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There was a man from Ramathaim-zophim in the hill country of Ephraim. His name was Elkanah son of Jeroham, son of Elihu, son of Tohu, son of Zuph, an Ephraimite.

Verse Conceptsgrandfathers

He had two wives, the first named Hannah and the second Peninnah. Peninnah had children, but Hannah was childless.

Verse ConceptsTwoMothers, Examples OfChildlessnessTwo WomenNamed WivesWifeKids

Hannah got up after they ate and drank at Shiloh. Eli the priest was sitting on a chair by the doorpost of the Lord’s tabernacle.

Verse ConceptsDoorpostsHigh Priest, In OtPeople Sitting DownThe Temple At Shilohfinishing

While she continued praying in the Lord’s presence, Eli watched her lips.

Hannah was praying silently, and though her lips were moving, her voice could not be heard. Eli thought she was drunk

Verse ConceptsPraying QuietlyThe Lips Of The RighteousHeart, And Holy SpiritLipsRenewed HeartMoving OnPrayingdrunkardsHeartfelt Prayer To God

The next morning Elkanah and Hannah got up early to bow in worship before the Lord. Afterward, they returned home to Ramah. Then Elkanah was intimate with his wife Hannah, and the Lord remembered her.

Verse ConceptsMorning DevotionsOne FleshRising EarlyMarital SexGod Remembering His PeopleMarital Sex BetweenThose Who Rose EarlyIndividuals going homeEarly Rising

When she had weaned him, she took him with her to Shiloh, as well as a three-year-old bull, half a bushel of flour, and a jar of wine. Though the boy was still young, she took him to the Lord’s house at Shiloh.

Verse ConceptsInfantsBottle, UsesWineWineskinChildren, Should Be TreatedLimitations Of YouthQuantities Of WineAnimals At Specific AgesEphah [Ten Omers]The House Of God At Shiloh

or for the priests’ share of the sacrifices from the people. When any man offered a sacrifice, the priest’s servant would come with a three-pronged meat fork while the meat was boiling

Verse ConceptsCustomCooking, MethodsSharp ToolsThreefold

Even before the fat was burned, the priest’s servant would come and say to the man who was sacrificing, “Give the priest some meat to roast, because he won’t accept boiled meat from you—only raw.”

Verse ConceptsCooking, MethodsStewardshipBurning Sacrifices

So the servants’ sin was very severe in the presence of the Lord, because they treated the Lord’s offering with contempt.

Verse ConceptsAbhorGrain OfferingIrreverenceSacrilegeLeaders SinningRegulating Sacrifices

Now Eli was very old. He heard about everything his sons were doing to all Israel and how they were sleeping with the women who served at the entrance to the tent of meeting.

Verse ConceptsAdultery, Examples OfShameTent Of MeetingExtra Marital Sex ExamplesThey Committed Immorality

A man of God came to Eli and said to him, “This is what the Lord says: ‘Didn’t I reveal Myself to your ancestral house when it was in Egypt and belonged to Pharaoh’s palace?

Verse ConceptsGod, Revelation OfAnonymityUnnamed Prophets Of The LordMan Of GodRelationships And Dating

The boy Samuel served the Lord in Eli’s presence. In those days the word of the Lord was rare and prophetic visions were not widespread.

Verse ConceptsSpiritual Famine,Speech, DivineVisionsWord Of GodDecadenceNo VisionsReceiving God's Wordministering

One day Eli, whose eyesight was failing, was lying in his room.

Verse ConceptsVisionDimness Of VisionLying Down To Rest

Before the lamp of God had gone out, Samuel was lying down in the tabernacle of the Lord, where the ark of God was located.

Verse ConceptsLampsArk Of The Covenant, Names ForThe Ark In The TempleLying Down To RestThe Temple At Shiloh

Once again, for the third time, the Lord called Samuel. He got up, went to Eli, and said, “Here I am; you called me.”

Then Eli understood that the Lord was calling the boy.

Verse ConceptsSensitivityCommunicating Three TimesBehold Me!Others SummoningGod's Call

Samuel lay down until the morning; then he opened the doors of the Lord’s house. He was afraid to tell Eli the vision,

Verse ConceptsFear, Of UnknownThe Act Of OpeningOpening The TempleLying Down To RestThose Who Did Not TellFear Of Individuals

“What was the message He gave you?” Eli asked. “Don’t hide it from me. May God punish you and do so severely if you hide anything from me that He told you.”

