Reference: Philippians, Epistle To
Easton
was written by Paul during the two years when he was "in bonds" in Rome (Php 1:7-13), probably early in the year A.D. 62 or in the end of 61.
The Philippians had sent Epaphroditus, their messenger, with contributions to meet the necessities of the apostle; and on his return Paul sent back with him this letter. With this precious communication Epaphroditus sets out on his homeward journey. "The joy caused by his return, and the effect of this wonderful letter when first read in the church of Philippi, are hidden from us. And we may almost say that with this letter the church itself passes from our view. To-day, in silent meadows, quiet cattle browse among the ruins which mark the site of what was once the flourishing Roman colony of Philippi, the home of the most attractive church of the apostolic age. But the name and fame and spiritual influence of that church will never pass. To myriads of men and women in every age and nation the letter written in a dungeon at Rome, and carried along the Egnatian Way by an obscure Christian messenger, has been a light divine and a cheerful guide along the most rugged paths of life" (Professor Beet).
The church at Philippi was the first-fruits of European Christianity. Their attachment to the apostle was very fervent, and so also was his affection for them. They alone of all the churches helped him by their contributions, which he gratefully acknowledges (Ac 20:33-35; 2Co 11:7-12; 2Th 3:8). The pecuniary liberality of the Philippians comes out very conspicuously (Php 4:15). "This was a characteristic of the Macedonian missions, as 2Co 8 and 2Co 9 amply and beautifully prove. It is remarkable that the Macedonian converts were, as a class, very poor (2Co 8:2); and the parallel facts, their poverty and their open-handed support of the great missionary and his work, are deeply harmonious. At the present day the missionary liberality of poor Christians is, in proportion, really greater than that of the rich" (Moule's Philippians, Introd.).
The contents of this epistle give an interesting insight into the condition of the church at Rome at the time it was written. Paul's imprisonment, we are informed, was no hindrance to his preaching the gospel, but rather "turned out to the furtherance of the gospel." The gospel spread very extensively among the Roman soldiers, with whom he was in constant contact, and the Christians grew into a "vast multitude." It is plain that Christianity was at this time making rapid advancement in Rome.
The doctrinal statements of this epistle bear a close relation to those of the Epistle to the Romans. Compare also Php 3:20 with Eph 2:12,19, where the church is presented under the idea of a city or commonwealth for the first time in Paul's writings. The personal glory of Christ is also set forth in almost parallel forms of expression in Php 2:5-11, compared with Eph 1:17-23; 2:8; and Col 1:15-20. "This exposition of the grace and wonder of His personal majesty, personal self-abasement, and personal exaltation after it," found in these epistles, "is, in a great measure, a new development in the revelations given through St. Paul" (Moule). Other minuter analogies in forms of expression and of thought are also found in these epistles of the Captivity.
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I have coveted no one's silver, or gold, or apparel: and ye yourselves know that these hands have ministred to my necessities, and to those that were with me. read more. I have shewed you in all things, that by labouring thus ye ought to support the infirm; and to remember the words of the Lord Jesus, who said, It is more blessed to give than to receive.
how in a great trial of affliction, their abundant chearfulness and their deep poverty, hath munificently shewn the riches of their bounty.
that the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, would give you the Spirit of wisdom and revelation to the knowledge of Him, and enlighten the eyes of your understanding; that ye may know, what is the hope of his calling, and how rich the glory of his inheritance in the saints; read more. and what the exceeding greatness of his power towards us who believe, according to the energy of his mighty strength; which He exerted in Christ, when He raised Him from the dead, and set Him at his own right hand in heavenly places, far above all principality and power and might and dominion, and every name that is named, not only in this world, but also in that which is to come: and hath put all things under his feet, and given Him to be head over all things to the church; which is his body, the complete work of Him, who filleth all in all.
