Reference: Children (Sons) of God
Hastings
There are a few passages in the OT in which the term 'sons of God' is applied to angelic beings (Ge 6:1-4; Job 1:6; 2:1; 38:7; cf. Da 3:25 RV). Once the judges of Israel are referred to as 'gods,' perhaps as appointed by God and vested with His authority (but the passage is very obscure; may the words be ironical?), and, in parallel phrase, as 'sons of the Most High' (Ps 82:6, cf. Joh 10:34; also, Ps 29:1; 89:6 Revised Version margin).
With these exceptions, the term, with the correlative one of 'Father,' designates the relation of men to God and of God to men, with varying fulness of meaning. It is obvious that the use of such a figure has wide possibilities. To call God 'Father' may imply little more than that He is creator and ruler of men (cf. 'Zeus, father of gods and men'); or it may connote some phase of His providence towards a favoured individual or nation; or, again, it may assert that a father's love at its highest is the truest symbol we can frame of God's essential nature and God's disposition towards all men. Similarly, men may conceivably be styled 'children of God' from mere dependence, from special privilege, from moral likeness, or finally from a full and willing response to the Divine Fatherhood in filial love, trust, and obedience. It is, therefore, not surprising that the Scripture facts present a varying and progressive conception of God as Father and of men as His children.
I. In the OT.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And it came to pass, when men began to multiply upon the earth and had begot them daughters, the sons of God saw the daughters of men that they were fair, and took unto them wives, which they best liked among them all. read more. And the LORD said, "My spirit shall not always strive with man, for they are flesh. Nevertheless I will give them yet space, a hundred and twenty years." There were tyrants in the world in those days. For after that the children of God had gone in unto the daughters of men and had begotten them children, the same children were the mightiest of the world and men of renown.
And tell Pharaoh, 'Thus sayeth the LORD: Israel is mine eldest son,
and in the wilderness: as thou hast seen how that the LORD thy God bare thee as a man should bear his son, throughout all the way which ye have gone, until ye came unto this place.'
Understand, therefore, in thine heart, that as a man nurtureth his son, even so the LORD thy God nurtureth thee.
Ye are the children of the LORD your God; cut not yourselves nor make you any baldness between the eyes for any man's death. For thou art a holy people unto the LORD thy God, and the LORD hath chosen thee to be a several people unto himself, of all the nations that are upon the earth.
The froward and overthwart generation hath marred themselves to himward, and are not his sons for their deformities' sake. "Dost thou so reward the LORD? O foolish nation and unwise. Is not he thy father and thine owner? Hath he not made thee and ordained thee?
"He found him in a desert land, in a void ground and a roaring wilderness. He led him about and gave him understanding, and kept him as the apple of his eye. As an eagle that stirreth up her nest and fluttereth over her young, he stretched out his wings and took him up and bare him on his shoulders. read more. The LORD alone was his guide - and there was no strange god with him. He set him up upon a high land, and he ate the increase of the fields. And he gave him honey to suck out of the rock, and oil out of the hard stone. With butter of the kine and milk of the sheep, with fat of the lambs, and fat rams and he-goats, with fat kidneys and with wheat. And of the blood of grapes, thou drunkest wine. "And Israel waxed fat, and kicked. Thou wast fat, thick and smooth. And he let God go, that made him; and despised the rock that saved him.
Of the rock that begat thee thou art unmindful, and hast forgot God that made thee. And when the LORD saw it, he was angry because of the provoking of his sons and daughters. read more. And he said, 'I will hide my face from them and will see what their end shall be. For they are a froward generation, and children in whom is no faith. They have angered me with that which is no god; and provoked me with their vanities. And I, again, will anger them with them which are no people, and will provoke them with a foolish nation.
