Ex 13:20, "in the edge of the wilderness," and was probably a little to the west of the modern town of Ismailia, on the Suez Canal. Here they were commanded "to turn and encamp before Pi-hahiroth, between Migdol and the sea", i.e., to change their route from east to due south. The Lord now assumed the direction of their march in the pillar of cloud by day and of fire by night. They were then led along the west shore of the Red Sea till they came to an extensive camping-ground "before Pi-hahiroth," about 40 miles from Etham. This distance from Etham may have taken three days to traverse, for the number of camping-places by no means indicates the number of days spent on the journey: e.g., it took fully a month to travel from Rameses to the wilderness of Sin (Ex 16:1), yet reference is made to only six camping-places during all that time. The exact spot of their encampment before they crossed the Red Sea cannot be determined. It was probably somewhere near the present site of Suez.
Under the direction of God the children of Israel went "forward" from the camp "before Pi-hahiroth," and the sea opened a pathway for them, so that they crossed to the farther shore in safety. The Egyptian host pursued after them, and, attempting to follow through the sea, were overwhelmed in its returning waters, and thus the whole military force of the Egyptians perished. They "sank as lead in the mighty waters" (Ex 15:1-9; comp. Ps 77:16-19).
Having reached the eastern shore of the sea, perhaps a little way to the north of 'Ayun Musa ("the springs of Moses"), there they encamped and rested probably for a day. Here Miriam and the other women sang the triumphal song recorded in Ex 15:1-21.
From 'Ayun Musa they went on for three days through a part of the barren "wilderness of Shur" (22), called also the "wilderness of Etham" (Nu 33:8; comp. Ex 13:20), without finding water. On the last of these days they came to Marah (q.v.), where the "bitter" water was by a miracle made drinkable.
Their next camping-place was Elim (q.v.), where were twelve springs of water and a grove of "threescore and ten" palm trees (Ex 15:27).
After a time the children of Israel "took their journey from Elim," and encamped by the Red Sea (Nu 33:10), and thence removed to the "wilderness of Sin" (to be distinguished from the wilderness of Zin, Ex 20:1), where they again encamped. Here, probably the modern el-Markha, the supply of bread they had brought with them out of Egypt failed. They began to "murmur" for want of bread. God "heard their murmurings" and gave them quails and manna, "bread from heaven" (Ex 16:4-36). Moses directed that an om
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Jehovah said to Abram: Know this for sure; your offspring will be strangers (aliens) in a land that is not theirs. They will be slaves there, and they shall be oppressed for four hundred years. I will bring judgment on the nation that they serve! Afterward they will come out with great possessions. read more. As for yourself, you shall go to your ancestors in peace. You shall be buried at a good old age. They shall come back here in the fourth generation. The iniquity of the Amorites is not yet complete.
There shall be no leaven found in your houses for seven days. Whoever eats what is leavened shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he is an alien or a native of the land. You shall not eat anything leavened. Eat unleavened bread in all your dwellings. read more. Moses called all the elders of Israel and said: Take lambs according to your families and slay the Passover lamb. Take a bunch of hyssop and dip it in the blood that is in the basin. Apply some of the blood that is in the basin to the lintel and the two doorposts. No one shall go outside the door of his house until morning. Jehovah will pass through to strike the Egyptians. When he sees the blood on the top and sides of the doorframe, Jehovah will pass over the door and will not allow the destroyer to come in to your houses to kill you. You shall observe this event as an ordinance for you and your children from generation to generation. When you enter the land Jehovah will give you, as he has promised, you shall observe this rite. When your children ask you: What does this rite mean to you? You shall say: 'It is a Passover sacrifice to Jehovah who passed over the houses of the sons of Israel in Egypt when He killed the Egyptians, but spared our homes. The people bowed low and worshiped.' Then the sons of Israel did just as Jehovah had commanded Moses and Aaron. At midnight Jehovah killed every firstborn male in Egypt from the firstborn son of Pharaoh who ruled the land to the firstborn son of the prisoner in jail, and also every firstborn animal. Pharaoh, all his officials, and all the other Egyptians got up during the night. There was loud crying throughout Egypt because in every house someone had died. Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron during the night. He said: You and the Israelites must leave my people at once. Go serve Jehovah just as you requested. Take your flocks and herds, too, as you asked. Just go! And bless me, too! The Egyptians begged the people to leave the country quickly. They said: We will all be dead soon! The people picked up their bread dough before it had risen. They carried it on their shoulders in bowls and wrapped up in their clothes. The sons of Israel did what Moses told them. They asked the Egyptians for gold and silver jewelry and for clothes.
The sons of Israel did what Moses told them. They asked the Egyptians for gold and silver jewelry and for clothes. Jehovah made the Egyptians generous to the people. They gave them what they asked for. So the sons of Israel stripped Egypt of its wealth. read more. The Israelites left Rameses to go to Succoth. There were about six hundred thousand men on foot, plus all the women and children.
The Israelites left Rameses to go to Succoth. There were about six hundred thousand men on foot, plus all the women and children.
The Israelites left Rameses to go to Succoth. There were about six hundred thousand men on foot, plus all the women and children.
The Israelites had been living in Egypt for four hundred and thirty years.
On that day Jehovah brought the Israelite tribes out of Egypt.
The Israelites left Sukkoth and camped at Etham on the edge of the desert.
The Israelites left Sukkoth and camped at Etham on the edge of the desert.
Moses and the Israelites sang this song to Jehovah: I will sing to Jehovah, because he has won a glorious victory. He has thrown the horses and their riders into the sea.
Moses and the Israelites sang this song to Jehovah: I will sing to Jehovah, because he has won a glorious victory. He has thrown the horses and their riders into the sea. Jehovah is my strong defender. He is the one who has saved me. He is my God, and I will praise him, my father's God, and I will sing about his greatness.
Jehovah is my strong defender. He is the one who has saved me. He is my God, and I will praise him, my father's God, and I will sing about his greatness. Jehovah is His name, and he is a warrior!
Jehovah is His name, and he is a warrior! He threw the chariots and army of Egypt's king into the Red Sea, and he drowned the best of the king's army.
He threw the chariots and army of Egypt's king into the Red Sea, and he drowned the best of the king's army. The depths have covered them. They sank to the bottom just like boulders.
The depths have covered them. They sank to the bottom just like boulders. With the tremendous force of your right arm, Jehovah, you crushed your enemies.
With the tremendous force of your right arm, Jehovah, you crushed your enemies. In the greatness of your excellence you overthrow those who rose up against you. You sent your wrath and consumed them like stubble.
In the greatness of your excellence you overthrow those who rose up against you. You sent your wrath and consumed them like stubble. With a blast from your nostrils, the water piled up. The waves stood up like a dam. The deep water thickened in the middle of the sea.
With a blast from your nostrils, the water piled up. The waves stood up like a dam. The deep water thickened in the middle of the sea. The enemy said: 'I will pursue them! I will catch them! I will divide the loot! I will take all I want! I will use my sword! I will take all they have!'
The enemy said: 'I will pursue them! I will catch them! I will divide the loot! I will take all I want! I will use my sword! I will take all they have!' Your breath blew the sea over them. They sank like lead in the raging water. read more. Who among the gods is like you Jehovah? Who is like you, wonderful in holiness? Who can work wonders and mighty acts like yours? You stretched out your right hand, and the earth swallowed our enemies. Using your powerful love, you rescued (redeemed) the people. Nations learned of this and trembled. The Philistines shook with horror. The sheiks (chiefs) of Edom were dismayed. The leaders of Moab are griped with fear. The inhabitants of Canaan are filled with fear. Terror and dread fall upon them. By the greatness of your arm they are motionless as stone. Until your people pass over, O Jehovah, until the people pass over whom you have purchased. You will bring them and plant them on your own mountain, the place where you live, O Jehovah, the holy place that you built with your own hands, O Jehovah. Jehovah will rule as king forever and ever. When Pharaoh's horses, chariots, and cavalry went into the sea, Jehovah made the water of the sea flow back over them. The Israelites had gone through the sea on dry ground. The prophet Miriam, Aaron's sister, took a tambourine in her hand. All the women, danced with tambourines, and followed her. Miriam sang to them: Sing to Jehovah. He has won a glorious victory. He has thrown horses and their riders into the sea.
Then they went to Elim. There were twelve springs and seventy palm trees. They camped there by the water.
The whole congregation of Israelites moved from Elim to the desert of Sin, which is between Elim and Sinai. This was on the fifteenth day of the second month after they left Egypt.
