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(Alef)Alas! The city once full of people now sits all alone! The prominent lady among the nations has become a widow! The princess who once ruled the provinces has become a forced laborer!

Verse ConceptsLamentingQueensFilling PlacesWidowsEmpty CitiesGreat ThingsLuciferlonliness

(Bet) She weeps bitterly at night; tears stream down her cheeks. She has no one to comfort her among all her lovers. All her friends have betrayed her; they have become her enemies.

Verse ConceptsCheeksBetrayalNightFeelings Of Rejection By GodWeepingAfflictions, Consolation DuringHanding Over PeopleFriends FailingNo ComfortPeople Mourning Catastrophe

(Gimel) Judah has departed into exile under affliction and harsh oppression. She lives among the nations; she has found no resting place. All who pursued her overtook her in narrow straits.

Verse ConceptsPursuing PeopleWorryExile Of Judah To BabylonOvertaking

(Vav) All of Daughter Zion's splendor has departed. Her leaders became like deer; they found no pasture, so they were too exhausted to escape from the hunter.

Verse ConceptsWeakness, PhysicalIsrael FleeingNo FoodNo Strength To CopeDeer Etc.Losing HonourDeer

(Tet) Her menstrual flow has soiled her clothing; she did not consider the consequences of her sin. Her demise was astonishing, and there was no one to comfort her. She cried, "Look, O Lord, on my affliction because my enemy boasts!"

Verse ConceptsAbsence Of ThoughtFringe Of ClothesDownfall Of IsraelPeople Being UncleanI Am SufferingNo ComfortSeeking Honour

(Lamed) Is it nothing to you, all you who pass by on the road? Look and see! Is there any pain like mine? The Lord has afflicted me, he has inflicted it on me when he burned with anger.

Verse ConceptsPassing BySuffering, Emotional Aspects OfHeartlessnessUnique EventsI Am SufferingGod Troubling

(Mem) He sent down fire into my bones, and it overcame them. He spread out a trapper's net for my feet; he made me turn back. He has made me desolate; I am faint all day long.

Verse ConceptsNetsUnceasingContinual HardshipCausing People To TurnDamage To The BodyFire From HeavenGod Trapping

(Nun) My sins are bound around my neck like a yoke; they are fastened together by his hand. He has placed his yoke on my neck; he has sapped my strength. The Lord has handed me over to those whom I cannot resist.

Verse ConceptsHeavy Burdens

(Samek) He rounded up all my mighty ones; The Lord did this in my midst. He summoned an assembly against me to shatter my young men. The Lord has stomped like grapes the virgin daughter, Judah.

Verse ConceptsdaughtersWinepressConvocationsTrampling PeopleTreading GrapesYoung People Suffering

(Ayin) I weep because of these things; my eyes flow with tears. For there is no one in sight who can comfort me or encourage me. My children are desolated because an enemy has prevailed.

Verse ConceptsBeing ForsakenPeace, Human Destruction OfSympathyRestoring SinnersI Mourn CatastropheNo Comfort

(Pe) Zion spread out her hands, but there is no one to comfort her. The Lord has issued a decree against Jacob; his neighbors have become his enemies. Jerusalem has become like filthy garbage in their midst.

Verse ConceptsJerusalem, Significance OfSitting In DejectionNo Comfort

(Alef) Alas! The Lord has covered Daughter Zion with his anger. He has thrown down the splendor of Israel from heaven to earth; he did not protect his temple when he displayed his anger.

Verse ConceptsFootstoolsZion, As A SymbolGod ForgettingLosing HonourThe Coming Day Of God's WrathFeelings Of Alienation

(Dalet) He prepared his bow like an enemy; his right hand was ready to shoot. Like a foe he killed everyone, even our strong young men; he has poured out his anger like fire on the tent of Daughter Zion.