And Joshua rose early. And they removed from Shittim, and came to Jordan, both he and all the children of Israel, and sojourned there before they went over. And after three days the officers went throughout the host,
Then spake Joshua to the children of Israel, saying, "Come hither and hear the words of the LORD your God." And Joshua said, "Hereby ye shall know, that the living God is among you, and that he will, without fail, cast out before you the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Hivites, the Perezites, the Gergesites, the Amorites, and the Jebusites.
That same time the LORD said unto Joshua, "Make thee knives of stone, and go to again and circumcise the children of Israel the second time."
Now upon a time, when the servants of God came and stood before the LORD, Satan came also among them.
It happened also upon a time, that when the servants of God came and stood before the LORD, Satan also came among them, and stood before him.
Where wast thou, when the morning stars praised me together, and all the children of God rejoiced triumphantly?
As for me, I will preach the law, whereof the LORD hath said unto me, "Thou art my son, this day have I begotten thee.
{A Psalm of David} Ascribe unto the LORD, O ye mighty, ascribe unto the LORD worship and strength.
He is a father of the fatherless, he is a defender of widows; even God in his holy habitation.
{A Psalm of Asaph} Truly God is loving unto Israel, even unto such as are of a clean heart.
Yea, I had almost also said even as they do; but lo, then should I have condemned the generation of thy children.
I have said, "Ye are gods, and ye are all the children of the most highest.
For who is he among the clouds, that may be compared unto the LORD? Yea what is he among the gods, that shall be like unto the LORD?
He shall call me, "Thou art my father, my God, and the strength of my salvation.' And I will make him my firstborn, higher than the kings of the earth.
Yea, like as a father pitieth his own children, even so is the LORD merciful unto them that fear him.
I will say to the North, 'Let go.' And to the South, 'Keep not back: but bring me my sons from far, and my daughters from the ends of the world:
Yet art thou our father: For Abraham knoweth us not, neither is Israel acquainted with us. But thou LORD art our father and redeemer, and thy name is everlasting.
But now O LORD, thou father of ours: we are the clay, and thou art our potter, and we all are the work of thy hands. Be not too sore displeased, O LORD, and keep not our offenses too long in thy remembrance: but consider that we all are thy people. read more. The cities of thy Sanctuary lie waste: Zion is a wilderness, and Jerusalem a desert. Our holy house which is our beauty, where our fathers praised thee, is burnt up: yea, all our commodities and pleasures are wasted away. Wilt thou not be intreated, LORD, for all this? Wilt thou hold thy peace, and scourge us so sore?
For like as a child is comforted of his mother, so shall I comfort you, and ye shall be comforted in Jerusalem.
They departed from hence in heaviness, but with joy will I bring them hither again. I will lead them by the rivers of water in a straight way, where they shall not stumble: For I will be Israel's father, and Ephraim shall be my firstborn.
Moreover, I heard Ephraim, that was led away captive, complain on this manner, 'O LORD, thou hast corrected me, and thy chastening have I received, as an untamed calf. Convert thou me, and I shall be converted, for thou art my LORD God. Yea, as soon as thou turnest me, I shall reform myself: and when I understand, I shall smite upon my thigh. For verily I have committed shameful things: O let my youth bear this reproof and confusion.' read more. Upon this complaint, I thought thus by myself: Is not Ephraim my dear son? Is he not the child, with whom I have had all mirth and pastime? For since the time that I first communed with him, I have him ever in remembrance: therefore my very heart driveth me unto him; gladly and lovingly will I have mercy upon him, sayeth the LORD.
He answered and said, "Lo, I see four men loose, walking in the midst of the fire, and they have no hurt. And the form of the fourth is like the Son of God."
First, when the LORD spake unto Hosea, he said unto him, "Go thy way, take a harlot to thy wife, and get children by her: for the land hath committed great whoredom against the LORD." So he went, and took Gomer the daughter of Diblaim: which conceived, and brought forth a son.