For by grace ye are saved, through faith: and this not of yourselves; it is the gift of God: not by works, that no one may boast:
and ye were at that time without Christ, aliens from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers to the covenants of promise, having no hope, and without God in the world: but now in Christ Jesus,
Now therefore ye are no more strangers and foreigners, but fellow-citizens with the saints, and of the houshold of God;
As it is just for me to think this of you all, because ye have me in your heart, both in my bonds, and in the defence and confirmation of the gospel, being all of you partakers of the same grace with me. For God is my witness, how much I long for you all, as with the bowels of Jesus Christ. read more. And this I pray, that your love may abound yet more and more in knowledge and in all discernment; that ye may try things that differ, that ye may be sincere and without offence until the day of Christ; being full of the fruits of righteousness which are through Jesus Christ unto the glory and praise of God. But I would have you know, my brethren, that the things, which have befallen me, have proved rather to the advancement of the gospel: so that my bonds are manifest in all the palace, and all other places, to be for the sake of Christ;
Let the same mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesus: who being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be as God. read more. Yet He emptied himself, assuming the form of a servant, when made in the likeness of men: and being in the human state, He humbled himself, and was obedient even unto death, and that the death of the cross. Wherefore God hath highly exalted Him, and given Him a name above every name: that in the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of celestial beings, as well as of those on earth, and of those under the earth; and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.
from whence also we expect the Saviour, our Lord Jesus Christ: who will change our vile body,
And ye Philippians know, that in the beginning of the gospel, when I was departing from Macedonia, no church communicated to me on the score of giving and receiving, but you only.
Who is the image of the invisible God, the first-born of the whole creation: for by Him were all things created, that are in heaven, and that are on the earth, the visible and the invisible, whether they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers; all were created by Him, and for Him. read more. He is before all, and by Him all things subsist. And He is the head of the body, which is the church: who is the beginning, the first-born from the dead, that in all things He might have the pre-eminence. For it pleased the Father, that all fulness should dwell in Him; and by Him to reconcile all things to Himself, having made peace by the blood of his cross; by Him only, whether they be things on earth, or things in heaven.
Hastings
PHILIPPIANS, EPISTLE TO
1. The Church of Philippi.
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and from thence to Philippi, which is the chief city of that part of Macedonia, and a Roman colony. And we staid some time in this city.
and from thence to Philippi, which is the chief city of that part of Macedonia, and a Roman colony. And we staid some time in this city. And on the sabbath-day we went out of the city to a river-side, where there used to be prayer: and we sat down and preached to the women that resorted thither. read more. And a certain woman named Lydia, a purple-seller of the city of Thyatira, who worshipped God, heard us: whose heart the Lord opened to attend to the things that were spoken by Paul. And when she was baptized and her family, she requested us, saying, If ye have judged me to be faithful to the Lord, come into my house, and lodge there. And she constrained us. Now as we were going to the place of prayer, there met us a young woman that had a spirit of divination, who brought her masters much gain by soothsaying. She following Paul and us, cried out, saying, These men are the servants of the most high God, who shew us the way of salvation. And this she did for many days. But Paul being grieved, turned and said to the spirit, I command thee in the name of Jesus Christ to come out of her. And he came out that instant. And when her masters saw, that the hope of their gain was gone, they seized on Paul and Silas, and dragged them into the court to the magistrates. And when they brought them to the governors, they said, These men cause great disturbance in our city, for they are Jews, and teach customs, which it is not lawful for us to receive, nor practise, who are Romans. And the populace rose up together against them: and the officers stripped off their clothes, and ordered them to be scourged. And when they had given them many stripes, they cast them into prison, charging the jailor to keep them safely. Who having received such a charge, thrust them into the inner prison and fastened their feet in the stocks. Now in the middle of the night Paul and Silas were praying and singing praises to God, and the prisoners heard them. And on a sudden there was a great earthquake, so that the foundations of the prison were shaken; and immediately all the doors were opened, and every one's bonds were loosed. The jailor waking, and seeing the prison-doors open, drew his sword and was going to kill himself, thinking that the prisoners were fled. But Paul cried with a loud voice, saying, Do thyself no harm: for we are all here. Then he called for lights, and sprang in, and being in a tremor fell down before Paul and Silas: and bringing them out, he said, Sirs, what must I do to be saved? And they said, Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved, and thine house. And they spake unto him the word of the Lord, and to all in his family. And he took them at that very time of the night, and bathed their stripes: and was baptized, he and all his immediately after. And he brought them into his house, and spread a table for them, and rejoiced, believing in God with all his household. And when it was the day the governors sent the serjeants, saying, Let those men go. And the jailor told these words to Paul, saying, the governors have sent orders, that you should be discharged; now therefore depart, and go in peace. But Paul said unto them, They have publicly beaten us, uncondemned, and Romans, and cast us into prison, and do they now turn us out privately? No verily, let them come themselves and fetch us out. And the serjeants reported these words to the governors: and they were afraid when they heard that they were Romans. And they came and intreated them, and when they had brought them out, they desired them to leave the city. And when they were come out of the prison, they went into the house of Lydia: and seeing the brethren, they comforted them, and departed.