Jehovah said to Moses: I am going to cause food to rain down from the sky for all of you. The people must go out every day and gather enough for that day. In this way I can test them to find out if they will follow my instructions. They are to bring in twice as much as usual and prepare it on the sixth day. read more. Moses and Aaron said to all the Israelites: This evening you will know that it was Jehovah who brought you out of Egypt. In the morning you will see the glory of Jehovah's presence. He hears your complaints against him. But what are we that you complain against us? Moses said: This will happen when Jehovah gives you meat to eat in the evening, and bread to eat in the morning. Jehovah hears your complaints against him. And what are we? Your complaints are not against us but against Jehovah. Moses said to Aaron: Say to all the congregation of the sons of Israel: 'Come near before Jehovah for he has heard your complaints.' Aaron was speaking to them, when everyone looked out toward the desert and saw the bright glory of Jehovah in a cloud. Jehovah said to Moses: I have heard my people complain. I said to them: 'Each evening you will have meat and each morning they will have more than enough bread.' Then you will know that I am Jehovah their God.' That evening many quails came and landed everywhere in the camp, and the next morning dew covered the ground. After the dew had gone, the desert was covered with thin flakes that looked like frost. When the children of Israel saw, they said to one another: What is this? For they did not know what it was. Moses said to them: This is the bread Jehovah has given you to eat. This is what Jehovah has commanded: Each man should gather according to what he can eat. You shall take two quarts for each person in your tent. The sons of Israel did this. Some gathered much and some little. They measured it. Those who gathered much did not have too much. Some who gathered less did not have too little. Each had gathered just what he needed. Moses said: No one is to keep any of it for tomorrow. Some of them did not listen to Moses and saved part of it. The next morning it was full of worms and smelled rotten. Moses was angry with them. Every morning each one gathered as much as he needed. When the sun grew hot, what was left on the ground melted. The sixth day they gathered twice as much food, four quarts for each person. All the leaders of the congregation came and told Moses about it. (Mark 15:42) Moses said: Jehovah has commanded that tomorrow is a holy day of rest, dedicated to God. Bake today what you want to bake and boil what you want to boil. Whatever is left should be put aside and kept for tomorrow. They kept what was left until the next day as Moses commanded. It did not spoil or get worms in it. Moses said: Eat this today, because today is the Sabbath, a day of rest dedicated to Jehovah. You will not find any food outside the camp. You shall gather it for six days. But on the seventh day, the Sabbath, there shall be none. Some of the people went out on the seventh day to gather. They did not find any. Jehovah spoke to Moses: How long do you refuse to keep my commandments and my instructions? Jehovah has given you the Sabbath. He gives you bread for two days on the sixth day. Remain every man in his place! Let no man go out of his place on the seventh day. So the people rested on the seventh day. The house of Israel called its name manna. It was like coriander seed, white in color. It tasted like wafers made with honey. Moses said: This is what Jehovah has commanded: 'Let two quarts of it be kept throughout your generations. Then they may see the bread with which I fed you in the wilderness, when I brought you out of the land of Egypt.' Moses said to Aaron: Take a jar, and put two quarts of manna in it. Place it before Jehovah, to be kept throughout your generations. Aaron placed it before the Testimony, to be kept just as Jehovah commanded Moses. The children of Israel ate the manna forty years, until they came to an inhabited land. They ate the manna until they came to the border of the land of Canaan. The standard dry measure used in Moses' day equaled twenty quarts.
The entire congregation of Israelites left the desert of Sin and traveled from place to place as Jehovah commanded them. They camped at Rephidim, but there was no water for the people to drink. So they complained to Moses about this: Give us water to drink! Moses said: Why do you complain to me? Why do you test Jehovah? read more. The people were thirsty for water. They complained to Moses and asked: Why did you bring us out of Egypt? Was it to make us, our children, and our livestock die of thirst? Moses cried out to Jehovah: What should I do with these people? They are almost ready to stone me! Jehovah said to Moses: Go in front of the people. Take the elders of Israel with you. Take your rod with which you struck the river, in your hand, and go. Behold! I will stand before you there upon the rock in Horeb. Strike the rock and water will come out of it. Then the people may drink. Moses did this in the sight of the elders of Israel. He called the name of the place Massah, and Meribah, because of the complaining of the children of Israel, and because they tested Jehovah, saying: Is Jehovah among us or not?
Jehovah (YHWH) spoke to Moses in the tent of meeting in the Desert of Sinai. It was the first day of the second month in the second year after leaving Egypt. He said:
The cloud over the tent of Jehovah's presence lifted the twentieth day of the second month in the second year after the people left Egypt.
They moved from Rameses on the fifteenth day of the first month, the day after the Passover. The Israelites boldly left in full view of all the Egyptians.
They moved from Pi Hahiroth and went through the middle of the sea into the desert. After they traveled for three days in the Desert of Etham, they set up camp at Marah.
Jehovah brought us out of Egypt with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm and with great terror and with signs and wonders.
Solomon began work on the Temple. It was four hundred and eighty years after the people of Israel left Egypt, during the fourth year of Solomon's reign over Israel, in the second month, the month of Ziv.
The waters saw you, God. The waters saw you, and they were agitated. The depths also convulsed. The clouds poured out water. The skies resounded with thunder. Your arrows also flashed around. read more. The voice of your thunder was in the whirlwind. The lightning lit up the world. The earth trembled and shook. Your way was through the sea; your paths through the great waters. Your footsteps were not known.
God spoke to this effect, that his seed would be alien residents in a strange land. They would enslave them, and mistreat them for four hundred years.
Hastings
The book relates the history of Israel from the death of Joseph to the erection of the Tabernacle in the second year of the Exodus. In its present form, however, it is a harmony of three separate accounts.
1. The narrative of Priestly Narrative. which can be most surely distinguished, is given first.
Beginning with a list of the sons of Israel (Ex 1:1-5), it briefly relates the oppression (Ex 1:7,13 f., Ex 2:23-25), and describes the call of Moses, which takes place in Egypt, the revelation of the name Jahweh, and the appointment of Aaron (Ex 6:1 to Ex 7:13). The plagues (Ex 7:10,20 a, Ex 7:21 b, Ex 7:22; 8:5-7,15-19; 9:8-12; 11:9 f.), which are wrought by Aaron, forma trial of strength with Pharaoh's magicians. The last plague introduces directions for the Passover, the feast of unleavened bread, the sanctification of the firstborn; and the annual Passover (Ex 12:1-20,28,40-51; 13:1 f.). Hence emphasis is laid, not on the blood-sprinkling, but on the eating, which was the perpetual feature.
The route to the Red Sea (which gives occasion to a statement about the length of the sojourn. Ex 12:40 f.) is represented as deliberately chosen in order that Israel and Egypt may witness Jahweh's power over Pharaoh (Ex 12:37; 13:20; 14:1-4). When Moses stretches out his hand, the waters are miraculously divided and restored (Ex 14:8 f, Ex 14:15 a, Ex 14:16-18,21-22 f., Ex 14:26-27 a, Ex 14:28 a, Ex 15:19).
Between the Red Sea and Sinai the names of some halting places are given (Ex 16:1-3; 17:1 a, Ex 19:2 a). Ch. 16 is also largely (Ex 16:6-13 a, Ex 16:16-24,31-36) from Priestly Narrative. But the mention of the Tabernacle in Ex 16:34 proves the story to belong to a later date than the stay at Sinai, since the Tabernacle was not in existence before Sinai. Probably the narrative has been brought into its present position by the editor.
On the arrival at Sinai, Jahweh's glory appears in a fiery cloud on the mountain. As no priests have been consecrated, and the people must not draw near, Moses ascends alone to receive the tables of the testimony (Ex 24:15-18 a) written by Jahweh on both sides. He remains (probably for 40 days) to receive plans for a sanctuary, with Jahweh's promise to meet with Israel (in the Tent of Meeting) and to dwell with Israel (in the Tabernacle) (Ex 25:1 to Ex 31:18 a, Ex 32:15). He returns (Ex 34:29-35), deposits the testimony in an ark he has caused to be prepared, and constructs the Tabernacle (Ex 34:35). The differing order in the plans as ordered and as executed, and the condition of the text in the Septuagint, prove that these sections underwent alterations before reaching their present form.
This account was evidently written for men who were otherwise acquainted with the leading facts of the history. It is dominated by two leading interests: (1) to insist in its own way that everything which makes Israel a nation is due to Jahweh, so that the religion and the history are interwoven; (2) to give a history of the origins, especially of the ecclesiastical institutions, of Israel.
2. The narrative of Jewish Encyclopedia.
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These are the names of the sons of Israel who came with their families and with Jacob to Egypt: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah; read more. Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin; Dan and Naphtali and Gad and Asher. Joseph was already in Egypt. The total number of Jacob's descendants was seventy. Joseph, all his brothers, and that entire generation died. The children of Israel had many children. They became so numerous and strong that the land was filled with them. A new king, who knew nothing about Joseph, began to rule in Egypt. He said to his people: There are too many Israelites! They are stronger than we are. We must outsmart them or they will increase in number. If war breaks out they will leave the country and join our enemies to fight against us. So the Egyptians put slave masters over them in order to oppress them through forced labor. They built Pithom and Rameses as supply (storage) cities for Pharaoh. However the more the Israelites were oppressed, the more they increased in number and spread out. The Egyptians could not stand them any longer. They forced the Israelites to work hard as slaves.
The king of Egypt spoke to the Hebrew midwives. Shiphrah and Puah were among them. He said: When you help the Hebrew women give birth on the birth stool, if it is a son you shall put him to death. If it is a daughter, then she shall live. read more. The midwives respected God and did not do as the king of Egypt commanded them. They let the boys live. So the king of Egypt called for the midwives and said: Why have you let the boys live? The midwives replied to Pharaoh: Because the Hebrew women are not as the Egyptian women. They are vigorous and give birth before the midwife can get to them. God was good to the midwives, and the people multiplied, and became very mighty. Because the midwives respected God, He established households for them.
When he was old enough, she took him to the king's daughter, who adopted him. She named him Moses because she said: I pulled him out of the water. After Moses had grown up, he went out to where his own people (his brothers) were hard at work. He saw an Egyptian beating one of them. read more. Moses looked around to see if anyone was watching. Then he killed the Egyptian and hid his body in the sand. The next day when Moses went out, he saw two Hebrews fighting. So he went to the man who started the fight and asked: Why are you beating up one of your own people? The man replied: Who made you a prince or a judge over us? Are you intending to kill me as you killed the Egyptian? Moses was afraid and said: Surely the matter has become known. When Pharaoh heard of this matter, he tried to kill Moses. But Moses fled from the presence of Pharaoh and settled in the land of Midian by a well. The priest of Midian had seven daughters. They came to draw water and filled the troughs to water their father's flock. Then the shepherds came and drove them away. Moses stood up and helped them water their flock. When they returned to Reuel their father, he said, Why have you come back so soon today? They said: An Egyptian delivered us out of the hand of the shepherds. He drew water for us and watered the flock. He asked his daughters: Where is he? Why have you left the man? Call him, that he may eat bread. Moses was content to live with the man. He gave Moses his daughter Zipporah. She bore a son, and he called his name Gershom. For he said: I have been a stranger in a strange land. Time went by and the king of Egypt died. The Israelites still groaned because they were slaves. So they cried out, and their cries for help went up to God. God heard their groaning. He remembered his promise to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. God saw the Israelites being oppressed and was concerned about them.
One day Moses was taking care of the flock of his father-in-law Jethro, the priest of Midian. He led the flock across the desert to Sinai, the holy mountain. There the angel of Jehovah appeared to him in a flame of fire coming from the middle of a bush. Moses saw that the bush was on fire but that it was not burning up. read more. This is strange, he thought. Why is the bush not burning up? I will go closer and see. Jehovah saw that Moses came closer. He called to him from the middle of the bush: Moses! Moses! Moses answered: Yes, here I am. God said: Do not come any closer. Take off your sandals, because you are standing on holy ground. I am the God of your ancestors, the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Moses covered his face, because he was afraid to look at God. Jehovah said: I have seen how my people are suffering as slaves in Egypt. I have heard them beg for my help because of the way they are being mistreated. I feel sorry for them.
My people have begged for my help. I have seen how cruel the Egyptians are to them. Now go to Pharaoh! I am sending you to lead my people out of his country. read more. But Moses said: Who am I to go to Pharaoh and lead your people out of Egypt? God said: I will be with you! This shall be the sign to you that it is I who have sent you: when you have brought the people out of Egypt, you shall worship God at this mountain. Then Moses said to God: Behold, I am going to the sons of Israel. I will say to them: 'The God of your fathers has sent me to you.' Now they may ask me: 'What is His name?' What shall I say to them?' God then said to Moses: [I exist and] I WILL BE WHO I WILL BE. You shall say to the sons of Israel: I WILL BE, has sent me to you.' (Hebrew: hayah, I was, I am, I will be gives evidence of God's eternal existence) God, further said to Moses: You shall say to the sons of Israel: 'JEHOVAH, the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has sent me to you.' (JEHOVAH) THIS IS MY NAME FOREVER! This is my memorial-name to all generations. Go and gather the elders of Israel together and say to them: JEHOVAH, the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, has appeared to me. He said: I am indeed concerned about you and what has been done to you in Egypt. So I said: 'I will bring you up out of the affliction of Egypt to the land of the Canaanite and the Hittite and the Amorite and the Perizzite and the Hivite and the Jebusite, to a land flowing with milk and honey.' They will listen to what you say. You with the elders of Israel will approach the king of Egypt. You will say to him: 'Jehovah the God of the Hebrews, has met with us. So now, please, let us go a three days journey into the wilderness, that we may sacrifice to Jehovah our God.' I know that the king of Egypt will not permit you to go, except under compulsion. So I will stretch out my hand and strike Egypt with all my wonders that I will do in it's midst. After that he will let you go. I will grant this people favor in the sight of the Egyptians. When you go you will not go empty handed.
Moses responded: What if they will not believe me or listen to what I say? For they may say: 'Jehovah has not appeared to you.' Jehovah asked him: What is that in your hand? He answered: A shepherd's staff. read more. Jehovah said: Throw it on the ground. When Moses threw it on the ground, it became a snake, and he ran away from it. Jehovah said to Moses: Reach down and pick it up by the tail. So Moses reached down and caught it. Suddenly it became a walking stick again. Jehovah said: Do this to prove to the Israelites that Jehovah, the God of their ancestors, the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, has appeared to you. Jehovah spoke to Moses again: Put your hand inside your robe. Moses obeyed. When he took his hand out, it was diseased, covered with white spots, like snow. Jehovah said: Put your hand inside your robe again. He did so, and when he took it out this time, it was healthy, just like the rest of his body. Jehovah said: If they will not believe you or be convinced by the first sign, then this one will convince them. If in spite of these two signs they still will not believe you, and if they refuse to listen to what you say, take some water from the Nile and pour it on the ground. The water will turn into blood. Moses said: O Jehovah I am not a man of words. I have never been so, and am not now, even after what you have said to your servant. Talking is hard for me, and I am slow of tongue. Jehovah said to him: Who has made man's mouth? Or who makes him mute or deaf, or seeing or blind? Is it not I, Jehovah? Now then go, and I, even I, will be with your mouth. I will teach you what you are to say. But Moses said: Please, Jehovah, send the message by whomever you will. Then the anger of Jehovah burned against Moses, and He said: Is there not your brother Aaron the Levite? I know that he speaks fluently. He is coming out to meet you. When he sees you, he will be glad in his heart. You are to speak to him and put the words in his mouth. I will be with your mouth and his mouth. I will teach you what you are to do. Moreover, he shall speak for you to the people. He will be as a mouth for you and you will be as God to him. Take your staff in your hand with which you shall perform the signs.
Jehovah said to Moses in Midian: Go back to Egypt, for all the men who were seeking your life are dead. So Moses took his wife and his sons and mounted them on a donkey and returned to the land of Egypt. Moses also took the staff of God in his hand.
So Moses took his wife and his sons and mounted them on a donkey and returned to the land of Egypt. Moses also took the staff of God in his hand. Jehovah said to Moses: When you go back to Egypt see that you perform before Pharaoh all the wonders that I have put in your power. I will harden his heart so that he will not let the people go. read more. Say to Pharaoh: 'Thus says Jehovah, Israel is my son, my firstborn. So I said to you: 'Let My son go that he may serve me. But you have refused to let him go. Behold, I will kill your son, your firstborn.' Now it came about at the lodging place on the way that Jehovah met him and sought to put him to death. Zipporah took a flint and cut off her son's foreskin and threw it at Moses' feet. She said: You are indeed a bridegroom of blood to me. So He let him alone. At that time she said: You are a bridegroom of blood, because of the circumcision. Jehovah said to Aaron: Go to meet Moses in the wilderness. So he went and met him at the mountain of God and kissed him.
Then Moses and Aaron went to Egypt and assembled all the elders of the people of Israel. Aaron told them everything Jehovah had said to Moses. He also did the miraculous signs for the people. read more. The people believed them. When they heard that Jehovah was concerned about the people of Israel and that he had seen their misery, they knelt, bowed low and worshiped.
Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh. They said: Jehovah, the God of Israel, says: 'Let My people go that they may celebrate a feast to me in the wilderness.'
Then they said: The God of the Hebrews met with us. Please, let us go on a three-day journey into the wilderness. Then we may sacrifice to Jehovah our God. Otherwise he will fall upon us with pestilence or with the sword. The king of Egypt replied: Moses and Aaron, why do you distract the people from their work? Get back to work! read more. Pharaoh added: Look how many people there are in the land! Do you want them to quit working? Pharaoh gave these orders to the slave drivers and foremen: Do not give the people any more straw to make bricks as you have been doing. Let them gather their own straw. Insist that they make the same number of bricks they were making before. Making fewer bricks will not be acceptable. They are lazy! That is why they are crying: Let us go offer sacrifices to our God. Make the work harder for these people so that they will be too busy to listen to lies. The slave drivers and the Israelite foremen went out and said to the Israelites: The king has said that he will not supply you with any more straw. He says that you must go and get it for yourselves wherever you can find it. You must still make the same number of bricks. So the people went all over Egypt looking for straw. The slave bosses were hard on them. They kept saying: Each day you have to make as many bricks as you did when you were given straw. The bosses beat the men in charge of the slaves and said: Why did you not force the slaves to make as many bricks yesterday and today as they did before? Finally, the men in charge of the slaves went to the king and asked: Why are you treating us like this? No one brings us any straw. Yet we are still ordered to make the same number of bricks. We are beaten with whips, and your own people are to blame. The king replied: You are lazy. You are just lazy! That is why you keep asking me to let you go and sacrifice to Jehovah. Get back to work! You will not be given straw, but you must still make the same number of bricks. The Israelite foremen realized they were in trouble when they were told: Do not make fewer bricks each day than you are supposed to. Leaving the Pharaoh, they found Moses and Aaron waiting for them. They said: May Jehovah see what you have done and judge you! You have made Pharaoh and his officials hate us. You have given them an excuse to kill us. Moses went back to Jehovah and asked: Why have you brought this trouble on your people? Why did you send me? Ever since I went to Pharaoh to speak for you, he has treated your people cruelly, and you have done nothing at all to rescue your people.
Jehovah said to Moses: Now you will see what I will do to Pharaoh. I will show him my power. He will let my people go! I will show him my power, and he will throw them out of his country.
Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh. They did as Jehovah commanded. Aaron threw his staff down in front of Pharaoh and his officials. It became a large snake.
Pharaoh continued to be stubborn. Just as Jehovah had predicted, he would not listen to them. Jehovah said to Moses: Pharaoh is being stubborn. He will not let my people go. read more. In the morning meet Pharaoh when he is on his way to the Nile. Wait for him on the bank of the river. Take the staff that turned into a snake. Say to Pharaoh: 'Jehovah the God of the Hebrews sent me to tell you, Let my people go to worship me in the wilderness. So far you have not listened.' Jehovah says: 'This is the way you will recognize that I am Jehovah: I will strike the Nile with this staff in my hand. The water will turn into blood.
Jehovah says: 'This is the way you will recognize that I am Jehovah: I will strike the Nile with this staff in my hand. The water will turn into blood. The fish in the Nile will die. The river will stink. The Egyptians will not be able to drink any water from the Nile.'
