Reference: Ethics
Hastings
The present article will be confined to Biblical Ethics. As there is no systematic presentation of the subject, all that can be done is to gather from the Jewish and Christian writings the moral conceptions that were formed by historians, prophets, poets, apostles. The old history culminates in the story of the perfect One, the Lord Jesus Christ, from whom there issued a life of higher order and ampler range.
I. OT Ethics.
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Then Jesus was led up by the Spirit into the wilderness, to he tempted by the Devil. And, having fasted forty days and forty nights, He afterwards hungered. read more. And the Tempter, having come near, said to Him, "If Thou art God's Son, speak, that these stones may become loaves of bread." But He, answering, said, "It has been written, 'Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceeds out of the mouth of God.'" Then the Devil takes Him into the holy city, and placed Him on the pinnacle of the temple, and says to Him, "If Thou art a Son of God, cast Thyself down; for it has been written, 'He shall give His angels charge concerning Thee; and on their hands they shall bear Thee up; lest at any time Thou shouldest dash Thy foot against a stone.'" Jesus said to him, "Again it has been written, 'You shall not tempt the Lord your God.'" Again the Devil takes Him into an exceedingly high mountain, and shows Him all the kingdoms of the world, and the glory of them; and he said to Him, "All these things will I give Thee, if, falling down, Thou wilt worship me." Then Jesus saith to him, "Depart, Satan; for it has been written, 'You shall worship the Lord your God, and Him only shall you serve.'" Then the Devil leaves Him; and, behold, angels came and were ministering to Him.
And, seeing the multitudes, He went up into the mountain; and, He having sat down, His disciples came to Him:
And, seeing the multitudes, He went up into the mountain; and, He having sat down, His disciples came to Him: and, opening His mouth, He taught them, saying,
and, opening His mouth, He taught them, saying, "Happy are the poor in spirit; because theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven.
"Happy are the poor in spirit; because theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven. "Happy are those who mourn: because they shall be comforted,
"Happy are those who mourn: because they shall be comforted, "Happy are the meek: because they shall inherit the earth.
"Happy are the meek: because they shall inherit the earth. "Happy are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness: because they shall be filled.
"Happy are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness: because they shall be filled. "Happy are the merciful: because they shall receive mercy.
"Happy are the merciful: because they shall receive mercy. "Happy are the pure in heart; because they shall see God.
"Happy are the pure in heart; because they shall see God. "Happy are the peacemakers; because they shall be called sons of God.
"Happy are the peacemakers; because they shall be called sons of God. "Happy are those who have been persecuted for righteousness' sake; because theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven.
"Happy are those who have been persecuted for righteousness' sake; because theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven.
"Happy are those who have been persecuted for righteousness' sake; because theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven. "Happy are ye, when they shall reproach you, and persecute you, and say all manner of evil against you falsely, for My sake.
"Happy are ye, when they shall reproach you, and persecute you, and say all manner of evil against you falsely, for My sake. Rejoice, and exult; because great is your reward in Heaven, for so persecuted they the prophets who were before you.
Rejoice, and exult; because great is your reward in Heaven, for so persecuted they the prophets who were before you. "Ye are the salt of the earth; but, if the salt become tasteless, with what shall it be salted? It is henceforth good for nothing, except, when cast without, to be trodden under foot by men. read more. "Ye are the light of the world: a city, set upon a hill, cannot he hid. Nor do they light a lamp, and put it under the measure, but on the lamp-stand; and it gives light to all who are in the house. So let your light shine before men, that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father Who is in Heaven. "Think not that I came to destroy the law, or the prophets; I came not to destroy, but to fulfill.
"Ye heard that it was said to the ancients, 'You shall not kill; and whosoever kills shall be in danger of the judgment.'
"Ye heard that it was said to the ancients, 'You shall not kill; and whosoever kills shall be in danger of the judgment.' But I say to you that every one who is angry with his brother shall be in danger of the judgment; and whosoever says to his brother Raca shall be in danger of the high-council; and whosoever shall say, O foolish one! shall be in danger of the Hell of fire. read more. If, therefore, you are offering your gift at the altar, and there remember that your brother has ought against you, leave there your gift before the altar, and go your way, first be reconciled to your brother, and then, coming, offer your gift.