And after the days of unleavened bread we sailed from Philippi, and came to them at Troas in five days, where we spent seven days.
and attempting to profane the temple, we apprehended him, and would have judged him according to our law.
he answering in his own defence, Neither against the law of the Jews, nor against the temple, nor against Cesar have I committed any offence.
how in a great trial of affliction, their abundant chearfulness and their deep poverty, hath munificently shewn the riches of their bounty.
For ye know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that though He was rich, yet for your sakes He became poor, that ye by his poverty might be rich.
Have I committed an offence in humbling myself that ye might be exalted? and in that I have preached the gospel of God to you gratis?
Paul and Timothy, servants of Jesus Christ, to all the saints in Christ Jesus, which are at Philippi, with the bishops and deacons:
Paul and Timothy, servants of Jesus Christ, to all the saints in Christ Jesus, which are at Philippi, with the bishops and deacons: grace be unto you, and peace from God our father, and from the Lord Jesus Christ. read more. I give thanks unto my God upon every mention of you,
I give thanks unto my God upon every mention of you, (always making supplication for you all with joy
(always making supplication for you all with joy in every prayer of mine) for your attachment to the gospel, from the first day even till now;
in every prayer of mine) for your attachment to the gospel, from the first day even till now; being confident of this, that He who hath begun a good work in you will continue to perfect it till the day of Jesus Christ.
being confident of this, that He who hath begun a good work in you will continue to perfect it till the day of Jesus Christ. As it is just for me to think this of you all, because ye have me in your heart, both in my bonds, and in the defence and confirmation of the gospel, being all of you partakers of the same grace with me.
As it is just for me to think this of you all, because ye have me in your heart, both in my bonds, and in the defence and confirmation of the gospel, being all of you partakers of the same grace with me.
As it is just for me to think this of you all, because ye have me in your heart, both in my bonds, and in the defence and confirmation of the gospel, being all of you partakers of the same grace with me. For God is my witness, how much I long for you all, as with the bowels of Jesus Christ.
For God is my witness, how much I long for you all, as with the bowels of Jesus Christ. And this I pray, that your love may abound yet more and more in knowledge and in all discernment; read more. that ye may try things that differ, that ye may be sincere and without offence until the day of Christ; being full of the fruits of righteousness which are through Jesus Christ unto the glory and praise of God. But I would have you know, my brethren, that the things, which have befallen me, have proved rather to the advancement of the gospel:
But I would have you know, my brethren, that the things, which have befallen me, have proved rather to the advancement of the gospel: so that my bonds are manifest in all the palace, and all other places, to be for the sake of Christ;
so that my bonds are manifest in all the palace, and all other places, to be for the sake of Christ;
so that my bonds are manifest in all the palace, and all other places, to be for the sake of Christ;
so that my bonds are manifest in all the palace, and all other places, to be for the sake of Christ; and many of the brethren in the Lord, encouraged by my bonds, are much more bold to publish the word without fear.
and many of the brethren in the Lord, encouraged by my bonds, are much more bold to publish the word without fear.
and many of the brethren in the Lord, encouraged by my bonds, are much more bold to publish the word without fear. Some indeed through envy and strife, and some also through good-will:
Some indeed through envy and strife, and some also through good-will: the former preach Christ out of contention, not sincerely, thinking to add affliction to my bonds;
the former preach Christ out of contention, not sincerely, thinking to add affliction to my bonds; the others out of love, knowing that I am set for the defence of the gospel.