Then said he, "Call his name Loammi. For why? Ye are not my people, therefore will I not be yours. And though the number of the children of Israel be as the sand of the sea, which can neither be measured nor told: yet in the place where it is said unto them, 'Ye be not my people': even there shall it be thus reported of them, 'They be the children of the living God.'
When Israel was young, I loved him: and called my son out of the land of Egypt.
"Should not a son honour his father, and a servant his master? If I be now a father, where is mine honour? If I be the LORD, where am I feared? sayeth the LORD of Hosts, now, to you priests that despise my name. And if ye say, 'Wherein have we despised thy name?'
Have we not all one father? Hath not one God made us? Why doth every one of us then despise his own brother, and so break the covenant of our fathers?
Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called the children of God.
"Ye have heard how it is said, 'Thou shalt love thine neighbor, and hate thine enemy.' But I say unto you, Love your enemies. Bless them that curse you. Do good to them that hate you. Pray for them which do you wrong and persecute you; read more. that ye may be the children of your father that is in heaven: for he maketh his sun to arise on the evil and on the good, and sendeth his rain on the just and unjust.
that ye may be the children of your father that is in heaven: for he maketh his sun to arise on the evil and on the good, and sendeth his rain on the just and unjust. For if ye love them which love you, what reward shall ye have? Do not the Publicans even so? read more. And if ye be friendly to your brethren only, what singular thing do ye? Do not the Publicans likewise? Ye shall therefore be perfect even as your father which is in heaven is perfect.
Take heed to your alms, that ye give it not in the sight of men, to the intent that ye would be seen of them: or else ye get no reward of your father which is in heaven.
But and if ye will not forgive men their trespasses, no more shall your father forgive your trespasses.
Behold the fowls of the air: for they sow not, neither reap, nor yet carry into the barns, and yet your heavenly father feedeth them. Are ye not much better than they?
At that time, Jesus answered and said, "I praise thee, O father, Lord of heaven and earth, because thou hast hid these things from the wise and prudent, and hast opened them unto babes,
At that time, Jesus answered and said, "I praise thee, O father, Lord of heaven and earth, because thou hast hid these things from the wise and prudent, and hast opened them unto babes,
Then shall the just men shine as bright as the sun in the kingdom of their father. Whosoever hath ears to hear, let him hear.
And he went away a little apart, and fell flat on his face, and prayed, saying, "O my father, if it possible, let this cup pass from me: nevertheless, not as I will, but as thou wilt."
And when ye stand and pray: forgive, if ye have anything against any man;
Wherefore, love ye your enemies, do good, and lend, looking for nothing again: and your reward shall be great, and ye shall be the children of the highest: for he is kind unto the unkind, and to the evil. Be ye therefore merciful, as your father is merciful.
All things are given me of my father. And no man knoweth who the son is, but the father: neither who the father is, save the son, and he to whom the son will show him."
And he said unto them, "When ye pray, say: O Our father which art in heaven, hallowed by thy name. Let thy kingdom come. Thy will, be fulfilled, even in earth as it is in heaven.
If ye then which are evil, can give good gifts unto your children: How much more shall the father of heaven give a holy spirit to them, that desire it of him?"
And Jesus cried with a great voice and said, "Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit." And when he thus had said, he gave up the ghost.
But as many as received him, to them gave he power to be the sons of God: in that they believed on his name: which were born not of blood nor of the will of the flesh, nor yet of the will of man: but of God. read more. And the word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, and we saw the glory of it, as the glory of the only begotten son of the father, which word was full of grace, and verity.
No man hath seen God at any time. The only begotten son, which is in the father's bosom, hath declared him.
Jesus answered, and said unto him, "Verily, verily I say unto thee: except a man be born anew, he cannot see the kingdom of God." Nicodemus said unto him, "How can a man be born, when he is old? Can he enter into his mother's womb and be born again?" read more. Jesus answered, "Verily, verily I say unto thee: Except that a man be born of water, and of the spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God. That which is born of the flesh, is flesh. And that which is born of the spirit, is spirit.