Verse ConceptsGod's Things Concealed

All Israel from Dan to Beer-sheba knew that Samuel was a confirmed prophet of the Lord.

Verse ConceptsNamed Prophets Of The Lord

The Philistines lined up in battle formation against Israel, and as the battle intensified, Israel was defeated by the Philistines, who struck down about 4,000 men on the battlefield.

Verse ConceptsFour ThousandKilling Within Israel

So the Philistines fought, and Israel was defeated, and each man fled to his tent. The slaughter was severe—30,000 of the Israelite foot soldiers fell.

Verse ConceptsTentsCarnageThirty Thousand And UpIsrael FleeingKilling Within IsraelDefeat Of God's People

The ark of God was captured, and Eli’s two sons, Hophni and Phinehas, died.

Verse ConceptsArk Of The Covenant, DescriptionThe Ark Moved Around

That same day, a Benjaminite man ran from the battle and came to Shiloh. His clothes were torn, and there was dirt on his head.

Verse ConceptsHeadsRunning With NewsThose Who Tore Clothes

When he arrived, there was Eli sitting on his chair beside the road watching, because he was anxious about the ark of God. When the man entered the city to give a report, the entire city cried out.

Verse ConceptsHeart, HumanRoadsTownHuman EmotionGroups ShoutingTelling Of Happenings

At that time Eli was 98 years old, and his gaze was fixed because he couldn’t see.

Verse ConceptsdisabilitiesVisionDimness Of VisionAge At Death

The messenger answered, “Israel has fled from the Philistines, and also there was a great slaughter among the people. Your two sons, Hophni and Phinehas, are both dead, and the ark of God has been captured.”

Verse ConceptsLossPriesthood, In OtThe Ark Moved AroundIsrael Fleeing

When he mentioned the ark of God, Eli fell backward off the chair by the city gate, and since he was old and heavy, his neck broke and he died. Eli had judged Israel 40 years.

Verse ConceptsLeaders, SpiritualThe Number Forty40 To 50 YearsBackwardsPeople Tumblinglosing a loved oneDeath Of A Family MemberDeath Of A FatherLeadership QualitiesFalling Backwards

Eli’s daughter-in-law, the wife of Phinehas, was pregnant and about to give birth. When she heard the news about the capture of God’s ark and the deaths of her father-in-law and her husband, she collapsed and gave birth because her labor pains came on her.

Verse ConceptsPregnancyDaughters In LawOther Wives

As she was dying, the women taking care of her said, “Don’t be afraid. You’ve given birth to a son!” But she did not respond or pay attention.

Verse ConceptsResponseOthers Not AnsweringDeath Of A ChildDeath Of A MotherDespairHaving A Babychildbearing

When the people of Ashdod got up early the next morning, there was Dagon, fallen with his face to the ground before the ark of the Lord. So they took Dagon and returned him to his place.

Verse ConceptsProstrationRestoring ThingsThose Who Rose EarlyThings Falling

But when they got up early the next morning, there was Dagon, fallen with his face to the ground before the ark of the Lord. This time, both Dagon’s head and the palms of his hands were broken off and lying on the threshold. Only Dagon’s torso remained.

Verse ConceptsBodyHeadsMorningRising EarlyBeheadingCutting Off Hands And FeetThose Who Rose EarlyThings Fallingstatues

When the men of Ashdod saw what was happening, they said, “The ark of Israel’s God must not stay here with us, because His hand is strongly against us and our god Dagon.”

Verse ConceptsDagon

After they had moved it, the Lord’s hand was against the city of Gath, causing a great panic. He afflicted the men of the city, from the youngest to the oldest, with an outbreak of tumors.

The Ekronites called all the Philistine rulers together. They said, “Send the ark of Israel’s God away. It must return to its place so it won’t kill us and our people!” For the fear of death pervaded the city; God’s hand was oppressing them.

Verse ConceptsSending Things Away

They asked, “What restitution offering should we send back to Him?”