the others out of love, knowing that I am set for the defence of the gospel.
the others out of love, knowing that I am set for the defence of the gospel. What then? yet every way, whether in pretence or in truth, Christ is preached: and in this I rejoice, yea and I will rejoice;
What then? yet every way, whether in pretence or in truth, Christ is preached: and in this I rejoice, yea and I will rejoice; for I know that this shall turn to my safety through your prayer, and the aid of the Spirit of Jesus Christ.
for I know that this shall turn to my safety through your prayer, and the aid of the Spirit of Jesus Christ. According to my earnest expectation and hope, that I shall be put to shame in nothing; but that with all freedom of speech, as always, so now also Christ shall be magnified in my body, whether by life or by death.
According to my earnest expectation and hope, that I shall be put to shame in nothing; but that with all freedom of speech, as always, so now also Christ shall be magnified in my body, whether by life or by death. For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain: and if I live in the flesh, this is the fruit of my labor:
For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain: and if I live in the flesh, this is the fruit of my labor: so that I know not what to chuse;
so that I know not what to chuse; for I am in a strait betwixt two, having a desire to depart, and to be with Christ, which is much preferable:
for I am in a strait betwixt two, having a desire to depart, and to be with Christ, which is much preferable: but to abide in the flesh is more necessary for you.
but to abide in the flesh is more necessary for you. And as I am confident of this, I know that I shall abide and shall continue with you all, for your improvement and the joy of your faith:
And as I am confident of this, I know that I shall abide and shall continue with you all, for your improvement and the joy of your faith:
And as I am confident of this, I know that I shall abide and shall continue with you all, for your improvement and the joy of your faith: that your rejoicing in Christ Jesus may abound through me, by my coming to you again.
that your rejoicing in Christ Jesus may abound through me, by my coming to you again. Only behave worthy of the gospel of Christ, that whether I come and see you, or be absent, I may hear of you, that ye stand firm in one Spirit, striving together as with one soul for the saith of the gospel;
Only behave worthy of the gospel of Christ, that whether I come and see you, or be absent, I may hear of you, that ye stand firm in one Spirit, striving together as with one soul for the saith of the gospel; and are in nothing terrified by your adversaries: which is a demonstration of ruin to them, but to you of salvation, and this from God. read more. For to you it is granted as a favor from Christ, not only to believe on Him, but also to suffer for his sake: having the same conflict as ye saw in me, and now hear to be in me.
If therefore there be any consolation in Christ, if any comfort of love, if any participation of the Spirit, if any bowels of compassion, compleat ye my joy, be like-minded, maintaining the same love, with your souls united, in attending to the one thing needful. read more. Do nothing through strife or vain-glory, but in lowliness of mind each esteeming others better than themselves. Look not every one to his own interests only, but every one also to the concerns of others. Let the same mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesus: who being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be as God.
who being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be as God. Yet He emptied himself, assuming the form of a servant, when made in the likeness of men:
Yet He emptied himself, assuming the form of a servant, when made in the likeness of men: and being in the human state, He humbled himself, and was obedient even unto death, and that the death of the cross.
and being in the human state, He humbled himself, and was obedient even unto death, and that the death of the cross. Wherefore God hath highly exalted Him, and given Him a name above every name:
Wherefore God hath highly exalted Him, and given Him a name above every name: that in the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of celestial beings, as well as of those on earth, and of those under the earth;
that in the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of celestial beings, as well as of those on earth, and of those under the earth; and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.
and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.
that ye may be blameless and inoffensive, the children of God without reproof, in the midst of a crooked and perverse generation; among whom ye shine as lights in the world, exhibiting the word of life; to my rejoicing in the day of Christ, that I have not run in vain, nor laboured in vain.
And for the same cause do ye also rejoice, and congratulate with me. But I hope in the Lord Jesus to send Timothy to you shortly, that I also may be refreshed, by knowing the state of your affairs. read more. For I have no one of a like spirit, who will with a kind of natural affection take care of your affairs.
For I have no one of a like spirit, who will with a kind of natural affection take care of your affairs. For all seek their own interests, not those of Christ Jesus.