That which is born of the flesh, is flesh. And that which is born of the spirit, is spirit. Marvel not that I said to thee, ye must be born anew. read more. The wind bloweth where he listeth, and thou hearest his sound: but canst not tell whence he cometh and whither he goeth. So is every man that is born of the spirit."
No man can come to me except the father, which hath sent me, draw him. And I will raise him up at the last day.
And he said, "Therefore said I unto you, That no man can come unto me, except it were given unto him of my father."
They answered, and said unto him, "Abraham is our father." Jesus said unto them, "If ye were Abraham's children, ye would do the deeds of Abraham. But now ye go about to kill me, a man that have told you the truth, which I have heard of God: This did not Abraham. read more. Ye do the deeds of your father." Then said they unto him, "We were not born of fornication. We have one father which is God." Jesus said unto them, "If God were your father, then would ye have loved me. For I proceeded forth and come from God. Neither came I of myself, but he sent me.
Jesus answered them, "Is it not written in your law, 'I have say ye are gods?'
and not for the people only: but that he should gather together in one the children of God which were scattered abroad.
Jesus said unto him, "I am the way, the truth and the life. And no man cometh unto the father, but by me.
That day shall ye know that I am in my father, and you in me, and I in you.
Jesus said unto her, "Touch me not, for I am not yet ascended to my father. But go to my brethren and say unto them, I ascend unto my father, and your father: to my God and your God."
These are written that ye might believe that Jesus is Christ the son of God. And that ye in believing ye might have life through his name.
For in him we live, move, and have our being, as certain of your own poets said. For we are also his generation.
and declared to be the son of God with power of the holy ghost, that sanctifieth, since the time that Jesus Christ our Lord rose again from death:
for as many as are led by the spirit of God: they are the sons of God. For ye have not received the spirit of bondage to fear anymore, but ye have received the spirit of adoption whereby we cry, "Abba father." read more. The same spirit certifieth our spirit that we are the sons of God. If we be sons, we are also heirs: the heirs, I mean, of God: and heirs annexed with Christ. If so be that we suffer together, that we may be glorified together. For I suppose that the afflictions of this life are not worthy of the glory which shall be showed upon us. Also, the fervent desire of the creatures abideth looking when the sons of God shall appear; because the creatures are subdued to vanity against their will: but for his will which subdueth them in hope. For the very creatures shall be delivered from the bondage of corruption, into the glorious liberty of the sons of God. For we know that every creature groaneth with us also, and travaileth in pain even unto this time. Not they only, but even we also: which have the first fruits of the spirit mourn in ourselves and wait for the adoption and look for the deliverance of our bodies.
Not they only, but even we also: which have the first fruits of the spirit mourn in ourselves and wait for the adoption and look for the deliverance of our bodies. For we are saved by hope. But hope that is seen is no hope. For how can a man hope for that which he seeth? read more. But and if we hope for that we see not, then do we with patience abide for it.
For those which he knew before, he also ordained before, that they should be like fashioned unto the shape of his son, that he might be the first begotten son among many brethren.
For those which he knew before, he also ordained before, that they should be like fashioned unto the shape of his son, that he might be the first begotten son among many brethren.
Which are the Israelites, to whom pertaineth the adoption, and the glory, and the covenants and the law that was given and the service of God, and the promises,
that is to say; They which are the children of the flesh, are not the children of God. But the children of promise are counted the seed.
As he saith in Hosea, "I will call them my people which were not my people: and her beloved which was not beloved." And, "It shall come to pass, in the place where it was said unto them, 'ye are not my people,' that there shall be called the children of the living God."
And, "It shall come to pass, in the place where it was said unto them, 'ye are not my people,' that there shall be called the children of the living God."
There is no difference between the Jew and the gentile. For one is Lord of all: which is rich unto all that call on him. For whosoever shall call on the name of the Lord shall be safe.