"Ye heard that it was said, 'You shall not commit adultery;' but I say to you, that every one who looks upon a woman, to lust after her, already committed adultery with her in his heart.
"Ye heard that it was said, 'An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth,' but I say to you, Resist not the evil man; but whosoever smites you on your right cheek, turn to him the other also;
"Take heed that ye do not your righteousness before men, to be seen by them, otherwise at least ye have no reward with your Father Who is in Heaven.
that your alms may be in secret; and your Father, Who seeth in secret, will recompense you.
But when you pray, enter into your closet; and, having closed your door, pray to your Father Who is in secret; and your Father Who seeth in secret will recompense you.
"For, if ye forgive men their trespasses, your Heavenly Father will also forgive you; but, if ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses.
that you appear not to men to be fasting, but to your Father Who is in secret; and your Father Who seeth in secret will recompense you.
"Every one, therefore, who hears these words of Mine, and does them, shall be likened to a prudent man, who, indeed, built his house upon the rock; and the rain descended, and the streams came, and the winds blew, and beat upon that house; and it fell not, for it had been founded on the rock. read more. "And every one who hears these words of Mine, and does them not, shall be likened to a foolish man, who, indeed, built his house upon the sand: and the rain descended, and the streams came, and the winds blew and beat upon that house; and it fell; and great was its fall."
For which is easier, to say, 'Your sins are forgiven,' or to say, 'Arise, and walk.' "But, that ye may know that the Son of Man hath authority on the earth to forgive sins" (then saith He to the paralytic), "Arise, and take up your bed, and go to your house."
"He that loves father or mother more than Me, is not worthy of Me; and he that loves son or daughter more than Me, is not worthy of Me. And whosoever does not take up his cross, and follow Me, is not worthy of Me. read more. "He that finds his life shall lose it; and he that loses his life for My sake shall find it.
"Verily I say to you, there has not arisen, among those born of women, a greater than John the Immerser; yet he that is least in the Kingdom of Heaven is greater than he.
"Broods of vipers! how can ye speak good things, being yourselves evil? For, out of the abundance of the heart, the mouth speaks. The good man, out of his good treasure, puts forth good things; and the evil man, out of his evil treasure, puts forth evil things.
For verily I say to you, that many prophets and righteous men desired to see what ye are seeing, and did not see them; and to hear what ye are hearing, and did not hear them.
that it might be fulfilled which was spoken through the prophet, saying, "I will open My mouth in parables; I will utter things hidden from the foundation of the world."
and He said to them, "Therefore, every scribe, having been made a disciple to the Kingdom of heaven, is like a householder, who brings forth out of his treasure things new and old."
Therefore, the Kingdom of Heaven was likened to a king who wished to make a reckoning with his servants. And, when he began to reckon, there was brought to him one debtor of ten thousand talents; read more. but, as he had nothing to pay, his lord commanded that he be sold, and his wife, and his children, and all that he had, and payment to be made. The servant, falling down, therefore, was bowing to him, saying, 'Lord, have patience with me, and I will pay you all.' And, moved with compassion, the lord of that servant released him, and forgave him the debt. But, going forth, that servant found one of his fellow-servants, who was owing him a hundred denaries; and, having laid hold of him, he was choking him, saying, 'Pay, if you are owing anything!' His fellow-servant, falling down, therefore, was entreating him, saying, Have patience with me, and I will pay you! And he would not; but, going away, he cast him into prison, till he should pay what was due. Therefore, his fellow-servants, seeing what was done, were exceedingly grieved; and, going, they made known to their lord all that was done. "Then, calling him to him, his lord says to him, 'Evil servant! I forgave you all that debt, because you besought me. Should you not also have had mercy on your fellow-servant, as I had mercy on you?' And, being angry, his lord delivered him to the tormentors, until he should pay all the debt. So also will My Heavenly Father do to you, if ye forgive not, each one his brother, from your hearts."
But all their works they do with the view to be seen by men; for they make broad their phylacteries and enlarge their fringes;
"Woe to you scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! because ye are like white-washed sepulchres, which outwardly, indeed, appear beautiful, but within are full of bones of the dead and of all uncleanness.