And they answered, “Five gold tumors and five gold mice corresponding to the number of Philistine rulers, since there was one plague for both you and your rulers.

Verse ConceptsGoldMiceFive PeopleFive AnimalsFive Things

Then watch: If it goes up the road to its homeland toward Beth-shemesh, it is the Lord who has made this terrible trouble for us. However, if it doesn’t, we will know that it was not His hand that punished us—it was just something that happened to us by chance.”

Verse ConceptsChanceDistinguishingNatural Disasters

The number of gold mice also corresponded to the number of Philistine cities of the five rulers, the fortified cities and the outlying villages. The large rock on which the ark of the Lord was placed is in the field of Joshua of Beth-shemesh to this day.

Verse ConceptsVillagesMiceFive PeopleFive ThingsPlaces To This Day

Samuel was offering the burnt offering as the Philistines drew near to fight against Israel. The Lord thundered loudly against the Philistines that day and threw them into such confusion that they fled before Israel.

Verse ConceptsConfusion, Examples OfdefeatThunderAnger Of God, Examples OfGod OvercomingThunder Expressing God's Judgment

So the Philistines were subdued and did not invade Israel’s territory again. The Lord’s hand was against the Philistines all of Samuel’s life.

Verse ConceptsGod Opposing

The cities from Ekron to Gath, which they had taken from Israel, were restored; Israel even rescued their surrounding territories from Philistine control. There was also peace between Israel and the Amorites.

Verse ConceptsAmoritesCities In IsraelRestoring ThingsTime Of Peace

Then he would return to Ramah because his home was there, he judged Israel there, and he built an altar to the Lord there.

Verse ConceptsHomeAltars, Built ByAltars To The LordBuilding Altars

His firstborn son’s name was Joel and his second was Abijah. They were judges in Beer-sheba.

Verse ConceptsFirstborn SonsJudging Israel

There was an influential man of Benjamin named Kish son of Abiel, son of Zeror, son of Becorath, son of Aphiah, son of a Benjaminite.

He had a son named Saul, an impressive young man. There was no one more impressive among the Israelites than he. He stood a head taller than anyone else.

Verse ConceptsBodyHeadsOutward AppearanceTall PeoplestructuresaulHandsome Men

When they came to the land of Zuph, Saul said to the attendant who was with him, “Come on, let’s go back, or my father will stop worrying about the donkeys and start worrying about us.”

Verse ConceptsLet Them Go Home

Formerly in Israel, a man who was going to inquire of God would say, “Come, let’s go to the seer,” for the prophet of today was formerly called the seer.

Verse ConceptsSeersHistory Of Nations

“Good,” Saul replied to his attendant. “Come on, let’s go.” So they went to the city where the man of God was.

Verse ConceptsMan Of God

The cook picked up the thigh and what was attached to it and set it before Saul. Then Samuel said, “Notice that the reserved piece is set before you. Eat it because it was saved for you for this solemn event at the time I said, ‘I’ve invited the people.’” So Saul ate with Samuel that day.

Then a man who was from there asked, “And who is their father?”

As a result, “Is Saul also among the prophets?” became a popular saying.

Verse ConceptsOld Sayings

Samuel had all the tribes of Israel come forward, and the tribe of Benjamin was selected.

Then he had the tribe of Benjamin come forward by its clans, and the Matrite clan was selected. Finally, Saul son of Kish was selected. But when they searched for him, they could not find him.

Verse ConceptsNowhere To Be Found

Just then Saul was coming in from the field behind his oxen. “What’s the matter with the people? Why are they weeping?” Saul inquired, and they repeated to him the words of the men from Jabesh.

Verse ConceptsHerds

But when you saw that Nahash king of the Ammonites was coming against you, you said to me, ‘No, we must have a king rule over us’—even though the Lord your God is your king.

Verse ConceptsGovernmentKingsKingdom Of God, Coming OfKingship, DivineKingship, HumanTheocracy

Saul was 30 years old when he became king, and he reigned 42 years over Israel.

Verse ConceptsKingsThirtysaul

Jonathan attacked the Philistine garrison that was in Geba, and the Philistines heard about it. So Saul blew the ram’s horn throughout the land saying, “Let the Hebrews hear!”