For all seek their own interests, not those of Christ Jesus. But ye know the proof I have had of him, that as son with a father he served with me in the gospel. read more. I hope therefore to send him as soon as I see the issue of my own affairs. But I trust in the Lord, that I shall soon come myself too. However, I thought it necessary to send to you Epaphroditus my brother, and fellow-laborer, and fellow-soldier, but your messenger, who ministred to my wants:
However, I thought it necessary to send to you Epaphroditus my brother, and fellow-laborer, and fellow-soldier, but your messenger, who ministred to my wants: for he much longed after you all, and was greatly concerned because ye had heard that he was sick.
for he much longed after you all, and was greatly concerned because ye had heard that he was sick. For indeed he was sick and nigh unto death: but God had mercy on him, and not on him only, but on me also, that I might not have sorrow upon sorrow.
For indeed he was sick and nigh unto death: but God had mercy on him, and not on him only, but on me also, that I might not have sorrow upon sorrow. I have sent him therefore the more desirously, that when ye see him again ye may rejoice, and I may be the less sorrowful.
I have sent him therefore the more desirously, that when ye see him again ye may rejoice, and I may be the less sorrowful. Receive him therefore in the Lord with all joy, and have such in high esteem:
Receive him therefore in the Lord with all joy, and have such in high esteem: because for the work of Christ he was nigh unto death, not regarding his own life, so that he might fill up what was wanting in your kind offices towards me.
because for the work of Christ he was nigh unto death, not regarding his own life, so that he might fill up what was wanting in your kind offices towards me.
Finally, my brethren, rejoice in the Lord. To write the same things to you is not irksome to me, and for you it is safe.
Finally, my brethren, rejoice in the Lord. To write the same things to you is not irksome to me, and for you it is safe.
Finally, my brethren, rejoice in the Lord. To write the same things to you is not irksome to me, and for you it is safe. Beware of those that are like dogs, beware of evil doers, beware of the concision.
Beware of those that are like dogs, beware of evil doers, beware of the concision.
Beware of those that are like dogs, beware of evil doers, beware of the concision.
Beware of those that are like dogs, beware of evil doers, beware of the concision.
Beware of those that are like dogs, beware of evil doers, beware of the concision.
Yea doubtless and I count all but loss for the excellency of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord, for whom I have suffered the loss of all, and I account them but dung, that I may gain Christ, and be found in Him, not having my own righteousness which is of the law, but that which is by the faith of Christ, the righteousness which is of God by faith: that I may know Him, read more. and the power of his resurrection, and the fellowship of his sufferings, being made conformable to his death; if by any means I may attain to the resurrection of the dead:
Brethren, be imitators of me, and observe those that walk as ye have us for an example. (For many walk, of whom I have told you often, and now tell you even weeping, that they are the enemies of the cross of Christ: whose end is destruction,
from whence also we expect the Saviour, our Lord Jesus Christ: who will change our vile body, that it may be made like his glorious body, according to the energy of his ability to subdue all things to Himself.
Wherefore, my brethren, beloved and much desired, my joy and crown, so stand ye fast in the Lord, my beloved.
Wherefore, my brethren, beloved and much desired, my joy and crown, so stand ye fast in the Lord, my beloved. I exhort Euodia, and Syntyche to be perfectly united in the Lord.
I exhort Euodia, and Syntyche to be perfectly united in the Lord.
I exhort Euodia, and Syntyche to be perfectly united in the Lord. And I entreat thee likewise, my faithful collegue, to assist them, for they laboured with me in the gospel, and Clement also, and my other fellow-laborers, whose names are in the book of life.
And I entreat thee likewise, my faithful collegue, to assist them, for they laboured with me in the gospel, and Clement also, and my other fellow-laborers, whose names are in the book of life.
And I entreat thee likewise, my faithful collegue, to assist them, for they laboured with me in the gospel, and Clement also, and my other fellow-laborers, whose names are in the book of life. Rejoice in the Lord always, and again I say, Rejoice.
Rejoice in the Lord always, and again I say, Rejoice. Let your moderation be known unto all men. The Lord is at hand.
Let your moderation be known unto all men. The Lord is at hand. Be anxious in nothing: but in every thing by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known before God.