But I demand whether Israel did know or not? First Moses saith, "I will provoke you for to envy by them that are no people, and by a foolish nation I will anger you."
Before that faith came, we were kept and shut up under the law, unto the faith which should afterward be declared.
For ye are all the sons of God, by the faith which is in Christ Jesus.
And I say that the heir, as long as he is a child, differeth not from a servant; though he be lord of all, but is under tutors and governors, until the time appointed of the father. read more. Even so we, as long as we were children, were in bondage under the ordinances of the world: But when the time was full come, God sent his son - born of a woman, and made bond unto the law - to redeem them which were under the law: that we through election might receive the inheritance that belongeth unto the natural sons. Because ye are sons, God hath sent the spirit of his son into our hearts, which crieth "Abba, father." Wherefore now art thou not a servant, but a son. If thou be the son, thou art also the heir of God through Christ.
Wherefore now art thou not a servant, but a son. If thou be the son, thou art also the heir of God through Christ.
Brethren, we are, after the manner of Isaac, children of promise:
And ordained us before unto himself that we should be chosen before, through Jesus Christ, to be heirs unto himself according to the pleasure of his will, to the praise of the glory of his grace, wherewith he hath made us accepted in the beloved. read more. By whom we have redemption through his blood, that is to say, even the forgiveness of sins, according to the riches of his grace, which grace he shed on us abundantly in all wisdom, and prudence. And hath opened unto us the mystery of his will according to his pleasure, and purposed the same in himself to have it declared when the time were full come: that all things, both the things which are in heaven, and also the things which are in earth, should be gathered together, even in Christ. That is to say, in him in whom we are made heirs, and were thereto predestinate according to the purpose of him which worketh all things after the purpose of his own will: that we should be unto the praise of his glory, which before believed in Christ. In whom also ye - after that ye heard the word of truth, I mean the gospel of your salvation wherein ye believed - were sealed with the holy spirit of promise, which is the earnest of our inheritance, to redeem the possession purchased, and that unto the laud of his glory.
which is the earnest of our inheritance, to redeem the possession purchased, and that unto the laud of his glory. Wherefore even I - after that I heard of the faith which ye have in the Lord Jesus, and love unto all the saints - read more. cease not to give thanks for you, making mention of you in my prayers, that the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the father of glory, might give unto you the spirit of wisdom, and open to you the knowledge of himself, and lighten the eyes of your minds, that ye might know what thing that hope is, whereunto he hath called you, and what the riches of his glorious inheritance is upon the saints,
that ye may be faultless, and pure, and the sons of God; without rebuke in the midst of a crooked and a perverse nation, among which see that ye shine as lights in the world,
For unto which of the angels said he at any time, "Thou art my son, this day begat I thee?" And again, "I will be his father, and he shall be my son."
Nevertheless, we yet see not all things subdued unto him. But him that was made less than the angels, we see that it was Iesus: which is crowned with glory and honour for the suffering of death; that he, by the grace of God, should taste of death for all men. For it became him - for whom are all things, and by whom are all things - after that he had brought many sons unto glory, that he should make the Lord of their salvation perfect through suffering. read more. Forasmuch as he that sanctifieth, and they which are sanctified, are all of one. For which cause's sake he is not ashamed to call them brethren, saying, "I will declare thy name unto my brethren, and in the midst of the congregation will I praise thee." And again, "I will put my trust in him." And again, "Behold here am I and the children which God hath given me." Forasmuch, then, as the children were partakers of flesh and blood, he also himself likewise took part with them, for to put down through death him that had lordship over death: that is to say, the devil. And that he might deliver them which, through fear of death, all their life time were in danger of bondage. For he in no place taketh on him the angels: but the seed of Abraham taketh he on him. Wherefore in all things it became him to be made like unto his brethren, that he might be merciful, and a faithful high priest in things concerning God, for to purge the people's sins. For in that he himself suffered, and was tempted, he is able to succour them that are tempted.