Then will He say also to those on the left hand, 'Depart from Me, ye accursed! into the eternal fire which was prepared for the Devil and his angels; for I hungered, and ye did not give Me to eat; I thirsted, and ye gave Me no drink; read more. I was a stranger, and ye took Me not in; naked, and ye did not clothe Me; sick, and in prison, and ye did not look after Me.' "Then will they also answer, saying, 'Lord, when did we see Thee hungering, or thirsting, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not minister to Thee?' "Then will He answer them, saying, 'Verily I say to you, inasmuch as ye did it not to one of these least, ye did it not to Me!'
teaching them to observe all things, whatsoever I commanded you; and, behold, I am with you all the days, even to the end of the age."
And the scribes of the Pharisees, seeing that He was eating with the sinners and tax-collectors, said to His disciples, "Why doth He eat with the tax-collectors and sinners?" And Jesus, hearing it, says to them, "Those who are well need not a physician, but those who are sick. I came not to call the righteous, but sinners."
No one sews a piece of unshrunk cloth on an old garment; else the patch takes from it, the new from the old, and a worse rent is made. And no one puts new wine into old wine-skins; else the wine will burst the skins, and the wine perishes, and the skins; but they put new wine into fresh wine-skins."
and saw that some of His disciples ate bread with defiled, that is, unwashed hands. For the Pharisees, and all the Jews, unless they wash their hands thoroughly, eat not, holding the tradition of the elders; read more. and, coming from the marketplace, unless they immerse themselves, they do not eat; and there are many other things which they received to hold; as, immersion of cups, and pots, and brazen vessels. And the Pharisees and the scribes ask Him, "Why do not Thy disciples walk according to the tradition of the elders, but eat with defiled hands?" And He said to them, "Well did Isaiah prophesy concerning you hypocrites, as it has been written, This people honor me with their lips; but their heart is far from Me. But in vain do they worship Me, teaching as their doctrines the precepts of men. Having left the commandment of God, ye hold the tradition of men."
And He saith to them, "Are ye too thus without understanding? Do ye not perceive that nothing, entering into a man from without, can defile him; because it goes not into his heart, but into the belly, and passes out into the drain?" This He said, making all foods clean. read more. And He said, "That which proceeds out of the man, that defiles the man. For from within, out of the heart of men, proceed evil thoughts, fornications, thefts, murders, adulteries,
For from within, out of the heart of men, proceed evil thoughts, fornications, thefts, murders, adulteries, covetings, wickednesses, deceit, wantonness, an evil eye, blasphemy, pride, foolishness:
covetings, wickednesses, deceit, wantonness, an evil eye, blasphemy, pride, foolishness: all these evil things proceed from within, and defile the man."
And the Pharisees, corning to Him, were asking Him, "Is it lawful for a man to put away his wife!" tempting Him. And He, answering, said to them, "What did Moses command you?" read more. And they said, "Moses permitted to write a bill of divorcement, and to put her away." But Jesus said to them, "Because of the hardness of your heart he wrote you this commandment. But from the beginning of the creation, 'Male and female made He them.' For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, [and shall cleave to his wife], and the two shall become one flesh; so that they are no more two, but one flesh. What, therefore, God joined together, let not man put asunder."
And, coming, they say to Him, "Teacher, we know that Thou art true, and carest not for any one; for Thou lookest not into the face of men, but in truth teachest the way of God. Is it lawful to give tribute to Caesar, or not? Shall we give, or shall we not give?" But He, knowing their hypocrisy, said to them, "Why are ye tempting Me? Bring Me a denary, that I may see it." read more. And they brought it. And He saith to them, "Whose is this image and inscription?" And they said to Him, "Caesar's." And Jesus said to them, "Render to Caesar the things of Caesar, and to God the things of God." And they wondered exceedingly at Him.
And, as the sun was setting, all, as many as had any ailing with divers diseases, brought them to Him; and He, laying His hands on each one of them, was healing them.
And the dead sat up, and began to speak. And He gave him to his mother.
Wherefore, I say to you, her sins, which are many, are forgiven; because she loved much; but he, to whom little is forgiven, loves little."
And He said to another, "Follow Me." But he said, "Lord, permit me, going away, first to bury my father." And He said, "Leave the dead to bury their own dead; but, going, publish abroad the Kingdom of God."
"Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you Bethsaida! because, if the mighty works done in you had been done in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago, sitting in sackcloth and ashes. But it will be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon in the judgment than for you. read more. And you, Capernaum, shall you be exalted to Heaven? You shall be thrust down to Hades! "He who hears you hears Me; and he who rejects you rejects Me; and he who rejects Me rejects Him Who sent Me."
And, behold, a certain lawyer stood up, tempting Him, saying, "Teacher, by doing what shall I inherit eternal life?" And He said to him, "What has been written in the law? How do you read?" read more. And he, answering, said, "You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength, and with all your mind; and your neighbor as yourself." And He said to him, "You answered right; do this, and you shall live." But he, wishing to justify himself, said to Jesus, "And who is my neighbor?" And Jesus, answering, said, "A certain man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and fell among robbers; who, both stripping him and inflicting blows, went away, leaving him half dead. And by chance, a certain priest was going down that way; and, seeing him, he passed by on the opposite side. And, in like manner, a Levite also, coming to the place, and seeing him, passed by on the opposite side. But a certain Samaritan, going on his way, came down to him; and, seeing him, he was moved with compassion; and, coming to him, he bound up his wounds, pouring on oil and wine; and, setting him on his own beast, he brought him to an inn, and took care of him. And, on the morrow, taking out two denaries, he gave them to the host, and said, 'Take care of him; and whatsoever you expend additional, I, when I return, will repay you.' Which, therefore, of these three seems to you to have become neighbor of him who fell among the robbers?" And he said, "He that dealt kindly with him." And Jesus said to him, "Go, and do likewise."
"If any one comes to Me, and hates not his own father, and mother, and wife, and children, and brothers, and sisters, and, further, his own soul also, he cannot be My disciple. And whosoever does not bear his own cross, and come after Me, cannot be My disciple.
"What man of you, having a hundred sheep, and losing one of them, does not leave behind the ninety and nine in the wilderness, and go after the lost one, until he finds it? And, finding it, he places it upon his shoulders, rejoicing: read more. and, coming to his house, he calls together his friends and neighbors, saying, Rejoice with me, because I found my sheep, which was lost. I say to you, that so there will be joy in Heaven over one sinner that repents, more than over ninety-nine righteous men who have no need of repentance.
And He said to them, "Ye are those who justify yourselves before men; but God knoweth your hearts; because that which is exalted among men is an abomination before God.
"Now there was a certain rich man, and he was clothed in purple and fine linen, faring sumptuously every day. And a certain poor man, Lazarus by name, had been laid at his gate, full of sores, read more. and desiring to be fed with the crumbs falling from the rich man's table; yea, even the dogs, coming, were licking his sores. And it came to pass that the poor man died, and that he was carried away by the angels into Abraham's bosom. And the rich man also died, and was buried; and in Hades, lifting up his eyes, being in torments, he sees Abraham afar off, and Lazarus in his bosom. And, crying, he said, 'Father Abraham, have mercy on me, and send Lazarus, that he may dip the tip of his finger in water, and cool my tongue; because I am in anguish in this flame!' But Abraham said, 'Child, remember that, in your lifetime, you received in full your good things, and Lazarus, likewise, evil things; but now here he is comforted, and you are in anguish. And, in all these things, between us and you a great chasm has been fixed; so that those wishing to cross from hence to you cannot; nor do they pass from thence to us.' And he said, 'I pray you, therefore, father, that you would send him to my father's house; for I have five brothers; that he may testify to them, lest they also come into this place of torment.' But Abraham says, 'They have Moses and the prophets; let them hear them.' But he said, 'Nay, father Abraham; but, if one go to them from the dead, they will repent.' But he said to him, 'If they hear not Moses and the prophets, neither will they be persuaded, if one rose from the dead.'"
Two men went up into the temple to pray; one a Pharisee, and the other a tax-collector. The Pharisee, having taken his stand, was praying these things with himself: 'God, I thank Thee that I am not as the rest of men, extortioners, unjust, adulterers, or even as this tax-collector! read more. I fast twice on the Sabbath; I give a tenth of all that I acquire.' "But the tax-collector, standing afar off, would not lift up even his eyes to heaven, but was smiting his breast, saying, 'God, be merciful to me, the sinner!' I say to you, this man went down justified to his house, rather than the other; because every one who exalts himself shall be humbled, but he who humbles himself shall be exalted."
And, standing, Zacchaeus said to the Lord, "Behold, the half of my goods, Lord, I give to the poor; and, if I wrongfully exacted anything from any one, I restore four-fold." And Jesus said to him, "To-day salvation came to this house, inasmuch as he also is a son of Abraham;
And he said, "Jesus, remember me, when Thou comest in Thy Kingdom."
And all the multitudes, coming together to this sight, viewing the things that took place, were returning, smiting their breasts.
All things were made through Him, and apart from Him was not even one thing made that has been made. In Him was Life; and the Life was the light of men.
because the law was given through Moses; grace and truth came through Jesus Christ.
Again, on the morrow, John was standing, and two of his disciples;
Jesus answered, and said to him, "Verily, verily, I say to you, unless one be born anew, he cannot see the Kingdom of God."
That which has been born of the flesh is flesh: and that which has been born of the Spirit is spirit.
For God so loved the world, that He gave His only begotten Son, that every one who believes on Him should not perish, but have eternal life;
He that believes on Him is not judged; he that believes not has been judged already, because he has not believed on the name of the only begotten Son of God.
But the hour is coming, and now is, when the true worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and truth; for, indeed, the Father seeketh such to be His worshipers.
I said, therefore, to you, that ye will die in your sins; for, unless ye believe that I am He, ye will die in your sins."
If, therefore, the Son shall make you free, ye will be free indeed.
Who of you convicts Me of sin? If I speak truth, why do ye not believe Me?
I am the Good Shepherd; and I know My own, and My own know Me,
Ye call Me 'The Teacher,' and 'The Lord;' and ye say well; for so I am.
A new commandment I give to you, that ye love one another; even as I loved you, that ye love one another.
And, if I go and prepare a place for you, I am coming again, and will receive you to Myself; that, where I am, ye may be also.
Yet a little while, and the world beholds Me no more; but ye behold Me; because I live, ye shall live also.
"I am the true vine, and My Father is the husbandman. Every branch in Me that bears not fruit, He taketh it away: and every one that bears fruit, He cleanseth it, that it may bear more fruit. read more. Already ye are clean because of the word which I have spoken to you. Abide in Me, and I in you. As the branch cannot bear fruit of itself, unless it abide in the vine; so neither can ye, unless ye abide in Me. I am the vine, ye are the branches. He that abides in Me, and I in him, the same bears much fruit; because, apart from Me, ye can do nothing. Unless one abides in Me, he was cast forth as a branch, and withered; and they gather them, and cast them into the fire, and they are burned. If ye abide in Me, and My words abide in you, ask whatsoever ye will, and it shall be done to you. In this was My Father glorified, that ye bear much fruit, and become My disciples. Even as the Father loved Me, I also loved you; abide in My love. If ye keep My commandments, ye shall abide in My love, even as I have kept My Father's commandments, and abide in His love.
"Had I not come and spoken to them, they had not had sin; but now they have no excuse for their sin. He who hates Me hates My Father also. read more. Had I not done among them the works which no other did, they would not have had sin; but now have they both seen and hated both Me and My Father;
They will put you out of the synagogues; yea, an hour is coming, that every one who kills you will think that he is offering service to God.
And, having come, He will convict the world respecting sin, and righteousness, and judgment:
And, having come, He will convict the world respecting sin, and righteousness, and judgment: respecting sin, because they believe not on Me;
These things have I spoken to you, that in Me ye may have peace. In the world ye have tribulation; but be of good cheer; I have overcome the world."
I glorified Thee on the earth; having completed the work which Thou hast given Me to do.
Father, as to what Thou hast given Me, I desire that they also maybe with Me, where I am; that they may behold My glory, which Thou hast given Me; because Thou didst love Me before the founding of a world.
They, therefore, were going from the presence of the Sanhedrin, rejoicing because they were accounted worthy to suffer dishonor in behalf of The Name.
for as yet He had fallen upon no one of them, but they had only been immersed in the name of the Lord Jesus.
They, therefore, having fully testified and spoken the word of the Lord, were returning to Jerusalem, and preaching the Gospel to many villages of the Samaritans. But an angel of the Lord spake to Philip, saying, "Arise, and go toward the south, on the way that leads down from Jerusalem to Gaza:" this is a wilderness. read more. And, having arisen, he went on; and, behold, a man of Ethiopia, a eunuch, a state-officer of Candace, queen of the Ethiopians, who was over all her treasure, who had come to Jerusalem to worship; he was also returning, and, sitting on his chariot, was reading the prophet Isaiah. And the Spirit said to Philip, "Go near, and join yourself to this chariot." And Philip, having run near, heard him reading Isaiah the prophet, and said, "Do you, then, understand what you are reading?" But he said, "How, in fact, were I able, unless some one should guide me?" And he besought Philip, having come up, to sit with him. Now the passage of the Scripture which he was reading was this: "He was led as a sheep to the slaughter; and, as a lamb dumb before its shearer, so He openeth not His mouth. In His humiliation, His judgment was taken away; His generation who shall declare? because His life is being taken away from the earth." And the eunuch, answering Philip, said, "I pray you, of whom does the prophet say this, of himself, or of someone else?" And Philip, opening his mouth, and, beginning from this Scripture, proclaimed to him the good news of Jesus. And, as they were journeying along the way, they came to a certain water; and the eunuch says, "Behold, here is water; what hinders me from being immersed?" [And Philip said, "If you believe with all your heart, you may." And he answered and said, "I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God."] And he commanded the chariot to stand still; and they both went down into the water, both Philip and the eunuch; and he immersed him. And, when they came up out of the water, the Spirit of the Lord caught away Philip, and the eunuch saw him no more; for he was going on his way rejoicing.
And when it came to pass that Peter entered, Cornelius, meeting him, and falling at his feet, worshipped him. But Peter raised him up, saying, "Stand up! I myself also am a man."
Paul, a slave of Jesus Christ, a called apostle, separated unto the Gospel of God,
For he is not a Jew, who is one outwardly; nor is that circumcision, which is outward in flesh; but he is a Jew, who is one inwardly; and circumcision is that of the heart, in spirit, not in letter, whose praise is not of men, but of God.
Do we, then, make void the law through faith? It could not be! Yea, we establish the law.
Having been justified, therefore, by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ, through Whom also we have had access by faith into this grace in which we have been standing; and we rejoice in hope of the glory of God.
For scarcely for a righteous man will one die; for, peradventure, in behalf of a good man, some one even dares to die. But God commendeth His own love toward us, in that, while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us.
For we know that the law is spiritual, but I am carnal, sold under sin.
For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus made me free from the law of sin and death.
But ye are not in the flesh, but in the Spirit, if, indeed, the Spirit of God is dwelling in you. And, if any one has not the spirit of Christ, he is not His.
because whom He foreknew He also predestined to be conformed to the image of His Son, that He might be the first born among many brethren.
Nay, in all these things we are more than conquerors through Him Who loved us. For I am persuaded that, neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor things present, nor things to come, nor powers, read more. nor height, nor depth, nor any other creature, will be able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord.
Let every soul be in subjection to the authorities that are over him; for there is no authority, except from God; and the authorities that are have been appointed by God. So that he who resists the authority withstands the ordinance of God; and those having resisted shall receive to themselves condemnation; read more. for rulers are not a terror to the good work, but to the evil. And do you wish not to fear the authority? Do that which is good, and you shall have praise from the same; for he is God's minister to you for good. But, if you do that which is evil, be afraid; for he bears not the sword in vain; for he is God's minister, an avenger for wrath to him that does evil. Wherefore, there is necessity that ye submit yourselves, not only because of the wrath, but also because of conscience. For, on this account, ye pay tribute also; for they are God's ministers, attending continually to this very thing. Render to all their dues; tribute to whom tribute is due; custom to whom custom; fear to whom fear; honor to whom honor.
Who are you that judge another's servant? To his own lord he stands or falls. But he shall be made to stand; for the Lord is able to make him stand.
For we preach not ourselves, but Christ Jesus as Lord; and ourselves as your servants for Jesus' sake;
For we must all be manifested before the judgment-seat of Christ; that each one may receive the things done through the body, according to the things which he practiced, whether good or evil.
For ye know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that, though He was rich, for your sakes He became poor, that ye through His poverty might become rich.
Now the works of the flesh are manifest, which are, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness, idolatry, sorcery, enmities, strifes, jealousies, wraths, factions, divisions, parties, read more. envyings, drunkenness, revelings, and things like these; of which I forewarn you, as I also said before, that those practicing such things shall not inherit the Kingdom of God. But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, long-suffering, kindness, goodness, faith,
But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, long-suffering, kindness, goodness, faith, meekness, continence; against such there is no law.
meekness, continence; against such there is no law.
Brethren, even if a man be caught in any trespass, ye who are spiritual restore such a one in a spirit of meekness; considering yourself, lest you also be tempted. Bear ye one another's burdens, and so fulfill the law of Christ.
For each one shall bear his own load.
You also did He make alive, when ye were dead in your trespasses and sins, in which ye once walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the authority of the air, the spirit that is now working in the sons of disobedience; read more. among whom we also all once lived in the desires of our flesh, doing the will of the flesh and of the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, even as the rest; but God, being rich in mercy, on account of His great love wherewith He loved us, even when we were dead in our offenses, made us alive with Christ (by grace ye have been saved), and raised us up with Him, and made us sit with Him in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus; that in the ages to come He might show the surpassing riches of His grace in His kindness toward us in Christ Jesus.
having abolished in His flesh the enmity, even the law of commandments expressed in decrees, that He might make the two one new man in Himself, making peace,
Let him who stole steal no more; but rather let him labor, working with his hands that which is good, that he may have to impart to him that has need. Let no corrupt speech proceed out of your mouth, but whatever is good for the supplying of the need, that it may give grace to those who hear.
the wives, to their own husbands, as to the Lord;
And, masters, do the same thing to them, forbearing the threat; knowing that both their Master and yours is in Heaven, and there is no respect of persons with Him.
but to you it was granted as a favor in behalf of Christ, not only to believe on Him, but in His behalf to suffer also;
Have this mind in you, which was also in Christ Jesus;
So then, my beloved, as ye always obeyed, not as in my presence only, but now much more in my absence, work out your own salvation with fear and trembling; for it is God Who is working in you both to will and to work for His good pleasure.
Nay, more, I even account all things to be loss for the excellency of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord, for whose sake I suffered the loss of all things, and account them refuse, that I may gain Christ. and be found in Him, not having my own righteousness, which is of law, but that which is through faith in Christ??he righteousness which is of God by faith: read more. that I may know Him, and the power of His resurrection, and the fellowship of His sufferings, being conformed to His death; if by any means I may attain to the out-resurrection from the dead. Not that I already obtained, or have already been made perfect; but I am pressing on, if I may lay hold of that for which I was laid hold of by Christ Jesus. Brethren, I do not account myself to have laid hold of it; but one thing I do, forgetting the things which are behind, and reaching forth to the things before. I am pressing on toward the mark, for the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus.
Whom we proclaim, warning every man, and teaching every man in all wisdom, that we may present every man perfect in Christ;
If, therefore, ye were raised up with Christ, seek the things above, where Christ is, seated on the right hand of God. Keep thinking of the things above, not of the things on the earth, read more. for ye died, and your life has been hid with Christ in God. When Christ, our Life, shall be manifested, then shall ye also with Him be manifested in glory. Make dead, therefore, your members which are upon the earth; fornication, uncleanness, passion, evil desire, and covetousness, which, indeed, is idolatry; on account of which things the wrath of God comes upon the sons of disobedience; in which things ye also formerly walked, when ye were living in these things. But now do ye also put away all these; anger, wrath, malice, reviling, shameful talk out of your mouth. Lie not one to another, having put off the old man with his practices,
Put on, therefore, as God's elect, holy and beloved, tender affections of compassion, kindness, humility, meekness, long-suffering; (bearing with one another, and freely forgiving one another, if any one have a complaint against any; even as the Lord freely forgave you, so also do ye): read more. and over all these put on love, which is the uniting-bond of perfectness. And let the peace of Christ rule in your hearts, unto which also ye were called in one body; and become thankful. Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly in all wisdom; teaching and admonishing one another with psalms, hymns, spiritual songs, singing with grace in your hearts, to God. And whatsoever ye do in word or in deed, do all in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God the Father through Him. Wives, submit yourselves to your husbands, as it was fitting in the Lord.
Masters, render justice and equity to your servants, knowing that ye also have a Master in Heaven.
and Jesus, who is called Justus, who are of the circumcision: these only are my fellow-workers in the interests of the Kingdom of God, who, indeed, became a comfort to me.
But speak the things which become the healthful teaching; that aged men be temperate, grave, sober-minded, sound in faith, in love, in patience;
teaching us, that, denying ungodliness and worldly desires, we should live soberly, and righteously, and godly in the present age;
teaching us, that, denying ungodliness and worldly desires, we should live soberly, and righteously, and godly in the present age; looking for the blissful hope and appearing of the glory of the great God and our Savior Jesus Christ; read more. who gave Himself for us, that he might redeem us from all iniquity, and purify for Himself a special people, zealous of good works.
how shall we escape, having neglected so great salvation; which, indeed, having at first been spoken through the Lord, was confirmed to us by those who heard;
For both He Who sanctifieth and those who are sanctified are all of One; for which cause He is not ashamed to call them brethren, saying, "I will declare Thy name to my brethren; in the midst of an assembly will I sing praise to Thee." read more. And again, "I will put my trust in Him." And again, "Behold, I and the children whom God gave me." Since, therefore, the children have partaken of blood and flesh, He Himself also in like manner took part of the same; that, through death, He might bring to nought him who had the power of death, that is, the Devil; and might release all those who, through fear of death, were all their lifetime subject to bondage. For surely He doth not succor angels, but He succoreth Abraham's seed. Wherefore, it behooved Him in all things to be made like His brethren, that He might become a merciful and faithful High Priest in the things pertaining to God, to make propitiation for the sins of the people; for in that He Himself hath suffered, being tempted, He is able to succor those who are tempted.
for we have not a High Priest, unable to sympathize with our infirmities, but One Who hath been tempted in all points like as we, apart from sin.
For as to those who were once enlightened, and tasted of the heavenly gift, and became partakers of the Holy Spirit, and tasted the good word of God and the powers of the coming age, read more. and then fell away, it is impossible to renew them again to repentance, since they are crucifying to themselves the Son of God afresh, and putting Him to open shame. For the land which drank in the rain that often comes upon it, and brings forth an herb fit for those for whose sake also it is cultivated, receives blessing from God; but, if it bears thorns and thistles, it is rejected, and is near to a curse; whose end is to be burned.
having a golden censer, and the ark of the covenant overlaid on every side with gold, in which was a golden pot containing the manna, and Aaron's rod that budded, and the tables of the covenant;
which He dedicated for us, a new and living way, through the veil, that is, His flesh;
For, if we sin wilfully after we received the full knowledge of the truth, there no longer remains a sacrifice for sins,
But call to remembrance the former days, in which, after ye were enlightened, ye endured a great conflict of sufferings; partly, indeed, when ye were made a spectacle both with reproaches and tribulations; and partly, when ye became partakers with those who were so used; read more. for ye both sympathized with those in bonds, and took joyfully the spoiling of your possessions; knowing that ye yourselves have a better possession and an abiding one.
But, of well-doing, and contributing, be not forgetful; for with such sacrifices God is well-pleased.
James, a slave of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ, to the twelve tribes who are in the Dispersion, greeting.
Having willed it, He brought us forth with a word of truth, that we might be a certain first-fruit of His creatures.
A religion, pure and undefiled with our God and Father, is this: to visit orphans and widows in their tribulation, and to keep himself unspotted from the world.
and, even for this very reason, adding all diligence, in your faith supply virtue; and in virtue, knowledge;
Every one who believes that Jesus is the Christ has been begotten of God; and every one who loves Him Who begat loves him also that has been begotten of Him.
He that has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith to the assemblies. To him that overcomes, to him will I give of the Hidden Manna; and I will give him a white stone, and upon the stone a new name written, which no one knows, but he that receives it.
He that overcomes, I will make him a pillar in the temple of My God; and he shall in nowise go out any more: and I will write on him the name of My God, and the name of the city of My God, the New Jerusalem, which comes down out of Heaven from My God, and My own New Name.
And they sing a new song, saying, "Worthy art Thou to take the book, and to open its seals; because Thou wast slain, and didst redeem to God, by Thy blood, some of every tribe, and tongue, and people, and nation;
and they will see His face, and His name shall be on their foreheads.
And I, John, am he who heard and saw these things. And, when I heard and saw, I fell down to worship before the feet of the angel who showed me these things. And he says, "See that you do it not. I am a fellow-servant with you and with your brethren the prophets, and with those who keep the words of this book: worship God."