Moses and Aaron did as Jehovah commanded. Aaron raised his staff and struck the Nile in front of Pharaoh and his officials. All the water in the river turned into blood.
Moses and Aaron did as Jehovah commanded. Aaron raised his staff and struck the Nile in front of Pharaoh and his officials. All the water in the river turned into blood. The fish in the Nile died. The river smelled bad. The Egyptians could not drink any water from the river. There was blood everywhere in Egypt.
The fish in the Nile died. The river smelled bad. The Egyptians could not drink any water from the river. There was blood everywhere in Egypt. But the Egyptian magicians did the same thing using their magic spells. So Pharaoh continued to be stubborn. He would not listen to Moses and Aaron, just as Jehovah predicted. read more. Pharaoh turned and went back to his palace. This did not change his mind and heart. All the Egyptians dug along the Nile for water to drink because they could not drink any of the water from the river.
Then Jehovah said to Moses: Approach Pharaoh and say to him, 'Jehovah says: Let My people go, that they may serve me. But if you refuse to let them go, behold, I will afflict your whole territory with frogs. read more. The Nile will swarm with frogs. They will come up and go into your house and into your bedroom and on your bed. They will go into the houses of your servants and on your people, and into your ovens and into your kneading bowls. The frogs will come up on you and your people and all your servants.' Jehovah also said to Moses: Say to Aaron, 'Stretch out your hand with your staff over the rivers, over the streams and over the pools. Make frogs come up on the land of Egypt.' So Aaron stretched out his hand over the waters of Egypt. The frogs came up and covered the land of Egypt. But the magicians used their secret powers to do the same thing. The king sent for Moses and Aaron and told them: If you ask Jehovah to take these frogs away from me and my people, I will let your people go and offer sacrifices to him. Moses answered: You choose the time when I am to pray for the frogs to stop bothering you, your officials, and your people, and for them to leave your houses and be found only in the river. The king replied: Do it tomorrow! As you wish: Moses agreed. Then everyone will discover that there is no god like Jehovah! The frogs will no longer be found anywhere, except in the Nile. Moses and Aaron left the palace. Moses begged Jehovah to do something about the frogs he had sent as punishment for the king. Jehovah did as Moses asked. The frogs in the houses, the courtyards, and the fields died. The Egyptians piled them up in large mounds, until the land began to stink with them. The king saw that the frogs were dead. He became stubborn again and, just as Jehovah had said, the king would not listen to Moses and Aaron.
The king saw that the frogs were dead. He became stubborn again and, just as Jehovah had said, the king would not listen to Moses and Aaron. Jehovah said to Moses: Tell Aaron, Strike the ground with your stick. The dust will change into gnats in all of Egypt.' read more. So Aaron struck the ground with his stick. The dust in Egypt was turned into gnats. They swarmed over the people and the animals. The magicians tried to use their magic to make gnats appear, but they failed. There were gnats everywhere! The magicians said to the king: It is the finger of God! (God has done this!) But the king was stubborn. Just as Jehovah predicted, the king would not listen to Moses and Aaron. Jehovah said to Moses: Early tomorrow morning, go and meet the king as he goes to the river. Tell him that Jehovah says: 'Let my people go, so that they can serve me.
The king asked what had happened. He was told that none of the animals of the Israelites had died. He was stubborn and would not let the people go. Then Jehovah said to Moses and Aaron: Take a few handfuls of ashes from a furnace. Moses is to throw them into the air in front of the king. read more. They will spread out like fine dust over all the land of Egypt. They will produce boils that become open sores on the people and the animals. They got some ashes and stood before the king. Moses threw them into the air. They produced boils that became open sores on the people and the animals. The magicians were not able to appear before Moses, because they were covered with boils, like all the other Egyptians. Jehovah hardened the heart of Pharaoh and he did not listen to Moses and Aaron. Everything happened just as Jehovah had told Moses. Jehovah told Moses to get up early the next morning and say to the king: God of the Hebrews commands you to let his people go, so they can serve him! If you do not, he will send his worst plagues to strike you, your officials, and everyone else in your country. Then you will find out that no one can oppose Jehovah. He could already have sent a terrible disease and wiped you from the face of the earth. I have allowed you to remain, in order to show you my power and in order to proclaim my name through all the earth. Still you exalt yourself against my people by not letting them go. At this time tomorrow, I will send a very heavy hail, such as has not been seen in Egypt from the day it was founded until now. Bring your livestock and whatever you have in the field to safety. Every man and beast that is found in the field and is not brought home will die from the hail. The ones among the servants of Pharaoh who respected the word of Jehovah made his servants and his livestock flee into the houses. He who paid no regard to the word of Jehovah left his servants and his livestock in the field. Jehovah said to Moses: Stretch out your hand toward the sky. Hail will fall on all the land of Egypt, on man and on beast and on every plant of the field, throughout the land of Egypt.
Jehovah said to Moses: Stretch out your hand toward the sky. Hail will fall on all the land of Egypt, on man and on beast and on every plant of the field, throughout the land of Egypt. Moses stretched out his staff toward the sky. Then Jehovah sent thunder and hail, and fire ran down to the earth. Jehovah rained hail on the land of Egypt.
Moses stretched out his staff toward the sky. Then Jehovah sent thunder and hail, and fire ran down to the earth. Jehovah rained hail on the land of Egypt. It hailed, and lightning flashed while it hailed. This was the worst storm in all the land of Egypt since it had become a nation.
It hailed, and lightning flashed while it hailed. This was the worst storm in all the land of Egypt since it had become a nation. All over Egypt the hail knocked down everything that was out in the open. It struck down people, animals, and every plant in the fields and destroyed every tree in the fields.
All over Egypt the hail knocked down everything that was out in the open. It struck down people, animals, and every plant in the fields and destroyed every tree in the fields. The region of Goshen, where the Israelites lived, was the only place where there was no hail. read more. The king sent for Moses and Aaron and said: This time I have sinned. Jehovah is in the right. My people and I are in the wrong. Pray to Jehovah! We have had enough of this thunder and hail! I promise to let you go. You do not have to stay here any longer. Moses said to him: As soon as I go out of the city, I will lift up my hands in prayer to Jehovah. The thunder will stop. There will be no more hail. Thus you may know that the earth belongs to Jehovah. But I know that you and your servants do not yet respect Jehovah God. The flax and the barley were ruined, because the barley was ripe, and the flax was budding. But the wheat crops ripen later, and they were not damaged. Moses left the royal palace and the city. He lifted his arms in prayer to Jehovah. The thunder, hail, and drenching rain stopped. The king realized that the storm was over. He disobeyed once more. He and his officials were so stubborn that he refused to let the Israelites go. This was exactly what Jehovah said would happen.
Jehovah told Moses: Go back to the king. I have made him and his officials stubborn, so that I could work these signs. I did this because I want you to tell your children and your grandchildren about the mighty things and the signs I have done in Egypt. Then all of you will know that I am Jehovah. read more. Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and said to him: Thus says Jehovah, the God of the Hebrews, 'How long will you refuse to humble yourself before me? Let my people go, that they may serve me. If you refuse to let my people go, behold, tomorrow I will bring locusts into your territory. They shall cover the surface of the land. No one will be able to see the land. They will also eat the rest of what has escaped and is left to you from the hail. They will eat every tree that sprouts for you out of the field. Your houses shall be filled and the houses of all your servants and the houses of all the Egyptians. This is something neither your fathers nor your grandfathers have seen, from the day that they came upon the earth until this day. He turned and went out from Pharaoh.' Pharaoh's servants said to him: How long shall this man be a snare to us? Let the men go so that they may serve Jehovah their God. Do you not yet know that Egypt is destroyed? Moses and Aaron were brought again to Pharaoh. He said to them: Go! Serve Jehovah your God. Who are the ones that shall go? Moses said: We will go with our young and with our old, with our sons and with our daughters. We will go with our flocks and with our herds. We must hold a feast to Jehovah. He said to them: May Jehovah be with you, as I send you and your little ones away. Watch out for evil is before you. Not so! You men go now and serve Jehovah. It is you who desired it. So they were driven out from Pharaoh's presence. Jehovah said to Moses: Stretch out your hand over the land of Egypt for the locusts. Let them come up upon the land of Egypt and eat every herb of the land, all that the hail has left. Moses held his staff over the land of Egypt. Jehovah made a wind from the east blow over the land all that day and all that night. By morning the east wind had brought the locusts.
Moses held his staff over the land of Egypt. Jehovah made a wind from the east blow over the land all that day and all that night. By morning the east wind had brought the locusts. They invaded all of Egypt and landed all over the country in great swarms. Never before had there been so many locusts, nor would there ever be that many again.
They invaded all of Egypt and landed all over the country in great swarms. Never before had there been so many locusts, nor would there ever be that many again. They covered all the ground until it was black with them. They ate all the plants and all the fruit on the trees that the hail had left. Nothing green was left on any tree or plant anywhere in Egypt.
They covered all the ground until it was black with them. They ate all the plants and all the fruit on the trees that the hail had left. Nothing green was left on any tree or plant anywhere in Egypt.
They covered all the ground until it was black with them. They ate all the plants and all the fruit on the trees that the hail had left. Nothing green was left on any tree or plant anywhere in Egypt. Pharaoh quickly called for Moses and Aaron and said: I have sinned against Jehovah your God and against you. read more. Please forgive my sin one more time. Pray to Jehovah your God to take this deadly plague away from me. Moses left Pharaoh and prayed to Jehovah.
But Jehovah made the king stubborn. He did not let the Israelites go. Jehovah then said to Moses: Raise your hand toward the sky. Darkness thick enough to be felt will cover the land of Egypt. read more. Moses raised his hand toward the sky. Total darkness fell throughout Egypt for three days. The Egyptians could not see each other. No one left his house during that time. The Israelites, however, had light where they were living. The king called Moses. He said: You may go and worship Jehovah. Even your women and children may go with you. But your sheep, goats, and cattle must stay here. Moses answered: Then you would have to provide us with animals for sacrifices and burnt offerings to offer to Jehovah our God. No, we will take our animals with us! Not one will be left behind. We must select the animals with which to worship Jehovah our God. We will not know what animals to sacrifice to him until we get there. Jehovah made the king stubborn. He would not let them go. He said to Moses: Get out of my sight! Do not let me ever see you again! On the day I do, you will die!
Jehovah said to Moses: I will send only one more punishment (plague) on the king of Egypt and his people. After that he will let you leave. In fact, he will drive all of you out of here. Speak to the people of Israel and tell all of them to ask their neighbors for gold and silver jewelry. read more. Jehovah made the Egyptians respect the Israelites. Indeed, the officials and all the people considered Moses to be a very great man. Moses approached the king. He said: I have come to let you know what Jehovah is going to do. About midnight he will go through the land of Egypt, and wherever he goes, the first-born son in every family will die. Your own son will die. So will the son of the lowest slave woman. Even the first-born males of cattle will die. Everywhere in Egypt there will be loud crying. Nothing like this has ever happened before or will ever happen again. But against any of the sons of Israel a dog will not even bark, whether against man or beast. This is so you may understand how Jehovah makes a distinction between Egypt and Israel. All these your servants will come down to me and bow themselves before me. They will say: Go out, you and all the people who follow you. Then I will go out. He went out from Pharaoh in hot anger. Then Jehovah said to Moses: Pharaoh will not listen to you, so that my signs will be multiplied in the land of Egypt.
Jehovah said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt: This month shall be the beginning of months for you. It is to be the first month of the year to you. read more. Tell the whole community of Israel: 'On the tenth day of this month each man must take a sheep for his family, one animal per household. A household may be too small to eat a whole animal. That household and the one next-door can share one animal. Choose your animal based on the number of people and what each person can eat. Your animal must be a one-year-old male that has no defects. You may choose a lamb or a young goat. Take care of it until the fourteenth day of this month. Then at dusk, all the assembled people from the community of Israel must slaughter their animals. Some of the blood must be put on the two doorposts and above the door of each house where the animals are to be eaten. That night the animals are to be roasted and eaten, together with bitter herbs (greens) and unleavened bread made without yeast. Do not eat the meat raw or boiled. The entire animal, including its head, legs, and insides, must be roasted. Eat what you want that night, and the next morning burn whatever is left. Eat it in this manner: with your loins girded, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand. Eat it in haste. It is Jehovah's Passover.' Jehovah said: That night I will go through the land of Egypt. I will strike down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast. I will execute judgments against all the gods of Egypt! I am Jehovah! The blood will be a sign for you on the houses where you live. When I see the blood I will pass over you. No plague will befall you to destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt. This day will be a memorial to you. You shall celebrate it as a feast to Jehovah. You are to celebrate it as a permanent ordinance throughout your generations. You will eat unleavened bread for seven days. The first day you shall remove leaven from your houses. Whoever eats anything leavened from the first day until the seventh day will be cut off from Israel. You shall have a holy assembly on the first day. There should be another holy assembly on the seventh day. No work at all will be done on them, except what must be eaten by every person that alone may be prepared by you. You shall also observe the Feast of Unleavened Bread. That was the day I brought your hosts out of the land of Egypt. Observe this day throughout your generations as a long lasting ordinance. In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at evening, you shall eat unleavened bread, until the twenty-first day of the month at evening. There shall be no leaven found in your houses for seven days. Whoever eats what is leavened shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he is an alien or a native of the land. You shall not eat anything leavened. Eat unleavened bread in all your dwellings. Moses called all the elders of Israel and said: Take lambs according to your families and slay the Passover lamb. Take a bunch of hyssop and dip it in the blood that is in the basin. Apply some of the blood that is in the basin to the lintel and the two doorposts. No one shall go outside the door of his house until morning. Jehovah will pass through to strike the Egyptians. When he sees the blood on the top and sides of the doorframe, Jehovah will pass over the door and will not allow the destroyer to come in to your houses to kill you. You shall observe this event as an ordinance for you and your children from generation to generation. When you enter the land Jehovah will give you, as he has promised, you shall observe this rite. When your children ask you: What does this rite mean to you? You shall say: 'It is a Passover sacrifice to Jehovah who passed over the houses of the sons of Israel in Egypt when He killed the Egyptians, but spared our homes. The people bowed low and worshiped.' Then the sons of Israel did just as Jehovah had commanded Moses and Aaron. At midnight Jehovah killed every firstborn male in Egypt from the firstborn son of Pharaoh who ruled the land to the firstborn son of the prisoner in jail, and also every firstborn animal. Pharaoh, all his officials, and all the other Egyptians got up during the night. There was loud crying throughout Egypt because in every house someone had died. Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron during the night. He said: You and the Israelites must leave my people at once. Go serve Jehovah just as you requested. Take your flocks and herds, too, as you asked. Just go! And bless me, too! The Egyptians begged the people to leave the country quickly. They said: We will all be dead soon! The people picked up their bread dough before it had risen. They carried it on their shoulders in bowls and wrapped up in their clothes. The sons of Israel did what Moses told them. They asked the Egyptians for gold and silver jewelry and for clothes.
The Israelites left Rameses to go to Succoth. There were about six hundred thousand men on foot, plus all the women and children.
The Israelites left Rameses to go to Succoth. There were about six hundred thousand men on foot, plus all the women and children. Many other people also went with them, along with large numbers of sheep, goats, and cattle. read more. With the dough they had brought from Egypt, they baked round, flat bread. The dough had not risen because they had been thrown out of Egypt and had no time to prepare food for the trip. The Israelites had been living in Egypt for four hundred and thirty years.
The Israelites had been living in Egypt for four hundred and thirty years. After exactly four hundred and thirty years all of Jehovah's people left Egypt in organized family groups. read more. It is a night to be observed for Jehovah for having brought them out from the land of Egypt. This night is for Jehovah and should be observed by all the sons of Israel throughout their generations. Jehovah said to Moses and Aaron: This is the ordinance of the Passover: no foreigner is to eat of it. After you have circumcised your purchased slave he may eat of it. No foreigner visiting you may eat it. No hired worker may eat it. The meal must be eaten inside one house. Never take any of the meat outside the house. Do not break any of the bones. The entire community of Israel must celebrate the Passover. The uncircumcised man may not eat it. If a foreigner has settled among you and wants to celebrate Passover to honor Jehovah, you must first circumcise all the males of his household. He is then to be treated like a native-born Israelite and may join in the festival. The same regulations apply to native-born Israelites and to foreigners who settle among you. All the Israelites obeyed. They did what Jehovah had commanded Moses and Aaron. On that day Jehovah brought the Israelite tribes out of Egypt.
Moses said to the people: Remember this day in the month of Abib. It is the day Jehovah's mighty power rescued you from slavery in Egypt. Do not eat anything made with yeast. You are going out this day in the month Abib. read more. Jehovah shall bring you into the land of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites. He swore to your fathers to give you this land flowing with milk and honey. You shall observe this rite in this month. You must eat unleavened bread seven days. The seventh day will be a feast to Jehovah. Unleavened bread shall be eaten seven days. No leavened bread shall be seen with you or in all your borders. On that day tell your children: 'We do this because of what Jehovah did for us when we left Egypt.' This festival will be like a mark on your hand. It will be a reminder on your forehead that the teachings of Jehovah are always to be a part of your conversation! Jehovah used his mighty hand to bring you out of Egypt. You must follow these rules every year at this time. When Jehovah brings you to the land of the Canaanites and gives it to you, as he swore to you and your ancestors, sacrifice every firstborn male offspring to Jehovah. The firstborn male offspring of each of your animals belongs to Jehovah. It will cost you a sheep or a goat to buy any firstborn donkey back from Jehovah. You must break the donkey's neck if you do not buy it back. You must also buy every firstborn son back from Jehovah. In the future when your children ask you, 'What does this mean?' tell them: 'Jehovah used his mighty hand to bring us out of slavery in Egypt.'' Pharaoh was too stubborn to let us go. Because of this every firstborn male in Egypt-human and animal was killed. This is why we sacrifice every firstborn male to Jehovah and buy every firstborn son back from Jehovah. This festival will be like a mark on your hand and like a band on your forehead, because Jehovah used his mighty hand to bring us out of Egypt. When the king of Egypt let the people go God did not take them on the road that goes up the coast to Philistia, although it was the shortest way. God thought: I do not want the people to change their minds and return to Egypt when they see that they are going to have to fight. He led them by way of the desert by the Red Sea. The Israelites were armed for battle. Moses took the body of Joseph with him. Joseph made the Israelites solemnly promise to do so. Joseph said: When God rescues you, you must carry my body with you from this place. The Israelites left Sukkoth and camped at Etham on the edge of the desert. Jehovah went in front of them in a pillar of cloud to show them the way during the day. He went in front of them in a pillar of fire to give them light, so that they could travel at night.
Jehovah said to Moses: Tell the Israelites to turn back and camp in front of Pi Hahiroth, between Migdol and the Red Sea, near Baal Zephon. read more. The king will think that the Israelites are wandering around in the country and are closed in by the desert. I will make him stubborn. He will pursue you. My victory over the king and his army will bring me honor. Then the Egyptians will know that I am Jehovah! The Israelites did as they were told. The king of Egypt was told that the people had escaped. He and his officials changed their minds and said: What have we done? We have let the Israelites escape, and we have lost them as our slaves!
Jehovah made the king so stubborn that he went after them. The Israelites proudly went on their way. The king's horses and chariots and soldiers caught up with them while they were camping by the Red Sea near Pi-Hahiroth and Baal-Zephon. read more. The Israelites saw the king coming with his army. They were frightened and begged Jehovah for help.
The Israelites saw the king coming with his army. They were frightened and begged Jehovah for help. They also complained to Moses: Was there not enough room in Egypt to bury us? Is that why you brought us out here to die in the desert? Why did you bring us out of Egypt? read more. Did we not say in Egypt: Leave us alone that we may serve the Egyptians? It would have been better for us to serve the Egyptians than to die in the desert. But Moses said to the people: Do not fear! Stand by and see the salvation of Jehovah. He will accomplish this for you today. The Egyptians whom you have seen today, you will never see them again forever. Jehovah will fight for you while you keep silent. Jehovah said to Moses: Why are you crying out to me? Tell the sons of Israel to go forward.
Jehovah said to Moses: Why are you crying out to me? Tell the sons of Israel to go forward. As for you, lift up your staff and stretch out your hand over the sea and divide it. The sons of Israel shall go through the midst of the sea on dry land.
As for you, lift up your staff and stretch out your hand over the sea and divide it. The sons of Israel shall go through the midst of the sea on dry land. I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians so that they will go in after them. I will be honored through Pharaoh and all his army, through his chariots and his horsemen. read more. Then the Egyptians will know that I am Jehovah, when I am honored through Pharaoh, through his chariots and his horsemen. The angel of God, who had been going before the camp of Israel, moved and went behind them. The pillar of cloud moved from before them and stood behind them.
The angel of God, who had been going before the camp of Israel, moved and went behind them. The pillar of cloud moved from before them and stood behind them. So it came between the camp of Egypt and the camp of Israel. There was the cloud along with the darkness, yet it gave light at night. Thus the one did not come near the other all night.
So it came between the camp of Egypt and the camp of Israel. There was the cloud along with the darkness, yet it gave light at night. Thus the one did not come near the other all night. Moses stretched out his hand over the sea. Jehovah swept the sea back by a strong east wind all night and turned the sea into dry land. The waters were divided.
Moses stretched out his hand over the sea. Jehovah swept the sea back by a strong east wind all night and turned the sea into dry land. The waters were divided. The Israelites went through the middle of the sea on dry ground. The water stood like a wall on their right and on their left.
Just before dawn, Jehovah looked down from the column of fire and smoke and threw the Egyptian camp into a panic. He made the wheels of their chariots come off. They could hardly move. Then the Egyptians shouted: Let us get out of here! Jehovah is fighting for Israel! He is against us!
He made the wheels of their chariots come off. They could hardly move. Then the Egyptians shouted: Let us get out of here! Jehovah is fighting for Israel! He is against us! Jehovah then said to Moses: Hold out your hand over the sea, and the water will flow back over the Egyptians and their chariots and drivers. read more. Moses held out his hand over the sea. At daybreak the water returned to its normal level. The Egyptians tried to escape from the water. But Jehovah threw them into the sea.
Moses held out his hand over the sea. At daybreak the water returned to its normal level. The Egyptians tried to escape from the water. But Jehovah threw them into the sea. The water returned and covered the chariots, the drivers, and all the Egyptian army that had followed the Israelites into the sea. None of them were left.
The water returned and covered the chariots, the drivers, and all the Egyptian army that had followed the Israelites into the sea. None of them were left. On the other hand, the Israelites walked through the sea on dry ground, with walls of water on both sides. read more. That day Jehovah saved the people of Israel from the Egyptians. The Israelites saw them lying dead on the seashore.
Moses and the Israelites sang this song to Jehovah: I will sing to Jehovah, because he has won a glorious victory. He has thrown the horses and their riders into the sea. Jehovah is my strong defender. He is the one who has saved me. He is my God, and I will praise him, my father's God, and I will sing about his greatness. read more. Jehovah is His name, and he is a warrior! He threw the chariots and army of Egypt's king into the Red Sea, and he drowned the best of the king's army. The depths have covered them. They sank to the bottom just like boulders. With the tremendous force of your right arm, Jehovah, you crushed your enemies. In the greatness of your excellence you overthrow those who rose up against you. You sent your wrath and consumed them like stubble. With a blast from your nostrils, the water piled up. The waves stood up like a dam. The deep water thickened in the middle of the sea. The enemy said: 'I will pursue them! I will catch them! I will divide the loot! I will take all I want! I will use my sword! I will take all they have!' Your breath blew the sea over them. They sank like lead in the raging water. Who among the gods is like you Jehovah? Who is like you, wonderful in holiness? Who can work wonders and mighty acts like yours? You stretched out your right hand, and the earth swallowed our enemies. Using your powerful love, you rescued (redeemed) the people. Nations learned of this and trembled. The Philistines shook with horror. The sheiks (chiefs) of Edom were dismayed. The leaders of Moab are griped with fear. The inhabitants of Canaan are filled with fear. Terror and dread fall upon them. By the greatness of your arm they are motionless as stone. Until your people pass over, O Jehovah, until the people pass over whom you have purchased. You will bring them and plant them on your own mountain, the place where you live, O Jehovah, the holy place that you built with your own hands, O Jehovah. Jehovah will rule as king forever and ever. When Pharaoh's horses, chariots, and cavalry went into the sea, Jehovah made the water of the sea flow back over them. The Israelites had gone through the sea on dry ground. The prophet Miriam, Aaron's sister, took a tambourine in her hand. All the women, danced with tambourines, and followed her.
Moses led Israel away from the Red Sea into the desert of Shur. For three days they traveled in the desert without finding water. When they came to Marah, they could not drink the water because it tasted bitter. That is why the place was called Marah (Bitter Place). read more. The people complained about Moses. They asked: What can we drink? Moses cried out to Jehovah. Jehovah showed him a piece of wood. He threw it into the water, and the water became sweet. Jehovah presented laws and rules for them to live by. He tested them there.
Then they went to Elim. There were twelve springs and seventy palm trees. They camped there by the water.
The whole congregation of Israelites moved from Elim to the desert of Sin, which is between Elim and Sinai. This was on the fifteenth day of the second month after they left Egypt. The entire congregation complained about Moses and Aaron in the desert. read more. The Israelites said to them: If only Jehovah had allowed us to die in Egypt! There we sat by our pots of meat and ate all the food we wanted! You brought us out into this desert to let us all starve to death! Jehovah said to Moses: I am going to cause food to rain down from the sky for all of you. The people must go out every day and gather enough for that day. In this way I can test them to find out if they will follow my instructions.
Moses and Aaron said to all the Israelites: This evening you will know that it was Jehovah who brought you out of Egypt. In the morning you will see the glory of Jehovah's presence. He hears your complaints against him. But what are we that you complain against us? read more. Moses said: This will happen when Jehovah gives you meat to eat in the evening, and bread to eat in the morning. Jehovah hears your complaints against him. And what are we? Your complaints are not against us but against Jehovah. Moses said to Aaron: Say to all the congregation of the sons of Israel: 'Come near before Jehovah for he has heard your complaints.' Aaron was speaking to them, when everyone looked out toward the desert and saw the bright glory of Jehovah in a cloud. Jehovah said to Moses: I have heard my people complain. I said to them: 'Each evening you will have meat and each morning they will have more than enough bread.' Then you will know that I am Jehovah their God.' That evening many quails came and landed everywhere in the camp, and the next morning dew covered the ground.
When the children of Israel saw, they said to one another: What is this? For they did not know what it was. Moses said to them: This is the bread Jehovah has given you to eat. This is what Jehovah has commanded: Each man should gather according to what he can eat. You shall take two quarts for each person in your tent.
This is what Jehovah has commanded: Each man should gather according to what he can eat. You shall take two quarts for each person in your tent. The sons of Israel did this. Some gathered much and some little. read more. They measured it. Those who gathered much did not have too much. Some who gathered less did not have too little. Each had gathered just what he needed. Moses said: No one is to keep any of it for tomorrow.
Moses said: No one is to keep any of it for tomorrow. Some of them did not listen to Moses and saved part of it. The next morning it was full of worms and smelled rotten. Moses was angry with them.
Some of them did not listen to Moses and saved part of it. The next morning it was full of worms and smelled rotten. Moses was angry with them. Every morning each one gathered as much as he needed. When the sun grew hot, what was left on the ground melted.
Every morning each one gathered as much as he needed. When the sun grew hot, what was left on the ground melted. The sixth day they gathered twice as much food, four quarts for each person. All the leaders of the congregation came and told Moses about it. (Mark 15:42) read more. Moses said: Jehovah has commanded that tomorrow is a holy day of rest, dedicated to God. Bake today what you want to bake and boil what you want to boil. Whatever is left should be put aside and kept for tomorrow. They kept what was left until the next day as Moses commanded. It did not spoil or get worms in it.
The house of Israel called its name manna. It was like coriander seed, white in color. It tasted like wafers made with honey. Moses said: This is what Jehovah has commanded: 'Let two quarts of it be kept throughout your generations. Then they may see the bread with which I fed you in the wilderness, when I brought you out of the land of Egypt.' read more. Moses said to Aaron: Take a jar, and put two quarts of manna in it. Place it before Jehovah, to be kept throughout your generations. Aaron placed it before the Testimony, to be kept just as Jehovah commanded Moses.
Aaron placed it before the Testimony, to be kept just as Jehovah commanded Moses. The children of Israel ate the manna forty years, until they came to an inhabited land. They ate the manna until they came to the border of the land of Canaan.
The children of Israel ate the manna forty years, until they came to an inhabited land. They ate the manna until they came to the border of the land of Canaan. The standard dry measure used in Moses' day equaled twenty quarts.
The entire congregation of Israelites left the desert of Sin and traveled from place to place as Jehovah commanded them. They camped at Rephidim, but there was no water for the people to drink.
The entire congregation of Israelites left the desert of Sin and traveled from place to place as Jehovah commanded them. They camped at Rephidim, but there was no water for the people to drink. So they complained to Moses about this: Give us water to drink! Moses said: Why do you complain to me? Why do you test Jehovah?
So they complained to Moses about this: Give us water to drink! Moses said: Why do you complain to me? Why do you test Jehovah? The people were thirsty for water. They complained to Moses and asked: Why did you bring us out of Egypt? Was it to make us, our children, and our livestock die of thirst? read more. Moses cried out to Jehovah: What should I do with these people? They are almost ready to stone me! Jehovah said to Moses: Go in front of the people. Take the elders of Israel with you. Take your rod with which you struck the river, in your hand, and go. Behold! I will stand before you there upon the rock in Horeb. Strike the rock and water will come out of it. Then the people may drink. Moses did this in the sight of the elders of Israel. He called the name of the place Massah, and Meribah, because of the complaining of the children of Israel, and because they tested Jehovah, saying: Is Jehovah among us or not?
He called the name of the place Massah, and Meribah, because of the complaining of the children of Israel, and because they tested Jehovah, saying: Is Jehovah among us or not?
They traveled from Rephidim to the desert of Sinai. Israel camped in the wilderness at the foot of Mount Sinai.
They traveled from Rephidim to the desert of Sinai. Israel camped in the wilderness at the foot of Mount Sinai. Jehovah called Moses from the mountain. So Moses went up the mountain to God. Jehovah told him: This is what you must say to the descendants of Jacob. Tell the Israelites: read more. You have seen what I did to Egypt and how I carried you on the wings of eagles and brought you to me. If you will obey me and are faithful to the terms of my covenant, then out of all the nations you will be my own special possession, for all the earth is mine. You will be my kingdom of priests and my holy nation. These are the words you must speak to the children of Israel.' Moses went down the mountain and called for the elders of the people. He repeated to them all the words that Jehovah had commanded him. All the people answered together: We will do everything Jehovah has said. So Moses brought their answer back to Jehovah. Jehovah said to Moses: I will come to you in a thick cloud. The people will hear me speaking with you and will believe you from now on. Moses gave Jehovah the people's answer.
Jehovah said to Moses: I will come to you in a thick cloud. The people will hear me speaking with you and will believe you from now on. Moses gave Jehovah the people's answer. Jehovah continued: Go to the people and tell them to spend today and tomorrow purifying themselves for worship. They must wash their clothes.
Jehovah continued: Go to the people and tell them to spend today and tomorrow purifying themselves for worship. They must wash their clothes. They should be ready in three days. I will descend to Mount Sinai, where all of them can see me.
They should be ready in three days. I will descend to Mount Sinai, where all of them can see me.
They should be ready in three days. I will descend to Mount Sinai, where all of them can see me. Warn the people that they are forbidden to touch any part of the mountain. Anyone who touches the mountain will be put to death,
Moses went down from the mountain to the people. He consecrated the people, and they washed their garments. He said to the people: Get ready for the third day. Do not go near a woman for sexual intercourse. read more. On the morning of the third day there were thunder and lightning flashes and a thick cloud upon the mountain. A very loud trumpet sounded. It caused all the people in the camp to tremble. Moses brought the people out of the camp to meet God. They stood at the foot of the mountain. Mount Sinai was all in smoke because Jehovah descended upon it in fire. Its smoke ascended like the smoke of a furnace. The whole mountain quaked violently! The sound of the trumpet grew louder and louder. Moses spoke and God answered him with thunder. Jehovah descended on the top of Mount Sinai. Jehovah called Moses to the top of the mountain. Moses climbed to the peak of Mount Sinai. Jehovah spoke to Moses: Go down and warn the people. They should not break through to gaze at Jehovah. Many of them would perish. Let the priests who come near to Jehovah consecrate (purify) themselves, or else Jehovah will destroy them.
Jehovah replied to him: You and Aaron come up to me. But do not let the priests and the people break through to come up to Jehovah, or he will destroy some of them.
God spoke all these words: I am Jehovah your God, who brought you out of slavery in Egypt. read more. Do not have any other god. Do not make your own carved idols or statues that represent any creature in the sky, on the earth, or in the water. Do not worship them or serve them. I, Jehovah your God, am a God demanding exclusive devotion. (I do not tolerate rivals.) I will not share your affection with any other god. I punish children for their parents' sins to the third and fourth generation of those who hate me. I show mercy (loving kindness) to thousands of generations of those who love me and obey my commandments. Never use the name of Jehovah your God in a false and evil way. Jehovah will make sure that anyone who is false, evil, careless and vain with his name will be punished. Remember the Sabbath day and keep it holy. You have six days to do all your work. The seventh day is a Sabbath dedicated to Jehovah your God. Do not do any work, you or your son or your daughter, your male or your female servant or your cattle or your sojourner who stays with you. Jehovah made the heavens and the earth, the sea and all that is in them in six days. He rested on the seventh day. Therefore Jehovah blessed the Sabbath day and made it holy. Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be prolonged in the land Jehovah your God gives you. Do not murder. Do not commit adultery. Do not steal. Do not (lie) accuse anyone falsely. Do not covet (desire) another man's house. Do not desire his wife, his slaves, his cattle, his donkeys, or anything else that he owns. The people heard the thunder and the trumpet blast. They saw the lightning and the smoking mountain. They trembled with fear and stood at a distance. They said to Moses: If you speak to us, we will listen. However, we are afraid that if God speaks to us, we will die. Moses responded: Do not be afraid. God has only come to test you and to inspire you to obey him, so that you will not sin. But the people continued to stand at a distance. Only Moses went near the dark cloud where God was. Jehovah commanded Moses to tell the Israelites: You have seen how I have spoken to you from heaven.
When a man seduces a virgin who is not engaged to anyone and has sexual intercourse with her, he must pay the bride price and marry her. If her father refuses to give her to him, he must pay an amount of money equal to the bride price for virgins.
Do not allow them to live in your land for they will make you sin against me. If you serve their gods it will be a snare to you.
Do not allow them to live in your land for they will make you sin against me. If you serve their gods it will be a snare to you.
Jehovah said to Moses: You and Aaron, Nadab, Abihu, and seventy of Israel's elders come up the mountain to me and worship at a distance.
Moses told the people all Jehovah's words and legal decisions. Then all the people answered with one voice: We will do everything Jehovah told us to do. Moses wrote down all Jehovah's words. Early the next morning he built an altar at the foot of the mountain. He erected twelve sacred stones for the twelve tribes of Israel. read more. Moses sent young men to burn sacrifices to Jehovah. They sacrificed some cattle as peace offerings. Moses took half of the blood of the animals and put it in bowls. The other half he threw against the altar. He took the book of the covenant, in which Jehovah's commandments were written, and read it aloud to the people. They said: We will obey Jehovah. We will do everything that he has commanded. Moses took the blood from the bowls and sprinkled it on the people. Next, he told them: With this blood Jehovah makes his agreement with you.
Jehovah said to Moses: Come up on the mountain and stay here for a while. I will give you the two stone tablets on which I have written the laws that my people must obey. Moses and Joshua his assistant got ready. Moses started up the mountain to meet with God. read more. He said to the elders: Wait here for us until we return to you. Aaron and Hur are with you. Anyone with a legal matter should approach them. Moses went up to the mountain. The cloud covered the mountain.
Moses went up to the mountain. The cloud covered the mountain. The glory of Jehovah rested on Mount Sinai. The cloud covered it for six days. God called to Moses on the seventh day. He spoke from inside the cloud. read more. To the eyes of the Israelites the appearance of the glory of Jehovah was like a consuming fire on the top of the mountain. Moses entered the midst of the cloud as he went up to the mountain. He was on the mountain forty days and forty nights.
Moses entered the midst of the cloud as he went up to the mountain. He was on the mountain forty days and forty nights.
When God finished speaking to Moses on Mount Sinai, He gave him the two tablets of the testimony, tablets of stone, written by the finger of God.
When God finished speaking to Moses on Mount Sinai, He gave him the two tablets of the testimony, tablets of stone, written by the finger of God.
The people saw that Moses delayed coming down from the mountain. They gathered around Aaron. They said to him: We do not know what has happened to Moses, the man who led us out of Egypt. Make gods to lead us. Aaron replied: Have your wives, sons, and daughters take off the gold earrings they are wearing. Bring them to me. read more. The people took off their gold earrings and handed them to Aaron. After he worked on the gold with a tool, he made it into a statue of a calf. Then they said: Israel, this is your god, who brought you out of Egypt.
After he worked on the gold with a tool, he made it into a statue of a calf. Then they said: Israel, this is your god, who brought you out of Egypt. Aaron built an altar in front of it when he saw what happened. Then he announced: Tomorrow there will be a festival in Jehovah's honor. read more. Early the next day the people sacrificed burnt offerings and brought peace offerings. After that they sat down to a feast, which turned into an orgy.
Early the next day the people sacrificed burnt offerings and brought peace offerings. After that they sat down to a feast, which turned into an orgy. Jehovah said to Moses: Go down there. Your people whom you brought out of Egypt have corrupted themselves.
Jehovah said to Moses: Go down there. Your people whom you brought out of Egypt have corrupted themselves. They have already turned from the way I commanded them to live. They made a statue of a calf for themselves. They have bowed down to it and offered sacrifices to it. They said: Israel, here is your god who brought you out of Egypt.'
They have already turned from the way I commanded them to live. They made a statue of a calf for themselves. They have bowed down to it and offered sacrifices to it. They said: Israel, here is your god who brought you out of Egypt.' Jehovah added: I have seen these people. They have an iron sinew (stiff necked people) (are impossible to deal with).
Jehovah added: I have seen these people. They have an iron sinew (stiff necked people) (are impossible to deal with). Now let me alone. Let my anger burn against them. I am so angry with them I am going to destroy them. Then I will make you into a great nation.
Now let me alone. Let my anger burn against them. I am so angry with them I am going to destroy them. Then I will make you into a great nation. But Moses pleaded with Jehovah his God. Jehovah, he said, why are you so angry with your people? These are your people whom you brought out of Egypt using your great power and mighty hand!
But Moses pleaded with Jehovah his God. Jehovah, he said, why are you so angry with your people? These are your people whom you brought out of Egypt using your great power and mighty hand! Do not let the Egyptians say: 'He was planning all along to kill them in the mountains and wipe them off the face of the earth. That is why he brought them out of our land.' Do not be so angry. Reconsider your decision to bring this disaster on your people.
So Jehovah changed his mind and did not bring disaster on his people as he threatened. Moses went back down the mountain. He carried the two stone tablets with the commandments written on both sides. read more. God made the tablets and engraved the commandments on them. Joshua heard the people shouting and said to Moses: I hear the sound of war in the camp. Moses replied: That does not sound like a shout of victory or a cry of defeat; it is the sound of singing. Moses came close enough to the camp at the foot of the mountain to see the bull-calf and to see the people dancing. He became furious! He threw down the tablets he was carrying and broke them. He took the bull-calf that they had made, melted it, ground it into fine powder, and mixed it with water. Then he made the people of Israel drink it. Moses asked Aaron: What did these people do to harm you? Why did you make them sin in this terrible way? Aaron said, Do not be angry with me. You know the people as well as I do. They are determined to do evil. They said to me: 'That man Moses led us out of Egypt, but now we do not know what has happened to him. Make us a god to lead us.' Then I asked them to bring me their gold earrings. They took them off and gave them to me. I threw the gold into a fire, and out came this bull. Moses saw that the people were naked. Aaron had made them naked to their shame among their enemies.
Moses saw that the people were naked. Aaron had made them naked to their shame among their enemies. Moses stood in the gate of the camp and said: Who is on Jehovah's side? Come to me. All the sons of Levi came to him. read more. He said to them, Jehovah, the God of Israel says: 'Each man put his sword by his side. Go in and out from gate to gate throughout the camp. Kill each one his brother, and each one his neighbor, and each one his kindred.' The sons of Levi did according to the word of Moses. About three thousand men died that day. Moses said: Today you are ordained as Jehovah's. God gave you a blessing today. Each of you fought with your own sons and brothers. The next day Moses said to the people: You have committed a serious sin. Now I will go up the mountain to Jehovah. Maybe I will be able to make a payment for your sin and make atonement with Jehovah for your sin. So Moses went back to Jehovah and said: These people have committed such a serious sin! They made a god out of gold for themselves. Will you forgive their sin? If not, please wipe me out of the book you have written. Jehovah answered Moses: I will wipe out of my book whoever sins against me. Now, go and lead the people to the place I told you about. My angel will go ahead of you. But on the day when I punish, I will punish them for their sin.
Now, go and lead the people to the place I told you about. My angel will go ahead of you. But on the day when I punish, I will punish them for their sin. Jehovah killed people because they had Aaron make the calf.
Jehovah said to Moses: You and the people you brought out of Egypt must leave this place. Go to the land I promised to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob with an oath, saying: 'I will give it to your descendants.'
Jehovah said to Moses: You and the people you brought out of Egypt must leave this place. Go to the land I promised to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob with an oath, saying: 'I will give it to your descendants.' I will send an angel ahead of you. I will force out the Canaanites, Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites. read more. Go to that land flowing with milk and honey. I will not be with you, because you are impossible to deal with. I would probably destroy you on the way.
Go to that land flowing with milk and honey. I will not be with you, because you are impossible to deal with. I would probably destroy you on the way.
Moses said to Jehovah: It is true that you have told me to lead these people to that land, but you did not tell me whom you would send with me. You said that you know me well and are pleased with me. If you are, tell me your plans, so that I may serve you and continue to please you. Remember also that you have chosen this nation to be your own. read more. Jehovah replied: I will go with you and give you peace. Moses said: If you are not going with us, please do not make us leave this place. If you do go with us, everyone will know that you are pleased with your people and with me. That way, we will be different from the rest of the people on earth. Jehovah said to Moses: I will do this thing of which you have spoken. You have found favor in my sight. I have known you by name. Then Moses said: Please show me your glory! Jehovah said: I will make all my goodness pass in front of you. I will call out my name, JEHOVAH. I will be kind to anyone I want to. I will be merciful to anyone I want to. But he said: You cannot see my face, because no one may see me and live. Then Jehovah said: Look, there is a place near me. Stand by this rocky cliff. When my glory passes by, I will put you in a crevice in the cliff and cover you with my hand until I have passed by. Then I will take my hand away, and you will see my back, but my face must not be seen.
Jehovah said to Moses: Cut two more stone tablets like the first ones. I will write on them the words that were on the first tablets that you smashed.
Moses cut two more stone tablets. Early the next morning he carried them up Mount Sinai, just as Jehovah commanded.
Moses came down from Mount Sinai. The two tablets of the testimony were in Moses' hand as he came down from the mountain. Moses did not know that the skin of his face glowed because he spoke with God. Aaron and all the Israelites looked at Moses and saw his face glowing. They were afraid to come near him. read more. Moses called to them. Aaron and all the leaders of the congregation came back to him. Then Moses spoke to them. All the other Israelites came near him. He commanded them to do everything Jehovah told him on Mount Sinai. Moses put a veil over his face when he finished speaking. When Moses went into Jehovah's presence to speak with him, he took off the veil until he came out. When he came out and told the Israelites what he had been commanded, they would see that Moses' face was glowing. Moses would put the veil back on until he went in again to speak with Jehovah.
they would see that Moses' face was glowing. Moses would put the veil back on until he went in again to speak with Jehovah.
Moses said to his brother-in-law Hobab son of Jethro the Midianite: We are about to start out for the place Jehovah said he would give us. He promised to make Israel prosperous, so come with us, and we will share our prosperity with you.
I made an Ark out of acacia wood and cut out two tablets of stone like the first ones. Then I took the two tablets in my hands and went up on the mountain.
Then I came down from the mountain and put the tablets in the Ark I had made. They are there just as Jehovah commanded me.
Smith
Ex'odus
(that is, going out [of Egypt]), the second book of the law or Pentateuch. Its author was Moses. It was written probably during the forty-years wanderings int he wilderness, between B.C. 1491 and 1451. It may be divided into two principal parts:
1. Historical, chs.
... and
2. Legislative, chs.
1. The first part contains an account of the following particulars: the great increase of Jacob's posterity in the land of Egypt, and their oppression under a new dynasty, which occupied the throne after the death of Joseph; the birth, education, flight and return of Moses; the ineffectual attempts to prevail upon Pharaoh to let the Israelites go; the successive signs and wonders, ending in the death of the first-born, by means of which the deliverance of Israel from the land of bondage is at length accomplished, and the institution of the Passover; finally the departure out of Egypt and the arrival of the Israelites at Mount Sinai.
2. This part gives a sketch of the early history of Israel as a nation; and the history has three clearly-marked stages. First we see a nation enslaved; next a nation redeemed; lastly a nation set apart, and through the blending of its religious and political life consecrated to the service of God.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
These are the names of the sons of Israel who came with their families and with Jacob to Egypt: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah; read more. Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin; Dan and Naphtali and Gad and Asher. Joseph was already in Egypt. The total number of Jacob's descendants was seventy. Joseph, all his brothers, and that entire generation died. The children of Israel had many children. They became so numerous and strong that the land was filled with them. A new king, who knew nothing about Joseph, began to rule in Egypt. He said to his people: There are too many Israelites! They are stronger than we are. We must outsmart them or they will increase in number. If war breaks out they will leave the country and join our enemies to fight against us. So the Egyptians put slave masters over them in order to oppress them through forced labor. They built Pithom and Rameses as supply (storage) cities for Pharaoh. However the more the Israelites were oppressed, the more they increased in number and spread out. The Egyptians could not stand them any longer. They forced the Israelites to work hard as slaves. They made their lives bitter with backbreaking work in mortar and bricks and every kind of work in the fields. All the jobs the Egyptians gave them were brutally hard work. The king of Egypt spoke to the Hebrew midwives. Shiphrah and Puah were among them. He said: When you help the Hebrew women give birth on the birth stool, if it is a son you shall put him to death. If it is a daughter, then she shall live. The midwives respected God and did not do as the king of Egypt commanded them. They let the boys live. So the king of Egypt called for the midwives and said: Why have you let the boys live?
Build the altar with acacia wood. It should be seven and one half feet square and four and one half feet tall.
The north side was also one hundred and fifty feet long with twenty posts and twenty copper bases. The hooks and bands on the posts were made of silver.
Watsons
EXODUS, from ??, out, and ????, a way, the name of the second book of Moses, and is so called in the Greek version because it relates to the departure of the Israelites out of Egypt. It comprehends the history of about a hundred and forty-five years; and the principal events contained in it are, the bondage of the Israelites in Egypt, and their miraculous deliverance by the hand of Moses; their entrance into the wilderness of Sinai; the promulgation of the law, and the building of the tabernacle. See PENTATEUCH.