For ye have not yet resisted unto blood shedding, striving against sin. And ye have forgotten the consolation which speaketh unto you, as unto children, "My son despise not the chastening of the Lord, neither faint when thou art rebuked of him: read more. For whom the Lord loveth, him he chasteneth: yea, and he scourgeth every son that he receiveth." If ye shall endure chastening, God offereth himself unto you, as unto sons. What son is that whom the father chasteneth not? If ye be not under correction - whereof all are partakers - then are ye bastards and not sons. Moreover, seeing we had fathers of our flesh which corrected us, and we gave them reverence: should we not much rather be in subjection unto the father of spiritual gifts that we might live? And they verily for a few days nurtured us after their own pleasure; but he learneth us unto that which is profitable, that we might receive of his holiness. No manner chastising for the present time seemeth to be joyous, but grievous; nevertheless, afterward it bringeth the quiet fruit of righteousness unto them which are therein exercised. Stretch forth therefore again the hands which were let down, and the weak knees, and see that ye have straight steps unto your feet, lest any halting turn out of the way: yea, let it rather be healed.
Every good gift, and every perfect gift, is from above and cometh down from the father of light, with whom is no variableness, neither is he changed unto darkness. Of his own will begat he us with the word of life, that we should be the first fruits of his creatures.
Pure devotion, and undefiled before God the father, is this: To visit the friendless, and widows in their adversity, and to keep himself unspotted of the world.
Therewith bless we God the father, and therewith curse we men which are made after the similitude of God.
Blessed be God, the father of our Lord Jesus Christ, which through his abundant mercy begat us again unto a lively hope, by the resurrection of Jesus Christ from death,
And if so be that ye call on the father, which without respect of person judgeth according to every man's works, see that ye pass the time of your pilgrimage in fear:
for ye are born anew, not of mortal seed, but of immortal seed, by the word of God which liveth, and lasteth forever.
Wherefore, lay aside all maliciousness, and all guile, and dissimulation, and envy, and all backbiting: and as newborn babes desire that reasonable milk which is without corruption, that ye may be grown therein. read more. If so be that ye have tasted how pleasant the Lord is, to whom ye come as unto a living stone, disallowed of men, but chosen of God and precious: and ye, as living stones, are made a spiritual house, and a holy priesthood, for to offer up spiritual sacrifice, acceptable to God by Jesus Christ. Wherefore it is contained in the scripture, "Behold, I put in Zion a head cornerstone, elect and precious: and he that believeth on him shall not be ashamed." Unto you therefore which believe is he precious: but unto them which believe not, the stone which the builders refused, the same is made the headstone in the corner and a stone to stumble at, and a rock to offend them which stumble at the word, and believe not that whereon they were set. But ye are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, and a peculiar people, that ye should show the virtues of him that called you out of darkness into his marvelous light, which in time past were not a people, yet are now the people of God, which were not under mercy: but now have obtained mercy.
which in time past were not a people, yet are now the people of God, which were not under mercy: but now have obtained mercy.
For all that is in the world - as the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the pride of goods - are not of the father: but of the world.
Whosoever denieth the son, the same hath not the father.
If ye know that he is righteous, know also that all that work righteousness, are born of him.
Dearly beloved, now are we the sons of God, and yet it doth not appear what we shall be. But we know that when it shall appear, we shall be like him. For we shall see him as he is.
All that are born of God do no sin, for his seed abideth in them, and they cannot sin, because they be born of God.
Dearly beloved, let us love one another: for love is of God. And all that love are born of God, and knoweth God.
All that believe that Jesus is Christ, are born of God. And all that loveth him which begat, loveth him also which was begotten of him.
For all that is born of God, overcometh the world. And this is the victory that overcometh the world, even our faith.
He that overcometh shall inherit all things, and I will be his God, and he shall be my son. But the fearful and unbelieving, and the abominable, and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone, which is the second death."