Verse ConceptsTrumpetGarrisonsTrumpets For Signalling

Some Hebrews even crossed the Jordan to the land of Gad and Gilead.

Saul, however, was still at Gilgal, and all his troops were gripped with fear.

Verse ConceptsFear Of Enemies

Samuel said to Saul, “You have been foolish. You have not kept the command which the Lord your God gave you. It was at this time that the Lord would have permanently established your reign over Israel,

Verse ConceptsFools, Characteristics OfFolly, Examples Ofevil, believers' responses toStabilityThey Do Not Keep Commandssaul

The price was two-thirds of a shekel for plows and mattocks, and one-third of a shekel for pitchforks and axes, and for putting a point on an oxgoad.

Verse ConceptsGoadsCoinageAxesForks

Saul was staying under the pomegranate tree in Migron on the outskirts of Gibeah. The troops with him numbered about 600.

Verse ConceptsFruitPomegranatesSix To Seven HundredSix Hundred And Above

Ahijah, who was wearing an ephod, was also there. He was the son of Ahitub, the brother of Ichabod son of Phinehas, son of Eli the Lord’s priest at Shiloh. But the troops did not know that Jonathan had left.

There were sharp columns of rock on both sides of the pass that Jonathan intended to cross to reach the Philistine garrison. One was named Bozez and the other Seneh;

Verse ConceptsGarrisonsSharpness

Saul told Ahijah, “Bring the ark of God,” for it was with the Israelites at that time.

Verse ConceptsThe Ark Moved Around

Everyone went into the forest, and there was honey on the ground.

However, Jonathan had not heard his father make the troops swear the oath. He reached out with the end of the staff he was carrying and dipped it into the honeycomb. When he ate the honey, he had renewed energy.

Verse ConceptsRevival, PersonalStaffHoneyRodsGood EyesPeople Refreshed

Then Saul built an altar to the Lord; it was the first time he had built an altar to the Lord.

Verse ConceptsBeing FirstAltars, Built ByAltarsAltars To The LordFirst ActionsBuilding Altars

Then Saul said, “Cast the lot between me and my son Jonathan,” and Jonathan was selected.

Saul commanded him, “Tell me what you did.”

Jonathan told him, “I tasted a little honey with the end of the staff I was carrying. I am ready to die!”

Verse ConceptsSin Confessed

The name of Saul’s wife was Ahinoam daughter of Ahimaaz. The name of the commander of his army was Abner son of Saul’s uncle Ner.

Verse ConceptsCommanderNamed Wives

Saul’s father was Kish. Abner’s father was Ner son of Abiel.

The conflict with the Philistines was fierce all of Saul’s days, so whenever Saul noticed any strong or brave man, he enlisted him.

Verse ConceptsConscriptionThe Mighty Men

Early in the morning Samuel got up to confront Saul, but it was reported to Samuel, “Saul went to Carmel where he set up a monument for himself. Then he turned around and went down to Gilgal.”

Verse ConceptsRising Early, Examples OfRising EarlyThose Who Rose Early

So why didn’t you obey the Lord? Why did you rush on the plunder and do what was evil in the Lord’s sight?”

Verse ConceptsPlundering

The troops took sheep and cattle from the plunder—the best of what was set apart for destruction—to sacrifice to the Lord your God at Gilgal.”

Verse ConceptsAnnihilation

Saul answered Samuel, “I have sinned. I have transgressed the Lord’s command and your words. Because I was afraid of the people, I obeyed them.

Verse ConceptsConviction, Not Leading To RepentancePublic OpinionConfessionFear Of ManFearing Other PeopleWe Have Sinned

Then a champion named Goliath, from Gath, came out from the Philistine camp. He was nine feet, nine inches tall

Verse ConceptsWeights And Measures, LinearGiantsChampions

There was bronze armor on his shins, and a bronze sword was slung between his shoulders.

Verse ConceptsBackLegsArmor ProtectionJavelinsBronze Armour

His spear shaft was like a weaver’s beam, and the iron point of his spear weighed 15 pounds. In addition, a shield-bearer was walking in front of him.

Verse ConceptsArmourCraftsmenIronShieldsSpearsSpinning And WeavingArmor ProtectionArmorbearerBeamsIron ObjectsWeights Of Other Things

Now David was the son of the Ephrathite from Bethlehem of Judah named Jesse. Jesse had eight sons and during Saul’s reign was already an old man.

Verse ConceptsDavid, Early LifeEight PeopleDads

and David was the youngest. The three oldest had followed Saul,

Verse ConceptsThree ChildrenThe Youngest Child

So David got up early in the morning, left the flock with someone to keep it, loaded up, and set out as Jesse had instructed him.

He arrived at the perimeter of the camp as the army was marching out to its battle formation shouting their battle cry.

Verse ConceptsRising Early, Examples OfChildren, Good KidsMorningOccupationsShoutingVoicesChildren, Good Examples OfRising EarlyBattle CriesThose Who Rose EarlyNo More Tending The FlockRoses

While he was speaking with them, suddenly the champion named Goliath, the Philistine from Gath, came forward from the Philistine battle line and shouted his usual words, which David heard.

Verse ConceptsChampions

“What have I done now?” protested David. “It was just a question.”

Verse ConceptsAsking

What David said was overheard and reported to Saul, so he had David brought to him.

Verse ConceptsKings Summoning

But Saul replied, “You can’t go fight this Philistine. You’re just a youth, and he’s been a warrior since he was young.”

Verse ConceptsChildren, examples ofInexperienceMiddle AgeYouthLimitations Of YouthWork From YouthUnable To Do Other Things

David strapped his sword on over the military clothes and tried to walk, but he was not used to them. “I can’t walk in these,” David said to Saul, “I’m not used to them.” So David took them off.

Verse ConceptsUnable To Do Other Thingsarmor

David ran and stood over him. He grabbed the Philistine’s sword, pulled it from its sheath, and used it to kill him. Then he cut off his head. When the Philistines saw that their hero was dead, they ran.

Verse ConceptsSwordsDisfigurementChampionsBeheadingIndividuals RunningSkullsPeoples Who Fledheroes

Then Jonathan removed the robe he was wearing and gave it to David, along with his military tunic, his sword, his bow, and his belt.

Verse ConceptsBow And Arrows, Uses OfArmourBeltsRobesArmor ProtectionDressPeople Giving ClothesPeople Stripping Offarmor

David marched out with the army and was successful in everything Saul sent him to do. Saul put him in command of the soldiers, which pleased all the people and Saul’s servants as well.

Verse ConceptsRankThe Righteous Prosper

As the troops were coming back, when David was returning from killing the Philistine, the women came out from all the cities of Israel to meet King Saul, singing and dancing with tambourines, with shouts of joy, and with three-stringed instruments.

Verse ConceptsJoy, And Human ExperienceLeisure, And PastimesVirginMusic To Celebratehomecoming

Saul was furious and resented this song. “They credited tens of thousands to David,” he complained, “but they only credited me with thousands. What more can he have but the kingdom?”

Verse ConceptsTemperEnvy, Example OfDislikingFrustrationAngry People

The next day an evil spirit sent from God took control of Saul, and he began to rave inside the palace. David was playing the lyre as usual, but Saul was holding a spear,

Verse ConceptsDavid, Abilities Ofevil, victory overHarpsMedicineProphecy, Methods Of OtSpiritsInstrumentalistsMental Illness

and continued to be successful in all his activities because the Lord was with him.

Verse ConceptsFindingGod With Specific PeopleThe Righteous Prosperprospering

But all Israel and Judah loved David because he was leading their troops.

Verse ConceptsTribes Of IsraelGoing Out And Coming InThose Who Loved

Saul told David, “Here is my oldest daughter Merab. I’ll give her to you as a wife, if you will be a warrior for me and fight the Lord’s battles.” But Saul was thinking, “My hand doesn’t need to be against him; let the hand of the Philistines be against him.”

Verse ConceptsBetrothalBetrayalMarriage, Customs ConcerningSinglenessTreacheryFighting Enemies

When it was time to give Saul’s daughter Merab to David, she was given to Adriel the Meholathite as a wife.

Now Saul’s daughter Michal loved David, and when it was reported to Saul, it pleased him.

Verse ConceptsMarriage, Customs ConcerningMarriage, Purpose OfMen And Women Who Lovedsaul