Verse ConceptsBow And Arrows, Symbol Of StrengthRight Hand Of GodArchers, Likened To GodGod KillingFire Of God's AngerPleasing MenGod As EnemyGod Killed His People

(Vav) He destroyed his temple as if it were a vineyard; he destroyed his appointed meeting place. The Lord has made those in Zion forget both the festivals and the Sabbaths. In his fierce anger he has spurned both king and priest.

Verse ConceptsGarden, NaturalDecayDestruction Of The TempleGod Living In The TabernacleBoothsForgetting ThingsDeposed PriestsFestivals DisregardedSabbath Violated

(Ayin) The Lord has done what he planned; he has fulfilled his promise that he threatened long ago: He has overthrown you without mercy and has enabled the enemy to gloat over you; he has exalted your adversaries' power.

Verse ConceptsCruelty, God's attitude toGuidance, God's Promises OfPlansDeterminismPower Through GodHorns VictoriousGod Speaking Of OldNot SparingRejoicing In Evil

(Tav) As if it were a feast day, you call enemies to terrify me on every side. On the day of the Lord's anger no one escaped or survived. My enemy has finished off those healthy infants whom I bore and raised.

Verse ConceptsNo SurvivorsNo EscapeFear Will ComeFestivals DisregardedKilling Sons And Daughters

(Alef) I am the man who has experienced affliction from the rod of his wrath.

Verse ConceptsI Am Suffering

(Bet) He has made my mortal skin waste away; he has broken my bones.

Verse ConceptsSkinBones BrokenHuman SkinDamage To The Body

He has besieged and surrounded me with bitter hardship.

Verse ConceptsHard TasksNations Attacking Israel

He has made me reside in deepest darkness like those who died long ago.

Verse ConceptsState Of The Dead

(Gimel) He has walled me in so that I cannot get out; he has weighted me down with heavy prison chains.

Verse ConceptsChainsGoing OutsideImprisonments

Also, when I cry out desperately for help, he has shut out my prayer.

Verse ConceptsDoubting God's Concern

He has blocked every road I take with a wall of hewn stones; he has made every path impassable.

Verse ConceptsPaths Of BelieversTwistingTragedy On The StreetsImprisonmentsGod HinderingPaths

He has obstructed my paths and torn me to pieces; he has made me desolate.

Verse ConceptsPeople Torn To PiecesBeing Mislead

He has given me my fill of bitter herbs and made me drunk with bitterness.

Verse ConceptsHerbs And SpicesBitter FoodGod Making DrunkHerbs

So I said, "My endurance has expired; I have lost all hope of deliverance from the Lord."

Verse ConceptsHope, Nature OfHope, Results Of Its AbsenceWithout HopeEnduranceDespairexpectations

Though he causes us grief, he then has compassion on us according to the abundance of his loyal kindness.

Verse ConceptsCompassionGod Troublinggrieving

until the Lord looks down from heaven and sees what has happened.

Verse ConceptsGod Seeing All The EarthGod Acts From Heaven

(Alef)Alas! Gold has lost its luster; pure gold loses value. Jewels are scattered on every street corner.

Verse ConceptsPeople As RocksTragedy On The StreetsThings Like Gold

(Khet) Now their appearance is darker than soot; they are not recognized in the streets. Their skin has shriveled on their bones; it is dried up, like tree bark.

Verse ConceptsSkinSticksHuman SkinSootPeople WitheredNot Recognising PeopleBlack Peoplelimitations

(Pe) The Lord himself has scattered them; he no longer watches over them. They did not honor the priests; they did not show favor to the elders.

Verse Conceptsdispersion, theSin, God's Judgment OnGod Scattering IsraelGod Not SeeingDeposed PriestsLosing Honourelders

O Lord, reflect on what has happened to us; consider and look at our disgrace.

Verse ConceptsAfflictions, Prayer DuringBeing ReprovedPay Attention O God!

The crown has fallen from our head; woe to us, for we have sinned!

Verse ConceptsWoeWe Have Sinnedcrowns