Be anxious in nothing: but in every thing by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known before God. And the peace of God, which surpasseth all understanding, shall guard your hearts and minds in Christ Jesus.
And the peace of God, which surpasseth all understanding, shall guard your hearts and minds in Christ Jesus. Finally my brethren, whatever things are true, whatever things are venerable, whatever things are just, whatever things are pure, whatever things are friendly, whatever things are reputable, if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think of these things:
Finally my brethren, whatever things are true, whatever things are venerable, whatever things are just, whatever things are pure, whatever things are friendly, whatever things are reputable, if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think of these things:
Finally my brethren, whatever things are true, whatever things are venerable, whatever things are just, whatever things are pure, whatever things are friendly, whatever things are reputable, if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think of these things: and what ye have both learned, and received, and heard, and seen in me, these practise; and the God of peace will be with you.
and what ye have both learned, and received, and heard, and seen in me, these practise; and the God of peace will be with you.
and what ye have both learned, and received, and heard, and seen in me, these practise; and the God of peace will be with you.
and what ye have both learned, and received, and heard, and seen in me, these practise; and the God of peace will be with you. I rejoiced greatly in the Lord, that your care for me has now flourished again; for whom ye were indeed careful before, but ye wanted opportunity.
I rejoiced greatly in the Lord, that your care for me has now flourished again; for whom ye were indeed careful before, but ye wanted opportunity.
I rejoiced greatly in the Lord, that your care for me has now flourished again; for whom ye were indeed careful before, but ye wanted opportunity.
I rejoiced greatly in the Lord, that your care for me has now flourished again; for whom ye were indeed careful before, but ye wanted opportunity. Not that I speak on account of want; for I have learnt in whatever circumstances I am, to be contented.
Not that I speak on account of want; for I have learnt in whatever circumstances I am, to be contented.
Not that I speak on account of want; for I have learnt in whatever circumstances I am, to be contented. I know both how to be abased, and how to abound: in every place, and in all conditions I am instructed, both to be full and to be hungry, to abound and to be in want.
I know both how to be abased, and how to abound: in every place, and in all conditions I am instructed, both to be full and to be hungry, to abound and to be in want.
I know both how to be abased, and how to abound: in every place, and in all conditions I am instructed, both to be full and to be hungry, to abound and to be in want. I can do all things through Christ strengthening me.
I can do all things through Christ strengthening me. Nevertheless ye did well in communicating to the relief of my affliction.
Nevertheless ye did well in communicating to the relief of my affliction. And ye Philippians know, that in the beginning of the gospel, when I was departing from Macedonia, no church communicated to me on the score of giving and receiving, but you only.
And ye Philippians know, that in the beginning of the gospel, when I was departing from Macedonia, no church communicated to me on the score of giving and receiving, but you only. For even in Thessalonica ye sent once and again to supply my wants.
For even in Thessalonica ye sent once and again to supply my wants. Not that I desire a gift, but I desire fruit that may abound to your account.
Not that I desire a gift, but I desire fruit that may abound to your account. And indeed I have it all, and now abound: I am fully supplied, having received of Epaphroditus the things sent by you, a fragrant odor, an acceptable sacrifice, well-pleasing to God.
And indeed I have it all, and now abound: I am fully supplied, having received of Epaphroditus the things sent by you, a fragrant odor, an acceptable sacrifice, well-pleasing to God. And my God will supply all your wants, according to his riches, in glory, by Christ Jesus.
And my God will supply all your wants, according to his riches, in glory, by Christ Jesus. Now to our God and Father be glory for ever and ever. Amen. read more. Salute every saint in Christ Jesus. The brethren that are with me salute you: and all the saints here salute you, but especially those of Cesar's household.
and all the saints here salute you, but especially those of Cesar's household.
and all the saints here salute you, but especially those of Cesar's household.
and all the saints here salute you, but especially those of Cesar's household. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen.
And when ye were dead in trespasses, and in the uncircumcision of your flesh, He made you alive together with Him, having forgiven you all trespasses,
All things concerning me will Tychicus make known to you, who is a beloved brother, and faithful minister, and fellow-servant in the Lord: